WO2016018633A1 - Combined heat storage and pressure storage accumulator - Google Patents

Combined heat storage and pressure storage accumulator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016018633A1
WO2016018633A1 PCT/US2015/040679 US2015040679W WO2016018633A1 WO 2016018633 A1 WO2016018633 A1 WO 2016018633A1 US 2015040679 W US2015040679 W US 2015040679W WO 2016018633 A1 WO2016018633 A1 WO 2016018633A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
accumulator
product
set forth
hydraulic fluid
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2015/040679
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christopher A. Spangler
Christopher E. Blair
Chengyun Guo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BorgWarner Inc
Original Assignee
BorgWarner Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BorgWarner Inc filed Critical BorgWarner Inc
Priority to US15/328,912 priority Critical patent/US20170211686A1/en
Priority to DE112015002958.3T priority patent/DE112015002958T5/en
Priority to CN201580040143.8A priority patent/CN106662228A/en
Publication of WO2016018633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016018633A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0412—Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
    • F16H57/0415—Air cooling or ventilation; Heat exchangers; Thermal insulations
    • F16H57/0419—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/04—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/01—Monitoring wear or stress of gearing elements, e.g. for triggering maintenance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0021—Generation or control of line pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0021—Generation or control of line pressure
    • F16H61/0025—Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefor
    • F16H2061/0034—Accumulators for fluid pressure supply; Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2312/00—Driving activities
    • F16H2312/20—Start-up or shut-down

Definitions

  • the field to which the disclosure generally relates to includes combined heat storage and pressure storage accumulators.
  • Vehicles may include devices such as, but not limited to, transmissions and/or engines which utilize hydraulic fluids.
  • devices such as, but not limited to, transmissions and/or engines which utilize hydraulic fluids.
  • a number of variations include an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding at least a portion of the accumulator constructed and arranged to reduce the loss of heat from hydraulic fluid stored in the
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a product including an
  • accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding at least the portion of the
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a section of a product including an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator and wherein the thermal containment device includes an insulator according to a number of variations.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a section of a product including an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator, and wherein the thermal containment device includes an insulating fluid according to a number of variations.
  • Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the effect of using an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and having a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator which may result in an increase in the initial oil temperature of transmission oil operated across an entire warm up phase according to a number of
  • Figure 1 illustrates a number of variations which may include a product 10 that may include an accumulator 1 1 having an outer housing 12 carrying an accumulator mechanism 14.
  • the accumulator mechanism 14 may be any of a variety of types and may be constructed and arranged to store
  • the accumulator mechanism 14 may include a chamber having a piston received in the chamber for sliding movement therein with the piston being biased by a force, for example, from a spring or other suitable mechanism.
  • the product 10 may also include a thermal containment device 16 which may include an outer shell 18 spaced the housing 12 of the accumulator 1 1 .
  • An insulating void 20 may be defined between the outer shell 18 and the housing 12.
  • the insulating void may be the void of any material, such as being under a vacuum, may include an insulating gas, an insulating liquid, or an insulating material including a solid structure or structures.
  • the insulating void 20 may be filled with a material having at least one solid structure such as a plurality of fibers bound together.
