WO2016000284A1 - 一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜工艺与装置 - Google Patents

一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜工艺与装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016000284A1
WO2016000284A1 PCT/CN2014/082592 CN2014082592W WO2016000284A1 WO 2016000284 A1 WO2016000284 A1 WO 2016000284A1 CN 2014082592 W CN2014082592 W CN 2014082592W WO 2016000284 A1 WO2016000284 A1 WO 2016000284A1
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Prior art keywords
microbeads
temperature
fly ash
coal
condensation
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PCT/CN2014/082592
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
常景彩
马春元
陶爱平
孟镇
徐纯燕
高明峰
Original Assignee
山东大学
华电环保系统工程有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201420358329.0U external-priority patent/CN203916894U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410307428.0A external-priority patent/CN104043527B/zh
Application filed by 山东大学, 华电环保系统工程有限公司 filed Critical 山东大学
Publication of WO2016000284A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016000284A1/zh
Priority to US15/271,535 priority Critical patent/US10350612B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B03C3/014—Addition of water; Heat exchange, e.g. by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0075—Nozzle arrangements in gas streams

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of air pollutant treatment, and particularly relates to a surface condensation film process and device for efficiently removing fine particles of coal fly ash glass microbeads.
  • coal-fired units At present, most domestic thermal power plants use coal-fired units. Due to the stricter requirements of the state for the control of atmospheric pollutants, coal-fired units promote the coal-fired emission indicators to the gas turbine under the premise of ensuring low coal-fired power generation costs and high thermal efficiency. Close to become the trend of environmental governance development. However, one of the main difficulties in meeting the requirements for ultra-clean emission targets for coal-fired units is the control of fine particulate emissions in soot.
  • the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet of a coal-fired power station emits fine particles with a particle size of 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m, and glass microbeads with a particle size of less than 2.5 ⁇ m account for more than 90% of the total number of escaped particles.
  • ESP electrostatic precipitator
  • the mass concentration of the floating beads discharged after the electrostatic precipitator of the coal-fired boiler is 3 ⁇ 20mg/m 3
  • the composition is Si0 2 and A1 2 0 3 is mainly composed of fine particles, smooth surface, high electrical insulation strength, flame retardant, temperature and heat resistance, but because of its high specific resistance (100 ⁇ 120 °C, specific resistance value is 5x lO u ⁇ 10 12 Q m), the charging performance is poor, and the conventional ESP technology has very limited removal efficiency.
  • coal-fired fly ash microbeads can be used in aerospace, aerospace, building materials, vehicles, weapons, etc., surface-modified microbeads and density Small, good electrical conductivity and other advantages. Furthermore, in the case of some superhydrophobic materials under condensation conditions (such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), silicon wafers, glass, etc.), the difference in the uniformity of the condensed droplets infiltrating into the surface will directly change the degree of hydrophobic properties.
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • the invention is based on the physicochemical properties of coal-fired soot microbeads.
  • the particle shape existing in the coal-fired flue gas is nearly spherical, and has a small particle size and a hollow thin-wall structure. , exhibiting a large specific surface area (>10 5 cm 2 /g), featuring high adsorption, high adhesion and high surface energy.
  • the invention aims at the main physicochemical properties of the above microbeads, and proposes a method for coagulating the surface of the microbeads for efficient removal of coal fly ash, and designing a corresponding coagulating device.
  • the invention adopts a specific high-temperature droplet generating method, and controls the condensing speed of the atomized particles and the residence time of the droplets to induce nuclear coagulation on the outer surface of the microbead, the surface microprotrusions and the inner surface of the microbeads, thereby realizing the specific resistance of the microbeads. Reduced, and then efficiently captured by the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the present invention is achieved by:
  • a surface coagulating process for efficiently removing coal-fired fly ash microbeads characterized in that the process:
  • the high-temperature water is atomized into 10 ⁇ 20 ⁇ monodisperse droplets by ultrasonic waves to increase the saturation of the flue gas to saturation in supersaturation state, and the saturation SR>1.3;
  • the residence time in the flue gas is controlled at 300ms ⁇ ls, and then enters the electrostatic precipitator with the flue gas.
  • the utility model is characterized in that: the flower plate type atomizer is composed of a heating plate, a transducer, an atomizing head, a Lafar tube, a main inlet pipe, a water inlet pipe, and the like, and 12 to 36 welded in the circumferential array of the flower plate.
