WO2016015640A1 - 沙化退化土壤改良剂、其制备方法及制备设备 - Google Patents

沙化退化土壤改良剂、其制备方法及制备设备 Download PDF

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WO2016015640A1
WO2016015640A1 PCT/CN2015/085392 CN2015085392W WO2016015640A1 WO 2016015640 A1 WO2016015640 A1 WO 2016015640A1 CN 2015085392 W CN2015085392 W CN 2015085392W WO 2016015640 A1 WO2016015640 A1 WO 2016015640A1
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equipment
gas
organic
soil
waste
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PCT/CN2015/085392
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French (fr)
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张大伟
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密西西比国际水务有限公司
亚马逊生物炭科技有限公司
张大伟
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Publication of WO2016015640A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015640A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
    • C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and more particularly to a desertification degraded soil improver, a preparation method thereof, an application thereof in improving desertification degraded soil, and an apparatus for preparing the same.
  • Organic waste includes: organic matter in municipal solid waste; agricultural crop straw, vegetable root, vegetable leaf; livestock manure, grass, livestock, animal husbandry, bedding, surplus feed; brewing industry and food processing industry waste; sewage treatment plant sludge Dry branches, fallen leaves, grass clippings, flower failures and other greening trims produced by landscaping. How to deal with these organic wastes has become a thorny issue in urban development.
  • China's land desertification and degradation are very serious.
  • the country's desertified land area is more than 1.7 million square kilometers, accounting for 18% of the country's land area.
  • the desertified land area is increasing at an annual rate of more than 3,000 square kilometers, seriously endangering the living space of the Chinese nation. .
  • Active coke is a good sewage treatment material.
  • the active coke for treating sewage requires a particle size of 1-8mm.
  • the use of active coke with a particle size below 1mm causes the resistance of the layer to be too high, and even blocks. Plug the filter layer to increase the power consumption of the pump.
  • the active coke powder having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less will be largely lost with gas during the active coke regeneration process, increasing the cost of water treatment. Therefore, in the active coke production process, it is necessary to sieve out the active coke powder having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less, and the activated coke powder having a particle diameter of less than 1 mm is discharged into waste.
  • Cow manure, straw, sludge, garbage and other composts produced by traditional techniques although high in organic matter and containing nutrients that promote plant growth, can also play a role in soil improvement, due to low carbon content and low specific surface area,
  • the nutrient release to the buffer fertilizer and soil pore regulation; can not improve the cation availability of the soil. Unable to raise the ground temperature, unable to accelerate rooting, unable to increase the soil aggregate structure, unable to improve the ability to resist wind erosion, unable to maintain soil moisture, and unable to increase resistance.
  • activated charcoal has high carbon content and large specific surface area, it cannot increase the inert calcium in the soil due to the lack of high organic matter content and contains nutrients that promote plant growth; it cannot increase the organic matter in the soil; it cannot increase the available nutrients in the soil. Promote crop growth.
  • the desertified degraded soil improving agent provided by the present invention is obtained by mixing organic carbon prepared by dry distillation of organic waste with active coke powder in a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.3, wherein the activated coke powder is The particle size is less than 3 mm.
  • the organic waste includes: organic matter in urban domestic garbage, crop straw, livestock manure, bedding, husk, sludge, dead branches, fallen leaves, grass clippings, flower loss or one of Several.
  • the organic matter in the municipal solid waste is pretreated by sorting and crushing equipment; the crop straw is pretreated by using crushing equipment; the livestock manure and the bedding are pretreated by dewatering equipment; and the shell is crushed by equipment.
  • the desertification degraded soil improver provided by the invention can be used for improving sandy desertification soil.
  • a pretreatment device for pretreating organic waste is connected to a feed end of the retorting device through a conveying device;
  • the gas of the retorting equipment is from the external fuel gas, and the mixed gas generated by the retorting equipment is separated by the vapor purification separation device, and the separated combustible gas is returned to the retorting equipment;
  • One end of the vapor purification separation device is connected to the oil-water separation device, and the other end is connected to the spray water;
  • the drain separated by the oil-water separation device is sent to the sewage treatment device, and the separated second biomass oil is sent to the oil storage device;
  • the organic carbon discharged by the dry distillation apparatus in the process of treating the organic waste is sent to the mixing equipment and mixed with the activated coke powder through a cooling device to obtain a soil improving agent;
  • the first biomass oil discharged by the pyrolysis equipment when treating the organic waste is sent to the oil storage device;
  • the dust and gas generated by the retorting equipment in the treatment of the organic waste are processed by the dedusting equipment and sent to the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube and the flue gas mixed pyrolysis treatment to remove the odor, and the gas recovered by the waste heat recovery equipment after the waste heat is sent to the chimney for discharge.
