WO2016008298A1 - 一种多极小型断路器的操作装置 - Google Patents

一种多极小型断路器的操作装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016008298A1
WO2016008298A1 PCT/CN2015/071748 CN2015071748W WO2016008298A1 WO 2016008298 A1 WO2016008298 A1 WO 2016008298A1 CN 2015071748 W CN2015071748 W CN 2015071748W WO 2016008298 A1 WO2016008298 A1 WO 2016008298A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
trip
rotating plate
pole
contact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/071748
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周长青
夏晓敏
于利英
Original Assignee
正泰集团股份有限公司
浙江正泰电器股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 正泰集团股份有限公司, 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 正泰集团股份有限公司
Priority to AU2015291700A priority Critical patent/AU2015291700B2/en
Priority to EP15821567.3A priority patent/EP3171385B1/en
Priority to KR1020177004397A priority patent/KR101929302B1/ko
Publication of WO2016008298A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016008298A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/002—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00 with provision for switching the neutral conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/52—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever
    • H01H71/526—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever the lever forming a toggle linkage with a second lever, the free end of which is directly and releasably engageable with a contact structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-voltage miniature circuit breaker, in particular to an operating device of a miniature circuit breaker, in particular to an operating device of a multi-pole miniature circuit breaker, the operating device can cooperate with a circuit breaker unit, and the circuit breaker can be heat and electromagnetic
  • the two-pole circuit breaker consisting of a trip unit and a breakable contact set associated with the operating unit may also be a multi-pole circuit breaker that is coordinated by two or more operating devices.
  • the operating mechanism of the low-voltage circuit breaker especially the terminal type miniature circuit breaker, has a modular standard, and also requires short-circuit protection and overload protection. In addition, there is often a need for residual current action protection.
  • Most of the existing multi-pole miniature circuit breakers are assembled and assembled into a multi-pole miniature circuit breaker by using multiple single-pole miniature circuit breakers, such as the "operating mechanism of low-voltage power circuit breaker" disclosed in Chinese patent CN1013816B and China.
  • the "operating mechanism of a miniature circuit breaker" disclosed in the patent CN1018684B, etc. is characterized in that each of the single-pole miniature circuit breakers has a separate operating device and a pair of separable positions with open and closed positions.
  • the operating device can only be mechanically coupled with an electromagnetic trip device and a thermal trip device, ie an operating mechanism Only the closing and opening of the one-pole circuit breaker circuit can be controlled.
  • the existing operating mechanism can operate the closing/breaking action of the two moving contacts, but the two moving contacts are only the switching contacts in the same control circuit, and cannot be used as two poles for controlling two different circuits. Contact.
  • the operating mechanism with a swinging lever for a phase and neutral circuit breaker the operating mechanism uses a rotating plate to simultaneously drive the closing and disconnecting of the phase and neutral circuit contacts.
  • the trip lever can only be controlled by a disconnect device.
  • a disconnect device can operate the closing/breaking of the two moving contacts and the stationary contact.
  • a pair of switching elements consisting of two moving contacts and two stationary contacts are respectively in the phase line.
  • the phase line circuit and the neutral line circuit are connected in series in the same circuit. Therefore, the circuit breaker with only one electromagnetic trip device and the thermal trip device is not real.
  • Bipolar circuit breakers cannot be used to operate the closing/breaking of two independent circuits, and multi-pole circuit breakers must have a set of electromagnetic trips and thermal trips for each pole.
  • the circuit breaker application practice proves that the flexible device of the existing operating mechanism for providing the contact pressure cannot meet the requirement of the contact pressure consistency between the poles of the multi-pole circuit breaker, because the spring acts on the elastic force of the needle bar. It is difficult to achieve equal force between the two arms and the force acting on the needle bar, so that the two contacts support the bomb Although the elastic force of the springs can be balanced, they cannot be equal, so that the two movable contacts on the two contact supports are not equal to the contact pressure when the two fixed contacts are closed. For this reason, the existing multi-pole is small. Each pole of the circuit breaker is provided with a separate operating device.
  • miniaturization Not only refers to reducing the volume of the circuit breaker product, but also its width dimension, especially the width dimension modulus of the multi-pole circuit breaker above two poles is greatly reduced to save valuable space for installing the terminal control box of the circuit breaker, and for lifting the circuit breaker
  • the current specification of the product plays a key role.
  • the two-pole circuit breaker requires two operating mechanisms to be arranged side by side in parallel, and the multi-pole circuit breaker requires multiple operating mechanisms to be arranged in parallel, which obviously cannot realize the increasingly urgent requirement of miniaturization and high breaking of the circuit breaker.
  • two poles share one operating device, that is, one operating device controls the closing/breaking of the moving contacts and the stationary contacts of the two poles, it is obviously possible to reduce the volume of the circuit breaker product, but the existing multi-pole or single-pole small Under the constraints of the modularization standard, the circuit breaker is very compact.
  • the following technical problems need to be solved in the already crowded internal space: First, the operating device must synchronously control the two moving contacts and the two static contacts.
  • Closing/breaking, and the contact pressure of the two moving contacts is the same as when the two static contacts are closed; second, the operating device must be mechanically coupled with the two electromagnetic tripping devices respectively, and the tripping of any one of the electromagnetic tripping devices The action can reliably cause the operating device to trip and trip; the third is that the operating device must be mechanically coupled with the two thermal trip devices, respectively, and the tripping action of any one of the thermal trip devices can reliably cause the operating device to trip and trip. Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, it is necessary to optimize the overall miniaturization structure of the operating device.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an operating device for a multi-pole miniature circuit breaker, which can simultaneously operate not only the two sets of movable contacts of the two poles but also the closing/breaking of the static contacts.
  • the function of the two electromagnetic tripping devices and the two thermal tripping devices is small, compact, reasonable in layout and more reliable in operation.
  • the present invention provides the following specific technical solutions.
  • An operating device for a multi-pole miniature circuit breaker comprising a handle pivotally mounted on a circuit breaker housing via a rotating shaft 2, a rotating plate 5 pivotally mounted on the circuit breaker housing via a spindle 14, and two static touches Points 22, 27 and two movable contacts 18, 38 which are respectively closed/disengaged with the stationary contacts 22, 27, an energy storage spring acting on the rotating plate 5 and a reset member for driving the trip bar 13 to be reset;
  • two thermal trip devices arranged side by side, each heat
  • the trip unit includes a bimetal 21 that provides an overload trip action when an overload current occurs.
  • the operating device further includes: a trip link 9 provided with a locking hook 42 pivotally mounted on the rotating plate 5 by the first twisting shaft 8;
  • the trip bar 13 is provided with a locking tooth 41, an operating element 40 respectively capable of cooperating with an electromagnetic tripping device of an adjacent two-pole circuit breaker, and an actuation of a bimetal capable of respectively engaging with a thermal tripping device of an adjacent two-pole circuit breaker a rod 16, the trip bar 13 is pivotally mounted on the rotating plate 5 by a second twisting shaft 12, and can be finitely rotated about the shaft; one end of which is hingedly coupled to the handle 1 and the trip link 9, respectively.
