WO2016019279A1 - Dispositif de tamponnement de plaies présentant une surface nanotexturée - Google Patents

Dispositif de tamponnement de plaies présentant une surface nanotexturée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016019279A1
WO2016019279A1 PCT/US2015/043181 US2015043181W WO2016019279A1 WO 2016019279 A1 WO2016019279 A1 WO 2016019279A1 US 2015043181 W US2015043181 W US 2015043181W WO 2016019279 A1 WO2016019279 A1 WO 2016019279A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packing device
wound packing
spacing elements
connector
spacing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/043181
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gary MAHARAJ
Teryl L. Woodwick Sides
Original Assignee
Surmodics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/813,928 external-priority patent/US10201457B2/en
Application filed by Surmodics, Inc. filed Critical Surmodics, Inc.
Priority to CA2956635A priority Critical patent/CA2956635A1/fr
Priority to JP2017505516A priority patent/JP2017522140A/ja
Priority to MX2017001440A priority patent/MX2017001440A/es
Priority to EP15759568.7A priority patent/EP3174562A1/fr
Publication of WO2016019279A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016019279A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/44—Medicaments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/56—Wetness-indicators or colourants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
    • A61L2300/104—Silver, e.g. silver sulfadiazine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • A61L2300/204—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials with nitrogen-containing functional groups, e.g. aminoxides, nitriles, guanidines
    • A61L2300/208—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
    • A61L2300/406—Antibiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/12—Nanosized materials, e.g. nanofibres, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes; Nanostructured surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wound packing devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to wound packing devices with nanotextured surfaces and methods of making and using the same.
  • Wound care is critical to ensure optimal healing of wounds and prevent infection. Wound healing includes sequential phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Specific types of wounds require special care in order to reach optimal results.
  • abscesses and/or infections can occur deep in the wound bed if the outermost portion of the wound heals over too quickly.
  • Materials used to treat wounds include creams, foams, gels, ointments, pads, pastes, powders, or other materials. Some of these may include an antimicrobial that can be released into the wound bed.
  • Embodiments of the invention include wound packing devices with nanotextured surfaces and methods of making and using the same.
  • the invention includes a wound packing device including a plurality of spacing elements having a nanotextured surface. The surface of the spacing elements can resist colonization by microorganisms.
  • the wound packing device can also include a connector connecting the plurality of spacing elements to one another.
  • the invention includes a wound packing device including a plurality of spacing elements, the spacing elements including a nanotextured surface.
  • the wound packing device can also include a container, the plurality of spacing elements disposed within the container.
  • the invention includes a method of making a wound packing device.
  • the method can include forming a plurality of spacing elements, the spacing elements including a nanotextured surface.
  • the method can further include mounting the plurality of spacing elements on a connector.
  • the invention can include a wound packing kit.
  • the kit can include a plurality of spacing elements, the spacing elements including a nanotextured surface.
  • the spacing elements can include a surface that resists colonization by microorganisms.
  • the kit can further include a connector connecting the plurality of spacing elements to one another; the connector comprising a fitting to allow for the number of spacing elements connected to one another by the connector to be modified by an end user.
  • the invention can include a method of treating wounds.
  • the method can include dispensing a wound packing device from a sterile package.
  • the wound packing device can include a plurality of spacing elements, the spacing elements including a nanotextured surface, the plurality of spacing elements configured to absorb exudate, and a connector connecting the plurality of spacing elements to one another.
  • the method can further include inserting the wound packing device into a wound bed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a connector in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a connector in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a connector in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a connector segment and a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic view of connector segments and spacing elements attached to one another in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a plurality of spacing elements disposed within a container in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a plurality of spacing elements disposed with a packing material inside of a container in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a device in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spacing element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • Embodiments of the invention include wound packing devices that are effective for wound care management.
  • a wound packing device including a nanotextured surface is included.
  • nanotextured refers to surface characteristics on a nanometer scale.
  • Surface characteristics can include surface topology or roughness, surface charge and/or hydrophobicity.
  • surfaces herein can be characterized by one or more of surface roughness, surface charge, and/or hydrophobicity that can decrease, inhibit, and/or reduce the ability of microorganisms, and in particular bacteria, to adhere to, proliferate on, and/or colonize the surface.
  • Some embodiments of the invention include beaded wound spacer devices having multiple beads connected by a non-absorbable suture material.
  • the beads and/or suture material can have surface nanotexturing characteristics to provide advantages as described herein.
  • Exemplary beaded wound spacer devices include devices of various polymeric materials that are conducive to etching or scoring to produce a nanotextured surface. Without being limiting, examples of such beaded wound spacer devices are described in US Pats. 8,685,421 and 8,697,106 (both to Kloke et al.), the entire content of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
  • the nanotextured surface can take the appearance of etching on the surface of the medical device, for example in the geometry or structural features of lines, points, hills, mounds, valleys, slopes and the like and distances between such geometries and structural features of various nanometer dimensions such as height and/or width and or length and/or depth having dimensions in the range from about 1 nanometer to about 1000 nanometers.
  • nanoscale features within the scope herein include those having dimensions between about 10 nanometers to about 900 nanometers, about 100 nanometers to about 500 nanometers, about 1 nanometer to about 100 nanometers, about 10 nanometers to about 50 nanometers, about 1 nanometer to about 10 nanometers, about 1 nanometer to about 5 nanometers, about 10 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, and any ranges in between the above ranges.
  • the lines of etching are spaced about 600 nm from each other. In other embodiments the lines of etching are spaced about 500 nm from each other.
  • nanotextured surfaces can be formed in various ways. Aspects of nanotextured surface are described in U.S. Publ. Appl. No.
  • material can be removed from a surface to leave a nanotextured surface.
  • material can be deposited onto a surface to create a nanotextured surface.
  • the same or different from the material of the substrate surface can be deposited on the surface of the substrate using deposition methods including, but not limited to, sputtering, vapor deposition, spraying, and the like.
  • a surface can be stamped, molded, pressed, or otherwise imprinted or contacted with a surface of another object to create a nanotextured surface. Additionally the surface can be chemically etched or mechanically polished to achieve the desired nanotextured surface.
  • antimicrobial activity can be imparted to surfaces of natural, biocompatible, biodegradable or synthetic polymeric materials (for example, but not limited to, chitosan, nylon and polyethylene terephthalate) by production of nanostructured surfaces.
  • exemplary processes include, but are not limited to, plasma treatment, or plasma treatment followed by treatment with organic fullerene [60] derivatives.
  • the resulting nanostructured surfaces produced using these processes exhibit increased antimicrobial activity when compared with "untreated" control surfaces (Plasma Process. Polym.; New Antimicrobial Materials Based on Polymers with Nanostructured Surface Modified by Organic Fullerene [60]
  • a portion of the substrate surface can be removed by action of a nano-roughing agent.
  • Mechanisms for removing material from a substrate surface include abraiding, degrading, dissolution, etching and the like to produce a nanometer scale surface roughness.
  • Particular methods include contacting the surface of the substrate with a device that will remove material from the substrate surface, such as by friction or abrasion.
  • a liquid or gaseous material can be applied to the surface of the substrate to degrade, dissolve or etch away material from the surface of the substrate to produce a nanometer scale surface roughness.
  • Such treatments are referred to as chemical treatments and include liquid or gaseous materials such as acids, bases, lipases, dichloroethylene and xylene and the like.
  • Exemplary nano-roughing agents include one or more of an acid, a base, an alcohol, a peroxide, isoamyl acetate, dichloromethane, isoamyl acetate with zinc,
  • dichloromethane with zinc acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, triflic acid, hydrogen peroxide, dichloroethylene, xylene, bacterial lipases, and the like.
  • bacterial lipase solutions are used to produce a nanometer scale surface roughness on a substrate.