  • the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube is a high-temperature resistant stainless steel tube, and the outer layer has a heat insulation layer, and the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube body has a diameter of 1.5-2 times of the diameter of the flue gas pipe interface at both ends, and the flue gas pipe interface at both ends The diameter is 1.5-2 times the diameter of the gas pipe interface.
  • the invention uses organic waste (ie: organic matter in urban domestic garbage; agricultural crop straw, vegetable root, vegetable leaf; livestock manure, grass, livestock, animal husbandry, bedding, surplus feed; brewing industry and food processing industry waste; sewage Treatment plant sludge, litter, defoliation, grass clippings, flowering and other greening and trimming materials produced by landscaping, and waste (active coke powder) in the active coke industry are used as raw materials to prepare desertification degraded soil improvers.
  • Replenishing organic carbon with activated coke powder has low carbon content, less porosity and ratio The weakness of the low surface area, the use of organic carbon to supplement the active coke lacks the weakness of organic matter.
  • the desertification degraded soil improver has significant functions in improving desertified degraded soil: increasing the inert calcium in the soil; increasing the organic matter in the soil; increasing the available nutrients in the soil to promote the growth of the crop; and increasing the specific surface area through the adsorption It acts as a buffer fertilizer for nutrient release and soil pore regulation; it improves soil cation availability. Increase ground temperature, accelerate rooting, increase soil aggregate structure, improve wind erosion resistance, maintain soil moisture, and increase resistance.
  • the desertification degraded soil improver is used for desertification and degraded soil improvement, realizing the resource utilization of organic waste and activated coke powder, protecting the environment and promoting a virtuous circle of economy.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a desertification degraded soil improver of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the gas high temperature pyrolysis tube of FIG. 1.
  • the invention provides a desertification degraded soil improver prepared by using organic waste and activated coke as raw materials, wherein the composition of the desertification degraded soil improver is organic carbon prepared by dry distillation of organic waste and has a particle diameter of less than 3 mm.
  • the activated coke powder is mixed in a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.3.
  • the sewage treatment plant sludge is pretreated by drying and pressure filtration equipment;
  • the pretreated organic waste is sent to the dry distillation equipment through a conveying device for dry distillation to produce organic carbon:
  • Organic waste is a chemical reaction carried out in a dry distillation apparatus, sealed, anaerobic, non-combustion, and high temperature, including vaporization, pyrolysis, dehydrogenation, thermal condensation, and carbonization. Organic waste is converted into water vapor, non-condensable gas, biomass oil and organic carbon under the action of dry distillation and thermal decomposition.
  • the mixed vapor produced by the organic waste in the dry distillation process is transported to the vapor purification separation device, and the steam purification separation device has spray water; the spray water in the vapor purification separation device discharges the dry distillation device.
  • the vapor is condensed, purified, and separated.
  • the dust and odorous gas leaked from the process of processing organic waste in the retorting equipment is sent to the dust removal equipment for treatment, and then transported to the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube through the gas inlet of the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube, and the odorous gas is
  • the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube is mixed with the high-temperature flue gas to perform pyrolysis treatment to remove the odor;
  • the flue gas pipe interface at the other end of the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube is connected with the waste heat recovery device, and the flue gas after the residual heat recovery by the waste heat recovery device is sent to the chimney discharge .
  • the high-temperature flue gas generated by the use of external fuel gas and combustible gas passes through the high-temperature pyrolysis tube of the gas and enters the waste heat recovery equipment.
  • the waste heat recovery equipment recovers the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas.
  • the flue gas treated by the waste heat recovery equipment is discharged from the chimney.
  • the first biomass oil discharged from the process of processing organic waste by the dry distillation equipment is sent to the oil storage equipment.
  • the combustible gas discharged from the vapor purification separation device is used as fuel for the retorting equipment.
  • the steam purification separation equipment is treated by the oil-water separation equipment and sent to the sewage treatment equipment for treatment, and the second biomass oil discharged from the oil-water separator is sent to the oil storage equipment.
  • the prepared organic carbon is cooled and mixed with the active coke powder at a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.3 to prepare a desertified soil amendment.
  • the active coke breeze is activated coke produced from blue carbon having a particle size of less than 3 mm.
