WO2016019572A1 - 基于mRNA响应的循环水养殖系统变速流控制方法及系统 - Google Patents

基于mRNA响应的循环水养殖系统变速流控制方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2016019572A1
WO2016019572A1 PCT/CN2014/083985 CN2014083985W WO2016019572A1 WO 2016019572 A1 WO2016019572 A1 WO 2016019572A1 CN 2014083985 W CN2014083985 W CN 2014083985W WO 2016019572 A1 WO2016019572 A1 WO 2016019572A1
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response
mrna
expression
aob
biofilter
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阮贇杰
朱松明
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids

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  • the industrialized recirculating aquaculture system Due to its resource conservation and environmental friendliness, the industrialized recirculating aquaculture system has become a model of aquaculture that is highly respected worldwide. Under the condition of ultra-high-density intensive culture, the core processing technology of the system is biological filtration.
  • the main method is to configure the biofilter to complete the total ammonia nitrogen in the water body by using the microorganisms directed to the surface of the filter material. Total Total Ammonia Nitrogen) Removal with nitrite ( ⁇ 2 -—N).
  • the process is mainly carried out by the nitrification of the functional microbial group, and the total nitrogen nitrogen TAN is catalytically oxidized to hydroxylamine by ammonia monooxygenase of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria, and then oxidized by hydroxylamine to intermediate nitrite.
  • OB Nirite Oxidizing Bacteria
  • the full reaction rate-limiting step is Equation 1, and the relevant chemical formula is as follows:
  • the above-mentioned biofilter constant speed operation method still faces the following drawbacks: in the stable operation of the recirculating aquaculture system, the total ammonia nitrogen in the biofilter is mainly derived from the ammonia excretion of the culture object, and the relevant ammonia excretion rate is mainly related to the feed amount.
  • the daily variation of water quality of the system shows a relative "peak-valley" concentration, thus maintaining a higher constant velocity flow of the system, although ensuring stable water quality, but during the peak period of pollutant concentration, the source of the biofilter matrix is due to the flow rate. Constantly limited, in the valley period, due to low base The mass concentration makes it inefficient operation, so the biological filter single cycle treatment efficiency is low. In order to achieve total pollutant throughput, the system needs to maintain a high flow rate, resulting in high overall energy consumption.
  • the pollutant concentration of the node at a certain time is the final result of the ammonia removal and biofilter treatment of the culture object. If the variable flow control is implemented based on this, the information source lags behind. Passively changing the system flow rate from the apparent level can not effectively improve the single treatment efficiency of the system biofilter, which relies on sacrificing system water quality to achieve energy saving.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a variable-flow control method and system for a recirculating aquaculture system based on an mRNA response, thereby realizing energy saving and consumption reduction of the circulating aquaculture system.
  • the invention detects the mRNA response expression of the picture A gene of the microbial AOB encoding ammonia monooxygenase in the biofilter internal filter of the circulating aquaculture system during the single feeding cycle, and extracts the system flow rate during the high expression period to Supply more matrix to its mRNA transcription, reduce flow rate during low expression periods to achieve energy savings. Since the mRNA encoding product of the amoA gene is ammonia monooxygenase (functional protein), its role is to catalyze the oxidation of total ammonia to hydroxylamine as a key mechanism for the rate-limiting step of nitrification, and the half-life of the protein is longer than the half-life of the mRNA.
  • the flow rate of the expression segment can promote the effective accumulation of ammonia monooxygenase by the functional microorganism AOB, which can lay a material foundation for reducing the flow rate of the biofilter still has higher processing performance.
  • the present invention performs the precise regulation of the biological filter and the variable speed flow operation, and achieves the total flow reduction and energy saving of the circulating aquaculture system by improving its single treatment efficiency.
  • a variable-flow control method for recirculating aquaculture system based on mRNA response synergistically regulating the biofilter and microbial response of the recirculating aquaculture system, obtaining the real-time expression of the mRNA of the functional microbe AOB, and increasing the system in the high expression period of the AOB mRNA response
  • the flow rate in response to low expression periods, reduces system flow rate.