  • substrate surfaces are contacted with lipases, for example from C. cilindracea and R. arrhisus, in a manner to cause enzymatic degradation of the substrate and nanometer scale features on the surface of the substrate.
  • lipases for example from C. cilindracea and R. arrhisus
  • a method is provided to create a nanometer scale surface roughness having antibacterial properties by contacting the surface of a substrate with one or more lipases for a period of time to allow enzymatic degradation of surface materials thereby creating nanometer scale features on the surface of the substrate.
  • other useful lipases include those from Candida rugosa, Thermus thermophilus, Candida Antarctica, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sp,
  • Burkholderia sp Candida utilis, Chromobacterium viscosum, Mucor javanicus, Penicillium roqueforti, Pseudomonas cepacia and the like.
  • Other useful lipases and etchants include phospholipases, sphingomyelinases, hepatic lipase, endothelial lipase, lipoprotein lipase, bile salt dependent lipase, pancreatic lipase, lysosomal lipase, hormone- sensitive lipase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase related protein 2, pancreatic lipase related protein 1 , lingual lipase and the like.
  • the wound packing device 100 includes a plurality of spacing elements 102 and a connector 104 connecting the plurality of spacing elements 102 to one another.
  • the wound packing device 100 can include from about 4 to 50 spacing elements 102. However, it will be appreciated that other numbers of spacing elements 102 can be included in other embodiments.
  • the spacing elements 102 can be of various shapes and sizes.
  • the surface of the spacing elements 102 can be substantially smooth. In other embodiments, the surface of the spacing elements 102 can be textured. In some embodiments the surface of the spacing elements 102 can include grooves.
  • the spacing elements 102 can be sized such that their major dimension is from about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm. For example, in some embodiments the major diameter of the spacing elements 102 can be from about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm.
  • the surface of the spacing elements 102 is deformable. In other embodiments, the surface of the spacing elements 102 is substantially rigid.
  • the distance 106 between adjacent spacing elements 102 along connector 104 in some embodiments can be at least equal to the largest dimension of the spacing elements 102. In some embodiments, the distance 106 between adjacent spacing elements along the connector is at least equal to the diameter of the spacing elements 102. In various embodiments, the distance 106 between adjacent spacing elements can be greater than 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, or in some cases even greater than 25 mm. In yet other embodiments, distances 106 between spacing elements 102 can vary along the total length of the wound packing device 100. That is, the connectors 104 can be of various sizes along a single wound packing device 100. In some embodiments the connector has a diameter of about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm. In some embodiments the connector has a length of about 5 cm to about 200 cm.
  • the surface of the spacing elements and/or the connector can be configured to resist colonization by microorganisms.
  • the surface of the spacing elements and/or connector can have antimicrobial activity.
  • the surface of the spacing elements and/or connector can include silver ions or graphene.
  • the surface of the spacing elements and/or connector can include quaternary amines.
  • the surface of the spacing elements and/or connector can include tobramycin.
  • the surface of the spacing elements and/or connector can include aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as tobramycin, vancomycin, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, and apramycin.
  • aminoglycoside antibiotics such as tobramycin, vancomycin, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, and apramycin.
  • Other active agents on or in the surface of the spacing elements can include, for example, various modified aryls, and cationic steroidal antibiotics.
  • Suitable active agents on or in the surface include, for example, antimicrobial peptides such as those taught in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,714,577
  • Antimicrobial peptides include 5,945,507 (Antimicrobial peptides); 6,835,713 (Virus derived antimicrobial peptides); and 6,887,847 (Virus derived antimicrobial peptides), all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • the spacing element comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamide, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ether blocked amides) (PEBAX), polyurethane, silicone, nylon, fluoropolymers and combinations thereof.
  • the spacing elements can be composed of a medical grade polymer.
  • the plurality of spacing elements 102 can be capable of absorbing exudate from a wound bed. In some embodiments, each spacing element 102 can be capable of absorbing an amount of exudate equal to at least the weight of the spacing element 102. In some embodiments, each spacing element 102 can be capable of absorbing an amount of exudate that is equal to a multiple of the weight of the spacing element 102. For example, in some embodiments each spacing element 102 can be capable of absorbing an amount of exudate that is equal to at least 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, or 5 times the weight of the spacing element 102.
  • the plurality of connectors 104 can also be capable of absorbing exudate from a wound bed.
  • each connector 104 can be capable of absorbing an amount of exudate equal to at least the weight of the connector 104.
  • each connector 104 can be capable of absorbing an amount of exudate that is equal to a multiple of the weight of the connector 104.
  • each connector 104 can be capable of absorbing an amount of exudate that is equal to at least 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, or 5 times the weight of the connector 104.
  • the connector 104 can be flexible.
  • the connector 104 can bend freely in some embodiments so that the wound packing device 100 can assume a bunched or compacted configuration.
  • the wound packing device 100 is sufficiently flexible to be bent into a U-shape.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic view of the wound packing device 100 is shown with the connector 104 bent in several places such that the wound packing device is curved and the spacing elements 102 are no longer in a straight line. In some embodiments the spacing elements 102 cannot be in the same plane due to the orientation of the bent connectors 104.
  • the wound packing device can include a structural feature in order to secure the wound packing device to something else, secure an end of the wound packing device back onto itself or secure the wound packing device to another wound packing device.
  • an end of the wound packing device can include a loop of material that can be used to attach the wound packing device to something else, another wound packing device or back onto itself.
  • the wound packing device 300 includes a plurality of spacing elements 302 and a connector 304.
  • the wound packing device 300 also includes a loop 308 of material which can be used to affix the end of the wounding packing device 300 to something else.
  • a user can pass a suture through the loop 308 in order to secure the wound packing device 300 to something else.
  • suture material can be passed through loop 308 to secure the wound packing device 300 for easy removal from a wound.
  • the loop 308 can be passed over the other end of the wound packing device so that the two opposite ends of the wound packing device 300 are held adjacent to one another.
  • a first wound packing device can be attached to a second wound packing device to extend the length of the wound packing device.
  • the attachment can be achieved using a spacing element coupling device.
  • FIG. 3A a schematic view of a wound packing device 350 is shown in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • the wound packing device 350 includes spacing elements 302 and connectors 304.
  • the wound packing device 350 includes a spacing element coupling device 352.
  • one end of the spacing element coupling device 352 can be appropriately sized to slip over connector 304 and retain the spacing element 302 on one end of a first wound packing device and the other unoccupied end of the spacing element coupling device 352 can slip over the spacing element 302 of a second wound packing device, resulting in an extended wound packing device 350.
  • the spacing element coupling device 352 can be similar in function to metal light pull chain extenders used to extend light pull chains on household light pull switches.
  • the wound packing device can include a reservoir to retain wound exudate.
  • the reservoir is an external structure separate from other components of the wound packing device.
  • the reservoir is a structure disposed within the spacing elements or the connector.
  • FIG. 4 a schematic view of a wound packing device 400 is shown in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • the wound packing device 400 includes a plurality of spacing elements 402 and a connector 404.
  • the wound packing device 400 also includes a reservoir 410.
  • the reservoir 410 can define an interior volume that can retain exudate material.
  • the connector 404 can include a lumen or channel that can be in fluid communication with the reservoir 410, and exudate can pass through the connector 404 into the reservoir 410.
  • the spacing elements can be disposed along the connector in series with one another. In some embodiments, the spacing elements can be disposed along the connector such that one or more spacing elements are disposed in parallel with one or more other spacing elements.
  • the connector can be one continuous piece or it can include multiple segments or branches. Referring now to FIG. 5, a schematic view of a wound packing device in accordance with various embodiments of the invention is shown.
  • the wound packing device 500 can include a plurality of spacing elements 502 and connectors 504.
