WO2016008406A1 - 一种bgo晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种bgo晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置和方法 Download PDF

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WO2016008406A1
WO2016008406A1 PCT/CN2015/084034 CN2015084034W WO2016008406A1 WO 2016008406 A1 WO2016008406 A1 WO 2016008406A1 CN 2015084034 W CN2015084034 W CN 2015084034W WO 2016008406 A1 WO2016008406 A1 WO 2016008406A1
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linearly polarized
polarized light
optical
self
bgo crystal
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PCT/CN2015/084034
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French (fr)
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李传生
陈硕
张朝阳
刘占元
孙海江
侯继彪
温海燕
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国家电网公司
国网智能电网研究院
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/44—Modifications of instruments for temperature compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof

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  • the invention relates to a device and a method, in particular to a self-compensating device and method for temperature dependence of electro-optical coefficients of BGO crystals.
  • Voltage transformers are one of the most important primary devices in a power system. Their measurement accuracy and reliability are closely related to the safety, reliability and economic operation of the power system.
  • the main functions of the voltage transformer include: converting the high voltage of the primary line into a low voltage standard electrical signal, providing voltage information for the secondary metering and protection device; achieving electrical isolation between the primary device and the secondary device, ensuring the staff and the second The safety of the secondary device.
  • voltage transformers widely used in power systems are electromagnetic and capacitive voltage-divided voltage transformers. Both types of transformers have complex insulation structures, poor transient response capability, easy to cause ferromagnetic resonance, and bulky.
  • the output signal is susceptible to electromagnetic interference and other shortcomings, and it is difficult to meet the development needs of digital, networked, and intelligent power systems.
  • the new Pockels-based reflective digital closed-loop optical voltage transformer usually uses Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (BGO) crystal as a high-voltage sensitive component, and detects two orthogonal beams by polarization interference technique.
  • BGO Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12
  • the phase difference between the linearly polarized lights is used to realize the voltage measurement, and has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, wide frequency response range, large dynamic range, good insulation performance, no ferromagnetic resonance, digital output, small volume, light weight, etc., and has become a voltage.
  • Research hotspots in the field of transformers have broad application prospects.
  • the temperature stability of measurement accuracy is one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of optical voltage transformers, and it is also the main factor limiting the practical application of optical voltage transformers.
  • the measurement accuracy of the voltage transformer must meet at least the requirements of class 0.5, that is, within the range of -40 ° C to 70 ° C, the transformer ratio error does not exceed ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the electro-optic coefficient of the BGO crystal will change, and the ratio of the transformer will also change, causing the ratio error.
  • the normalized temperature coefficient of the electro-optical coefficient ⁇ 41 of the BGO crystal is about 1.54 ⁇ 10 -4 /°C, and the ratio of the transformer will change by 1.69% in the range of -40°C to 70°C. This error has been Indeed exceeds the measurement accuracy requirements of the 0.5-level voltage transformer. Therefore, the temperature dependence of the electro-optic coefficient of BGO crystal is one of the main causes of the measurement error of optical voltage transformer under variable temperature environment.
  • the model compensation method can usually be used for suppression.
  • a mathematical model for quantitatively describing the relationship between the secondary output of the transformer and the temperature of the sensing crystal is established.
  • a temperature sensor is installed inside the transformer high-voltage sensing unit to collect the temperature in real time, and the output of the transformer is corrected according to the model.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that it needs to add a temperature sensor to the system.
  • the present invention provides a self-compensating device and method for temperature dependence of BGO crystal electro-optic coefficient, which utilizes the temperature characteristics of the Faraday rotator optical rotation angle and its ratio to the optical voltage transformer.
  • the invention provides a self-compensation device for temperature dependence of electro-optical coefficient of BGO crystal
  • the self-compensation device comprises a Faraday collimator rotator, a quartz tube, an antireflection film, a reflection film, a BGO crystal and a susceptor; and a Faraday collimator rotator Including a collimating lens and a Faraday rotator, the collimating lens and the Faraday rotator are packaged inside the quartz tube. Both ends of the BGO crystal are coated with an anti-reflection film and a reflective film, and the quartz tube and the BGO crystal are mounted on the pedestal.
