WO2016011833A1 - Appareil de commande de charge et de déformation de pale de turbine éolienne - Google Patents

Appareil de commande de charge et de déformation de pale de turbine éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016011833A1
WO2016011833A1 PCT/CN2015/077243 CN2015077243W WO2016011833A1 WO 2016011833 A1 WO2016011833 A1 WO 2016011833A1 CN 2015077243 W CN2015077243 W CN 2015077243W WO 2016011833 A1 WO2016011833 A1 WO 2016011833A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
turbine blade
blade
deformation
rotating shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/077243
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
顾蕴松
李琳恺
孙之骏
Original Assignee
南京航空航天大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 南京航空航天大学 filed Critical 南京航空航天大学
Publication of WO2016011833A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016011833A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wind turbines, in particular to a wind turbine auxiliary device.
  • wind energy is widely used as a kind of renewable clean energy.
  • Large-scale grid-connected horizontal-axis wind turbines (hereinafter referred to as wind turbines) have become the main form of utilizing wind energy.
  • the blade of the wind turbine acts as a wind-trapping device and is responsible for absorbing wind energy.
  • the design of the wind turbine directly determines the performance and reliability of the unit.
  • the blade length has increased from more than ten meters and tens of meters to more than one hundred meters.
  • the power of wind turbines has been increased from kilowatts to megawatts, effectively reducing wind power generation. Electricity costs. Therefore, the large-scale wind turbine has become a trend in the wind power industry.
  • the aerodynamic loads experienced by the wind turbine blades increase exponentially. Especially in the harsh conditions such as strong winds or gusts, the existing variable speed pitching mechanism can not quickly remove the sudden load and huge structural deformation, and even cause collisions between the blade and the tower, thus affecting Wind turbine safety and service life.
  • the tip winglet will not be well controlled.
  • the effect; the tip-opening pneumatic brake can reduce the impeller speed in time under some large wind speed conditions, but the braking process is complicated and complex mechanical control devices are needed. Once working, the impeller rotation needs to be stopped to retract it to its original position.
  • the traditional mechanical brakes convert the kinetic energy into heat energy through the wear of the brake pads, which not only causes the brake efficiency to drop, but also increases the additional energy consumption. In addition, the dynamic response is slow and safe. Loading complexes is also a common problem with existing control methods.
  • the main aerodynamic load and the capturing capacity of the blade are mainly concentrated near the blade tip. Therefore, the area near the tip is a sensitive area for controlling the blade load and deformation.
  • the control device By installing the control device at the tip, the load distribution and structural deformation of the entire blade can be effectively changed, and the wind turbine speed and output power can be stabilized.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for controlling the load and deformation of a wind turbine blade with simple structure, which is suitable for various working conditions, and can quickly remove the wind turbine blade caused by the environment by simple adjustment.
  • the sudden load and large structural deformation ensure that the wind turbine has stable speed and output power as well as safety.
  • the invention discloses a device for controlling load and deformation of a wind turbine blade, which comprises a freely rotating blade, a rudder surface and a rudder surface driving device.
  • the wind turbine blade is a carrier for mounting the device for controlling the load and deformation of the wind turbine blade, the freely rotating blade being mounted to the top end of the wind turbine blade by the first rotary pair, the first rotational secondary axis being perpendicular to the cross section of the wind turbine blade; the control surface
  • the second rotating pair is mounted on the trailing edge of the freely rotatable blade, and the axes of the first rotating pair and the second rotating pair are parallel.
  • the rudder surface driving device is a steering gear installed inside the freely rotatable blade, and the rudder surface is connected to the steering gear through a transmission rod.
  • the steering gear is embedded in the freely rotatable blade instead of the freely rotatable blade surface to ensure a smooth, non-embossed surface of the freely rotatable blade.
  • the steering gear can change the angle of the rudder surface through the transmission rod to change rapidly, changing the aerodynamic shape of the freely rotating blade, thereby changing the surface pressure distribution and aerodynamic characteristics of the freely rotating blade.
  • it has a high pneumatic brake function, which can reduce the load of the wind turbine and stabilize the output power.
  • At low wind speeds it has the function of increasing the speed of the wind turbine, reducing the starting wind speed and smoothing the output power.
  • the angle of rotation of the rudder surface relative to the freely rotating blade string ranges from -30° to +30°.
  • the first rotating pair includes a rotating shaft and a rotating shaft fixing device, and one end of the rotating shaft is installed in the rotating shaft fixing device, and the rotating shaft is rotatable relative to the rotating shaft fixing device, that is, the freely rotating blade is freely rotatable around the rotating shaft Rotation, the angle of rotation ranges from -180° to +180°.
  • the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the freely rotating blade, and the rotating shaft fixing device is fixedly mounted inside the wind turbine blade, or the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the wind turbine blade, and the rotating shaft fixing device is fixedly mounted and freely rotated.
  • the interior of the moving blade is fixedly connected with the freely rotating blade, and the rotating shaft fixing device is fixedly mounted inside the wind turbine blade, or the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the wind turbine blade, and the rotating shaft fixing device is fixedly mounted and freely rotated.