  • the connector 504 can include a first branch 512, a second branch 514, and a third branch 516, that intersect one another at a point 518 on the connector 504.
  • Wound packing devices herein can include one or more fittings to facilitate attachment and/or removal of segments that include spacing elements so that the total amount of spacing elements or the volume of spacing elements can be easily adjusted.
  • FIG. 6 a wound packing device 600 is shown in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • the wound packing device 600 can include a plurality of spacing elements 602 and a connector 604.
  • the connector 604 can include a first branch 612, a second branch 614, and a third branch 616.
  • the wound packing device 600 can include fittings 620. Manipulation of the fittings 620 can allow the branches to be easily removed, or reattached after being removed.
  • the fittings 620 can take on various forms.
  • the fittings 620 can include a pair of threaded elements that fit together.
  • the fittings 620 can include a compression tube fitting (e.g. SWAGELOK fitting), a luer taper fitting, threaded fittings or the like.
  • Other fittings include couplers, 3-way joints (e.g. "T's), 4-way joints (e.g. crosses) and end caps
  • the spacing element 700 can include a core portion 702 of material that can be effective to absorb exudate.
  • the spacing element 700 is swellable.
  • the spacing element 700 can be comprised of a porous material for the core portion 702.
  • the spacing element 700 includes a fluid sequestering material.
  • the spacing element 700 can define a central channel or lumen 704. The connector (not shown in this view) can pass through the lumen 704.
  • the terms “absorbent” or “absorbing” materials as used herein includes materials that are capable of adsorbent, adsorbing, retention or retaining of a fluid.
  • Materials of the core portion can include hydrophilic absorbent polymers such as polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamides, polysaccharides (e.g. alginates), terpolymers (for example copolymers of lactide, glycolide and caprolactone), hydrogels, PEG, PVA, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate), hyaluronic acid and the like.
  • the hydrophilic absorbent polymers may be crosslinked.
  • the core portion can include a polyure thane foam.
  • the core portion can include hygroscopic agents that promote absorption of water.
  • the surface of the spacing elements can be chemically modified in order to change the characteristics of the surface of the spacing elements.
  • a modifying compound can be covalently bonded to the surface of the spacing elements. It will be appreciated that there are many different techniques through which a modifying compound could be covalently bonded to the surface of the spacing elements.
  • One approach can be to use a compound with a thermoreactive group which can covalently bond to the surface after being activated by application of heat.
  • Another exemplary approach can be to use a compound with a photoreactive group which can covalently bond to the surface after being activated.
  • Photoreactive groups respond to specific applied external stimuli to undergo active specie generation with resultant covalent bonding to an adjacent chemical surface.
  • a photoreactive group can be activated and can abstract a hydrogen atom from an alkyl group. A covalent bond can then form between the compound with the photoreactive group and the compound with the C-H bond.
  • Suitable photoreactive groups are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,002,582;
  • Exemplary photoreactive groups that can be pendent from the coatings, materials, or surfaces of the wound packing device include those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,414,075 and in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/490,994 (to Swan et al. and filed June 7, 2012), the disclosures of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • This material includes a chemical backbone having attached to it one or more first latent reactive groups and one or more second latent reactive groups, each of the first and second latent reactive groups being attached to the backbone in such a manner that, upon activation of the latent reactive groups in the presence of a support surface, a) the first latent reactive groups are capable of covalently bonding to the support surface, and b) upon bonding of the first latent reactive groups to the surface, the second latent reactive groups are; i) restricted from reacting with either a spacer or the support surface, ii) capable of reverting to their inactive state, and iii) upon reverting to their inactive state, are thereafter capable of being reactivated in order to later bind a target molecule, thereby attaching the target molecule to the surface.
  • the chemical backbone of such a multifunctional reagent is a single tetrahedral carbon atom.
  • Attached to the central carbon are four identical latent reactive groups, in the form of photoreactive groups, each attached via identical spacer chains. Upon exposure to a suitable light source, each of the latent reactive groups are subject to activation.
  • the reagent is restricted, in that a maximum of three of the four activated latent reactive groups on any given preferred reagent molecule are able to attach to the support surface.
  • the remaining unreacted group(s) are thus able to revert to their inactive state.
  • the unreacted group(s) can be reactivated in the presence of a target molecule, in order to covalently bond the target molecule to the surface.
  • the reagent of the present invention involves a chemical backbone having attached to it one or more first latent reactive groups capable of attaching to a surface, and one or more second latent reactive groups capable of attaching to a target molecule intended for immobilization.
  • first and second latent reactive groups, and respective spacers can be the same or different.
  • first and second latent reactive groups may actually be accomplished at the time of the first activation step, i.e., those groups that are activated and attach to the surface will be considered “first" latent reactive groups, and those that remain unreacted (whether or not they have been activated) will be considered “second" latent reactive groups.
  • the first and second latent reactive groups are preferably attached to the backbone by spacer chains in such a manner that, upon activation of the latent reactive groups in the presence of a support surface, the first latent reactive groups are capable of covalently bonding to the surface.
  • the second latent reactive groups are thereby conformationally restricted, thus preventing reaction with either their spacers, other restricted reagents of the same type, or the support surface.
  • the second latent reactive groups are capable of reverting to their inactive state and can thereafter be activated (or reactivated, as the case may be) to covalently bond a target molecule.
  • the invention provides a core molecule containing four dimethyleneoxy groups bonded as spacers to a central tetrahedral carbon atom, the carbon atom serving in this instance as the chemical backbone.
  • the backbone, spacers, and latent reactive groups are described herein, for the sake of simplicity, as being distinct portions of the reagent of the present invention. In the chemical synthesis of a reagent however, these portions will rarely be provided as three independent precursors. Instead, and most often, the portion referred to herein as the spacer will be formed as the result of the reaction between two molecules, one that contains the core molecule and another that contains the latent reactive group.
  • the reagent is able to attach up to three of its photoreactive groups to a surface upon photoactivation. Being conformationally restricted, and thus unable to interact with the support surface or the spacers, any remaining photoreactive group(s) are able to return to their inactive states upon removal of fight, once again being capable of activation by subsequent illumination.
  • reagents of the present invention can be prepared having any suitable chemical (e.g., organic and/or inorganic) backbone structure, including those that employ a single atom, such as silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and any other atom with four or more bonds nonplanar with respect to one another.
  • molecules having conformationally restricted ring structures such as inositol, i.e., hexahydroxy cyclohexane
  • inositol i.e., hexahydroxy cyclohexane
  • latent reactive groups in both axial and equatorial positions.
  • polyhydroxylated compounds such as mono- and di-saccharides, and cyclodextrins, are suitable as well, in that they offer alternative opportunities to create other multisubstituted reagents having varying placements and densities of latent reactive groups.
  • Spacers useful in the reagent of the present invention can be bonded to the tetrahedral atom and can be of any suitable length and structure.
  • a "spacer”, as used herein, refers to that region of a reagent between a latent reactive group and a chemical backbone. The use of spacers is optional, and would not be necessary, for instance, for such compounds as acylated derivatives of tetraphenylmethane having the structure shown below as Formula II:
  • a “latent reactive group”, as used herein, refers to a chemical group that responds to an applied external energy source in order to undergo active specie generation, resulting in covalent bonding to an adjacent chemical structure (e.g., an abstractable hydrogen). Preferred groups are sufficiently stable to be stored under conditions in which they retain such properties. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,002,582, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Latent reactive groups can be chosen that are responsive to various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, with those responsive to ultraviolet and visible portions of the spectrum (referred to herein as "photoreactive") being particularly preferred.
  • Photoreactive aryl ketones such as acetophenone and benzophenone, or their derivatives, are preferred, since these functional groups, typically, are readily capable of undergoing the activation/inactivation/reactivation cycle described herein.