  • the U-shaped rod 4 can drive the tripping link 9 to rotate counterclockwise or clockwise around the first twisting shaft 8; two shorting stubs 31 arranged side by side on the operating element 40 of the tripping rod 13 32, which are respectively in tactilely engaged with the actuating rams 24, 24 of the two electromagnetic trip devices 23; two overload studs 29 disposed side by side on the actuating lever 16 of the trip bar 13 and 30, they are respectively in a tactile fit with the bimetals 21, 21 of the two thermal trip devices.
  • the actuating element 40 is fixedly coupled to the trip bar 13 or the actuating element 40 is integrally formed with the trip bar 13.
  • the operating element 40 or the trip bar 13 is provided with a shaft hole 33
  • the actuating lever 16 is provided with a shaft block 34
  • the shaft block 34 is inserted into the shaft.
  • the holes 33 form a mounting coupling.
  • the actuating lever 16 is fixedly coupled to the trip bar 13; or the actuating lever 16 is integrally formed with the trip bar 13.
  • the mandrel 14 is pivotally mounted with two contact supports 15, 35 which are respectively coupled to the rotating plate 5 by two overtravel mechanisms;
  • the two movable contacts 18, 38 are respectively arranged on a corresponding contact arm 17, 39, which are fixedly coupled to the two contact supports 15, 35, respectively.
  • the contact arms 17, 39 are integrally formed with the contact supports 15, 35, respectively.
  • each of the overtravel mechanisms comprises an overtravel spring 19, a first stop 11 disposed on the contact support 15, 35, a second stop 20 disposed on the rotating plate 5, and a respective The first clutch surface and the second clutch surface of the clutch mechanism 6 are disposed on the contact holders 15, 35 and the rotating plate 5.
  • One end of the overtravel spring 19 is coupled with the first stop 11, and the other end of the overtravel spring 19 Coupling with the second stop 20, in the state in which the movable contacts 18, 38 and the stationary contacts 22, 27 are disconnected, the clutch mechanism 6 is engaged, and the movable contacts 18, 38 and the stationary contacts 22, 27 are closed.
  • the clutch mechanism 6 is separated; the two contact supports 15, 35 and the center of rotation of the rotating plate 5 are both concentric with the axis of the spindle 14.
  • the positional distance B between the overload stubs 29, 30 and the second twisted shaft 12 is greater than between the short stubs 31, 32 and the second twisted shaft 12. Position distance A.
  • the actuating element 40 and the actuating lever 16 are located in the space D between the two contact supports 15, 35.
  • the two shorting stubs 31, 32 are respectively facing the operating element 40
  • the two lateral extensions form a T-shape.
  • the two overload stubs 29, 30 respectively extend laterally toward the two sides of the actuating lever 16 to form a T-shape.
  • the two contact supports 15, 35 are in contact with the two faces of the rotating plate 5, respectively.
  • the trip bar can be controlled by two adjacent independent circuit breaking devices, which greatly reduces the volume of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker, and in particular, can significantly reduce the modulus requirement. Width and size, and effectively reduce the driving force of the electromagnetic circuit breakers on both sides, so that the thermal breaking force generated by the bimetal in the case of overload current is reduced as much as possible, making the operation of the operating device more reliable, so that the multipole is realized.
  • the miniaturization of the miniature circuit breaker can also increase the current specification of the miniature circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the structure of an operation device for a multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the planar structure of the movable contact and the stationary contact of the operating device of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention in a disconnected state.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the moving contact and the stationary contact of the operating device of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention in a closed state.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are schematic perspective structural views of the operation device and the circuit breaking device of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5 is a perspective structural view of the operating device in the contact closed position, and FIG. 4 and FIG. The coupling relationship between the operating element 40, the actuating lever 16 and the two electromagnetic trip devices and the two thermal trip devices is derived.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective exploded view of the hinged part of the operating member 40 and the actuating lever 16 of the operating device of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention, showing the shape and structure of the operating member 40 and the actuating lever 16 and the assembly therebetween structure.
  • FIGS. 1 through 6 A specific embodiment of an operating device for a multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 through 6.
  • the operating device of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention is not limited to the description of the following embodiments.
  • the operating device of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention is mounted in an insulating housing (not shown) of the circuit breaker, and mainly comprises a handle 1 which is coupled to the housing. a rotating shaft 2; a U-bar 4 and a rotating plate 5 and a mechanical linkage 10 formed thereon, a four-bar linkage mechanism, the handle 1 is pivotally mounted on the rotating shaft 2 to open the circuit
  • the rotating plate 5 is pivotally mounted on the circuit breaker housing through the spindle 14, and the two ends of the U-shaped rod 4 are hingedly coupled with the handle 1 and the tripping link 9, respectively;
  • the trip bar 13 is pivotally Mounted on the second twisting shaft 12 of the rotating plate 5, and can perform limited rotation about the shaft; an energy storage spring (not shown) acts on the rotating plate 5, a resetting member (not shown) The trip bar 13 is driven to reset.
  • the handle 1 can be placed manually or mechanically in the closed and open positions of the circuit breaker contacts or automatically by a circuit breaker.
  • the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker provided by the invention comprises two sets of switching elements, with two adjacent static contacts 22, 27 and movable contacts 18, 38 which are closed/disconnected, and two adjacent pairs are short-circuited
  • poles are three-phase live wires and the other pole is a neutral line. It can also be a four-pole circuit breaker with four poles with electromagnetic breaking devices and thermal breaking devices. It can also be applied to an integrated miniaturized multi-pole residual current operated circuit breaker.
  • the operating device of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker of the present invention comprises two electromagnetic trip devices 23 arranged side by side and two thermal trip devices arranged side by side, each of the electromagnetic trip devices 23 including a short circuit.
  • the actuating ram 24 (see FIG. 4) capable of issuing a short-circuit tripping action when the current occurs, and the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic tripping device 23 drives the actuating jack 24 to move laterally when a short-circuit current occurs in the control loop of the pole. That is, the actuating ram 24 can issue a short-circuit tripping action when a short-circuit current occurs.
  • Each of the thermal trip devices includes a bimetal 21 capable of issuing an overload tripping action when an overload current occurs, and the free end of the bimetal 21 is oscillated by thermal deformation when an overload current occurs in the control loop of the pole.
  • the displacement that is, the bimetal 21 can give an overload tripping action when an overload current occurs.
  • the two electromagnetic trip devices 23 and the two thermal trip devices can be implemented by a known structure, wherein one electromagnetic trip device and one thermal trip device are connected in series with a set of dynamic and static contacts to form a pole switch.
  • the operating device further includes a trip link 9 provided with a locking hook 42 (see Fig. 5) pivotally mounted on the rotating plate 5 by the first twisting shaft 8 and passing through the U-shaped bar 4 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the illustrated shaft contacts 3 and 7 are mechanically coupled to the handle 1 to form a four-bar linkage transmission; a trip bar 13 provided with a lock tooth 41 (see FIG.
  • actuating lever 16 of the trip bar 13 are arranged side by side, and are respectively in contact with the bimetal 21 of the two thermal trip devices;
  • One of the contacts pivotally mounted on the mandrel 14 supports 15, 35, which pass two super The locating mechanisms are respectively coupled to the rotating plate 5; the two contact arms 17, 39 respectively provided with the movable contacts 18, 38 are fixedly coupled to the two contact supports 15, 35, respectively.