  • the circulating aquaculture system mainly adopts a solid-liquid separation-biological purification two-stage treatment method to remove system pollutants, and the operation is stable.
  • the AOB mRNA response is based on high expression and low expression, and the ratio between the high expression value C and the low expression value D is C/D ⁇ 5, or has a statistical difference ( ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ ), the expression of the child unit
  • the base copy number is 4ig RNA.
  • a recirculating aquaculture system employing the method, using a variable speed flow control device.
  • the beneficial effect of the invention is that, by changing the constant flow rate strategy of the biological filter of the traditional recirculating aquaculture system, the mRNA expression response level of the functional microorganism AOB in the single feeding cycle is taken as a reference to increase the high expression segment flow rate and reduce the low mRNA expression, respectively.
  • the section flow rate is a control measure to improve the efficiency of the single cycle of the biofilter.
  • the invention overcomes the disadvantages of the operation of the traditional circulating aquaculture system, the extensive operation strategy of the biological filter and the high overall energy consumption, and has many advantages such as energy saving and efficiency improvement, and engineering application.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an implementation of a variable speed flow control method for a recirculating aquaculture system based on an mRNA response.
  • the present invention can be implemented by the following technical solutions:
  • the object of the present invention is a recirculating aquaculture system, which mainly relies on solid-liquid separation-biological purification two-stage treatment for system pollutant removal, and is stable in operation.
  • the cultured biomass in the system has small fluctuations, and the feeding cycle and rhythm are fixed.
  • the water quality monitoring of the single-feeding cycle of the circulating water system is carried out at the beginning of the feeding time.
  • the TAN content in the water is measured at intervals of 111.
  • the sampling point is generally recommended to include at least 3 places (2 breeding ponds, 1 biofilter) ), the measurement duration is 24h, and the measurement method can adopt the national standard method such as the naphthalene reagent method, and the measurement accuracy is required to be 0.1 mg/L.
  • Sample RN A extraction and reverse transcription cDNA (1) Sample RNA was extracted using a commercial RNA kit, and the procedure was carried out in accordance with the kit instructions. (2) The extracted total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using a commercial kit, and the reaction condition was 42. (, lb; 70 ° C, 15 min; 8 ° C, + ⁇ .
  • the amoA gene is the target region of the functional microbial ammonia oxidizing bacteria AOB.
  • the amoA gene is used as the target region, and the selected species is amoA-1F /amoA-2R (GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT/
  • Amplification was carried out by CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC), and the PCR reaction conditions were: (i) 95. C, 5mm; (ii) 95°C, 20s; (iii) 55°C, 30s ; (iv) 72°C, 30s; (v) Repeat (ii) ⁇ (iv) steps for 40 cycles; (vi 72 ° C, 7 min; (vii) 8 ° C, + ⁇ .
  • the standard curve preparation method is; (i) ⁇ competent cells were added to the ⁇ solution, and placed on ice for 30 min.
  • the mR A high expression peak of the functional microorganism AOB increases the system flow rate by about 1030% in the lh period before and after, and decreases the flow rate by about 2050% in the low expression period of the mRNA.
  • the total ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water in the system is ⁇ 3.0 mg/L, the system does not decelerate regardless of the expression of the microbial mRNA response of the biofilter.
  • an effect test was carried out on a recirculating aquaculture system in which the cultured object was Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus).
  • the constant speed running time is 33 days
  • the variable speed running time is 36 days
  • the variable speed control is realized by a frequency converter (VFD-015M).