  • Benzophenone is a particularly preferred photoreactive group, since it is capable of photochemical excitation with the initial formation of an excited singlet state that undergoes intersystem crossing to the triplet state.
  • the excited triplet state can insert into carbon-hydrogen bonds by abstraction of a hydrogen atom (from a support surface, for example), thus creating a radical pair. Subsequent collapse of the radical pair leads to formation of a new carbon-carbon bond. If a reactive bond (e.g., carbon- hydrogen) is not available for bonding, the ultraviolet light-induced excitation of the benzophenone group is reversible and the molecule returns to ground state energy level upon removal of the energy source. Hence, photoreactive aryl ketones are suitable.
  • a linking agent suitable for use in the present material is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,714,360, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a chemical linking agent including a di- or higher functional photoactivatable charged compound can be employed.
  • This linking agent provides at least one group that is charged under the conditions of use in order to provide improved water solubility.
  • the agent further provides two or more photoactivatable groups in order to allow the agent to be used as a cross-linking agent in aqueous systems.
  • the charge is provided by the inclusion of one or more quaternary ammonium radicals, and the photoreactive groups are provided by two or more radicals of an aryl ketone such as benzophenone.
  • the invention provides a linking agent of the general formula: X-Y-X; wherein each X, independently, is a radical containing a photoreactive group and Y is a radical containing, inter alia, one or more charged groups.
  • the number and/or type of charged group(s) is sufficient to provide the molecule with sufficient aqueous solubility to allow the agent to be used (i.e., applied to a surface and activated) in a solvent system having water as a major component.
  • Y contains one or more nitrogen-containing (e.g., quaternary ammonium) groups.
  • Y contains a linear or heterocyclic radical selected from the group consisting of:
  • each R independently is a radical containing an alkylene, oxyalkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, or aralkylene group
  • each R 2 independently is a radical containing an alkyl, oxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group
  • each R 3 independently is either a non-bonding pair of electrons, a hydrogen atom, or a radical of the same definition as R 2 , in which the R 1 , R 2 and R 3 groups can contain noninterfering heteroatoms such as O, N, S, P and the like, and/or noninterfering substituents such as halo (e.g., CI) and the like.
  • one or more R 2 radicals contains an aralkyl group in the form of a photoactivatable aryl ketone.
  • These groups in addition to the two photoactivatable groups provided by the above-defined X groups, can be used to provide the "triphoto", "tetraphoto” and higher order photoactivatable groups described herein.
  • the use of three or more total photoreactive groups provides the linking agent with further ability to cross-link the agent to a target molecule and/or to a surface.
  • the R 2 and R 3 groups of the above linear radicals can, in effect, be fused (e.g., an R 2 and an R 3 on a single N atom, or a suitable combination of R 2 /R 3 groups on adjacent N atoms) in order to form heterocyclic structures other than those exemplified above.
  • the specific choice and relationship between R groups in a linking agent of the present invention is not critical, so long as the linking agent provides two or more photoactivatable groups and retains sufficient water solubility for its intended use.
  • a water-soluble, linking agent suitable for use as the present device is described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/074537 (Kurdyumov et al.; filed 3/29/2011), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the linking agent can have the formula Photo '-LG- Photo 2 , wherein Photo 1 and Photo 2 , independently, represent at least one photoreactive group and LG represents a linking group.
  • one or more photoreactive groups include an aryl ketone.
  • one or more photoreactive groups include benzophenone.
  • the linking group includes one or more silicon atoms or one or more phosphorus atoms, wherein each photoreactive group is independently bonded to the linking group by a covalent linkage that includes at least one heteroatom.
  • at least one heteroatom is selected from oxygen, nitrogen, selenium, sulfur, or a combination thereof.
  • at least one photoreactive group, heteroatom and linking group form an ether or an amine.
  • the linking group includes one silicon atom covalently bonded to at least two photoreactive groups. In another embodiment, the linking group includes at least two silicon atoms. In another embodiment, the linking group has the formula Si-Y-Si, wherein Y represents a linker that can be null, an amine, ether, linear or branched Ci-Cio alkyl, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, Y is selected from O, CH 2 , OCH 2 CH 2 0 and 0(CH 2 CH 2 0) n , wherein n is an integer between 1 and 5, between 1 and 10, between 1 and 15, between 1 and 20, between 1 and 25, or between 1 and 30.
  • the linking group includes one or more phosphorester bonds and/or one or more phosphoramide bonds wherein one or more phosphorester and/or one or more phosphoramide bonds form a covalent bond with at least one photoreactive group, such that the linking group includes at least two photoreactive groups.
  • the linking group is covalently attached to three photoreactive groups, wherein each photoreactive group is covalently bonded to the linking group by a phosphorester or phosphoramide bond.
  • the linking agent includes one or more photoreactive groups and a linking group, wherein each photoreactive group is independently attached to the linking group by a linkage.
  • the linking agent includes two or more photoreactive groups.
  • the linking agent includes three or more photoreactive groups.
  • the linking agent includes one or more photoreactive groups attached to a linking group.
  • the linking agent can be represented by the formula Photo'-LG- Photo 2 , wherein Photo 1 and Photo 2 independently represent at least one photoreactive group and LG represents a linking group.
  • the term "linking group” as used herein, refers to a segment or group of molecules configured to connect two or more molecule to each another, wherein the linking group is capable of degrading under one or more conditions.
  • the linking group includes at least one silicon atom.
  • the linking group includes at least one phosphorus atom.
  • the term "linking group” as used herein, refers to a moiety configured to connect one molecule to another, wherein the linking group is capable of cleavage under one or more conditions.
  • biodegradable refers to degradation in a biological system, and includes for example, enzymatic degradation or hydrolysis. It should be noted that the term “degradable” as used herein includes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic (or chemical) degradation. It is also understood that hydrolysis can occur in the presence of or without an acid or base.
  • the linking agent is water soluble. In another embodiment, the linking agent is not water soluble.
  • the linking group can function as a spacer, for example, to increase the distance between the photoreactive groups of the linking agent.
  • a spacer for example, to reduce steric hindrance that may result between the photoreactive groups, which could interfere with the ability of the photoreactive groups to form covalent bonds with a support surface, or from serving as a photoinitiator for polymerization.
  • one or more photoreactive groups can be bonded to a linking group by a linkage.
  • photoreactive group and the linking group includes at least one heteroatom, including, but not limited to oxygen, nitrogen, selenium, sulfur or a combination thereof.
  • a photoreactive group, linking group and heteroatom form an ether (R 1 - O-R 2 ), wherein R 1 is a photoreactive group and R 2 is a linking group.
  • a photoreactive group, linking group and heteroatom form an amine,
  • R 1 is a photoreactive group
  • R 2 is a linking group
  • R 3 is hydrogen, aryl or alkyl, a photoreactive group, or a hydroxyl or salt thereof.
  • R 3 is cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • the stability of the ether and/or amine linkage can be influenced depending upon the size (e.g., chain length, branching, bulk, etc.) of the substituents. For example, bulkier substituents will generally result in a more stable linkage (i.e., a linking agent that is slower to degrade in the presence of water and/or acid).
  • the linking group includes one or more silicon atoms.
  • the linking group includes one silicon atom (which can be referred to as a monosilane) covalently bonded to at least two photoreactive groups.
  • the linking group includes at least two silicon atoms (which can be referred to as a disilane).
  • the linking group can be represented by the formula Si-Y-Si, wherein Y represents a linker that can be null (e.g., the linking group includes a direct Si-Si bond), an amine, ether, linear or branched Ci-Cio alkyl, or a combination thereof.