  • the second rotating pair is a hinge.
  • the device for controlling wind turbine blade load and deformation further includes a damping adjuster that applies damping to the rotating shaft.
  • the damping adjuster is provided with a locking device for locking the rotating shaft.
  • the freely rotating blade 5 has a radial length of 5% to 50% of the radial length of the wind turbine blade, and the planar shape is a straight form or a sharpened form, and the freely rotating blade is close to
  • the cross-sectional shape of the end of the wind turbine blade matches the cross-sectional shape of the top end of the wind turbine blade.
  • the position of the rotating shaft is close to the leading edge of the wind turbine blade.
  • the rudder surface chordwise dimension is 10% to 30% of the chordwise dimension of the freely rotating blade.
  • the device for controlling the load and deformation of the wind turbine blade further comprises a closed loop control system composed of the incoming flow detector, the onboard processor, the control system and the wind turbine operating state detector.
  • the closed-loop feedback control system is used to monitor the flow velocity, wind direction and wind turbine operating state, and can automatically send control signals to the steering gear in the free-rotating blade according to the incoming flow condition and the wind turbine state, realizing closed-loop feedback control without human intervention. And operation.
  • the device for controlling the load and deformation of the wind turbine blade of the present invention controls the flow field state of the blade tip portion of the wind turbine blade, thereby achieving the following beneficial effects:
  • the angle change of the rudder surface By using the angle change of the rudder surface, the angle of attack between the freely rotating blade and the incoming flow direction can be changed, thereby adjusting the aerodynamic load of the blade: at a low wind speed, the actual angle of attack of the freely rotating blade can be increased, and the main The lift and torque of the blade stabilize the power generation of the wind turbine; at high wind speeds, the actual angle of attack of the freely rotating blades can be reduced, the lift and torque of the main blades can be reduced, and the load of the impeller can be reduced. Since the deformation of the blade is positively correlated with the blade tip load, reducing the aerodynamic load of the blade tip can effectively suppress the deformation of the main blade.
  • Free-rotating blades have a high dynamic response rate, enabling load reduction and deformation control in a very short time.
  • the dynamic response rate of the free-rotating blades can be adjusted by the damping regulator to meet the control requirements under different working conditions. When no control is required, it can be locked to form an integral wind turbine blade.
  • the closed-loop feedback control system is used to realize the intelligent regulation of the whole work envelope, without human intervention and control.
  • the control device can be used for a pitch wind turbine, and can also be used for a fixed wind turbine, and has good versatility.
  • the invention has a wide application range and can be modified on the existing mature commercial wind turbine blades. It not only saves valuable time and re-research and development expenses, but also improves the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blades under different working conditions, stabilizes the output power of wind turbines under different wind speeds, and expands the working envelope of wind turbines. It is beneficial to increase the annual power generation of wind turbines and also increase the safety of blades and related equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a device for controlling load and deformation of a wind turbine blade mounted on a wind turbine blade according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the apparatus for controlling load and deformation of a wind turbine blade according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus for controlling load and deformation of a wind turbine blade of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of the device for controlling the load and deformation of a wind turbine blade according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of the control of the closed loop control system.
  • a device for controlling the load and deformation of a wind turbine blade includes a damping adjuster 2, a rotating shaft fixing device 3, a rotating shaft 4, a freely rotating blade 5, a steering surface 7, a steering gear 6, Transmission rod 8, hinge 9.
  • the radial length of the freely rotating blade 5 is the radial length of the wind turbine blade 1 5% to 50%, the radial length of the freely rotatable blade 5 is determined according to factors such as the use environment, the length of the wind turbine blade 1, and the like.
  • the planar shape is a straight form or a sharpened form, and the sectional shape of the freely rotatable blade 5 matches the sectional shape of the tip end of the wind turbine blade 1, and the freely rotating blade 5 is close to the section chord length of the wind turbine blade 1 and the wind turbine blade 1
  • the cross section of the top section is consistent.
  • the freely rotating blade 5 is mounted to the top end of the wind turbine blade 1 via a rotating shaft 4 and a rotating shaft fixing device 3, and one end of the rotating shaft 4 is mounted in the rotating shaft fixing device 3, and the rotating shaft 4 is rotatable relative to the rotating shaft fixing device 3, and the rotating shaft 4 and the freely rotating blade 5 are rotated.
  • the fixed connection can be regarded as a whole
  • the shaft fixing device 3 is installed inside the wind turbine blade 1, and the freely rotating blade 5 and the rotating shaft 4 are freely rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the cross section of the wind turbine blade 1, and the rotation angle range thereof is -180° to 180°.
  • the rotating shaft 4 is fixedly coupled to the wind turbine blade 1, and the rotating shaft fixing device 3 is mounted inside the freely rotatable blade 5.
  • the axis of the rotating shaft 4 is perpendicular to the cross section of the wind turbine blade 1.