  • the effect is shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Implementation effect of variable speed flow in actual circulating aquaculture system

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Abstract

公开了一种基于mRNA响应的循环水养殖系统变速流控制方法及系统,实现协同调控循环水养殖系统的生物滤器与微生物响应。通过获取功能微生物氨氧化菌AOB的mRNA实时表达量,在AOB的mRNA响应高表达时间段,提高系统流速,在响应低表达时间段,降低系统流速。从工厂化养殖水处理工艺与微生物响应协同调控的角度出发,解决了现有养殖水处理生物滤器处理效率低、运行能耗偏大等问题。

Description

,尤其涉及一种工 Γ化循环水养殖系统生 法。 工厂化循环水养殖系统因具有资源节约、 环境友好的特点, 己成为世界范 围内大力推崇发展的水产养殖模式。在超高密度集约化养殖条件下, 其系统的 核心处理技术为生物过滤, 方式主要为通过配置生物滤器, 利用定向富集在滤 料表面的微生物完成水体主要污染物总氨氮 TA Total Ammonia Nitrogen)与 亚硝酸盐 (ΝΌ2-— N)的去除。 其过程主要通过功能微生物群的硝化作 , 将总氮 氮 TAN等通过氨氧化细菌 AOB(Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria)具有的氨单加氧 酶催化氧化为羟胺, 再由羟胺氧化为中间产物亚硝酸盐, 最后由亚硝酸盐氧化 菌: OB(Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria)将亚硝酸氧化成对养殖对象相对无害的硝酸 盐(]^03^, 全反应限速步奏为式①, 相关化学简式如下:
NH3 + 02 + 2H+ ■→ NH2OH + H20 ①
N¾OH + H20 ― N02- + 5H— ②
NO2" + C02 + 0.5 02— NO3- ③ 在实际生产实践中, 系统养殖规模(饵料投喂量)与生物滤器的有效容积 均已固定, 其生物滤器总处理性能主要与流速有关。为维持高密度养殖负荷下 较适宜的水质条件, 系统运行过程需要较高的流速, 通常循环水养殖系统的水 力停留时间 HRT(Hydraulic Retention Time)为 0„5- lh, 即生物滤器日均循环 24 48次。
然而上述生物滤器恒速运行方法仍然面临如下弊端:在稳定运行的循环水 养殖系统内, 生物滤器内污染物总氨氮 ΊΆΝ主要源于养殖对象排氨, 而相关 的排氨速率则主要与饲料量及投喂节律有关, 系统水质日变化呈现相对 "峰 - 谷"浓度, 因此维持系统较高恒速流动, 虽可确保水质稳定, 但在污染物浓度 峰值时间段内, 生物滤器基质来源因流速恒定受限, 在谷值时间段, 则因低基 质浓度使其处于低效运行, 故生物滤器单次循环处理效率偏低。为达到总污染 物处理量, 系统需维持较高流速, 从而造成整体能耗偏高。
由于循环水养殖系统水体始终处于内部循环,故其某时间节点的污染物浓 度僮为养殖对象排氨、 生物滤器处理后的最终结果, 若以此为依据实现变速流 控制, 其信息来源滞后, 仅从表观层面被动改变系统流速, 无法有效提高系统 生物滤器单次处理效能, 其需依靠牺牲系统水质实现节能。
、 本 明的目的是克服现有技术的不足, 提供一种基于 mRNA响应的循环 水养殖系统变速流控制方法及系统, 从而实现循环水养殖系统运行节能降耗。
本发明通过检测单投喂周期内循环水养殖系统生物滤器内滤料表面功能 微生物 AOB编码氨单加氧酶的画 A基因的 mRNA响应表达量,在其高表达 时间段提髙系统流速,以供应更多基质 于其 mRNA转录,在低表达时间段, 降低流速实现节能。 由于 amoA基因的 mRNA编码产物为氨单加氧酶 (功能 蛋白质), 其作用为硝化过程催化总氨氮氧化为羟胺的限速步奏关键酶, 且蛋 白质的半衰期长于 mRNA半衰期, 故通过提升 mRNA高表达段的流速, 可促 使功能微生物 AOB实现氨单加氧酶的有效积累, 从而可为降低流速时间段生 物滤器仍具有较高处理性能奠定物质基础。 本发明依据上述原理, 进行生物滤 器精准调控与变速流运行, 通过提升其单次处理效能, 实现循环水养殖系统总 流量削减与节能。
一种基于 mRNA响应的循环水养殖系统变速流控制方法, 协同调控循环 水养殖系统的生物滤器与微生物响应,获取功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA实时表 达量, 在 AOB的 mRNA响应高表达时间段, 提高系统流速, 在响应低表达时 间段, 降低系统流速。