  • Y is selected from O, CH 2 , OCH 2 CH 2 0, 0(CH(CH3)CH 2 0) n , and 0(CH 2 CH 2 0) n , wherein n is an integer between 1 and 5, between 1 and 10, between 1 and 15, between 1 and 20, between 1 and 25, or between 1 and 30.
  • a disilane linking agent is shown below
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 8 and R 9 can be any substitution, including, but not limited to H, alkyl, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or a combination thereof;
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 6 and R 7 can be alkyl, aryl or a combination thereof;
  • R 5 can be any substitution, including but not limited to O, alkyl or a combination thereof; and each X, independently, can be O, N, Se, S, or alkyl, or a combination thereof.
  • the linking agent can be represented by the formula 1 3
  • Photo 1 and Photo 2 independently, represent one or more photoreactive groups and n is an integer between 1 and 10, wherein the linking agent comprises a covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group, wherein the covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group is interrupted by at least one heteroatom.
  • the linking agent comprises a covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group, wherein the covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group is interrupted by at least one heteroatom.
  • a longer hydrocarbon chain between the two silicon atoms will tend to increase the flexibility of the linking agent and may facilitate crosslinking between a greater number of polymers than a linking agent with a shorter carbon chain, since the photoreactive groups can react with polymers located farther apart from one another.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are independently alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R'-R 4 are independently phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • R'-R 4 can also be, independently, a photoreactive group.
  • R'-R 4 can also be, independently, hydroxyl or salt thereof.
  • the hydroxyl salt includes a counterion that is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • linking agent can be represented by the formula
  • Photo 1 and Photo 2 independently, represent one or more photoreactive group, wherein the linking agent comprises a covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group, wherein the covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group is interrupted by at least one heteroatom;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 can also be, independently, a photoreactive group, wherein the linking agent comprises a covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group, wherein the covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group is interrupted by at least one heteroatom; or hydroxyl or salt thereof.
  • the hydroxyl salt includes a counterion that is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 5 can be any substitution, including, but not limited to H, halogen, amine, hydroxyl, alkyl, or a combination thereof;
  • R 2 and R 4 can be any substitution, except OH, including, but not limited to H, alkyl or a combination thereof;
  • R 3 can be alkyl, aryl or a combination thereof;
  • X independently, can be O, N, Se, S, alkyl or a combination thereof.
  • the linking group includes one or more phosphorous atoms.
  • the linking group includes one phosphorus atom (which can also be referred to as a mono-phosphorus linking group).
  • the linking agent includes two phosphorus atoms (which can also be referred to as a bis-phosphorus linking group).
  • the linking agent can be represented by the formula: 0
  • Photo 1 and Photo 2 independently, represent one or more photoreactive groups
  • the linking agent comprises a covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group, wherein the covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group is interrupted by at least one heteroatom
  • R is alkyl or aryl, a photoreactive group, hydroxyl or salt thereof, or a combination thereof.
  • the hydroxyl salt includes a counterion that is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • R is cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R is phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • linking agent can be represented by formula:
  • Photo 1 and Photo 2 independently, represent one or more photoreactive groups
  • the linking agent comprises a covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group, wherein the covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group is interrupted by at least one heteroatom and R is alkyl or aryl, a photoreactive group (wherein the covalent linkage between the photoreactive group and the linking group may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom), hydroxyl or salt thereof, or a combination thereof.
  • the hydroxyl salt includes a counterion that is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • R is cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R is phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t- butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • the linking agent can be represented by the formula: 0 0
  • Photo 1 and Photo 2 independently, represent one or more photoreactive groups, wherein the linking agent comprises a covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group, wherein the covalent linkage between at least one photoreactive group and the linking group is interrupted by at least one heteroatom;
  • Y represents a linker that can be N or O (e.g., pyrophosphate), linear or branched Ci-Cio alkyl, or a combination thereof; and R 1 and R 2 are independently alkyl, aryl, a photoreactive group (wherein the covalent linkage between the photoreactive group and the linking group can be interrupted by at least one heteroatom), hydroxyl or salt thereof, or a combination thereof.
  • Y is selected from O, CH 2 , OCH 2 CH 2 0, 0(CH(CH3)CH 2 0) n , and 0(CH 2 CH 2 0) n , wherein n is an integer between 1 and 5, between 1 and 10, between 1 and 15, between 1 and 20, between 1 and 25, or between 1 and 30.
  • the hydroxyl salt counterion is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently, cyclic, linear or branched hydrocarbon, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • a longer hydrocarbon chain between the two phosphorus atoms will tend to increase the flexibility of the linking agent and may facilitate crosslinking between a greater number of polymers than a linking agent with a shorter carbon chain, since the reactive photoreactive groups can react with polymers located farther apart from one another.
  • Y can be O, CH 2 , OCH 2 CH 2 0, 0(CH 2 (CH3)CH 2 0) n , and 0(CH 2 CH 2 0) n wherein n is an integer between 1 and 5, between 1 and 10, between 1 and 15, between 1 and 20, between 1 and 25, or between 1 and 30.
  • n is an integer between 1 and 5, between 1 and 10, between 1 and 15, between 1 and 20, between 1 and 25, or between 1 and 30.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 can be any substitution, including but not limited to H, alkyl, halogen, amine, hydroxyl, or a combination thereof;
  • R 3 can be any substitution, including but not limited to O, alkyl, or a combination thereof;
  • R 6 and R 7 can be alkyl, aryl or a combination thereof; and each X can independently be O, N. Se, S, alkyl, or a combination thereof.
  • the linking agent includes one or more phosphorester bonds and one or more phosphoramide bonds, and can be represented by the formula:
  • X and X 2 are, independently, O, N, Se, S or alkyl; R 1 and R 2 are
  • X 3 is O, N, Se, S, alkyl or aryl
  • R 3 is alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R 3 is phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • R 3 can also be a photoreactive group or a hydroxyl or salt thereof.
  • the hydroxyl salt counterion is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • the linking agent comprises a triphosphorester, which can be represented by the formula.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently, one or more photoreactive groups
  • R 3 is alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R 3 is phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • R 3 can also be a photoreactive group or a hydroxyl or salt thereof.
  • the hydroxyl salt counterion is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • the linking agent comprises a triphosphoramide, which can be represented by the formula.
  • R'-R 6 are independently, a photoreactive group, a hydroxyl or salt thereof, alkyl or aryl, or a combination thereof, wherein at least two of R'-R 6 are, independently, a photoreactive group.
  • the hydroxyl salt counterion is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • R'-R 6 are independently cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R'-R 6 are, independently, phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t- butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • the linking agent can be formed using any suitable reaction pathway.
  • the linking agent is formed by reacting a functionalized linking element with one or more, typically two or more photoreactive groups.
  • linking element refers to the linking group component of the linking agent before it is bonded to one or more photoreactive groups.
  • functionalized linking element is used to indicate that the linking element includes one or more reactive functional groups.
  • the linking element includes one or more halogen functional groups.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine functional groups.
  • the linking element includes one or more trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF 3 SO 3 -) functional groups.
  • the linking element includes one or more silicon atoms. In one embodiment, the linking element includes one or more halogen substituents, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the linking element includes at least two halogen substituents. In another embodiment, the linking element includes one or more
  • the linking element includes at least two triflate substituents.
  • the linking element includes one silicon atom with at least two halogen or triflate substituents.
  • the linking element includes at least two silicon atoms.
  • the linking element includes two silicon atoms, wherein each silicon atom includes at least one halogen or triflate substituent.
  • the linking element can be represented by the formula Si-Y-Si, wherein Y represents a linker that can be null, an amine, ether, linear or branched d- Cio alkyl, or a combination thereof, wherein each silicon atom includes at least one halogen or triflate substituent.