  • a low-coherence light source, a circulator, a phase modulator, a polarization beam splitter, a polarization-maintaining delay fiber, a self-compensating device, a photodetector, and a digital signal processing module form an optical voltage transformer; the optical signal generated by the low-coherence light source is transmitted through the circulator
  • the phase modulator is polarized by the phase modulator to split the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light, and the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are combined by the polarization beam splitter and transmitted to the polarization maintaining delay fiber.
  • the self-compensating device after the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light compensated by the self-compensating device are transmitted to the polarizing beam splitter through the polarization-maintaining delay fiber, the interference signal is generated by the phase modulator, and the interference signal is transmitted by the circulator to the photodetector
  • the device converts into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal then forms a digital signal output through the digital signal processing module.
  • the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are transmitted to the Faraday collimator rotator through the polarization maintaining delay optical fiber, and are incident on the Faraday rotator through the collimating lens, and the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light passing through the Faraday rotator After being rotated by the angle ⁇ , it is incident on the BGO crystal, and the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light reflected by the reflective film at the end of the BGO crystal are returned along the original path, and the Faraday collimator rotates the ⁇ angle again, and enters the insurance. Partially delayed fiber.
  • the angle ⁇ of the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light rotated by the Faraday rotator ranges from 41.6° to 43.2°.
  • the low-coherence light source is a super-radiation light-emitting diode or a doped fiber light source
  • the circulator is a single mode fiber circulator or a polarization maintaining fiber circulator
  • the phase modulator is a Y-waveguide integrated optical phase modulator.
  • the polarization beam splitter is a polarization maintaining fiber polarization beam splitter
  • Both the polarization maintaining delay fiber and the pigtail of the polarization beam splitter adopt a Panda type polarization maintaining fiber, and the polarization maintaining delay fiber has a length of at least 50 meters;
  • the photodetector is a photodiode or an integrated component that includes a current-voltage conversion circuit.
  • the phase modulator, the circulator, the photodetector and the digital signal processing module form a closed loop digital signal processing system, and the digital signal processing module applies a modulation signal and a feedback signal to the phase modulator, and simultaneously receives the electrical signal output by the photodetector. Solution Call up the digital signal output.
  • the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light that are combined by the polarization beam splitter are respectively transmitted to the Faraday collimator rotator along the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization maintaining retardation fiber; after being rotated by the alpha angle by the Faraday rotator, the measured Under the action of the voltage, a phase difference occurs between the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light incident on the BGO crystal, and returns along the original path through the reflection of the reflective film, and the phase difference between the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light is doubled.
  • the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light of the Faraday collimator are again rotated through the same angle to enter the polarization maintaining delay fiber.
  • the invention also provides a method for self-compensating the temperature dependence of the electro-optical coefficient of the BGO crystal by using a BGO crystal electro-optic coefficient temperature dependence self-compensation device, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Determine the optical rotation angle and Pockel phase shift of the Faraday rotator at different temperatures
  • Step 2 Calculate the ratio of the optical voltage transformer
  • Step 3 Calculate the ratio of the optical voltage transformer at different temperatures, and determine the range of the optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator at normal temperature.
  • the optical rotation angle F of the Faraday rotator at different temperatures is expressed as:
  • k F is a temperature coefficient of the optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator, and the value is 0.04°/° C;
  • F 0 is an optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator at normal temperature;
  • the Pockel phase shift Pockel phase shift ⁇ at different temperatures is expressed as:
  • the ratio of the optical voltage transformer is expressed as:
  • K is the ratio of the optical voltage transformer
  • ⁇ 0 is the Pockel phase shift generated by the measured voltage at normal temperature
  • ⁇ is the Pockel phase shift at different temperatures
  • F is the optical rotation of the Faraday rotator at different temperatures.
  • Angle is the phase difference output of the closed-loop digital signal processing system, and has:
  • the ratio K(t) of the optical voltage transformer at different temperatures is expressed as:
  • K (25) is the optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator at 25 ° C, and the value range of F 0 is finally determined to be 41.6 ° ⁇ 43.2 °.
  • the implementation method is simple, no external temperature sensor and compensation software are needed, and the modeling is avoided.