  • the insulating void 20 may be filled with glass fibers bound together by a polymeric binder.
  • the fibers 22 may be randomly formed or may be in form of a weave and may provide a plurality of pockets wherein air may reside and reduce the thermal transfer of heat from hydraulic fluid stored in the accumulator mechanism 14.
  • the thermal containment device 16 may also include an inner shell 24 spaced apart from the outer shell 18.
  • An insulating fluid 26, such as an insulating liquid, may be received in the insulating void 20 formed between the outer shell 18 and the inner shell 24.
  • a vehicle is typically started after a long period of time which may be several hours or even overnight wherein the engine has not been running and the transmission oil in the vehicle is close to the ambient temperature. Time is required to heat a typical transmission fluid (oil) during operation.
  • the viscosity of the transmission fluid is directly related to its temperature. As the temperature of the transmission fluid increases the viscosity decreases resulting in an increase in the transmission efficiency.
  • a method may include providing an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and having a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator. During operation, transmission oil is pumped into the accumulator 1 1 and stored in a pressurized and warm state.
  • warm hydraulic fluid from the accumulator 1 1 is released through a control valve and back into the transmission to increase the starting temperature of the transmission oil.
  • the hydraulic fluid may be released from the accumulator into any of a variety of vehicle components including at least one of a combustion engine, transfer case, axle housings or any other vehicle component utilizing a hydraulic fluid.
  • Variation 1 may include a product comprising: an accumulator having an outer housing carrying an accumulator mechanism, and a thermal containment device comprising an outer shell spaced away from the housing of the accumulator.
  • Variation 2 may include a product as set forth in Variation 1 wherein an insulating space may be defined between the outer shell and the housing.
  • Variation 3 may include a product as set forth in Variation 2 wherein the insulating space is under vacuum.
  • Variation 4 may include a product as set forth in any of Variations 2-3 further comprising an insulating gas in the insulating space.
  • Variation 5 may include a product as set forth in any of Variations 2-4 further comprising an insulating liquid in the insulating space.
  • Variation 6 may include a product as set forth in any of Variations 2-5 further comprising an insulating material foam or solid particles in the insulating space.
  • Variation 7 may include a product as set forth in any of Variations 2-6 further comprising an insulating material including at least one a solid structure in the insulating space.
  • Variation 8 may include a product as set forth in Variation 7 wherein the at least one a solid structure comprises a plurality of fibers bound together.
  • Variation 9 may include a product as set forth in Variation 7 wherein the at least one a solid structure comprises carbon dust.
  • Variation 10 may include a product comprising an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding at least a portion of the accumulator constructed and arranged to reduce the loss of heat from hydraulic fluid stored in the accumulator
  • Variation 1 1 may include a method comprising: a vehicle, a vehicle component, hydraulic fluid, and an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and having a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator; operating the vehicle so that the vehicle component warms the hydraulic fluid; and pumping warm hydraulic fluid into the accumulator and storing at least a portion of the warm hydraulic fluid in the accumulator in a pressurized and warm state; shutting down the vehicle; thereafter starting the vehicle, and releasing warm hydraulic fluid from the accumulator into the vehicle component.
  • Variation 12 may include a product as set forth in Variation 1 1 wherein the vehicle component is a transmission.
  • Variation 13 may include a product as set forth in Variation 1 1 wherein the vehicle component is a combustion engine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A number of variations include an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding at least a portion of the accumulator constructed and arranged to reduce the loss of heat from hydraulic fluid stored in the accumulator.