  • the atomizing head of ⁇ 30 has a main inlet pipe welded in the center of the plate, a water inlet pipe in the circumferential direction, an inlet branch pipe connected with the atomizing head, an ultrasonic transducer in the atomizing head, and a tailing method of the atomizing head Tube.
  • a condensation sleeve is arranged on the flue between the flower plate type atomizer and the electrostatic precipitator, one side of the condensation sleeve is connected to the normal temperature water inlet pipe, and the condensation casing is another
  • the water temperature, flower plate and atomization pipe of the water storage tank are provided with electric heating control devices.
  • a PLC automatic adjustment device is arranged on the condensation sleeve.
  • the flower board, the main inlet pipe, the branch pipe and the Lafar pipe are all made of 316L stainless steel.
  • the plate type atomizer is bolted to the horizontal flange reserved in the upper part of the inlet flue through the flange;
  • the atomizing head is 12-26, and the diameter is 30mm.
  • the specific operation process is as follows: The high temperature water in the water storage tank controlled by the electric heater enters the atomization system through the pump and the flow meter, and atomizes the high temperature water into a 10 ⁇ 20 ⁇ single dispersion liquid in the plate type atomizer.
  • Drop particles to increase the saturation of the flue gas to super-saturation (saturation SR>1.3); the atomization droplet temperature is controlled to 80-90 °C, and the desulfurization flue gas produces a temperature difference of 30 40 °C, making the surface of the bead
  • the surface condensation film occurs; after the atomized droplets are accelerated by the tail Rafael diffusion tube, the high-speed cross-flow is mixed into the coal-fired flue gas to cause collision, coagulation and adsorption between the droplets and the microbeads and the microbeads, in the supersaturated state.
  • the surface micro-protrusion is a nucleus, which rapidly forms a bead-like condensation.
  • the droplet penetrates into the micro-concave surface of the micro-bead or passes through the pores of the micro-bead shell to enter the inside of the micro-bead, which promotes the reduction of the specific resistance of the microbead by 1 ⁇ 2, fog.
  • the residence time of the droplets in the flue gas is controlled at 300ms ⁇ ls,
  • the flue gas enters the electrostatic precipitator, and the discharge electrode of the electrostatic precipitator ionizes the gas in the vicinity thereof to generate charged ions and electrons, and collides with the beads with the condensation film on the surface to charge it, and adheres under the action of the electrostatic field.
  • On the anode plate it is rinsed by the anode rinse water to the bottom ash hopper to achieve thorough cleaning and clean smoke is discharged into the atmosphere.
  • the invention provides a surface coagulation device for efficiently removing coal-fired fly ash microbeads, adopting a specific high-temperature droplet generation method, and precisely controlling the coagulation speed of the atomized particles and the residence time of the droplets, and inducing the microbeads Nuclear condensation occurs on the surface, in the surface micro-protrusions and on the inner surface of the micro-beads, and the surface resistance of the micro-beads is reduced.
  • the coal-fired fly ash microbeads can be efficiently removed. Achieving "near zero emissions" of coal-fired soot particles in thermal power plants has broad market application prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process system for coagulation of coal-fired fly ash microbeads
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an atomization system
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a plate-type atomizer AA
  • Fig. 4 is a plate-type atomizer BB Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the condensation sleeve.
  • 1 is a flow meter
  • 2 is an ultrasonic driving power supply
  • 3 is a power supply display
  • 4 is a heat tracing pipe
  • 5 For flower plate type atomizer
  • 6 for condensing sleeve
  • 7 for electric precipitator
  • 8 for high voltage power supply
  • 9 for ash hopper
  • 10 for normal temperature water inlet pipe
  • 11 for heat exchange water heating pipe
  • 12 for electric heating storage
  • 14 is the ultrasonic power regulator
  • 15 is the flower plate type atomizer shell
  • 16 is the water pump
  • 17 is the outer heating jacket of the water storage tank
  • 18 is the water tank heating controller
  • 19 is the ultrasonic energy transducing
  • 20 is the outer insulation sleeve of the atomizer
  • 21 is the inlet of the atomization head
  • 22 is the total inlet pipe
  • 23 is the inlet pipe
  • 24 is the Rafael outlet pipe
  • 25 is the flower plate flange
  • 26 is
  • the atomization system of the present invention is composed of an electric heating water storage tank 12, a water pump 16, a flow meter 1, an ultrasonic driving power source 2, a power source display 3, a heat tracing pipe 4, and a flower plate type atomizer 5;
  • the plate type atomizer 5 is composed of an atomizer casing 15, an ultrasonic power conditioner 14, an atomizer external heat insulating cover 20, an atomizing head 27, an atomizing head water inlet 21, a total inlet pipe 22, a water inlet pipe 23, and a pulling
  • the Farr outlet tube 24, the flower plate flange 25, and the flower plate 28 are formed;
  • the flower plate type atomizer 5 is horizontally placed, and the circumferential direction is bolted to the flue flange 26 of the inlet flue 13 through the flower plate flange 25;
  • the circumferential array of the atomizing head 27 is welded to the flower plate 28; the water flows into the condensed water sleeve 30 through the normal temperature water inlet pipe 10, exchanges
  • the system is atomized; the ultrasonic power regulator 14 adjusts the parameters of the ultrasonic driving power source 2 and the power source display 3, and controls the amount of atomization.