  • the desertified degraded soil conditioner is uniformly spread on the surface of the ground at 2 to 6 tons per acre, and then the soil having a depth of 300 mm is thoroughly mixed with the soil conditioner. Or use a mixture of soil and soil improver in a volume ratio of 25-75:1.
  • the organic waste of the invention refers to the organic matter in the municipal solid waste; the agricultural crop straw; the livestock manure and the grass in the animal husbandry industry; the coconut shell and the fruit shell of the food processing industry; the sewage treatment plant sludge, the landscaping production Dead branches, fallen leaves, grass clippings, flower failure and other green trimmings.
  • the soil amendment of the present invention has a remarkable function in improving desertified degraded soil:
  • the desertification degraded soil amendment is used for desertification and degraded soil improvement to realize the resource utilization of organic waste and activated coke powder, protect the environment, and promote a virtuous cycle of economy.
  • the device for preparing desertification degraded soil improver comprises: pretreatment equipment, conveying equipment, retorting equipment, vapor purification separation equipment, oil water separation equipment, sewage treatment equipment, oil storage equipment, cooling equipment, mixing equipment, dust removal equipment , gas high temperature pyrolysis tube, waste heat recovery Ready.
  • the pretreatment apparatus 2 for pretreating the organic waste 1 is connected to the feed end of the retorting apparatus 4 through the conveying apparatus 3, and the gas of the retorting apparatus 4 is derived from the external fuel gas 21, and the mixed gas generated by the retorting apparatus 4 11 is separated by the vapor purification separation device 12, and the separated combustible gas 13 is returned to the retorting device 4;
  • One end of the vapor purification separation device 12 is connected to the oil-water separation device 14, and the other end is connected to the spray water 17; the drain 15 separated by the oil-water separation device 14 is sent to the sewage treatment device 16, and the separated second biomass oil 20 is sent to the storage. Oil equipment 19;
  • the organic carbon 5 discharged by the pyrolysis equipment 4 when the organic waste is processed is sent to the mixing device 7 through the cooling device 6 and mixed with the activated coke 8 to obtain a desertified degraded soil improver 9;
  • the first biomass oil 18 discharged by the pyrolysis device 4 when processing the organic waste is sent to the oil storage device 19;
  • the dust and gas 22 generated by the pyrolysis equipment 4 during the treatment of the organic waste is processed by the dust removing device 23 and sent to the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube 24 and the flue gas 25 to be mixed and pyrolyzed to remove the odor, and the residual heat recovery device 26 recovers the residual heat.
  • the gas is delivered to the chimney 27 for discharge.
  • the gas high temperature pyrolysis tube 24 in one embodiment of the present invention is a high temperature resistant stainless steel tube, and has a heat insulating layer 24-3 on the outside, and the flue gas pipe interface 24-1 at both ends has a diameter of 300 mm to 500 mm.
  • the length is 300mm
  • the middle body pipe diameter is 600mm-800mm
  • the length is 1500mm-2000mm
  • the gas pipe interface 24-2 is near the end of the flue gas intake.
  • the organic waste 1 is first pretreated by the pretreatment apparatus 2, and the pretreatment apparatus 2 is a well-known apparatus; the pretreated organic waste 1 is sent to the retorting apparatus 4 through the conveying apparatus 3 to be organic.
  • Charcoal 5 The conveying device 3 is a known device.
  • the dry distillation apparatus 4 is a well-known apparatus, and "a apparatus for producing biochar" (Patent No. ZL 2010 2 0562292.5, authorized publication number CN201825737U) can be employed.
  • the organic waste 1 is a chemical reaction carried out in a dry distillation apparatus 4 in a sealed, oxygen-free, non-combustion, high-temperature state, and includes a reaction such as vaporization, pyrolysis, dehydrogenation, thermal condensation, and carbonization.
  • the organic waste 1 converts organic matter into water vapor, non-condensable gas, biomass oil and organic carbon under the action of dry distillation and thermal decomposition.
  • the mixed vapor 11 produced by the organic waste 1 in the dry distillation process is sent to the vapor purification separation device 12, and the vapor purification separation device 12 has the spray water 17, and the vapor purification separation device 12 It is a well-known device.
  • the shower water 17 in the vapor separation and purification device 12 condenses, purifies, and separates the mixed vapor 11 discharged from the retorting device 4.
  • the dry distillation apparatus 4 delivers the dust and the odorous gas 22 leaked during the processing of the organic waste 1 to the dust removing device 23, and then to the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube 24, and then recovers the waste heat after the waste heat recovery device 26 Delivered to the chimney 27 for discharge.
  • the dust removing device 23 is a well-known device.