  • the hardware and software costs of the compensation method are simple, no external temperature sensor and compensation software are needed, and the modeling is avoided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-compensation device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a BGO crystal in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an optical voltage transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the optical voltage transformer ratio and the Faraday rotator rotation angle in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a ratiometric temperature compensation curve of an optical voltage transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-preservative pigtail 2-collimator lens, 3-Faraday rotator, 4-quartz tube, 5-BGO crystal, 6-base, 7-antireflection film, 8-reflection film.
  • the present invention provides a self-compensating device for temperature dependence of electro-optical coefficients of a BGO crystal
  • the self-compensating device comprising Faraday collimator rotator, quartz tube, AR coating, reflective film, BGO crystal and pedestal;
  • Faraday collimator rotator includes collimating lens and Faraday rotator, collimating lens and Faraday rotator are packaged inside quartz tube, BGO Both ends of the crystal are respectively coated with an anti-reflection film and a reflective film, and the quartz tube and the BGO crystal are both mounted on the susceptor.
  • the pedestal uses the same material as the BGO crystal.
  • the polarization-maintaining pigtail 1 is a Panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber with a cladding diameter of 80 ⁇ m or 125 ⁇ m; the collimator lens 2 is a graded-index lens (G-lens), or a spherical lens (C-lens); and a Faraday rotator (The optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator 3 is in the range of 41.6° to 43.2°; the polarization maintaining pigtail 1, the collimator lens 2 and the Faraday rotator 3 are collectively packaged in the quartz tube 4 to constitute a Faraday collimator rotator.
  • G-lens graded-index lens
  • C-lens spherical lens
  • the optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator 3 is in the range of 41.6° to 43.2°; the polarization maintaining pigtail 1, the collimator lens 2 and the Faraday rotator 3 are collectively packaged in the quartz tube
  • the BGO crystal adopts a x 3 -45° cutting method, and the measured voltage is applied perpendicularly to the 001 plane thereof, and the antireflection film 7 and the reflection film 8 are respectively plated on the front and rear surfaces thereof, and the reflection film 8 is a dielectric film.
  • the Faraday collimator rotator and BGO crystal are mounted on the pedestal 6.
  • the material of the pedestal is also selected from BGO crystal.
  • the polarization-maintaining pigtail 1 of the device is welded to the 0° or 90° axis of the polarization-maintaining delay fiber in FIG. 3, thereby completing the self-compensation function of the temperature dependence of the electro-optical coefficient of the BGO crystal of the fiber-voltage transformer.
  • a low-coherence light source, a circulator, a phase modulator, a polarization beam splitter, a polarization-maintaining delay fiber, a self-compensating device, a photodetector, and a digital signal processing module constitute an optical voltage transformer; an optical signal generated by a low-coherence light source It is transmitted to the phase modulator through the circulator, and is polarized by the phase modulator to split the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light. The first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are combined by the polarization beam splitter to pass the polarization maintaining.
  • the delay fiber is transmitted to the self-compensating device, and the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light compensated by the self-compensating device are transmitted to the polarization beam splitter through the polarization maintaining delay fiber, and then the interference signal is generated by the phase modulator, and the interference signal is generated by the circulator
  • the transmission is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector, and the electrical signal is then output into a digital signal through the digital signal processing module.
  • the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are transmitted to the Faraday collimator rotator through the polarization maintaining delay optical fiber, and are incident on the Faraday rotator through the collimating lens, and the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light passing through the Faraday rotator After being rotated by the angle ⁇ , it is incident on the BGO crystal, and the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light reflected by the reflective film at the end of the BGO crystal are returned along the original path, and the Faraday collimator rotates the ⁇ angle again, and enters the insurance. Partially delayed fiber.
  • the angle ⁇ of the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light rotated by the Faraday rotator ranges from 41.6° to 43.2°.
  • the low-coherence light source is a super-radiation light-emitting diode or a doped fiber light source
  • the circulator is a single mode fiber circulator or a polarization maintaining fiber circulator
  • the phase modulator is a Y-waveguide integrated optical phase modulator.