其实施的基本流程为:
1 )、 对投喂周期内的系统水质进行监测;
2 )、对投喂周期内生物滤器的滤料表面功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA响应表达水 平进行监 »
3 )、 分析得到投喂周期内功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA高表达与低表达时间段;
4)、 综合水质数据, 对功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA高表达峰值前后 lh时间段 提高系统流速 10-30%, 对 mRNA低表达时间段降低流速 20-50%。
所述的循环水养殖系统, 主要采用固液分离-生物净化两级处理手段去除系 统污染物, 且运行稳定。 所述的循环水养殖系统, 其单投喂周期内饵料投加量 A (kg>与生物滤器有效容 积 B (m3)间的比值, A/B < 6。67。
所述的 AOB的 mRNA响应高表达与低表达判断依据, 高表达值 C 与低表 达值 D 间的比值 C/D≥5, 或具有统计学差异 ( Ρ < 0Λ ), 所述的表达僮单位 为碱基拷贝数 4ig RNA。
所述的系统内水体总氨氮 TAN(Tbtal Ammonia Nitrogen)浓度≥ 3.0mg/L时, 无论生物滤器功能微生物 AOB的 mR A响应表达情况, 系统运行均不减速。
一种采用所述方法的循环水养殖系统, 采用变速流控制的装置。
本发明的有益效果是,通过改变传统循环水养殖系统生物滤器的恒定流速 策略, 基于单喂食周期内功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA表达响应水平为参考, 以 分别提升 mRNA高表达段流速及降低 mRNA低表达段流速为控制措施, 实现 生物滤器单次循环处理效率提升。本发明克服了传统循环水养殖系统运行过程 生物滤器运行策略粗放、 整体能耗偏高等弊端, 具有节能增效、 可实现工程化 运用等诸多优点。
fi图说明
图 1是基于 mRNA响应的循环水养殖系统变速流控制方法实施流程图。
、 Ϊ附图 1所示, 本发明可以通过以下技术方案来实现的:
1、 本发明的实施对象为循环水养殖系统, 其主要为系统污染物去除依靠固液 分离-生物净化两级处理手段, 且运行稳定。 系统内养殖生物量波动小, 投喂 周期与节律固定。
2、 循环水系统单投喂周期水质状况监测, 方法为至投喂时间点伊始, 每间隔 111测定水质中 TAN含量, 取样点一般建议需至少包括 3处 (养殖池 2处、生物 滤器 1处), 测定持续时间 24h, 测定方法可采用萘氏试剂法等国标标准方法, 要求测定精度为 0.1 mg/L。
3、 生物滤器内功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA响应表达监测, 其实施方法为: 一、 样品前处理
(1) 至投喂时间点伊始,每间隔 Ih取生物滤器内环装滤料 3个或微珠滤料 30ml, 并立即加入商用 RNA保护液 5ml。 (2)将样品放置在磁力振荡器上震荡 lOmin后, 在离心机上高速离心 5min后 (运行条件 4Ό, 12000转), 弃去上清 液后, 将生物膜泥样重悬浮至 2ml商 RNA保护液, 并存储在- 80 C待用。
二、 样品 RN A提取与反转录 cDNA (1)采用商用 RNA试剂盒进行样品 RNA提取, 流程依照试剂盒说明书操 作。(2)将提取的总 RNA采用商用试剂盒反转录为 cDNA,反应条件为 42。 (, lb; 70 °C, 15min; 8°C, +∞。
三、 功能微生物氨氧化细菌 AOB的 mR A的绝对定量 (Rt- qPCR)
(1) 以功能微生物氨氧化细菌 AOB的氨单加氧醇编码段 amoA基因为目 标区, 选用弓 I物为 amoA- 1 F /amoA-2R (GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT/
CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC)进行扩增, PCR反应条件为: (i) 95。C, 5mm; (ii)95°C,20s; (iii) 55°C, 30s; (iv)72°C,30s; (v) 重复 (ii)〜(iv)步奏 40个循环; (vi) 72°C,7min; (vii)8°C, +∞. (2) 标准曲线制备方法为; (i)在 ΙΟμΙϋΝΑ溶 液中加入 ΙΟΟμΙ感受态细胞中, 冰上放置 30min。 然后 42Ό加热 45s后, 再在 冰中放置 Imin; (ii)加入 890μ1 SOC培养基, 37°C振荡培养 60min; (iii)取 ΙΟΟμΙ 细菌培养液均匀涂布在含有氨 青霉素的 LB琼脂培养基平板上, 37C倒置过 夜培养; (w)挑选白色菌落, 使用 PCR法确认载体中插入片段的长度大小。 (V) 采用商用质粒提取试剂盒提取克隆质粒,并用微量紫外外分光光度计测定质粒 浓度, 以梯度稀释的克隆质粒制备标注曲线。 (3) 以标准曲线计算各样品氨氧 化功能菌 AOB的 mRNA绝对丰度, 单位为 (碱基拷贝数 / g RNA:。