  • the function of the gas high temperature pyrolysis tube 24 is to mix the dust and odorous gas 22 with the high temperature pyrolysis tube 24 and the high temperature flue gas to perform pyrolysis treatment to remove the odor.
  • One end of the gas high temperature pyrolysis tube 24 provided with the gas inlet 24-1 is connected to the dust remover, and the other end of the gas high temperature pyrolysis tube 24 is connected to the waste heat recovery device 26.
  • the high-temperature flue gas 25 generated by the combustion of the external fuel gas 21 and the combustible gas 13 passes through the gas high-temperature pyrolysis tube 24 and enters the waste heat recovery device 26, and the waste heat recovery device 26 will heat the high temperature smoke.
  • the waste heat in the gas 25 is recovered, and the flue gas treated by the waste heat recovery device 26 is discharged by the chimney 27.
  • the waste heat recovery device 26 is a well-known device.
  • the retorting device 4 is an oil storage device 19 that is delivered by the biomass oil 1 discharged during the processing of the organic waste 1, and the oil storage device 19 is a known device.
  • the vapor purification separation device 12 treats the combustible gas 13 discharged after the mixed vapor 11 as a fuel of the retorting device 4.
  • the drainage of the vapor purification separation device 12 is sent to the oil-water separation device 14 for treatment, and the drainage 15 of the oil-water separation device 14 is treated by the sewage treatment device 16, and the oil storage device 19 is discharged by the biomass oil 2 discharged from the oil-water separation device 14.
  • the oil-water separation device 14 and the sewage treatment device 16 are well-known devices.
  • the produced organic carbon 5 is cooled by a cooling device 6 (below 40 ° C), sent to a mixing device 7, and the activated coke 8 is added to the mixing device 7.
  • the organic carbon 5 and the activated coke powder 8 were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0 to 0.3 to prepare a desertified soil-improving agent 9.