  • the polarization beam splitter is a polarization maintaining fiber polarization beam splitter
  • Both the polarization maintaining delay fiber and the pigtail of the polarization beam splitter adopt a Panda type polarization maintaining fiber, and the polarization maintaining delay fiber has a length of at least 50 meters;
  • the photodetector is a photodiode or an integrated component that includes a current-voltage conversion circuit.
  • the phase modulator, the circulator, the photodetector, and the digital signal processing module form a closed loop digital signal processing system
  • the digital signal processing module applies a modulation signal and a feedback signal to the phase modulator, and simultaneously receives the electrical signal output by the photodetector, and demodulates the digital signal output.
  • the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light that are combined by the polarization beam splitter are respectively transmitted to the Faraday collimator rotator along the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization maintaining retardation fiber; after being rotated by the alpha angle by the Faraday rotator, the measured Under the action of the voltage, a phase difference occurs between the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light incident on the BGO crystal, and returns along the original path through the reflection of the reflective film, and the phase difference between the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light is doubled.
  • the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light of the Faraday collimator are again rotated through the same angle to enter the polarization maintaining delay fiber.
  • the invention also provides a method for self-compensating the temperature dependence of the electro-optical coefficient of the BGO crystal by using a BGO crystal electro-optic coefficient temperature dependence self-compensation device, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Determine the optical rotation angle and Pockel phase shift of the Faraday rotator at different temperatures
  • Step 2 Calculate the ratio of the optical voltage transformer
  • Step 3 Calculate the ratio of the optical voltage transformer at different temperatures, and determine the range of the optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator at normal temperature.
  • the optical rotation angle F of the Faraday rotator at different temperatures is expressed as:
  • k F is a temperature coefficient of the optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator, and the value is 0.04°/° C;
  • F 0 is an optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator at normal temperature;
  • the Pockel phase shift Pockel phase shift ⁇ at different temperatures is expressed as:
  • the ratio of the optical voltage transformer is expressed as:
  • K is the ratio of the optical voltage transformer
  • ⁇ 0 is the Pockel phase shift generated by the measured voltage at normal temperature
  • ⁇ is the Pockel phase shift at different temperatures
  • F is the optical rotation of the Faraday rotator at different temperatures.