Description

COMBINED HEAT STORAGE AND PRESSURE STORAGE
ACCUMULATOR
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional
Application No. 62/030,327 filed July 29, 2014.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The field to which the disclosure generally relates to includes combined heat storage and pressure storage accumulators.
BACKGROUND
Vehicles may include devices such as, but not limited to, transmissions and/or engines which utilize hydraulic fluids. SUMMARY OF ILLUSTRATIVE VARIATIONS
A number of variations include an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding at least a portion of the accumulator constructed and arranged to reduce the loss of heat from hydraulic fluid stored in the
accumulator.
Other illustrative variations within the scope of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while disclosing variations within the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Select examples of variations within the scope of the invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a product including an
accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding at least the portion of the
accumulator according to a number of variations.
Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a section of a product including an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator and wherein the thermal containment device includes an insulator according to a number of variations.
Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a section of a product including an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator, and wherein the thermal containment device includes an insulating fluid according to a number of variations.
Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the effect of using an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and having a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator which may result in an increase in the initial oil temperature of transmission oil operated across an entire warm up phase according to a number of
variations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE VARIATIONS
The following description of the variations is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention, its application, or uses.
Figure 1 illustrates a number of variations which may include a product 10 that may include an accumulator 1 1 having an outer housing 12 carrying an accumulator mechanism 14. The accumulator mechanism 14 may be any of a variety of types and may be constructed and arranged to store
pressurized hydraulic fluid such as, but not limited to, transmission oil. The accumulator mechanism 14 may include a chamber having a piston received in the chamber for sliding movement therein with the piston being biased by a force, for example, from a spring or other suitable mechanism. The product 10 may also include a thermal containment device 16 which may include an outer shell 18 spaced the housing 12 of the accumulator 1 1 . An insulating void 20 may be defined between the outer shell 18 and the housing 12. In a number of variations, the insulating void may be the void of any material, such as being under a vacuum, may include an insulating gas, an insulating liquid, or an insulating material including a solid structure or structures.
Referring now to Figure 2, in a number of variations, the insulating void 20 may be filled with a material having at least one solid structure such as a plurality of fibers bound together. In a number of variations, the insulating void 20 may be filled with glass fibers bound together by a polymeric binder. The fibers 22 may be randomly formed or may be in form of a weave and may provide a plurality of pockets wherein air may reside and reduce the thermal transfer of heat from hydraulic fluid stored in the accumulator mechanism 14.
Referring now to Figure 3, in a number of other variations, the thermal containment device 16 may also include an inner shell 24 spaced apart from the outer shell 18. An insulating fluid 26, such as an insulating liquid, may be received in the insulating void 20 formed between the outer shell 18 and the inner shell 24.
A vehicle is typically started after a long period of time which may be several hours or even overnight wherein the engine has not been running and the transmission oil in the vehicle is close to the ambient temperature. Time is required to heat a typical transmission fluid (oil) during operation. The viscosity of the transmission fluid is directly related to its temperature. As the temperature of the transmission fluid increases the viscosity decreases resulting in an increase in the transmission efficiency.
Referring now to Figure 4, an increase in the initial oil temperature (as shown by arrow in Figure 4), results in higher transmission operating temperatures across the entire warm up phase (shown by the solid line 30). The increase in transmission operating temperature across the driving cycle results in improved transmission efficiency, improved fuel consumption and reduced carbon dioxide emissions without compromising the current ability of the accumulator to provide oil during a stop-start event. According to a number of variations, a method may include providing an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and having a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator. During operation, transmission oil is pumped into the accumulator 1 1 and stored in a pressurized and warm state. Upon restart of the vehicle engine, warm hydraulic fluid from the accumulator 1 1 is released through a control valve and back into the transmission to increase the starting temperature of the transmission oil. In other variations the hydraulic fluid may be released from the accumulator into any of a variety of vehicle components including at least one of a combustion engine, transfer case, axle housings or any other vehicle component utilizing a hydraulic fluid.
The following description of variants is only illustrative of components, elements, acts, product and methods considered to be within the scope of the invention and are not in any way intended to limit such scope by what is specifically disclosed or not expressly set forth. The components, elements, acts, product and methods as described herein may be combined and rearranged other than as expressly described herein and still are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Variation 1 may include a product comprising: an accumulator having an outer housing carrying an accumulator mechanism, and a thermal containment device comprising an outer shell spaced away from the housing of the accumulator.
Variation 2 may include a product as set forth in Variation 1 wherein an insulating space may be defined between the outer shell and the housing.