  • the mixing device 7 is a well-known device, and the cooling device 6 is also a well-known device, which can be used ("a rotary high-temperature active coke cooling device" patent number ZL 2007 1 0100241.3, authorization bulletin number CN 101318650B).
  • the desertified degraded soil improver 9 is uniformly sprinkled on the surface of the soil 10 to be modified at a pitch of 2.5-6 tons per mu, and then the soil having a depth of 300 mm to be modified and the desertified degraded soil improver 9 sprinkled thereon are subjected to Flip the mix. Or the soil and soil amendments modified as needed are mixed in a ratio of 25-75:1 by volume to improve the desertified soil.

Abstract

一种沙化退化土壤改良剂，是由经过干馏处理有机废弃物制成的有机炭与活性焦粉按重量比1∶0.1-0.3混合而成。上述土壤改良剂的方法是A）将有机废弃物进行预处理；B）预处理后的有机废弃物进行干馏处理制成有机炭；C）将有机炭与活性焦粉按重量比1∶0.1-0.3混合，得到沙化退化土壤改良剂。本发明还公开了用于制备上述沙化退化土壤改良剂的设备。

Description

沙化退化土壤改良剂、其制备方法及制备设备 技术领域
本发明涉及土壤改良技术领域，更具体地涉及一种沙化退化土壤改良剂、其制备方法、其在改良沙化退化土壤中的应用，以及制备其的设备。
背景技术
我国每年产生有机废弃物数量巨大，据统计，仅北京市2013年就产生污水处理厂污泥100万吨、生活垃圾1000万吨、园林废弃物400万吨全世界每年有超过10亿吨的有机废弃物。
有机废弃物包括：城市生活垃圾中的有机物；农业的农作物秸秆、菜根、菜叶；畜牧养殖业的畜禽粪便、垫草、剩余饲料；酿造业及食品加工业废弃物；污水处理厂污泥，园林绿化产生的枯枝、落叶、草屑、花败及其它绿化修剪物等等。如何处理这些有机废弃物成为城市发展中的棘手问题。
传统的有机废弃物处理方法，不但老问题得不到解决，又产生一些新问题。例如：垃圾、污泥、秸秆等焚烧处理释放二恶英、呋喃等有毒气体和有害的炉渣及灰尘等；垃圾、污泥等填埋不仅占用大量土地，而且排放臭味和沼气，且不能根除污染，填埋残余物一旦暴露出来，其扩散和污染的速度远远大于不填埋，某种程度上说是一种污染的转移甚至加剧。
我国土地沙化、退化非常严重，全国沙化土地面积达170多万平方公里，占国土面积的18％，而且，沙化土地面积还在以每年3000多平方公里的速度在增加，严重危及中华民族生存空间。
土壤沙化、退化的最主要的原因是土壤中缺乏有机质和炭。据测算，仅我国沙化、退化土壤改良，就需要有机质17亿吨。而改良沙化、退化土壤的出路就是增加土壤中的有机质。
活性焦是一种很好的污水处理材料，但是，处理污水的活性焦要求粒径为1-8mm，使用粒径1mm以下的活性焦造成料层阻力过高，甚至会堵 塞过滤层，增加水泵的耗电。而且，粒径1mm以下的活性焦粉在活性焦再生过程中会大部分随气体流失，增加水处理成本。因此，在活性焦生产过程中，需要将粒径1mm以下的活性焦粉筛出来，筛出来的粒径小于1mm的活性焦粉成为废弃物。
牛粪、秸秆、污泥、垃圾等用传统的工艺生产的堆肥，虽然有机质含量高和含有促进植物生长的养分，虽然也能起到土壤改良作用，由于炭含量低和比表面积低，无法起到缓冲肥料养分释放和土壤孔隙调节作用；无法提高土壤的阳离子有效性。无法提高地温，无法加速生根，无法增加土壤团粒结构，无法提高抗御风蚀能力，无法保持土壤水分，无法增加抗逆性。而活性焦虽然含碳量高和比表面积大，由于缺少有机质含量高和含有促进植物生长的养分，无法增加土壤中的惰性钙；无法增加土壤中的有机质；无法增加土壤中的速效养分，无法促进作物生长。
一方面大量的沙化、退化土地需要土壤改良剂进行改良；另一方面，城市生活、农业、畜牧业等产生大量的有机废弃物无法处理；活性焦行业产生大量的活性焦粉无法处理；不仅造成巨大的资源浪费，还严重污染环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于改良沙化退化土壤的土壤改良剂。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种制备上述沙化退化土壤改良剂的方法。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种用于制备上述沙化退化土壤改良剂的设备。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的沙化退化土壤改良剂，是由经过干馏处理有机废弃物制成的有机炭与活性焦粉按重量比1∶0.1-0.3混合而成，其中，活性焦粉的粒径小于3mm。