  • Figure 4 shows the corresponding relationship curve. When F ⁇ 45°, the ratio of the optical voltage transformer decreases with the increase of the optical rotation angle
  • ⁇ is the phase difference of the output of the closed-loop digital signal processing system, and :
  • the ratio K(t) of the optical voltage transformer at different temperatures is expressed as:
  • K (25) is the optical rotation angle of the Faraday rotator at 25 ° C, and the value range of F 0 is finally determined to be 41.6 ° ⁇ 43.2 °.

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Abstract

一种BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置和方法，装置包括法拉第准直旋光器、石英管（4）、增透膜（7）、反射膜（8）、BGO晶体（5）和基座（6）；法拉第准直旋光器包括准直透镜（2）和法拉第旋光器（3），准直透镜（2）和法拉第旋光器（3）封装在石英管（4）内部，BGO晶体（5）的两端分别镀有增透膜（7）和反射膜（8），石英管（4）和BGO晶体（5）均安装在基座（6）上。所述BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置和方法，它利用法拉第旋光器旋光角的温度特性及其对光学电压互感器变比的影响在线自动补偿BGO晶体电光系数随温度变化造成的测量误差。

Description

一种BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种装置和方法，具体涉及一种BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置和方法。
背景技术
电压互感器是电力系统最重要的一次设备之一，其测量准确度和可靠性与电力系统安全、可靠和经济运行密切相关。电压互感器的主要作用包括：将一次线路的高电压变换为低压标准电信号，为二次计量及保护装置提供电压信息；实现一次设备与二次设备之间的电气隔离，保证工作人员和二次设备的安全。目前，电力系统广泛应用的电压互感器为电磁式和电容分压式电压互感器，这两种类型的互感器都存在绝缘结构复杂、暂态响应能力差、容易引起铁磁谐振、体积庞大和输出信号易受电磁干扰等缺点，难以满足电力系统数字化、网络化、智能化的发展需求。
新型的基于普克尔(Pockels)效应的反射式数字闭环光学电压互感器通常采用锗酸铋(Bi4Ge3O12，简称BGO)晶体作为高压敏感元件，通过偏光干涉技术检测两束正交线偏振光之间的相位差来实现电压测量，具有测量精度高、频响范围宽、动态范围大、绝缘性能好、无铁磁谐振、数字化输出、体积小、重量轻等优点，已经成为电压互感器领域的研究热点，具有广阔的应用前景。
测量准确度的温度稳定性是评价光学电压互感器性能的重要指标之一，也是目前限制光学电压互感器实用化的主要因素。在实际应用中，电压互感器的测量准确度至少需要满足0.5级要求，即在-40℃～70℃范围内，互感器的变比误差不超过±0.5％。温度变化时，BGO晶体的电光系数将发生变化，互感器的变比也将随之改变，造成变比误差。典型情况下，BGO晶体的电光系数γ41的归一化温度系数约为1.54×10-4/℃，在-40℃～70℃范围内互感器的变比将变化1.69％，这一误差已经严重超出了0.5级电压互感器的测量准确度要求。因此，BGO晶体电光系数的温度相关性是造成变温环境下光学电压互感器测量误差的主要原因之一。
对于变温环境下由于BGO晶体温度相关性导致的光学电压互感器的测量误差，通常可以采用建模补偿的方法进行抑制。通过多次温度实验建立定量描述互感器二次输出与传感晶体温度之间关系的数学模型，同时在互感器高压传感单元内部安装温度传感器实时采集温度，根据模型来修正互感器的输出。该方法的缺点在于：需要在系统中增加一个温度传感器，对于电力系统特殊的高压测量环境，还特别需要解决其绝缘问题；同时，需要根据模型设计相应的温度补偿算法，编写补偿软件。因此，这种温度补偿的方法极大地增加了系统的软、硬件成本。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置和方法，它利用法拉第(Faraday)旋光器旋光角的温度特性及其对光学电压互感器变比的影响在线自动补偿BGO晶体电光系数随温度变化造成的测量误差。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：
本发明提供一种BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，所述自补偿装置包括法拉第准直旋光器、石英管、增透膜、反射膜、BGO晶体和基座；法拉第准直旋光器包括准直透镜和法拉第旋光器，准直透镜和法拉第旋光器封装在石英管内部，BGO晶体的两端分别镀有增透膜和反射膜，石英管和BGO晶体均安装在基座上。
低相干光源、环形器、相位调制器、偏振分束器、保偏延迟光纤、自补偿装置、光电探测器和数字信号处理模块组成光学电压互感器；低相干光源产生的光信号通过环形器传输给相位调制器，经过相位调制器起偏，分光为第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光，第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光经过偏振分束器合光后通过保偏延迟光纤传输给自补偿装置，经过自补偿装置补偿的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光通过保偏延迟光纤传输给偏振分束器之后，经过相位调制器产生干涉信号，干涉信号由环形器传输给光电探测器转换为电信号，电信号再通过数字信号处理模块形成数字信号输出。
所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光通过保偏延迟光纤传输给法拉第准直旋光器，通过准直透镜入射到法拉第旋光器，经过法拉第旋光器的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光被旋转α角后，入射到BGO晶体，通过BGO晶体末端的反射膜反射后的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光沿原路返回，经过法拉第准直旋光器再次旋转α角，并进入保偏延迟光纤。