  • the specific pivoting structure (not shown) of the handle 1 pivotally mounted on the circuit breaker housing can be implemented in various ways, but in any case, such a function must be realized: the handle 1 is relatively There is only one degree of rotational freedom in the circuit breaker housing, and the angle of rotation of the handle 1 is limited, or the handle 1 has two defined positions corresponding to the closing state and the opening state of the operating device, the two defined The position also defines the angle of rotation of the handle 1.
  • the specific pivoting structure of the rotating plate 5 pivotally mounted on the circuit breaker housing by the mandrel 14 adopts a composite hinge structure in which a rotating hole (not shown) is provided on the rotating plate 5, and the axial hole is A rotatable fit is placed over the mandrel 14 and the mandrel 14 is fixedly coupled to the circuit breaker housing. Since the two contact supports 15, 35 are also pivotally mounted on the mandrel 14, the two contact supports 15, 35 are respectively provided with shaft holes (not shown) which are provided in a rotatable manner. On the mandrel 14, it can be seen that a structure in which two contact supports 15, 35 and a rotating plate 5 are fitted on the same mandrel 14 constitutes the above-described composite hinge structure.
  • This composite hinge structure includes both an eccentric structure and a concentric structure.
  • the preferred mode of the present invention is a concentric manner, that is, the center of rotation of the two contact supports 15, 35 and the rotating plate 5 is concentric with the axis of the mandrel 14.
  • the two contact supports 15, 35 are respectively in contact with the two faces of the rotating plate 5, that is, the two contact supports 15, 35 and the rotating plate 5 are fitted to the mandrel 14 in this manner.
  • the two contact supports 15, 35 are not only located on both sides of the rotating plate 5, but the two contact supports 15, 35 are respectively in contact with the two faces of the rotating plate 5, and the contact fits the two contacts
  • the support 15, 35 and the rotating plate 5 can have relative degrees of freedom of rotation, but there is no freedom of axial yaw.
  • the design of the present invention overcomes the conventional structural defects that the contact support is only coupled to the rotating plate.
  • the composite hinge structure especially the concentric structure, makes the structure of the operating device more compact and can greatly reduce the operating device.
  • the two contact supports 15, 35 can rotate independently and symmetrically around the same mandrel 14, effectively ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the moving contact, and ensuring the synchronization of the closing/breaking actions of the two moving contacts.
  • Sexuality ensures the consistency of the contact pressure between the two sets of moving and stationary contacts when closed.
  • the rotating plate 5 of Fig. 1 and the mechanical interlock 10 thereon are formed by a locking hook 42 (Fig. 5) on the trip link 9 and a locking tooth 41 (Fig. 5) on the trip bar 13 by mechanical interlocking 10
  • Controlling the stable closing or fault tripping of the operating device in particular, the contact of the locking hook 42 with the locking tooth 41 locks the mechanical interlock 10, and only when the mechanical interlock 10 is locked, the operating device can be closed successfully and can Keep the closing of the lock stable.
  • the separation of the locking hook 42 from the locking tooth 41 unlocks the mechanical interlock 10. In the closed state, if the mechanical interlock 10 is unlocked, the operating device automatically trips under the elastic force of an energy storage spring (not shown).
  • the operating device In the unlocked state of the mechanical interlock 10, the operating device cannot be successfully closed.
  • the locking/unlocking of the mechanical interlock 10 is controlled by the rotation of the trip bar 13 about the second twisting shaft 12, and the rotation of the trip bar 13 is caused by the actuating ram 24 of the electromagnetic trip device 23 and the thermal trip device
  • the metal piece 21 and the resetting member (not shown) are multi-driven, specifically: When the lateral movement of the movable ram 24 touches the shorting studs 31, 32 on the operating element 40 on the trip bar 13, or when the oscillating displacement of the free end of the bimetal 21 touches the overload on the actuating lever 16 on the trip bar 13 When the short columns 29, 30, the rotation of the trip bar 13 is driven, the rotation unlocks the mechanical interlock 10; the reset member can provide a flexible elastic force acting on the trip bar 13, the flexible elastic force driving the trip bar 13 Rotation causes the mechanical interlock 10 to automatically lock.
  • the reset member can be of known construction, and the flexible spring force of the reset member drives the mechanical interlock 10 to resume locking and maintain lock.
  • the energy storage spring acting on the rotating plate 5 can adopt a known structure which causes the elastic force of the energy storage spring to act on the rotating plate 5, always driving the rotating plate 5 to rotate in the opening direction, that is, in the operating device During the closing operation and in the closing state, the energy storage spring stores energy; during the tripping of the operating device, the energy storage spring releases energy, and the released energy drives the operating device to perform a tripping action; when the operating device is in the open or In the trip state, the energy storage spring is in an energy release state.
  • the actuating element 40 provided on the trip bar 13 can have two preferred specific configurations, namely that the actuating element 40 is fixedly coupled to the trip bar 13 or that the actuating element 40 is integrally formed with the trip bar 13.
  • “Fixed coupling” as used herein means that the operating element 40 and the trip bar 13 are two parts, and the operating element 40 is fixed to the trip bar 13 by a fixed coupling structure.
  • This structure has the advantage that the operating element 40 and the trip bar 13 can be realized. The location between them can be debugged.
  • the integral of the operating member 40 and the trip bar 13 means that the operating member 40 and the trip bar 13 are the same part. This structure has the advantage of improving production efficiency and being suitable for mass production.
  • the two shorting stubs 31, 32 of the operating element 40 are arranged side by side and are respectively in a tactile engagement with the actuating ram 24 of the two electromagnetic tripping devices, ie the actuation of one of the shorting stubs 31 and one of the electromagnetic tripping devices
  • the jack 24 is tactilely engaged and the other short stub 32 is in tactile engagement with the actuating jack 24 of the remaining one of the electromagnetic trip devices.
  • the force train structure of the actuating device is optimized.
  • a preferred solution is that the two short-circuit studs 31, 32 respectively face the two of the actuating elements 40.
  • the lateral extension forms a T-shape as shown in FIG.
  • the operating member 40 or the rotating plate 5 is provided with a shaft hole 33.
  • the actuating rod 16 is provided with a shaft block 34.
  • the shaft block 34 is inserted into the shaft hole 33 to form a mounting coupling, and between the shaft block 34 and the shaft hole 33 Use a dynamic fit or a static fit.
  • the two overload stubs 29, 30 of the actuating lever 16 are arranged side by side and are respectively in a tactile engagement with the bimetal 21 of the two thermal trip devices, that is, the bimetal of one of the overload stubs 29 and one of the thermal trip devices
  • the sheet 21 is tactilely engaged, and the other overload stud 29 is in tactile engagement with the bimetal 21 of the remaining one of the thermal trip devices.
  • the force system structure of the operating device is optimized.
  • a preferred solution is that the two overload stubs 29, 30 respectively face the two of the actuating rods 16
  • the lateral extension forms a T-shape as shown in FIG.