本发明提供的制备上述沙化退化土壤改良剂的方法：
A)将有机废弃物进行预处理；
B)预处理后的有机废弃物进行干馏处理制成有机炭；
C)将有机炭与活性焦粉按重量比1∶0.1-0.3混合，得到土壤改良剂。
所述的方法中，有机废弃物包括：城市生活垃圾中的有机物、农作物秸秆、畜禽粪便、垫草、果壳、污泥、枯枝、落叶、草屑、花败中的一种或向几种。
所述的方法中，城市生活垃圾中的有机物采用分选、破碎设备进行预处理；农作物秸秆采用破碎设备进行预处理；畜禽粪便、垫草采用脱水设备进行预处理；果壳采用破碎设备进行预处理；污泥采用干化、压滤设备进行预处理；枯枝、落叶、草屑和花败采用破碎设备进行预处理。
本发明提供的沙化退化土壤改良剂可以用于改良沙化退化土壤。
本发明提供的用于制备上述沙化退化土壤改良剂的设备：
用于预处理有机废弃物的预处理设备通过输送设备与干馏设备的进料端连接；
干馏设备的燃气来自外燃料气，干馏设备产生的混合气体经汽体净化分离设备分离，分离出的可燃气返回至干馏设备；
汽体净化分离设备的一端连接油水分离设备，另一端连接喷淋水；
油水分离设备分离出的排水输送至污水处理设备，分离出的第二生物质油输送至储油设备；
干馏设备在处理有机废弃物时排出的有机炭经冷却设备输送至混合设备与活性焦粉进行混合，得到土壤改良剂；
干馏设备在处理有机废弃物时排出的第一生物质油输送至储油设备；
干馏设备在处理有机废弃物时产生的粉尘和气体经除尘设备处理后输送到气体高温热解管与烟气混合热解处理去除气味，经余热回收设备回收余热后的气体输送到烟囱排放。
所述的设备中，气体高温热解管为耐高温不锈钢管，外面有隔热层，气体高温热解管本体直径为两端烟气管接口直径的1.5-2倍，两端烟气管接口直径为气体管接口直径的1.5-2倍。
本发明以有机废弃物(即：城市生活垃圾中的有机物；农业的农作物秸秆、菜根、菜叶；畜牧养殖业的畜禽粪便、垫草、剩余饲料；酿造业及食品加工业废弃物；污水处理厂污泥，园林绿化产生的枯枝、落叶、草屑、花败及其它绿化修剪物等)和活性焦行业的废弃物(活性焦粉)为原料，制备沙化退化土壤改良剂。用活性焦粉补充有机炭含碳量低、孔隙少、比 表面积低的弱点，用有机炭补充活性焦缺少有机质的弱点。使沙化退化土壤改良剂在改良沙化退化土壤方面具有显著的功能：增加土壤中的惰性钙；增加土壤中的有机质；增加土壤中的速效养分，促进作物生长；由于比表面积提高，可以通过吸附作用起到缓冲肥料养分释放和土壤孔隙调节作用；提高土壤的阳离子有效性。提高地温，加速生根，增加土壤团粒结构，提高抗御风蚀能力，保持土壤水分，增加抗逆性。并将该沙化退化土壤改良剂用于沙化、退化土壤改良，实现有机废弃物和活性焦粉的资源化利用，保护环境，促进经济良性循环。
附图说明
为了更进一步说明本发明的内容，以下结合附图对本发明做详细描述，其中：
图1是本发明的沙化退化土壤改良剂的制备工艺流程图；
图2是图1中的气体高温热解管示意图。
附图中符号说明：
1、有机废弃物；2、预处理设备；3、输送设备；4、干馏设备；5、有机炭；6、冷却设备；7、混合设备；8、活性焦粉；9、沙化退化土壤改良剂；10、需要改良的土壤；11、混合气体；12、汽体净化分离设备；13、可燃气；14、油水分离设备；15、排水；16、污水处理设备；17、喷淋水；18、第一生物质油；19、储油设备；20、第二生物质油；21、外来燃料气；22、粉尘和有味气体；23、除尘设备；24、气体高温热解管；24-1、烟气管接口；24-2、气体管接口；24-3、隔热层；25、烟气；26、余热回收设备；27、烟囱。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
本发明提供了一种以有机废弃物和活性焦为原料制备的沙化退化土壤改良剂，该沙化退化土壤改良剂的组成是由经过干馏处理有机废弃物制成的有机炭与粒径小于3mm的活性焦粉按重量比1∶0.1-0.3混合而成。
本发明的沙化退化土壤改良剂的制备流程工艺如图1所示：
一、将有机废弃物采用预处理设备进行预处理：
1、城市生活垃圾中的有机物采用分选、破碎设备进行处理；
2、农业的农作物秸秆采用破碎设备进行预处理；
3、畜牧养殖业的畜禽粪便、垫草采用脱水设备进行预处理；
4、食品加工业的椰壳、果壳采用破碎设备进行预处理；
5、污水处理厂污泥采用干化、压滤设备进行预处理；
6、园林绿化产生的枯枝、落叶、草屑、花败及其它绿化修剪物采用破碎设备进行预处理。
二、将经过预处理的有机废弃物通过输送设备送到干馏设备中进行干馏处理制成有机炭：
1、有机废弃物是在干馏设备内，密封、无氧、非燃烧、高温状态下进行的化学反应，包括汽化、热解、脱氢、热缩合、炭化等反应。有机废弃物在干馏和热分解的作用下，将有机废弃物转化为水蒸汽、不凝性气体、生物质油和有机炭。
2、有机废弃物在干馏过程中产生的混合汽体输送到汽体净化分离设备中，汽体净化分离设备内有喷淋水；汽体净化分离设备内的喷淋水将干馏设备排出的混合汽体进行冷凝、净化、分离处理。