  • Y is selected from O, CH 2 , OCH 2 CH 2 0, 0(CH(CH3)CH 2 0) n , and 0(CH 2 CH 2 0) n , wherein n is an integer between 1 and 5, between 1 and 10, between 1 and 15, between 1 and 20, between 1 and 25, or between 1 and 30.
  • the linking element can be represented by the formula
  • R1-R4 are independently alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R'-R 4 are independently phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • R'-R 4 can also be, independently, halogen.
  • R*-R 4 can also be, independently, hydroxyl or salt thereof.
  • the hydroxyl salt includes a counterion that is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • linking element can be represented by the formula
  • X 1 and X 2 are independently halogen; such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; or trifluoromethanesulfonate;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 can also be, independently, halogen, hydroxyl or hydroxyl salt.
  • the hydroxyl salt includes lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof as a counterion.
  • the linking element includes one or more phosphorous atoms.
  • trifluoromethanesulfonate substituents are covalently bonded to each phosphorus atom.
  • the linking element comprises two phosphorus atoms.
  • linking element can be represented by the formula
  • X 1 and X 2 are independently halogen; such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; or trifluoromethanesulfonate; and R is alkyl or aryl, halogen, hydroxyl or a hydroxyl salt, or a combination thereof.
  • the hydroxyl salt includes a counterion that is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • R is cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R is phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • linking element can be represented by formula:
  • X 1 and X 2 are independently halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; or trifluoromethanesulfonate and R is alkyl or aryl, halogen,
  • the hydroxyl salt includes a counterion that is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • R is cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • linking element can be represented by the formula:
  • X 1 and X 2 are independently halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; or trifluoromethanesulfonate
  • Y represents a linker that can be null, an amine, an ether, linear or branched Ci-Cio alkyl, or a combination thereof; and R 1 and R 2 are independently alkyl, aryl, halogen, hydroxyl or salt thereof, or a combination thereof.
  • Y is selected from O, CH 2 , OCH 2 CH 2 O,
  • n is an integer between 1 and 5, between 1 and 10, between 1 and 15, between 1 and 20, between 1 and 25, or between 1 and 30.
  • the hydroxyl salt counterion is lithium, sodium, potassium, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently, cyclic, linear or branched hydrocarbon, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 and R' are independently phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, or a combination thereof.
  • a water-soluble, degradable linking agent suitable for use in the present polymeric medical device is described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 61/285,345 and 61/358,464, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a linking agent that includes a core molecule with one or more charged groups; and one or more photoreactive groups covalently attached to the core molecule by one or more degradable linkers.
  • the linking agent includes a non-polymeric core molecule.
  • the non-polymeric core molecule is a hydrocarbon, including a hydrocarbon that is linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof; aromatic, non-aromatic, or a combination thereof; monocyclic, polycyclic, carbocyclic, heterocyclic, or a combination thereof; benzene or a derivative thereof.
  • one or more degradable linkers comprise an amide, an ester, a thiocarbamate, or a combination thereof.
  • one or more photoreactive group is an aryl ketone, including, for example, acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, anthrone-like heterocycles, substituted derivatives thereof, or a combination thereof.
  • one or more charged groups are negatively charged, including, for example, an organic acid selected from sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof.
  • one or more charged groups are positively charged, for example, a quaternary ammonium salt.
  • the degradable linking agent includes one or more photoreactive groups, one or more charged groups, and one or more degradable linkers configured to operably attach one or more photoreactive groups to one or more negatively charged groups.
  • the linking agent includes a core having one or more charged groups attached directly or indirectly thereto and one or more photoreactive groups attached to the non- polymeric core by one or more degradable linkers.
  • the degradable linking agent includes one or more photoreactive groups attached to one or more charged groups by a degradable linker.
  • the degradable linking agent includes a core molecule to which the charged groups and the photoreactive groups can be independently attached.
  • the degradable linking agent includes a non-polymeric core molecule.
  • the term "degradable linker" as used herein, refers to a segment configured to connect one part of the linking agent to another, wherein the linker is capable of cleavage under one or more conditions.
  • degradable as used herein also encompasses “biodegradable linkers.”
  • biodegradable refers to degradation in a biological system, and includes for example, enzymatic degradation or hydrolysis. It should be noted that the term “degradable” as used herein includes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic (or chemical) degradation.
  • the degradable linker comprises one or more degradable linkages such as an amide, an ester, a thiocarbamate, or combinations thereof.
  • the degradable linker can function as a spacer, to increase the distance between one or more photoreactive groups and the core molecule.
  • a spacer to reduce steric hindrance that may result between the core molecule and one or more photoreactive groups that could interfere with the ability of one or more photoreactive groups to form covalent bonds with a support surface, or from serving as a photoinitiator for polymerization.
  • a degradable linking agent can be represented by the formula:
  • X 1 and X 2 include, independently, one or more photoreactive groups, for example, an aryl ketone photoreactive group, including, but not limited to, aryl ketones such as acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, anthrone-like heterocycles, their substituted derivatives or a combination thereof;
  • D 1 and D 2 are, independently, degradable segments, including, for example, degradable segments that include an amide, an ester, a thiocarbamate, or a combination thereof;
  • Y represents a core molecule, which can be either polymeric or non-polymeric, including, but not limited to a hydrocarbon, including a hydrocarbon that is linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof; aromatic, non-aromatic, or a combination thereof; monocyclic, polycyclic, carbocyclic, heterocyclic, or a combination thereof; benzene or a derivative thereof; or a combination thereof;
  • the two or more photoreactive groups are discrete.
  • the term “discrete” means that the two or more photoreactive groups are distinct from each other, as compared to a bifunctional photoreactive agent, that can include two or more photoreactive moieties, such as a conjugated cyclic diketone wherein each ketone group of the diketone is adapted to serve as a photoreactive moiety capable of being activated in order to provide a free radical.
  • the first and second photoreactive groups and/or the first and second degradable linkers may or may not be the same.
  • the photoreactive groups (X 1 and X 2 ) are the same or identical. In another embodiment, the photoreactive groups (X 1 and X 2 ) are not the same. In one embodiment, the degradable linker (D 1 and D 2 ) are the same or identical. In another embodiment, the degradable linker (D 1 and D 2 ) are not the same. In one embodiment, the photoreactive groups include one or more first photoreactive groups adapted to attach the linking agent to a surface and one or more second photoreactive groups adapted to initiate photopolymerization.
  • the degradable linker is a biodegradable linker that includes an amide bond (also referred to as a peptide bond, or peptide linker).
  • a peptide bond can be cleaved by amide hydrolysis (the addition of water) by enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions.
  • Proteolysis refers to amide hydrolysis catalyzed by an enzyme.
  • proteease refers to an enzyme that conducts proteolysis.
  • enzymes capable of hydrolyzing a peptide bond include, but are not limited to, acylase, amidohydrolase, deaminase, trypsin, and alpha-chymotrypsin.
  • a nonlimiting example of a degradable linker with a peptide bond can be represented by formula I:
  • X 1 and X 2 include, independently, one or more photoreactive groups, including, but not limited to, aryl ketone photoreactive groups, such as acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, anthrone-like heterocycles, their substituted derivatives or a combination thereof;
  • Y represents a core molecule, which can be polymeric or non-polymeric, including for example, non-polymeric molecules such as a hydrocarbon, including linear, branched or cyclic; aromatic or non-aromatic;
  • Z 1 and Z 2 represent, independently, one or more charged groups, including positively and negatively charged groups, for example a negatively charged group that includes an organic acid salt, including but not limited to sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof; one or more positively charged groups, for example, a quaternary ammonium salt; or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are, independently, spacer elements that can be null, a heteroatom, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof;
  • R 5 and R 6 are, independently, spacer elements that can be null, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof;
  • R 7 and R 8 are, independently substituents that can be hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • degradable linker that includes a degradable amide bond
  • formulae II and III More specific examples of a degradable linker that includes a degradable amide bond include those shown in formulae II and III:
  • X 1 and X 2 include, independently, one or more photoreactive groups, including, but not limited to aryl ketone photoreactive groups, such as acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, anthrone-like heterocycles, their substituted derivatives or a combination thereof; and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are, independently, spacer elements, which can be null, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof; and R 5 and R 6 are, independently substituents that can be hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • aryl ketone photoreactive groups such as acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone,
  • linkers with degradable peptide bonds are shown in formula IV, below, wherein R 1 and R 2 are, independently, substituents that can be hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof; and R 3 and R 4 are, independently, spacer elements, which can be null, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • the degradable linking agent includes one or more ester bonds.