所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光被法拉第旋光器旋转的α角取值范围为41.6°～43.2°。
所述低相干光源为超辐射发光二极管或掺饵光纤光源；
所述环行器为单模光纤环行器或保偏光纤环行器；
所述相位调制器为Y波导集成光学相位调制器。
所述偏振分束器为保偏光纤偏振分束器；
所述保偏延迟光纤和偏振分束器的尾纤均采用熊猫型保偏光纤，所述保偏延迟光纤的长度至少为50米；
所述光电探测器为光电二极管或集成组件，所述集成组件包括电流-电压转换电路。
所述相位调制器、环形器、光电探测器和数字信号处理模块组成闭环数字信号处理系统，所述数字信号处理模块向相位调制器施加调制信号和反馈信号，同时接收光电探测器输出的电信号，解 调出数字信号输出。
经过偏振分束器合光的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光分别沿保偏延迟光纤的快轴和慢轴传输给法拉第准直旋光器；经过法拉第旋光器旋转α角后，在被测电压的作用下，入射到BGO晶体的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光之间产生相位差，经过反射膜反射沿原路返回，第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光之间相位差加倍，再次经过法拉第准直旋光器的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光旋转同样的角度进入保偏延迟光纤。
本发明还提供一种采用BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置对BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性进行自补偿的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：确定不同温度下法拉第旋光器的旋光角和普克尔相移；
步骤2：计算光学电压互感器的变比；
步骤3：计算不同温度下光学电压互感器的变比，并确定常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角的取值区间。
所述步骤1中，不同温度下法拉第旋光器的旋光角F表示为：
F＝kF(t-25)+F0     (1)
其中，kF为法拉第旋光器旋光角的温度系数，取值为0.04°/℃；F0为常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角；
不同温度下的普克尔相移普克尔相移δ表示为：
δ＝kPδ0(t-25)+δ0     (2)
其中，kP为BGO晶体电光系数的归一化温度系数，取值为1.54×10-4/℃；δ0为常温下被测电压产生的普克尔相移。
所述步骤2中，光学电压互感器的变比表示为：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000001
其中，K为光学电压互感器的变比，δ0为常温下被测电压产生的普克尔相移，δ为不同温度下普克尔相移，F为不同温度下的法拉第旋光器的旋光角，Φ为闭环数字信号处理系统输出的相位差，且有：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000002
对式(4)进行小角度近似，得到：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000003
所述步骤3中，根据式(3)可知不同温度下光学电压互感器的变比K(t)表示为：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000004
在F0<45°的范围内，以-0.1°为步长进行迭代计算，根据式(7)确定常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角F0的取值区间，有：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000005
其中，K(25)为25℃下法拉第旋光器的旋光角，最终确定F0的取值区间为41.6°～43.2°。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1.利用法拉第旋光器自身的温度特性实现了变温环境下传感晶体电光系数温度相关性导致的互感器变比误差的自补偿，实现方法简单，无需外加温度传感器和补偿软件，避免了建模补偿方法的软、硬件成本；
2.采用与BGO晶体相同的材料作为基座，避免了由于温度系数差异导致的热应力对传感晶体的影响，改善了传感单元的温度性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中自补偿装置的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例中BGO晶体示意图；
图3是本发明实施例中光学电压互感器结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例中光学电压互感器变比与法拉第旋光器旋光角度之间的关系示意图；
图5是本发明实施例中光学电压互感器变比温度补偿曲线图；
其中，1-保偏尾纤，2-准直透镜，3-法拉第旋光器，4-石英管，5-BGO晶体，6-基座，7-增透膜，8-反射膜。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1，本发明提供一种BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，所述自补偿装置包括 法拉第准直旋光器、石英管、增透膜、反射膜、BGO晶体和基座；法拉第准直旋光器包括准直透镜和法拉第旋光器，准直透镜和法拉第旋光器封装在石英管内部，BGO晶体的两端分别镀有增透膜和反射膜，石英管和BGO晶体均安装在基座上。基座采用与BGO晶体相同的材料。
保偏尾纤1为熊猫型保偏光纤，包层直径为80μm或125μm；准直透镜2为渐变折射率透镜(G-lens)，也可以是球面透镜(C-lens)；法拉第旋光器(Faraday旋光器)3的旋光角在41.6°～43.2°范围内；保偏尾纤1、准直透镜2与法拉第旋光器3共同封装在石英管4中，构成法拉第准直旋光器。BGO晶体采用x3-45°切割方式，被测电压垂直于其001面施加，在其前后两面分别镀增透膜7和反射膜8，反射膜8为介质膜。法拉第准直旋光器、BGO晶体共同安装在基座6上，为减小变温环境下热应力的影响，基座的材料也选用BGO晶体。该装置的保偏尾纤1与图3中的保偏延迟光纤0°或90°对轴熔接，即可完成光纤电压互感器BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿功能。