3、干馏设备在加工有机废弃物过程中泄漏出的粉尘和有味气体输送到除尘设备处理后，再通过气体高温热解管的气体进口输送到气体高温热解管中，将有味气体在气体高温热解管内与高温烟气混合，进行热解处理去除气味；气体高温热解管另一端的烟气管接口与余热回收设备连接，经余热回收设备回收余热后的烟气输送到烟囱排放。
4、干馏设备在加工有机废弃物过程中，使用外来燃料气和可燃气燃烧后产生的高温烟气经过气体高温热解管后进入余热回收设备，余热回收设备将高温烟气中的余热进行回收，经过余热回收设备处理后的烟气由烟囱排放。
5、干馏设备在加工有机废弃物过程中排出的第一生物质油输送至储油设备。
三、汽体净化分离设备排出的可燃气作为干馏设备的燃料。汽体净化分离设备排水经过油水分离设备处理后，输送到污水处理设备进行处理，油水分离器排出的第二生物质油输送至储油设备。
四、将制成的有机炭进行冷却后与活性焦粉按重量比1∶0.1-0.3混合制成沙化退化土壤改良剂。在本发明的一个实施例中，活性焦粉为用兰炭生产、粒径小于3mm的活性焦。
在本发明的一个实施例中，将沙化退化土壤改良剂按每亩2-6吨均匀地撒在地表面，然后将地表面深度为300mm的土与土壤改良剂进行翻混。或按土与土壤改良剂体积比25-75∶1混合使用。
本发明的有机废弃物是指城市生活垃圾中的有机物；农业的农作物秸秆；畜牧养殖业的畜禽粪便、垫草；食品加工业的椰壳、果壳；污水处理厂污泥，园林绿化产生的枯枝、落叶、草屑、花败及其它绿化修剪物等。
本发明的土壤改良剂在改良沙化退化土壤方面具有显著的功能：
●增加土壤中的惰性钙；
●增加土壤中的有机质；
●增加土壤中的速效养分，促进作物生长；
●提高土壤的阳离子有效性；
●提高地温，加速生根，增加土壤团粒结构，提高抗御风蚀能力，保持土壤水分，增加抗逆性；
●由于沙化退化土壤改良剂比表面积提高，可以通过吸附作用起到缓冲肥料养分释放和土壤孔隙调节作用；
●将该沙化退化土壤改良剂用于沙化、退化土壤改良，实现有机废弃物和活性焦粉的资源化利用，保护环境，促进经济良性循环。
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述，应当理解，优选实施例仅是为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明用于制备沙化退化土壤改良剂的设备包括：预处理设备、输送设备、干馏设备、汽体净化分离设备、油水分离设备、污水处理设备、储油设备、冷却设备、混合设备、除尘设备、气体高温热解管、余热回收设 备。
具体地说，用于预处理有机废弃物1的预处理设备2，通过输送设备3与干馏设备4的进料端连接，干馏设备4的燃气来自外燃料气21，干馏设备4产生的混合气体11经汽体净化分离设备12分离，分离出的可燃气13返回至干馏设备4；
汽体净化分离设备12的一端连接油水分离设备14，另一端连接喷淋水17；油水分离设备14分离出的排水15输送至污水处理设备16，分离出的第二生物质油20输送至储油设备19；
干馏设备4在处理有机废弃物时排出的有机炭5经冷却设备6输送至混合设备7与活性焦粉8进行混合，得到沙化退化土壤改良剂9；
干馏设备4在处理有机废弃物时排出的第一生物质油18输送至储油设备19；
干馏设备4在处理有机废弃物时产生的粉尘和气体22经除尘设备23处理后输送到气体高温热解管24与烟气25混合热解处理去除气味，经余热回收设备26回收余热后的烟气输送到烟囱27排放。本发明的一个实施例中的气体高温热解管24如图2所示，为耐高温不锈钢管，外面有隔热层24-3，两端的烟气管接口24-1直径为300mm-500mm，长度为300mm，中间的本体管道直径为600mm-800mm，长1500mm-2000mm，靠近烟气进气的一端有气体管接口24-2。
本发明上述设备中，先将有机废弃物1采用预处理设备2进行预处理，预处理设备2为公知设备；经过预处理的有机废弃物1通过输送设备3送到干馏设备4中制成有机炭5。输送设备3为公知设备。干馏设备4为公知设备，可以采用“一种制造生物炭的装置”(专利号ZL 2010 2 0562292.5，授权公告号CN201825737U)。
有机废弃物1是在干馏设备4中密封、无氧、非燃烧、高温状态下进行的化学反应，包括汽化、热解、脱氢、热缩合、炭化等反应。有机废弃物1在干馏和热分解的作用下，将有机物转化为水蒸汽、不凝性气体、生物质油和有机炭。
有机废弃物1在干馏过程中产生的混合汽体11输送到汽体净化分离设备12中，汽体净化分离设备12内有喷淋水17，汽体净化分离设备12 为公知设备。汽体分离净化设备12内的喷淋水17将干馏设备4排出的混合汽体11进行冷凝、净化、分离处理。
干馏设备4在加工有机废弃物1过程中泄漏出的粉尘和有味气体22输送到除尘设备23处理后，再输送到气体高温热解管24，然后经余热回收设备26回收余热后的烟气输送到烟囱27排放。除尘设备23为公知设备。气体高温热解管24的作用是将经过粉尘和有味气体22在气体高温热解管24与高温烟气混合，进行热解处理去除气味。气体高温热解管24的设有气体进口24-1的一端与除尘器连接，气体高温热解管24的另一端与余热回收设备26连接。