  • a preferred solution is that the overload stubs 29, 30 and the second strand 12
  • the positional distance B is greater than the positional distance A between the shorting stubs 31, 32 and the second twisted shaft 12, that is, the contact force of the bimetal 21 has a longer force arm than the actuation force of the actuating ram 24, Thereby, the contact force of the bimetal 21 can be lowered.
  • the two contact supports 15, 35 are respectively coupled to the rotating plate 5 by two overtravel mechanisms having the same structure.
  • the two overtravel mechanisms can have various specific structural solutions, and a preferred solution is: each overtravel
  • the mechanism includes an overtravel spring 19, a first stop 11 disposed on the contact support 15, 35, a second stop 20 disposed on the rotating plate 5, and a contact support 15, 35 and a rotating plate 5, respectively.
  • the first clutch face (shown in the clutch mechanism 6 of FIGS. 2 and 3) and the second clutch face (shown in the clutch mechanism 6 of FIGS. 2 and 3) constituting the clutch mechanism 6 are preferably said Two torsion springs 19 are respectively disposed on the two contact supports.
  • One end of the torsion spring cooperates with the first stop 11 and the other end cooperates with the second stop 20 on the rotating plate 5 to ensure the rotating plate. 5 when the contacts 22, 27, 18, 38 are in limited rotation between the open position and the closed position, the contact supports an effective engagement 6 with the rotating plate, as shown in Fig. 1, the torsion spring 19 is at the contacts 22, 27. , 18, 38 provide force when in the closed position. Specifically, one end of the overtravel spring 19 is coupled to the first stop 11, and the other end of the overtravel spring 19 is coupled to the second stop 20, and the movable contacts 18, 38 and the stationary contacts 22, 27 are disconnected. The clutch mechanism 6 is engaged, and the clutch mechanism 6 is separated when the movable contacts 18, 38 and the stationary contacts 22, 27 are closed.
  • the first clutch faces can be arranged on the contact supports 15, 35 in a known manner, i.e., each contact support is provided with a first clutch face.
  • the second clutch faces can be arranged on both sides of the rotating plate 5 in a known manner, i.e., the two faces of the rotating plate 5 are respectively provided with a second clutch face.
  • Two clutch mechanisms 6 are formed, one of which is constituted by a first clutch surface on one of the contact supports 15 and a second clutch surface on one side of the rotating plate 5, and the other clutch mechanism 6 is composed of another The first clutch surface on one of the contact holders 35 and the second clutch surface on the other side of the rotating plate 5 are formed.
  • the elastic force of the overtravel spring 19 drives the clutch mechanism 6 to mesh, that is, the first clutch surface is driven into contact with the second clutch surface, and therefore, when the contact supports 15, 35 have no external force, that is, the movable contacts 18, 38 and the stationary contacts
  • the first clutch surface is in contact with the second clutch surface, that is, the clutch mechanism 6 is engaged, the meshing restricts the relative rotation of the contact support 15, 35 and the rotating plate 5, so that the contact supports 15, 35 and The relative position of the rotating plate 5 is stabilized to achieve linkage.
  • the embodiment given in the drawings is exemplified by a combination of an operating device and a switching device of two poles, but the invention
  • the operating device of the multi-pole miniature circuit breaker is not limited to this manner, and may be a combination of a plurality of operating devices and a plurality of pole switching units, such as a combination of two operating devices and four pole switching units.