Variation 3 may include a product as set forth in Variation 2 wherein the insulating space is under vacuum.
Variation 4 may include a product as set forth in any of Variations 2-3 further comprising an insulating gas in the insulating space.
Variation 5 may include a product as set forth in any of Variations 2-4 further comprising an insulating liquid in the insulating space.
Variation 6 may include a product as set forth in any of Variations 2-5 further comprising an insulating material foam or solid particles in the insulating space.
Variation 7 may include a product as set forth in any of Variations 2-6 further comprising an insulating material including at least one a solid structure in the insulating space. Variation 8 may include a product as set forth in Variation 7 wherein the at least one a solid structure comprises a plurality of fibers bound together.
Variation 9 may include a product as set forth in Variation 7 wherein the at least one a solid structure comprises carbon dust.
Variation 10 may include a product comprising an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding at least a portion of the accumulator constructed and arranged to reduce the loss of heat from hydraulic fluid stored in the accumulator
Variation 1 1 may include a method comprising: a vehicle, a vehicle component, hydraulic fluid, and an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and having a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator; operating the vehicle so that the vehicle component warms the hydraulic fluid; and pumping warm hydraulic fluid into the accumulator and storing at least a portion of the warm hydraulic fluid in the accumulator in a pressurized and warm state; shutting down the vehicle; thereafter starting the vehicle, and releasing warm hydraulic fluid from the accumulator into the vehicle component.
Variation 12 may include a product as set forth in Variation 1 1 wherein the vehicle component is a transmission.
Variation 13 may include a product as set forth in Variation 1 1 wherein the vehicle component is a combustion engine. The above description of select variations within the scope of the invention is merely illustrative in nature and, thus, variations or variants thereof are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1 . A product comprising:
an accumulator having an outer housing carrying an accumulator mechanism, and a thermal containment device comprising an outer shell spaced away the housing of the accumulator.
2. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein an insulating space is defined between the outer shell and the housing.
3. A product as set forth in claim 2 wherein the insulating space is under vacuum.
4. A product as set forth in claim 2 further comprising an insulating gas in the insulating space.
5. A product as set forth in claim 2 further comprising an insulating liquid in the insulating space.
6. A product as set forth in claim 2 further comprising a foam or solid particles in the insulating space.
7. A product as set forth in claim 2 further comprising an insulating material including at least one a solid structure in the insulating space.
8. A product as set forth in claim 7 wherein the at least one a solid structure comprises a plurality of fibers bound together.
9. A product as set forth in claim 7 wherein the at least one solid structure comprises carbon dust.
10. A product comprising an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and a thermal containment device surrounding at least a portion of the accumulator constructed and arranged to reduce the loss of heat from hydraulic fluid stored in the accumulator.
1 1 . A method comprising:
providing a vehicle, a vehicle component, hydraulic fluid, and an accumulator constructed and arranged to store pressurized hydraulic fluid and having a thermal containment device surrounding a portion of the accumulator;
operating the vehicle so that the vehicle component warms the hydraulic fluid;
and pumping warm hydraulic fluid into the accumulator and storing at least a portion of the warm hydraulic fluid in the accumulator in a pressurized and warm state;
shutting down the vehicle,;
thereafter starting the vehicle, and releasing warm hydraulic fluid fluid from the accumulator 1 1 into the vehicle component.
12. A method as set forth in claim 1 1 wherein the vehicle component is a transmission.
13. A method as set forth in claim 1 1 wherein the vehicle component is a combustion engine.
14. A method as set forth in claim 1 1 wherein the vehicle component at least one of a combustion engine, transfer case, or axle housing.
PCT/US2015/040679 2014-07-29 2015-07-16 Combined heat storage and pressure storage accumulator Ceased WO2016018633A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/328,912 US20170211686A1 (en) 2014-07-29 2015-07-16 Combined heat storage and pressure storage accumulator
DE112015002958.3T DE112015002958T5 (en) 2014-07-29 2015-07-16 COMBINED HEAT AND PRESSURE MEMORY
CN201580040143.8A CN106662228A (en) 2014-07-29 2015-07-16 Combined heat storage and pressure storage accumulator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462030327P 2014-07-29 2014-07-29
US62/030,327 2014-07-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016018633A1 true WO2016018633A1 (en) 2016-02-04

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ID=55218182

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2015/040679 Ceased WO2016018633A1 (en) 2014-07-29 2015-07-16 Combined heat storage and pressure storage accumulator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20170211686A1 (en)
CN (1) CN106662228A (en)
DE (1) DE112015002958T5 (en)
WO (1) WO2016018633A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111022385B (en) * 2019-11-04 2021-04-27 浙江大学 Ocean temperature difference energy capture heat engine and its manufacturing method and ocean profile motion platform

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JP2002174106A (en) * 2000-12-05 2002-06-21 Aisan Ind Co Ltd Oil circulation device for engine
JP2004340201A (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-12-02 Toyota Motor Corp Lubrication device for vehicle power transmission mechanism
WO2007093832A1 (en) * 2006-02-17 2007-08-23 Zaza Akhmeteli Engine fluids temperature maintenance method and the fluids temperature control apparatus
US20100199941A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Internal combustion engine with dry sump lubrication
WO2014006265A1 (en) * 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 Lngtainer Ab Tank

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170211686A1 (en) 2017-07-27
CN106662228A (en) 2017-05-10
DE112015002958T5 (en) 2017-03-16

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