  • Esters can be hydrolyzed to the parent carboxylic acid and an alcohol under acidic or basic conditions.
  • An example of a linker with a degradable ester bond is shown in formula V and VI.
  • X 1 and X 2 include, independently, one or more photoreactive groups, including but not limited to aryl ketone photoreactive groups, such as acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, anthrone-like heterocycles, their substituted derivatives or a combination thereof; and R 1 , R 2 , are, independently, spacer elements, which can be null, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • photoreactive groups including but not limited to aryl ketone photoreactive groups, such as acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, anthrone-like heterocycles, their substituted derivatives or a combination thereof
  • R 1 , R 2 are, independently, spacer elements, which can be null, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cycl
  • R 3 and R 4 are, independently, spacer elements, which can be null, a heteroatom, including, but not limited to O, N or S, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • the degradable linking agent includes one or more thiocarbamate bonds.
  • One example of a degradable linker with a thiocarbamate bond can be represented by formula VII:
  • X 1 and X 2 include, independently, one or more photoreactive groups, including but not limited to aryl ketone photoreactive groups, such as acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, anthrone-like heterocycles, their substituted derivatives or a combination thereof;
  • R 1 and R 2 are, independently, spacer elements, which can be null, a heteroatom, including, but not limited to O, N or S, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof; and R 3 and R 4 are,
  • spacer elements which can be null, alkyl or aryl, including, but not limited to cyclic, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • a separate material can be disposed in a layer over the first material or portion.
  • FIG. 8 a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element 800 is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • the spacing element 800 can include an inner portion 802 including a first material.
  • the inner portion 802 can define a central lumen 804.
  • the spacing element 800 can also include an outer portion 806 including a second material.
  • the outer portion 806 can be continuous or discontinuous over the surface of the spacing element 800 (for example, the outer portion can have discontinuities such as pores or openings).
  • the outer portion 806 can include a water permeable material.
  • the outer portion 806 can include a lubricious coating.
  • the outer portion 806 can include a layer of flashspun high-density polyethylene fibers. In some embodiments the outer portion 806 can include a layer of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). In some embodiments, the outer portion 806 can include a layer of graphene. In some embodiments, the outer portion 806 can include a layer of graphene with a modifying compound covalently bonded thereto. For example, a linking agent can be covalently bonded to the graphene and to another compound having desired functional properties thereby providing the graphene surface with those properties.
  • a linking agent can be covalently bonded to the graphene and to another compound having desired functional properties thereby providing the graphene surface with those properties.
  • the spacing elements can define a volume that can be filled with another components, can be inflated with air or a liquid, or that can be used to retain absorbed exudate (for example, as a fluid sequestering agent), and/or and antimicrobial agent.
  • the interior of the spacing elements is hollow. Referring now to FIG. 9, a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element 900 in accordance with various embodiments herein is shown.
  • the spacing element 900 can include an outer layer 922 and an inner layer 924 that are separate from one another in cross-section such that they define a volume 928.
  • the inner layer 924 can define a central lumen 926.
  • the outer layer 922 can include a material with elastomeric properties (for example, but not limited to, polyurethane) such that it can expand in size in response to the volume being filled with a fluid (such as air or a liquid) or other matter (such as a dispersion).
  • the spacing element can define a volume that can be filled with a material that aids in absorbing exudate.
  • FIG. 10 a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element 1000 in accordance with various embodiments herein is shown.
  • the spacing element 1000 can include an outer layer 1022 and an inner layer 1024 that are separate from one another in cross-section such that they define a volume 1028.
  • the inner layer 1024 can define a central lumen 1026.
  • a plurality of hollow fibers 1030 are disposed within the volume 1028.
  • the hollow fibers can be a polysulfone polymer.
  • the spacing elements can include one or more interior volumes other than the central lumen.
  • FIG. 11 a cross-sectional schematic view of a spacing element 1100 is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • the spacing element 1100 is shown including a portion 1102 surrounding a central lumen 1104.
  • the spacing element 1100 can further include a plurality of interior volumes 1132 that can be used to store exudate or can be filled with another material.
  • a radio frequency identification device can be disposed within a spacing element.
  • a metal such as a ferrous metal, can be disposed within a spacing element.
  • a radiopaque material can be disposed within a spacing element.
  • the connector 1200 can include a wall member 1202.
  • the wall member 1202 can define a central lumen 1204.
  • the connector 1200 is solid in cross-sectional.
  • a material can be disposed within the lumen of the connector.
  • the connector 1300 can include a wall member 1302 defining a central lumen 1304.
  • a material 1334 can be disposed within the lumen 1304.
  • the material 1334 can include absorbent materials.
  • the material 1334 can include
  • the connector can be in fluid communication with one or more of the spacing elements such that fluid from one or more spacing elements can be transferred to the connector.
  • the lumen of the connector is accessible from an end of the connector providing fluid communication between one or more of the spacing elements and the end of the connector. Exemplary fluid communication can provide for a negative pressure, or a suction, to remove exudate from the wound.
  • the wound can be covered, for example, with an adhesive film, such as a transparent dressing (TEGADERMTM Dressing, available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN) to impart negative pressure over the entire aspect of the wound, and not just on the wound exudate.
  • TEGADERMTM Dressing available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN
  • Other embodiments can include applying a gas-impermeable wound dressing barrier over the wound and wound packing device.
  • the method can further include regulating the negative pressure applied to the wound bed via the connector(s) and/or spacer(s) and for the degree of exudate removal achieved.
  • the magnitude of negative pressure applied can also be further optimized for a particular tissue response and wound healing.
  • the method can include putting a wound dressing that is a gas-permeable sterile barrier over the wound and previously placed wound packing device.
  • the method can further include regulating the magnitude of vacuum or negative pressure applied to the connector(s) and spacer(s).
  • the resulting pressure throughout the wound bed will be essentially atmospheric pressure or slightly less, and the degree of exudate removal may be independently controlled and optimized.
  • the connector can include a core and a layer of a material disposed over the core.
  • the connector 1400 can include a core 1436 and a layer 1402 disposed over the core 1436.
  • layer 1402 is a porous sleeve.
  • layer 1402 can include a lubricious coating.
  • layer 1402 can include a layer of flashspun high-density polyethylene fibers. In some embodiments layer 1402 can include a layer of
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • spacing elements in accordance with embodiments herein can take on various shapes and sizes.
  • the spacing elements can be spherical, ovoid, toroidal, cubic, or the like.
  • FIG. 15 a schematic view is shown of a spacing element 1502 in accordance with various embodiments herein. The spacing element is shown attached to a connector 1504.
  • FIG. 16 a schematic view is shown of a spacing element 1602 in accordance with various embodiments herein. In this view, the spacing element 1602 is shown attached to a connector 1604.
  • the spacing element can include an aperture 1738.
  • An end portion 1740 of the connector 1704 can fit within the aperture 1738 of an adjacent spacing element.
  • the end portion of a connector segment can be retained within the aperture of an adjacent spacing element.