如图3，低相干光源、环形器、相位调制器、偏振分束器、保偏延迟光纤、自补偿装置、光电探测器和数字信号处理模块组成光学电压互感器；低相干光源产生的光信号通过环形器传输给相位调制器，经过相位调制器起偏，分光为第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光，第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光经过偏振分束器合光后通过保偏延迟光纤传输给自补偿装置，经过自补偿装置补偿的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光通过保偏延迟光纤传输给偏振分束器之后，经过相位调制器产生干涉信号，干涉信号由环形器传输给光电探测器转换为电信号，电信号再通过数字信号处理模块形成数字信号输出。
所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光通过保偏延迟光纤传输给法拉第准直旋光器，通过准直透镜入射到法拉第旋光器，经过法拉第旋光器的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光被旋转α角后，入射到BGO晶体，通过BGO晶体末端的反射膜反射后的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光沿原路返回，经过法拉第准直旋光器再次旋转α角，并进入保偏延迟光纤。
所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光被法拉第旋光器旋转的α角取值范围为41.6°～43.2°。
所述低相干光源为超辐射发光二极管或掺饵光纤光源；
所述环行器为单模光纤环行器或保偏光纤环行器；
所述相位调制器为Y波导集成光学相位调制器。
所述偏振分束器为保偏光纤偏振分束器；
所述保偏延迟光纤和偏振分束器的尾纤均采用熊猫型保偏光纤，所述保偏延迟光纤的长度至少为50米；
所述光电探测器为光电二极管或集成组件，所述集成组件包括电流-电压转换电路。
所述相位调制器、环形器、光电探测器和数字信号处理模块组成闭环数字信号处理系统，所述 数字信号处理模块向相位调制器施加调制信号和反馈信号，同时接收光电探测器输出的电信号，解调出数字信号输出。
经过偏振分束器合光的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光分别沿保偏延迟光纤的快轴和慢轴传输给法拉第准直旋光器；经过法拉第旋光器旋转α角后，在被测电压的作用下，入射到BGO晶体的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光之间产生相位差，经过反射膜反射沿原路返回，第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光之间相位差加倍，再次经过法拉第准直旋光器的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光旋转同样的角度进入保偏延迟光纤。
本发明还提供一种采用BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置对BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性进行自补偿的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：确定不同温度下法拉第旋光器的旋光角和普克尔相移；
步骤2：计算光学电压互感器的变比；
步骤3：计算不同温度下光学电压互感器的变比，并确定常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角的取值区间。
所述步骤1中，不同温度下法拉第旋光器的旋光角F表示为：
F＝kF(t-25)+F0      (1)
其中，kF为法拉第旋光器旋光角的温度系数，取值为0.04°/℃；F0为常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角；
不同温度下的普克尔相移普克尔相移δ表示为：
δ＝kPδ0(t-25)+δ0      (2)
其中，kP为BGO晶体电光系数的归一化温度系数，取值为1.54×10-4/℃；δ0为常温下被测电压产生的普克尔相移。
所述步骤2中，光学电压互感器的变比表示为：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000006
其中，K为光学电压互感器的变比，δ0为常温下被测电压产生的普克尔相移，δ为不同温度下普克尔相移，F为不同温度下的法拉第旋光器的旋光角；图4给出了相应的关系曲线，当F<45°时，光学电压互感器的变比随旋光角度的增大而减小；Φ为闭环数字信号处理系统输出的相位差，且有：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000007
对式(4)进行小角度近似，得到：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000008
所述步骤3中，根据式(3)可知不同温度下光学电压互感器的变比K(t)表示为：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000009
在F0<45°的范围内，以-0.1°为步长进行迭代计算，根据式(7)确定常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角F0的取值区间，有：
Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-000010
其中，K(25)为25℃下法拉第旋光器的旋光角，最终确定F0的取值区间为41.6°～43.2°。
对于-40℃～70℃的温度范围，根据上述方法计算得到：当F0在41.6°～43.2°范围内时，变比误差在±0.5％以内；当F0＝42.3°时，互感器的变比误差最小，约为0.3％。图5给出了当F0＝42.3°时该方法的补偿效果。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，所属领域的普通技术人员参照上述实施例依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，其特征在于：所述自补偿装置包括法拉第准直旋光器、石英管、增透膜、反射膜、BGO晶体和基座；法拉第准直旋光器包括准直透镜和法拉第旋光器，准直透镜和法拉第旋光器封装在石英管内部，BGO晶体的两端分别镀有增透膜和反射膜，石英管和BGO晶体均安装在基座上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，其特征在于：低相干光源、环形器、相位调制器、偏振分束器、保偏延迟光纤、自补偿装置、光电探测器和数字信号处理模块组成光学电压互感器；低相干光源产生的光信号通过环形器传输给相位调制器，经过相位调制器起偏，分光为第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光，第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光经过偏振分束器合光后通过保偏延迟光纤传输给自补偿装置，经过自补偿装置补偿的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光通过保偏延迟光纤传输给偏振分束器之后，经过相位调制器产生干涉信号，干涉信号由环形器传输给光电探测器转换为电信号，电信号再通过数字信号处理模块形成数字信号输出。