  • an alternative solution is that the operating element 40 and the actuating lever 16 are located at an interval D between the two contact supports 15, 35. Inside.
  • the layout structure is such that the width dimension of the operating device does not exceed the width of two switch units arranged side by side, which facilitates the uniform arrangement of the plurality of operating devices on the front side of the multi-pole circuit breaker, and the linkage between the operating devices Coordinated and reliable.
  • the engagement of the mechanism 6 drives the two contact supports 15, 35 to rotate together, and the contact supports 15, 35 drive the two movable contacts 18, 38 simultaneously to the two stationary contacts 22, 27 until the two movable contacts 18 38 is in contact with the two stationary contacts 22, 27, respectively, and the operating device enters the closing state shown in FIG. 3.
  • the two clutch mechanisms 6 are separated, and the two overtravel springs 19 respectively touch the two groups. The point provides the necessary contact pressure while the energy storage spring mounted on the rotating plate completes the compressed energy storage.
  • the overload current can bend and deform the bimetal 21, such as the trip device.
  • the tripping action of the free end swing occurs, and the tripping action of the bimetal 21 activates the overload stub 29 or 30, which causes the trip bar 13 to rotate about the second spindle 12 in the counterclockwise direction, and drives the trip bar 13
  • the locking teeth 41 are separated from the locking hooks 42 of the tripping link 9, causing the mechanical interlock 10 to unlock, the energy storage spring releasing energy, and the elastic force of the energy storage spring driving the rotating plate 5 to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating plate 5 first causes the clutch mechanism 6 to rotate.

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Abstract

多极小型断路器的操作装置，包括手柄、通过心轴枢装在壳体上的转动板、两对可闭合/分断配合的触点以及两个并排设置的电磁脱扣装置和热脱扣装置。设有锁钩的脱扣连杆通过第一绞轴枢装在转动板上；通过第二绞轴枢装在转动板上的跳闸杆上设有锁齿、能分别与相邻两极断路器电磁脱扣装置配合的操纵元件和能分别与相邻两极断路器热脱扣装置的双金属片配合的致动杆，其两端分别与手柄和脱扣连杆铰链联接的U型杆，两个并排设置在操纵元件上的短路短柱分别与两个电磁脱扣装置的致动顶杆触动配合；两个并排设置在致动杆上的过载短柱分别与两个热脱扣装置的双金属片触动配合。跳闸杆能被相邻的两组独立的脱扣装置控制，体积小、结构紧凑且动作更为可靠。

Description

一种多极小型断路器的操作装置 技术领域
本发明涉及低压小型断路器，具体涉及一种小型断路器的操作装置，特别是一种多极小型断路器的操作装置，该操作装置能与断路器单元协同，断路器可以是由热、电磁脱扣装置和与操作装置关联的可开断的触头组组成的两极断路器，也可以是由两个或以上操作装置协同的多极断路器。
背景技术
一般低压断路器，特别是终端类小型断路器的操作机构，其外形尺寸存在模数化标准要求，同时还要求具有短路保护和过载保护功能，此外往往还有剩余电流动作保护的需求，为此，现有的多极小型断路器多数采用拼装的结构，用多个单极小型断路器拼装成一个多极小型断路器，如中国专利CN1013816B所公开的“低压电力断路器的操作机构”和中国专利CN1018684B所公开的“一种小型断路器的操作机构”等，其特点是每个单极小型断路器的外壳内都具有一个独立的操作装置和一对具有断开和闭合位置的可分离的动静触头组、一个用于短路保护的电磁脱扣装置、一个用于过载保护的热脱扣装置，操作装置只能与一个电磁脱扣装置和一个热脱扣装置机械耦合，即一个操作机构只能控制一极断路器回路的闭合和断开。现有的操作机构即使能操作两个动触头的闭合/分断动作，但这两个动触头也只是同一控制回路中的开关触点，而不能用作控制两个不同回路的两个极触头。如中国专利CN1033833C所公开的“用于一相线和中线电路断路器的带摆动杆的操纵机构”，这种操作机构采用一转动板可同时驱动相线和中线电路触点的闭合和断开，但断路杆仅能被一个断路装置控制。尽管这种操纵机构能操作两个动触头与静触头的闭合/分断，但应当能理解到，其由两个动触头和两个静触头构成的一双开关元件分别处在相线电路和中线电路中，而在实际运行时，相线电路和中线电路被负载串联在同一个回路中，因此，这种只有一套电磁脱扣装置和热脱扣装置的断路器并不是真正的双极断路器，不能用于操作两个独立回路的闭合/分断，而多极断路器必须每一个极有一套电磁脱扣装置和热脱扣装置。
断路器应用实践证明，已有操作机构的用以提供触点压力的柔性装置不能满足多极断路器的各极之间的触点压力一致性的要求，原因是其弹簧作用于针杆的弹力分别与两个触点支承作用于针杆的作用力之间的力臂难以实现相等，因此，两个触点支承上所受到的弹 簧的弹力虽然能平衡，但不能相等，由此使得两个触点支承上的两个动触头分别与两个静触头闭合时的接触压力不相等，为此，现有的多极小型断路器的每个极都设有一个独立的操作装置。上述专利中所描述的操作机构，或仅控制一极断路器回路闭合和断开，或适用于相线和中线电路断路器，目前世界上终端小型断路器都在向小型化方向发展，小型化不仅指缩小断路器产品的体积，也指其宽度尺寸，特别是两极以上的多极断路器的宽度尺寸模数大幅缩小，以节省安装断路器的终端控制箱的宝贵空间，而且对于提升断路器产品的电流规格具有关键作用。若采用上述操作机构技术，两极断路器需要两个操作机构平行并列布置，多极断路器则需要多个操作机构平行并列布置，显然无法实现断路器小型化且高分断的日益迫切要求。但如果两个极共用一个操作装置，即一个操作装置控制两个极的动触头与静触头的闭合/分断，显然能缩小断路器产品的体积，不过现有的多极或单极小型断路器在模数化标准的约束下，其结构已非常紧凑，在已很拥挤的内部空间中需要解决以下技术问题：一是操作装置必须同步控制两个动触头分别与两个静触头闭合/分断，并且两个动触头与两个静触头闭合时的接触压力相等；二是操作装置必须分别与两个电磁脱扣装置机械耦合，并且其中任意一个电磁脱扣装置的脱扣动作都能可靠致使操作装置脱扣跳闸；三是操作装置必须分别与两个热脱扣装置机械耦合，并且其中任意一个热脱扣装置的脱扣动作都能可靠致使操作装置脱扣跳闸。因此，要解决上述这些技术问题，必须对操作装置进行整体的小型化结构优化设计。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种多极小型断路器的操作装置，不仅可同时操作两个极的两组动触点与静触点的闭合/分断、实现同时与两个电磁脱扣装置和两个热脱扣装置耦合的功能效果，并且体积小、结构紧凑、布局合理且动作更为可靠。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了如下具体技术方案。