  • the position of the rotating shaft 4 is close to the leading edge of the wind turbine blade 1.
  • the central position of the rotating shaft 4 is located on the chord of the freely rotating blade section, preferably 15% of the chord length from the leading edge. position.
  • the shaft fixing device 3 can select a bearing or other rotating auxiliary device.
  • the rudder surface 7 is mounted on the side of the freely rotatable blade 5 by a hinge 9, and the rudder surface 7 has a chordwise dimension of 10% to 30%, preferably 20%, of the chordwise dimension of the freely rotatable blade 5.
  • the axis of the shaft 4 and the hinge 9 are parallel, i.e., the axis about which the freely rotatable blade 5 rotates relative to the wind turbine blade 1 is parallel to the axis about which the rudder surface 7 rotates relative to the freely rotatable blade 5.
  • the steering gear 6 is mounted inside the freely rotatable blade 5, and the steering surface 7 is connected to the steering gear 6 via a transmission rod 8.
  • the steering gear 6 drives the transmission rod 8 to produce a displacement change, thereby causing a continuous angular change of the steering surface 7 about the hinge 9.
  • the angle of rotation of the rudder surface 7 relative to the chord of the freely rotatable blade 5 ranges from -30° to 30°.
  • the steering gear 6 can also be replaced by a motor or a hydraulic drive for driving the rudder surface 7.
  • the damping adjuster 2 is fitted on the rotating shaft 4 at the end close to the rotating shaft fixing device 3.
  • the damper adjuster 2 can also be mounted on the side of the rotating shaft 4 as long as damping can be applied to the rotating shaft 4. Damping can be produced by mechanical damping, electromagnetic damping or other damping.
  • the damping adjuster 2 is provided with a locking device, and when necessary, a sufficient frictional force (or damping) can be applied to the rotating shaft 4, so that the rotating shaft 4 cannot generate a rotational motion with respect to the wind turbine blade 1 or the freely rotating blade 5.
  • the locking device is embedded in the damping regulator 2, and the opening and releasing of the locking device and the length of locking can be controlled by the control system 12.
  • Locking device The implementation forms include hydraulic lock cylinders, mechanical pins, self-locking motors, and the like.
  • the apparatus for controlling wind turbine blade load and deformation further includes a closed loop control system consisting of the incoming flow detector 10, the onboard processor 11, the control system 12, and the wind turbine operating state detector 13.
  • the incoming flow detector 10 acts as a wind speed flow monitoring device and is mounted at a suitable location on the wind turbine.
  • the real-time monitoring data of the incoming flow detector 10 and the wind turbine operating state detector 13 is transmitted to the onboard processor 11 on the wind turbine, processed and analyzed, transmitted to the control system 12, and then wired and wireless by the control system 12. , Bluetooth or other signal transmission mode, the control signal is transmitted to the steering gear 6 on the freely rotating blade 5, and the load and deformation control of the wind turbine blade 1 is performed.
  • the wind turbine operating state detector 13 also continuously feeds back the working state of the wind turbine to the onboard processor 11.
  • the working process of the device for controlling the load and deformation of a wind turbine blade of the present invention is as follows:
  • the onboard processor 11 will be notified in time, after the onboard processor 11 undergoes the comparison analysis.
  • the control system 12 issues a corresponding control command, and after receiving the control command, the steering gear 6 drives the steering surface 7 to deflect around the hinge 9 through the transmission rod 8, so that the steering surface 7 and the freely rotatable blade 5 are between Produces an angle ⁇ .
  • the pressure distribution on the blade surface changes.
  • the blades of the freely rotating blade 5 are rotated about the rotating shaft by the aerodynamic moment and finally stabilized at an equilibrium position, at which point the angle between the freely rotating blade 5 and the wind turbine blade 1 is enlarged to ⁇ .
  • the control system 12 issues commands to the steering gear 6 to adjust the rudder surface 7 so that the freely rotating blades 5 rotate under the action of aerodynamic torque, increasing the angle of attack ⁇ with the direction of the incoming flow, thereby increasing the free rotation type.
  • the available lift of the blade 5 increases the moment that drives the rotation of the impeller. Not only It is ensured that the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine blade 1 is not reduced at a small wind speed, and the wind turbine can be smoothly started at a lower wind speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil pour commander la charge et la déformation d'une pale de turbine éolienne. Une pale de type à rotation libre (5) d'une longueur appropriée est montée sur une pointe de pale d'une pale (1) de turbine éolienne, et un moteur de direction (6) à l'intérieur de la pale de type à rotation libre (5) est relié à un plan de commande arrière (7) par le biais d'une tige de transmission (8); le moteur de direction (6) entraîne le plan de commande (7) à tourner, ce qui permet de modifier la configuration aérodynamique de la pale de type à rotation libre (5); et la pale de type à rotation libre (5) produit la rotation autour de la pale (1) de turbine éolienne sous l'action d'un moment aérodynamique et modifie l'angle d'attaque entre un flux entrant et celle-ci, ce qui permet de commander la charge aérodynamique et la déformation de la pale (1) de turbine éolienne. L'appareil peut améliorer les performances aérodynamiques de la pale de turbine éolienne dans différentes conditions de fonctionnement, et stabiliser la puissance de sortie d'une turbine éolienne dans différents états d'écoulement entrant, ce qui permet d'étendre l'enveloppe fonctionnelle de la turbine éolienne, contribuant ainsi à augmenter la puissance de sortie annuelle de la turbine éolienne, et améliorant également la sécurité de la pale et des dispositifs associés.
PCT/CN2015/077243 2014-07-24 2015-04-23 Appareil de commande de charge et de déformation de pale de turbine éolienne WO2016011833A1 (fr)