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，其特征在于：所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光通过保偏延迟光纤传输给法拉第准直旋光器，通过准直透镜入射到法拉第旋光器，经过法拉第旋光器的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光被旋转α角后，入射到BGO晶体，通过BGO晶体末端的反射膜反射后的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光沿原路返回，经过法拉第准直旋光器再次旋转α角，并进入保偏延迟光纤。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，其特征在于：所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光被法拉第旋光器旋转的α角取值范围为41.6°～43.2°。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，其特征在于：所述低相干光源为超辐射发光二极管或掺饵光纤光源；
    所述环行器为单模光纤环行器或保偏光纤环行器；
    所述相位调制器为Y波导集成光学相位调制器。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，其 特征在于：所述偏振分束器为保偏光纤偏振分束器；
    所述保偏延迟光纤和偏振分束器的尾纤均采用熊猫型保偏光纤，所述保偏延迟光纤的长度至少为50米；
    所述光电探测器为光电二极管或集成组件，所述集成组件包括电流-电压转换电路。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，其特征在于：所述相位调制器、环形器、光电探测器和数字信号处理模块组成闭环数字信号处理系统，所述数字信号处理模块向相位调制器施加调制信号和反馈信号，同时接收光电探测器输出的电信号，解调出数字信号输出。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置，其特征在于：经过偏振分束器合光的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光分别沿保偏延迟光纤的快轴和慢轴传输给法拉第准直旋光器；经过法拉第旋光器旋转α角后，在被测电压的作用下，入射到BGO晶体的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光之间产生相位差，经过反射膜反射沿原路返回，第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光之间相位差加倍，再次经过法拉第准直旋光器的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光旋转同样的角度进入保偏延迟光纤。
  9. 一种采用权利要求1-8任一所述的BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性的自补偿装置对BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性进行自补偿的方法，其特征在于：所述方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：确定不同温度下法拉第旋光器的旋光角和普克尔相移；
    步骤2：计算光学电压互感器的变比；
    步骤3：计算不同温度下光学电压互感器的变比，并确定常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角的取值区间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的对BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性进行自补偿的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中，不同温度下法拉第旋光器的旋光角F表示为：
    F＝kF(t-25)+F0   (1)
    其中，kF为法拉第旋光器旋光角的温度系数，取值为0.04°/℃；F0为常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角；
    不同温度下的普克尔相移普克尔相移δ表示为：
    δ＝kPδ0(t-25)+δ0   (2)
    其中，kP为BGO晶体电光系数的归一化温度系数，取值为1.54×10-4/℃；δ0为常温下被测电压产生的普克尔相移。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的对BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性进行自补偿的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中，光学电压互感器的变比表示为：
    Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-100001
    其中，K为光学电压互感器的变比，δ0为常温下被测电压产生的普克尔相移，δ为不同温度下普克尔相移，F为不同温度下的法拉第旋光器的旋光角，Φ为闭环数字信号处理系统输出的相位差，且有：
    Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-100002
    对式(4)进行小角度近似，得到：
    Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-100003
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的对BGO晶体电光系数温度相关性进行自补偿的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3中，根据式(3)可知不同温度下光学电压互感器的变比K(t)表示为：
    Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-100004
    在F0<45°的范围内，以-0.1°为步长进行迭代计算，根据式(7)确定常温下法拉第旋光器旋光角F0的取值区间，有：
    Figure PCTCN2015084034-appb-100005
    其中，K(25)为25℃下法拉第旋光器的旋光角，最终确定F0的取值区间为41.6°～43.2°。
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