一种多极小型断路器的操作装置，包括通过转轴2枢转安装在断路器壳体上的手柄1、通过心轴14枢转安装在断路器壳体上的转动板5、两个静触点22、27和两个分别与静触点22、27闭合/分断配合的动触点18、38、一个作用于转动板5上的储能弹簧和一个驱使跳闸杆13复位的复位件；以及两个并排设置的电磁脱扣装置23，每个电磁脱扣装置包括一个在短路电流出现时能发出短路脱扣动作的致动顶杆24；两个并排设置的热脱扣装置，每个热脱扣装置包括一个在过载电流出现时能发出过载脱扣动作的双金属片21。所述的操作装置还包括：一个设有锁钩42的脱扣连杆9，通过第一绞轴8枢转安装在转动板5上；一个 跳闸杆13，其上设有锁齿41、能分别与相邻两极断路器电磁脱扣装置配合的操纵元件40和能分别与相邻两极断路器热脱扣装置的双金属片配合的致动杆16，所述的跳闸杆13通过第二绞轴12枢转安装在转动板5上，并可绕该轴做有限转动；一个其两端分别与手柄1和脱扣连杆9铰链联接的U型杆4，可驱使所述的脱扣连杆9绕第一绞轴8做逆时针或顺时针运动；两个并排设置在所述的跳闸杆13的操纵元件40上的短路短柱31、32，它们分别与所述的两个电磁脱扣装置23的致动顶杆24、24触动配合；两个并排设置在所述的跳闸杆13的致动杆16上的过载短柱29和30，它们分别与所述的两个热脱扣装置的双金属片21、21触动配合。
根据本发明的又一种实施方式：所述的操纵元件40与跳闸杆13固定联接；或者所述的操纵元件40与跳闸杆13一体成型。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式：所述的操纵元件40或跳闸杆13上设有轴孔33，所述的致动杆16上设有轴台34，并且所述的轴台34插入轴孔33形成安装联接。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式：所述的致动杆16与跳闸杆13固定联接；或者所述的致动杆16与跳闸杆13一体成型。
根据本发明的再一种实施方式：所述的心轴14上枢转安装有两个触点支持15、35，它们分别通过两个超程机构与所述的转动板5联接；所述的两个动触点18、38分别设置在一个对应的触点臂17、39上，它们分别与两个触点支持15、35固定联接。
根据本发明的再一种实施方式：所述触点臂17、39分别与触点支持15、35一体成型。
根据本发明的进一步实施方式：每个超程机构包括一个超程弹簧19、设置在触点支持15、35上的第一止挡11、设置在转动板5上的第二止挡20以及分别设置在触点支持15、35和转动板5上的构成离合机构6的第一离合面和第二离合面，超程弹簧19的一端与第一止挡11联接，超程弹簧19的另一端与第二止挡20联接，在动触点18、38与静触点22、27分断状态下，所述的离合机构6啮合，在动触点18、38与静触点22、27闭合状态下，所述的离合机构6分离；所述的两个触点支持15、35和转动板5的转动中心均与心轴14的轴心同心。
根据本发明的又一种实施方式：所述的过载短柱29、30与第二绞轴12之间的位置距离B大于所述的短路短柱31、32与第二绞轴12之间的位置距离A。
根据本发明的进一步优选方式：所述的操纵元件40和致动杆16位于所述的两个触点支持15、35之间的间隔D内。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式：所述的两个短路短柱31、32分别朝所述的操纵元件40 的两个侧向伸展形成T字状。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式：所述的两个过载短柱29、30分别朝所述的致动杆16的两个侧向伸展形成T字状。
根据本发明的进一步优选方式：所述的两个触点支持15、35分别与转动板5的两个面接触配合。
采用上述本发明的任一技术方案，跳闸杆能被相邻的两组独立的断路装置控制，大幅度减小了多极小型断路器的体积，特别是能显著减小具有模数化要求的宽度尺寸，而且有效降低了两侧电磁断路装置的驱动力，使得在过载电流情况下双金属片产生的热断路力被尽可能的减小，使操作装置动作更为可靠，使得在实现多极小型断路器的小型化的同时，还能提升小型断路器的电流规格。
附图说明
从附图所示实施例的描述中可更清楚地看出本发明的优点和特征，其中：
图1是本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置的平面结构示意图。
图2是本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置的动触点与静触点处于分断状态的平面结构示意图。
图3是本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置的动触点与静触点处于闭合状态的平面结构示意图。
图4和图5是本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置与断路装置配合的立体结构示意图，其中图5是操作装置处于触点闭合位置时的立体结构图，图4和图5分别示出了操纵元件40、致动杆16与两个电磁脱扣装置和两个热脱扣装置之间的耦合联接关系。
图6是本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置的操纵元件40和致动杆16铰接的零件立体爆炸图，示出了操纵元件40和致动杆16的形状结构及它们之间的装配结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1至图6给出的实施例，进一步说明本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置的具体实施方式。本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置不限于以下实施例的描述。
如图1的结构示意图所示，本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置安装在电路断路器的绝缘壳体(图中未示出)中，主要包含一个手柄1，轴接于壳体上的转轴2；一个U型杆4和一个转动板5及其上的机械联锁10形成的四连杆机构，手柄1通过转轴2枢转安装在断路 器的绝缘壳体上，转动板5通过心轴14枢转安装在断路器壳体上，U型杆4的两端分别与手柄1和脱扣连杆9铰链联接；跳闸杆13枢轴地安装在转动板5的第二绞轴12上，并可绕该轴做有限转动；一个储能弹簧(图中未示出)作用于转动板5上，一个复位件(图中未示出)驱使跳闸杆13复位。可通过人工或机械的方式将手柄1置于电路断路器触点的闭合位置和断开位置，或者通过一断路装置自动操作。本发明提供的多极小型断路器包括两组开关元件，带有两个相邻静触点22、27及与之闭合/分断配合的可动触点18、38，两个相邻的对短路电流敏感的电磁断路装置23、23，和对应的两个对过载电流敏感的带有双金属片21、21的热断路装置的一体式小型化两极断路器。或者是由两个操作装置协同的带有多组开关元件及对应的电磁断路装置和热断路装置的一体式小型化多极断路器，该断路器是可控制多个独立回路的断路器，可以是三极四线断路器，其三个极分别是三相火线，而另一个极是中线；也可以是四极断路器，四个极都带有电磁断路装置和热断路装置。也可应用于一体式小型化多极剩余电流动作断路器。