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CN201410353519.8A CN104234929B (zh) 2014-07-24 2014-07-24 一种控制风力机叶片载荷与变形的装置
CN201410353519.8 2014-07-24

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Cited By (1)

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CN112906166A (zh) * 2021-04-06 2021-06-04 上海理工大学 一种考虑气动效率与气动载荷的风力机叶片优化设计方法

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CN104234929B (zh) * 2014-07-24 2017-11-07 南京航空航天大学 一种控制风力机叶片载荷与变形的装置
US10801469B2 (en) * 2017-11-07 2020-10-13 General Electric Company Wind blade joints with floating connectors
CN108331712A (zh) * 2018-02-27 2018-07-27 青岛华创风能有限公司 一种可降噪声的风电叶片
CN110608131B (zh) * 2018-06-15 2022-02-15 兰州理工大学 一种被动控制的可动叶尖小翼装置
CN110318943A (zh) * 2019-06-03 2019-10-11 沈阳航空航天大学 一种叶尖自适应转动变形的垂直轴h型风力机叶片
CN110345002A (zh) * 2019-06-03 2019-10-18 沈阳航空航天大学 一种叶尖自适应转动变形的水平轴风力机叶片

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112906166A (zh) * 2021-04-06 2021-06-04 上海理工大学 一种考虑气动效率与气动载荷的风力机叶片优化设计方法
CN112906166B (zh) * 2021-04-06 2022-12-27 上海理工大学 一种考虑气动效率与气动载荷的风力机叶片优化设计方法

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