干馏设备4在加工有机废弃物1过程中，使用外来燃料气21和可燃气13燃烧后产生的高温烟气25经过气体高温热解管24后进入余热回收设备26，余热回收设备26将高温烟气25中的余热进行回收，经过余热回收设备26处理后的烟气由烟囱27排放。余热回收设备26为公知设备。
干馏设备4在加工有机废弃物1过程中排出的生物质油1输送的储油设备19，储油设备19为公知设备。
汽体净化分离设备12处理混合汽体11后排出的可燃气13作为干馏设备4的燃料。汽体净化分离设备12的排水输送到油水分离设备14进行处理，油水分离设备14的排水15采用污水处理设备16进行处理，油水分离设备14排出的生物质油2输送的储油设备19。油水分离设备14和污水处理设备16为公知设备。
将制成的有机炭5经过冷却设备6进行冷却后(40℃以下)，输送到混合设备7，将活性焦粉8加入混合设备7。将有机炭5与活性焦粉8按重量比1∶0-0.3的比例混合，制成沙化退化土壤改良剂9。混合设备7为公知设备，冷却设备6也是公知设备，可以采用(“一种回转式高温活性焦冷却设备”专利号ZL 2007 1 0100241.3，授权公告号CN 101318650B)。
将沙化退化土壤改良剂9按每亩2.5-6吨均匀地撒在需要改良的土壤10的表面，然后将需要改良的土壤表面深度为300mm的土与撒在上面的沙化退化土壤改良剂9进行翻混。或按需要改良的土壤与土壤改良剂按体积比25-75∶1的比例混合使用，实现对沙化退化土壤的改良。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种沙化退化土壤改良剂，是由经过干馏处理有机废弃物制成的有机炭与活性焦粉按重量比1∶0.1-0.3混合而成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的沙化退化土壤改良剂，其中，活性焦粉的粒径小于3mm。
  3. 一种制备权利要求1所述沙化退化土壤改良剂的方法：
    A)将有机废弃物进行预处理；
    B)预处理后的有机废弃物进行干馏处理制成有机炭；
    C)将有机炭与活性焦粉按重量比1∶0.1-0.3混合，得到沙化退化土壤改良剂。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，有机废弃物包括：城市生活垃圾中的有机物、农作物秸秆、畜禽粪便、垫草、果壳、污泥、枯枝、落叶、草屑、花败中的一种或几种。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其中，城市生活垃圾中的有机物采用分选、破碎设备进行预处理；农作物秸秆采用破碎设备进行预处理；畜禽粪便、垫草采用脱水设备进行预处理；果壳采用破碎设备进行预处理；污泥采用干化、压滤设备进行预处理；枯枝、落叶、草屑和花败采用破碎设备进行预处理。
  6. 权利要求1所述沙化退化土壤改良剂在改良沙化退化土壤中的应用。
  7. 一种用于制备权利要求1所述沙化退化土壤改良剂的设备：
    用于预处理有机废弃物(1)的预处理设备(2)通过输送设备(3)与干馏设备(4)的进料端连接；
    干馏设备(4)的燃气来自外燃料气(21)，干馏设备(4)产生的混合气体(11)经汽体净化分离设备(12)分离，分离出的可燃气(13)返回至干馏设备(4)；
    汽体净化分离设备(12)的一端连接油水分离设备(14)，另一端连接喷淋水(17)；
    油水分离设备(14)分离出的排水(15)输送至污水处理设备(16)， 分离出的第二生物质油(20)输送至储油设备(19)；
    干馏设备(4)在处理有机废弃物时排出的有机炭(5)经冷却设备(6)输送至混合设备(7)与活性焦粉(8)进行混合，得到土壤改良剂(9)；
    干馏设备(4)在处理有机废弃物时排出的第一生物质油(18)输送至储油设备(19)；
    干馏设备(4)在处理有机废弃物时产生的粉尘和气体(22)经除尘设备(23)处理后输送到气体高温热解管(24)与烟气(25)混合热解处理去除气味，经余热回收设备(26)回收余热后的烟气输送到烟囱(27)排放。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中，气体高温热解管为耐高温不锈钢管。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的设备，其中，气体高温热解管本体直径为两端烟气管接口直径的1.5-2倍，两端烟气管接口直径为气体管接口直径的1.5-2倍。
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CN104140820B (zh) * 2014-07-29 2017-05-24 密西西比国际水务有限公司 一种用有机废弃物和活性焦制备的沙化退化土壤改良剂
CN104438297B (zh) * 2014-12-10 2016-07-13 密西西比国际水务有限公司 一种处理有机垃圾的方法和装置
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