参见图2-6，本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置包括两个并排设置的电磁脱扣装置23和两个并排设置的热脱扣装置，每个电磁脱扣装置23包括一个在短路电流出现时能发出短路脱扣动作的致动顶杆24(参见图4)，在所在极的控制回路中出现短路电流时，电磁脱扣装置23的电磁力驱使致动顶杆24横向移动，即致动顶杆24在短路电流出现时能发出短路脱扣动作。每个热脱扣装置包括一个在过载电流出现时能发出过载脱扣动作的双金属片21，在所在极的控制回路中出现过载电流时，双金属片21的自由端因受热变形而产生摆动位移，即双金属片21在过载电流出现时能发出过载脱扣动作。两个电磁脱扣装置23和两个热脱扣装置可采用已知的结构实现，其中一个电磁脱扣装置和一个热脱扣装置与一组动、静触点串联联接，形成一个极的开关单元，用于控制一个极的通/断和实现一个极的短路、过载保护，另一个电磁脱扣装置和另一个热脱扣装置与另一组动、静触点串联联接，形成另一个极的开关单元，用于控制另一个极的通/断和实现另一个极的短路、过载保护。操作装置还包括一个设有锁钩42(参见图5)的脱扣连杆9，它通过第一绞轴8枢转安装在转动板5上，并通过所述U型杆4以图1所示的轴接点3和7的方式机械地连接于所述手柄1，形成四连杆机构的传动装置；一个设有锁齿41(参见图6)的跳闸杆13，它通过第二绞轴12枢转安装在转动板5上；两个设置在跳闸杆13的操纵元件40上的短路短柱31、32(参见图4)并排设置，并分别与两个电磁脱扣装置的致动顶杆24触动配合；两个设置在跳闸杆13的致动杆16上的过载短柱29、30(参见图4)并排设置，并分别与两个热脱扣装置的双金属片21触动配合；两个枢转安装在心轴14上的触点支持15、35，它们通过两个超 程机构分别与转动板5联接；两个分别设有所述的动触点18、38的触点臂17、39分别与两个触点支持15、35固定联接。
手柄1通过转轴2枢转安装在断路器壳体上的具体的枢转结构(图中未示出)可有多种实现方式，但不管何种方式，都必须实现这样的功能：手柄1相对于断路器壳体只有一个转动自由度，并且手柄1的转动的角度有限制，或者说，手柄1具有两个对应操作装置的合闸状态和分闸状态的限定的位置，这两个限定的位置也限定了手柄1的转动角度。
转动板5通过心轴14枢转安装在断路器壳体上的具体的枢转结构采用如下复合铰链结构，即在转动板5上设有轴孔(图中未示出)，该轴孔以可转动的配合形式套装在心轴14上，心轴14与断路器壳体固定联接。由于两个触点支持15、35也枢转安装在心轴14上，即两个触点支持15、35分别设有轴孔(图中未示出)，该轴孔以可转动的配合形式套装在心轴14上，由此可见，在同一个心轴14上套装了两个触点支持15、35和一个转动板5的结构，构成了上述复合铰链结构。这种复合铰链结构包括偏心结构和同心结构两种方式，本发明优选的方式是同心方式，即两个触点支持15、35和转动板5的转动中心与心轴14的轴心同心。所述的两个触点支持15、35分别与转动板5的两个面接触配合，也就是说，两个触点支持15、35和转动板5是以这样的方式套装到心轴14上的：两个触点支持15、35不仅位于所述的转动板5的两边，而且两个触点支持15、35分别与转动板5的两个面接触配合，该接触配合使得两个触点支持15、35与转动板5可有相对转动的自由度，但不能有轴向窜动的自由度。显然，本发明的设计克服了触点支持仅与转动板联接的传统的结构缺陷，采用了这种复合铰链结构，特别是同心结构，使得操作装置的结构更加紧凑，可大幅度减小操作装置的体积，以满足小型化设计的要求。尤其是两个触点支持15、35能绕同一个心轴14独立并对称地转动，有效确保了动触点的动作精度和可靠性，确保了两个动触点的闭合/分断动作的同步性，确保了两组动触点与静触点在闭合时的接触压力的一致性。
图1中的转动板5及其上的机械联锁10由脱扣连杆9上的锁钩42(图5)与跳闸杆13上的锁齿41(图5)形成，由机械联锁10控制操作装置的稳定合闸或故障跳闸，具体地说，锁钩42与锁齿41的接触使机械联锁10锁定，只有在械联锁10锁定的状态下，操作装置才能合闸成功并能保持合闸的稳定。锁钩42与锁齿41的分离使机械联锁10解锁，在合闸状态下，如果机械联锁10解锁，则在储能弹簧(图中未示出)的弹力驱动下操作装置自动跳闸，在机械联锁10解锁状态下，操作装置不能成功合闸。机械联锁10的锁定/解锁是由跳闸杆13绕第二绞轴12的转动控制的，而跳闸杆13的转动是由电磁脱扣装置23的致动顶杆24、热脱扣装置的双金属片21、复位件(图中未示出)多重驱动的，具体地说：当致 动顶杆24的横向移动触动跳闸杆13上的操纵元件40上的短路短柱31、32时，或者当双金属片21的自由端的摆动位移触动跳闸杆13上的致动杆16上的过载短柱29、30时，都会驱动跳闸杆13的转动，该转动使机械联锁10解锁；所述的复位件能提供一个柔性的弹力作用于跳闸杆13，该柔性的弹力驱使跳闸杆13的转动使机械联锁10自动锁定。所述的复位件可采用已知的结构，复位件的柔性的弹力驱使机械联锁10恢复锁定和维持锁定。作用于转动板5上的储能弹簧可采用已知的结构，该结构使得储能弹簧作用于转动板5上的弹力，总是驱使转动板5向分闸方向转动，即：在操作装置的合闸操作过程中和处于合闸状态下，储能弹簧存储能量；在操作装置的跳闸过程中，储能弹簧释放能量，释放出的能量驱使操作装置执行跳闸动作；在操作装置处于分闸或跳闸状态，储能弹簧处于能量释放状态。
设置在跳闸杆13上的操纵元件40可有两种优选的具体结构方式，即：所述的操纵元件40与跳闸杆13固定联接；或者操纵元件40与跳闸杆13一体成型。在此的“固定联接”是指操纵元件40与跳闸杆13为两个零件，操纵元件40通过固定联接结构固定到跳闸杆13上，这种结构的优点在于可实现操纵元件40与跳闸杆13之间的位置可调试。“操纵元件40与跳闸杆13一体成型”是指操纵元件40与跳闸杆13为同一个零件，这种结构的优点在于可提高生产效率，适于大规模生产。操纵元件40的两个短路短柱31、32并排设置，并分别与两个电磁脱扣装置的致动顶杆24触动配合，即其中一个短路短柱31与其中一个电磁脱扣装置的致动顶杆24触动配合，另一个短路短柱32与剩余的一个电磁脱扣装置的致动顶杆24触动配合。为了实现两个致动顶杆24的触动力的对称分布，优化操作装置的力系结构，一种优选的方案是：所述的两个短路短柱31、32分别朝操纵元件40的两个侧向伸展形成如图6所示的T字状。跳闸杆13上的致动杆16与跳闸杆13之间的具体联接结构有两种，一种是一体成型结构，另一种是分体成型结构，优选后一种结构，具体是：所述的操纵元件40或转动板5上设有轴孔33，所述的致动杆16上设有轴台34，轴台34插入轴孔33形成安装联接，轴台34与轴孔33之间可采用动配合或静配合。致动杆16的两个过载短柱29、30并排设置，并分别与两个热脱扣装置的双金属片21触动配合，即其中一个过载短柱29与其中一个热脱扣装置的双金属片21触动配合，另一个过载短柱29与剩余的一个热脱扣装置的双金属片21触动配合。为了实现两个双金属片21的触动力的对称分布，优化操作装置的力系结构，一种优选的方案是：所述的两个过载短柱29、30分别朝致动杆16的两个侧向伸展形成如图6所示的T字状。为了使操作装置的结构更加紧凑，进一步优化操作装置的力系结构，一种优选的方案是，所述过载短柱29、30与第二绞轴12之 间的位置距离B大于短路短柱31、32与第二绞轴12之间的位置距离A，即使得双金属片21的触动力比致动顶杆24的触动力具有更长的力臂，从而可降低双金属片21的触动力。
两个触点支持15、35通过两个具有相同的结构的超程机构分别与转动板5联接，两个超程机构可有多种具体结构方案，一种优选的方案是：每个超程机构包括一个超程弹簧19、设置在触点支持15、35上的第一止挡11、设置在转动板5上的第二止挡20、分别设置在触点支持15、35和转动板5上的构成离合机构6的第一离合面(见图2和图3的离合机构6中所示)和第二离合面(见图2和图3的离合机构6中所示)，优选所述两个触点支持上还分别设置有两个扭簧19，扭簧一端与所述第一止挡11配合，另一端与所述转动板5上的第二止挡20配合，以确保转动板5在触点22、27、18、38处于断开位置和闭合位置之间有限转动时，触点支持与转动板形成有效啮合6，如图1，所述扭簧19在触点22、27、18、38处于闭合位置时提供作用力。具体地说，超程弹簧19的一端与第一止挡11联接，超程弹簧19的另一端与第二止挡20联接，在动触点18、38与静触点22、27分断状态下，离合机构6啮合，在动触点18、38与静触点22、27闭合状态下，离合机构6分离。第一离合面可采用已知的方式设置在触点支持15、35上，即每个触点支持上分别设有一个第一离合面。第二离合面可采用已知的方式设置在转动板5的两面，即转动板5的两面分别设有一个第二离合面。当两个触点支持15、35和一个转动板5套装到心轴14上后，两个触点支持15、35分别与转动板5的两个面接触配合，由此在转动板5的两面构成两个离合机构6，其中一个离合机构6是由其中一个触点支持15上的第一离合面与转动板5的其中一面上的第二离合面构成，而另一个离合机构6是由另一个触点支持35上的第一离合面与转动板5的另一面上的第二离合面构成。超程弹簧19的弹力驱使离合机构6啮合，即驱使第一离合面与第二离合面接触，因此，在触点支持15、35无外力作用时，即动触点18、38与静触点22、27处于分断时，第一离合面与第二离合面接触，即离合机构6啮合，该啮合限制了触点支持15、35与转动板5的相对转动，使触点支持15、35与转动板5的相对位置稳定而实现联动。在动触点18、38与静触点22、27处于闭合状态下，由于动触点18、38与静触点22、27的接触，使得在合闸过程中转动板5转过的行程大于触点支持15、35转过的行程(即超程)，储能弹簧的弹力克服超程弹簧19的弹力，驱使有效啮合6分离，即第一离合面与第二离合面分离。由此不难得出，采用上述的超程机构后，动触点18、38与静触点22、27之间的接触压力的大小取决于超程弹簧19的弹力。由于本发明采用了两个超程弹簧19分别作用于两个触点支持15、35，因此能保证两组触头的接触压力的一致性。