  • a friction-fit retention mechanism can be used to retain the end portion of the connector segment within the aperture. In this manner, multiple connector segment and spacing element pairs can be attached together to form a wound packing device.
  • FIG. 18 a schematic view is shown of connector segments and spacing elements attached to one another to form a wound packing device 1800 in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • This embodiment can allow for customization of size of the wound packing device 1800.
  • a first connector segment and spacing element pair 1802 is attached to a second connector segment and spacing element pair 1804, which it turn is attached to another connector segment and spacing element pair 1806.
  • any desired number of connector segment and spacing element pairs can be attached together. For example, in some embodiments from three to sixty pairs can be attached together.
  • indicia can be disposed on portions of the wound packing device.
  • indicia such as specific coloration, letters, numbers, embossed surface characterizations, or combinations thereof can be disposed on spacing elements.
  • Such indicia can be useful for various purposes.
  • the indicia can allow an end user to more easily track the number of spacing elements being used, or to more quickly identify a default number of spacing elements by sight and/or feel.
  • every 10 th spacing element can be a different color in some embodiments.
  • a material can be used to form color on the spacing element that will change with time so as to indicate to a user when the device should be exchanged for a new device.
  • the color is configured to change with time.
  • the color is configured to change with the amount of exudate absorbed.
  • FIG. 19 a schematic view is shown of a wound packing device 1900 in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • the wound packing device 1900 includes a plurality of spacing elements 1902 attached together with a connector 1904.
  • the wound packing device 1900 can also include a first colored spacing element 1940 and a second colored spacing element 1942.
  • the first colored spacing element 1940, second colored spacing element 1942, and other spacing elements 1902 are all different colors.
  • the first colored spacing element 1940 and the second colored spacing element 1942 are the same color.
  • the first colored spacing element 1940 and second colored spacing element 1942 can have an embossed surface, whereas other spacing elements 1902 can have a smooth surface.
  • spacing elements can be disposed together within a container, such as a bag, to form a wound packing device.
  • a container such as a bag
  • FIG. 20 a schematic view is shown of wound packing device 2000 including a plurality of spacing elements 2002 disposed within a container 2044.
  • the container 2044 can be a water permeable bag.
  • the container can enclose a space 2046 and the spacing elements 2002 can be within the space 2046.
  • the spacing elements 2002 can be attached to one another with a connector. In other embodiments, the connector can be absent.
  • the spacing elements can be packed with a paste inside of a bag or container.
  • the spacing elements are removed from the container before insertion into a wound bed, in other embodiments the spacing elements stay in the container and the combination is inserted into the wound bed.
  • FIG. 21 a schematic view is shown of a wound packing device 2100 including plurality of spacing elements 2102 disposed with a packing material 2150 inside of a container 2148.
  • the container 2148 can include an egress neck 2152 which can be opened to form an orifice through which the materials can be dispensed out of the container 2148 and into a wound bed.
  • the egress neck 2152 can be an extended cannula through which the wound packing device 2100 can be delivered into a deep wound or fistula.
  • various embodiments here include nanotextured surfaces.
  • FIG. 22 a schematic cross-sectional view is shown of a portion 2200 of a device in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • the portion 2200 of the device shown can include a surface 2202 that is nanotextured.
  • the portion 2200 shown can include a core portion of material 2204 (or substrate) that can be effective to absorb exudate.
  • the core portion of material 2204 may be made from a material that does not absorb exudate.
  • the core portion of material 2204 is swellable.
  • the core portion of material 2204 is non-swellable.
  • core portion of material 2204 can be comprised of a porous material.
  • the core portion of material 2204 can be comprised of a non-porous material.
  • core portion of material 2204 includes a fluid sequestering material.
  • core portion of material 2204 forms part of a spacing element.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spacing element 2300 in accordance with various embodiments herein.
  • the spacing element 2300 can include a nanotextured surface 2302 and a core portion of material 2304.
  • the spacing element 2300 can define a central channel or lumen 2306.
  • the connector (not shown in this view) can pass through the lumen 2306.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic view of a wound packing device 2400 in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • the wound packing device 2400 includes a plurality of spacing elements 2402 attached together with a connector 2404.
  • the surface of the spacing elements 2402 can be nanotextured.
  • kits can include a plurality of spacing elements, the spacing elements comprising a nanotextured surface, the plurality of spacing elements configured to absorb exudate.
  • the kits can also include a connector for connecting the plurality of spacing elements to one another.
  • the connector comprising a fitting to allow for the number of spacing elements connected to one another by the connector to be modified by an end user.
  • a method of making a wound packing device is included.
  • the method can include forming a plurality of spacing elements. It will be appreciated that are many different techniques that can be used to form spacing elements in accordance with embodiments herein.
  • the spacing elements can be molded, sprayed, dipped, and the like.
  • the composition will also include a solvent. In other words, depending on the polymers used, the composition will also include a solvent.
  • the composition can be solventless before forming into a spacing element.
  • manufacturing can include a number of steps.
  • the inner region or core of the spacing element can be formed in a first operation and then a layer of material can be disposed on top of the inner region.
  • the method can also include an operation of mounting a plurality of spacing elements on a connector.
  • Mounting can include forming the spacing elements in place on the connector.
  • Mounting can also include threading the spacing elements onto the connector.
  • an adhesive can be used to retain the spacing elements in place on the connector.
  • spacing elements can be retained in place through a friction fit.
  • the method can include an operation of inflating the spacing elements.
  • a method of treating wounds is included.
  • the method can include dispensing a wound packing device from a sterile package.
  • dispensing can include removing a portion of spacing elements from a multi-segment package, such that other portions remain unopened and sterile.
  • dispensing can include counting the number of spacing elements.
  • dispensing can include cutting the connector, or otherwise separating a portion of the connector, in order to prepare a desired number of spacing elements for insertion into a wound bed.
  • the method can further include inserting the wound packing device into a wound bed.
  • the method can further include putting a wound dressing over the wound packing device.
  • the method can also include attaching a vacuum system (or another device that can generate a negative air pressure) to the wound packing device.
  • a vacuum system can be put in fluid communication with the connector, which can transfer exudate away from the spacing devices.

Abstract

Des modes de réalisation de l'invention concernent des dispositifs de tamponnement de plaies et des procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de ceux-ci. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'invention concerne un dispositif de tamponnement de plaies comprenant une pluralité d'éléments d'espacement présentant une surface nanotexturée. Le dispositif de tamponnement de plaies peut également comprendre un connecteur reliant la pluralité d'éléments d'espacement les uns aux autres. L'invention concerne également d'autres modes de réalisation.
PCT/US2015/043181 2014-08-01 2015-07-31 Dispositif de tamponnement de plaies présentant une surface nanotexturée WO2016019279A1 (fr)

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CA2956635A CA2956635A1 (fr) 2014-08-01 2015-07-31 Dispositif de tamponnement de plaies presentant une surface nanotexturee
JP2017505516A JP2017522140A (ja) 2014-08-01 2015-07-31 ナノテクスチャー加工された表面を有する創傷充填装置
MX2017001440A MX2017001440A (es) 2014-08-01 2015-07-31 Dispositivo de recubrmiento de heridas con superficie nanotexturizada.
EP15759568.7A EP3174562A1 (fr) 2014-08-01 2015-07-31 Dispositif de tamponnement de plaies présentant une surface nanotexturée

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US201462032224P 2014-08-01 2014-08-01
US62/032,224 2014-08-01
US14/813,928 US10201457B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2015-07-30 Wound packing device with nanotextured surface
US14/813,928 2015-07-30

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US10201457B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2019-02-12 Surmodics, Inc. Wound packing device with nanotextured surface
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CA2956635A1 (fr) 2016-02-04
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MX2017001440A (es) 2017-05-23

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