4、 单喂食周期内样品功能菌 AOB的 mRNA表达程度鉴定
(1)将各时间节点监测的功能菌 AOB的 mRNA绝对表达量以日寸间序列绘 制曲线图, 寻找曲线上的 "高表达值"与 "低表达值"。 (2)将高表达值 C (碱 基拷贝数 / gRNA)与低表达值 D (碱基拷贝数 / gRNA)间的比值进行计算, 若 C/D≥5, 或具有统 ·学差异 (P<0.1), 则认为该时间点即为高表达值与低表达 值。连续 2个以上高表达值或低表达值即可认为是高表达时间段或低表达时间 段。
5、 基于 mRNA响应的生物滤器流速调节
(1) 综合水质数据, 对功能微生物 AOB的 mR A高表达峰僮前后 lh时间 段提高系统流速约 1030%,对 mRNA低表达时间段降低流速约 2050%。(2) 当 系统内水体总氨氮 ΊΆΝ浓度≥ 3.0mg/L时, 无论生物滤器功能微生物 mRNA 响应表达情况, 系统运行均不减速。 依据本发明方法, 对养殖对象为尼罗罗非鱼 (OreochromisNiloticus) 的循 环水养殖系统进行了效果检验。其中恒速运行时间 33天,变速运行时间 36天, 变速控制以某变频器 (VFD- 015M) 实现, 效果如表 1所示。 表 1 实际循环水养殖系统变速流实施效果
Figure imgf000006_0001
最后需要说明的是: 以上实施例仅 以说明本发明的技术方案, 而非对其 限制; 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明, 本领域的普通技术人 员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所描述的技术方案进行修改或对其中 部分技术进行同等替换; 而这些修改或替换, 并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离 本发明各实施技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims

1、 一种基于 mRNA响应的循环水养殖系统变速流控制方法, 其特征在于, 协 同调控循环水养殖系统的生物滤器与微生物响应, 获取功能微生物 AOB的
A响应高表达时间段, 提高系统流速, 在
Figure imgf000007_0001
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 实施的基本流程为:
1 )、 对投喂周期内的系统水质进行监测;
2 )、对投喂周期内生物滤器内滤料表面功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA响应表达水 平进行监测;
3 )、 分析得到投喂周期内功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA高表达与低表达时间段;
4)、 综合水质数据, 对功能微生物 AOB的 mRNA高表达峰值前后 111时间段 提高系统流速 10-30%, 对 mRNA低表达时间段降低流速 20-50%。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的循环水养殖系统, 主要 采用固液分离-生物净化两级处理手段去除系统污染物, i运行稳定。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的循环水养殖系统, 其单 投喂周期内饵料投加量 A (kg)与生物滤器有效容积 B (m3)间的比值, A/B < 6.67。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的 AOB的 mRNA响应高 表达与低表达判断依据, 高表达值 C 与低表达值 D 间的比值 C/D≥5, 或具 有统计学差异 (P < 0.1 ), 所述的表达值单位为碱基拷贝数 /fig RNA。
6、 根据权利要求〗
Figure imgf000007_0002
AOB的 mRNA响应表达情况, 系统运行均不减速。
7、 一种采用如权利要求 1所述方法的循环水养殖系统, 其特征在于, 采 ^变 速流控制的装置。
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