附图给出的实施例以一个操作装置与两个极的开关单元的组合方式为例，然而本发明 的多极小型断路器的操作装置不限于此方式，可以是由多个操作装置与更多个极的开关单元的组合方式，如由2个操作装置与4个极的开关单元的组合方式。为了使两个以上的操作装置能紧凑地并排设置和协同工作，一种可选的方案是，所述的操纵元件40和致动杆16位于两个触点支持15、35之间的间隔D内。显然，这种布局结构，使得操作装置的宽度尺寸不超过两个并排设置的开关单元的宽度，有利于实现多个操作装置在多极断路器正面的均匀布置，而且各操作装置之间的联动协调可靠。
下面结合图2-图4，进一步说明本发明的多极小型断路器的操作装置的操作过程。
正常合闸过程：
从图2所示的分闸或跳闸状态，手动或自动装置顺时针推动手柄1绕转轴2转动时，由于脱扣连杆9的锁钩42与跳闸杆13的锁齿41啮合使机械联锁10处于锁定，所以手柄1带动U形杆4并使U形杆4推动脱扣连杆9、跳闸杆13和转动板5一起绕心轴14顺时针转动，转动板5通过超程机构的离合机构6的啮合驱动两个触点支持15、35一同转动，触点支持15、35带动两个动触点18、38同时向两个静触点22、27闭合，直到两个动触点18、38分别与两个静触点22、27接触，操作装置进入图3所示的合闸状态，在此状态下，两个离合机构6均分离，两个超程弹簧19分别给两组触点提供必要的接触压力，同时，安装在转动板上的储能弹簧完成压缩储能。
正常分闸过程：
从图3所示的正常合闸状态，手动或自动装置逆时针推动手柄1绕转轴2转动时，由于脱扣连杆9的锁钩42与跳闸杆13的锁齿41啮合使机械联锁10处于锁定，所以手柄1带动U形杆4并使U形杆4推动脱扣连杆9、跳闸杆13和转动板5一起绕心轴14逆时针转动，转动板5的转动先使离合机构6均啮合，然后再通过啮合的离合机构6驱动两个触点支持15、35一同转动，触点支持15、35带动两个动触点18、38同时向远离两个静触点22、27分离，直到两个动触点18、38分别与两个静触点22、27分离到位，操作装置进入图2所示的分闸状态，在此状态下，储能弹簧释放能量。
短路跳闸过程：
在图3所示的正常合闸状态下，如果任意一个串联联接在控制回路中的电磁脱扣装置23有短路电流流过，则短路电流瞬时激励所在的电磁脱扣装置23的致动顶杆24产生横向移动的脱扣动作，继而触动短路短柱31或32动作，该动作使跳闸杆13按逆时针方向绕第二绞轴12转动，并驱使跳闸杆13的锁齿41与脱扣连杆9的锁钩42分离，致使机械联锁10解锁，储能弹簧释放能量，储能弹簧的弹力驱使转动板5转动，转动板5的转动先使离 合机构6均啮合，然后再通过啮合的离合机构6驱动两个触点支持15、35一同转动，触点支持15、35带动两个动触点18、38同时向远离两个静触点22、27分离，直到两个动触点18、38分别与两个静触点22、27分离到位，操作装置进入图2所示的跳闸状态。
过载跳闸过程：
在图3所示的正常合闸状态下，如果任意一个串联联接在控制回路中的热脱扣装置有过载电流流过，则过载电流能使所在的如脱扣装置的双金属片21弯曲变形，产生自由端摆动的脱扣动作，双金属片21的脱扣动作触动过载短柱29或30动作，该动作使跳闸杆13按逆时针方向绕第二绞轴12转动，并驱使跳闸杆13的锁齿41与脱扣连杆9的锁钩42分离，致使机械联锁10解锁，储能弹簧释放能量，储能弹簧的弹力驱使转动板5转动，转动板5的转动先使离合机构6均啮合，然后再通过啮合的离合机构6驱动两个触点支持15、35一同转动，触点支持15、35带动两个动触点18、38同时向远离两个静触点22、27分离，直到两个动触点18、38分别与两个静触点22、27分离到位，操作装置进入图2所示的跳闸状态。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明权利要求做出的技术等效变化与修改，皆应视为本发明的涵盖范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多极小型断路器的操作装置，包括通过转轴(2)枢转安装在断路器壳体上的手柄(1)、通过心轴(14)枢转安装在断路器壳体上的转动板(5)、两个静触点(22、27)和两个分别与静触点(22、27)闭合/分断配合的动触点(18、38)、一个作用于转动板(5)上的储能弹簧和一个驱使跳闸杆(13)复位的复位件；以及两个并排设置的电磁脱扣装置(23)，每个电磁脱扣装置包括一个在短路电流出现时能发出短路脱扣动作的致动顶杆(24)；两个并排设置的热脱扣装置，每个热脱扣装置包括一个在过载电流出现时能发出过载脱扣动作的双金属片(21)；
    其特征在于，所述的操作装置还包括：
    一个设有锁钩(42)的脱扣连杆(9)，通过第一绞轴(8)枢转安装在转动板(5)上；
    一个跳闸杆(13)，其上设有锁齿(41)、能分别与相邻两极断路器电磁脱扣装置配合的操纵元件(40)和能分别与相邻两极断路器热脱扣装置的双金属片配合的致动杆(16)，所述的跳闸杆(13)通过第二绞轴(12)枢转安装在转动板(5)上，并可绕该轴做有限转动；
    一个其两端分别与手柄(1)和脱扣连杆(9)铰链联接的U型杆(4)，可驱使所述的脱扣连杆(9)绕第一绞轴(8)做逆时针或顺时针运动；
    两个并排设置在所述的跳闸杆(13)的操纵元件(40)上的短路短柱(31、32)，它们分别与所述的两个电磁脱扣装置(23)的致动顶杆(24、24)触动配合；
    两个并排设置在所述的跳闸杆(13)的致动杆(16)上的过载短柱(29和30)，它们分别与所述的两个热脱扣装置的双金属片(21、21)触动配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：所述的操纵元件(40)与跳闸杆(13)固定联接；或者所述的操纵元件(40)与跳闸杆(13)一体成型。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：所述的操纵元件(40)或跳闸杆(13)上设有轴孔(33)，所述的致动杆(16)上设有轴台(34)，并且所述的轴台(34)插入轴孔(33)形成安装联接；或者所述操纵元件(40)或跳闸杆(13)与致动杆(16)一体成型。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：
    所述的心轴(14)上枢转安装有两个触点支持(15、35)，它们分别通过两个超程机构与所述的转动板(5)联接；
    所述的两个动触点(18、38)分别设置在一个对应的触点臂(17、39)上，它们分别与 两个触点支持(15、35)固定联接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：
    每个超程机构包括一个超程弹簧(19)、设置在触点支持(15、35)上的第一止挡(11)、设置在转动板(5)上的第二止挡(20)以及分别设置在触点支持(15、35)和转动板(5)上的构成离合机构(6)的第一离合面和第二离合面，超程弹簧(19)的一端与第一止挡(11)联接，超程弹簧(19)的另一端与第二止挡(20)联接，在动触点(18、38)与静触点(22、27)分断状态下，所述的离合机构(6)啮合，在动触点(18、38)与静触点(22、27)分断状态下，所述的离合机构(6)分离；
    所述的两个触点支持(15、35)和转动板(5)的转动中心均与心轴(14)的轴心同心。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：所述的过载短柱(29、30)与第二绞轴(12)之间的位置距离B大于所述的短路短柱(31、32)与第二绞轴(12)之间的位置距离A。
  7. 根据权利要求1或4所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：所述的操纵元件(40)和致动杆(16)位于所述的两个触点支持(15、35)之间的间隔D内。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：所述的两个短路短柱(31、32)分别朝所述的操纵元件(40)的两个侧向伸展形成T字状。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：所述的两个过载短柱(29、30)分别朝所述的致动杆(16)的两个侧向伸展形成T字状。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的多极小型断路器的操作装置，其特征在于：所述的两个触点支持(15、35)分别与转动板(5)的两个面接触配合。
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