  • the atomizing head water inlet 21 enters the ultrasonic transducer 19, and after being atomized by the high-frequency vibration in the atomizing head 27, monodisperse droplets having a diameter of 10-20 ⁇ m are generated; and the outer insulating sleeve 20 of the atomizer controls the mist.
  • the temperature of the liquid is controlled to control the temperature of the atomized droplets; the atomized droplets are accelerated by the Rafael outlet tube 24 at the end of the atomizing head and then enter the mouth flue 13; by adjusting the condensing sleeve 6 and the outer insulating sleeve of the atomizer 20
  • the temperature of the condensing sleeve is controlled to cause a small temperature drop (1 ⁇ 5 °C) of the flue gas.
  • the high adsorption property of the bead surface is used to adsorb the water vapor in the flue gas on the outer surface of the microbead or through the microbead shell.
  • the microbeads are reduced by 1 ⁇ 2 quantity products; the microbeads carried by the coal-fired flue gas pass through the inlet flue 13 and the Raphael outlet tube 24, and the cross-flow high-speed atomized droplets are fully carried in the inlet flue.
  • the high voltage power supply 8 supplies a high voltage to the discharge electrode of the electrostatic precipitator 7, causing the discharge electrode to ionize the surrounding gas, generating negative ions and electrons, electrons Collision with the modified microbeads, under the action of the electric field force, the electrostatic adsorption process is completed, and the cleaned flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere; the water film cleaning system of the electrostatic precipitator 7 flushes the particulate matter into the ash bucket 9, and then discharges Ash pool.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜工艺与装置，该装置由花板型雾化器、流量计、超声波驱动电源、自动温控器、伴热管道、冷凝套管、电加热储水箱、水泵、电除尘器构成，本发明利用超声波将高温水雾化为10～20μm单分散液滴颗粒物，提升烟气的饱和度至超饱和状态，饱和度SR>1.3，雾化液滴温度控制为80～90℃；控制冷凝套管内液体的温度，使烟气发生降温1～5℃，利用微珠表面高吸附性能，烟气中的水蒸气被吸附在微珠外表面，以微珠物表面微凸起为核，快速形成"珠"状凝结，使微珠比电阻下降1～2个数量级；雾化液滴在烟气中的停留时间控制在300ms～1s，然后被静电除尘器高效捕集。

Description

一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜工艺与装置 一、 技术领域
本发明属于大气污染物治理领域，特别是涉及一种用于燃煤飞灰玻璃微珠细 颗粒物高效脱除的表面凝膜工艺及装置。
二、 背景技术
目前国内热电厂大多采用燃煤机组，由于国家对大气污染物治理要求越来越 严， 燃煤机组在保证煤机发电成本低、 热效率高的前提下， 促进燃煤各项排放指 标逐步向燃机靠拢成为环保治理发展的趋势。然而， 要达到燃煤机组超净排放指 标的要求， 其主要的难点之一在于对烟尘中细颗粒物排放控制。 目前燃煤电站静 电除尘器（ESP)出口，排出的细颗粒物粒径在 0.1~3μιη之间，其中粒径小于 2.5μιη 的玻璃微珠类微细颗粒占逃逸颗粒总数的 90%以上， 其原因归结于锅炉炉型、 燃 烧方式、炉温以及煤的化学组成等因素，就燃煤锅炉电除尘器后排出的漂珠而言， 其质量浓度介于 3~20mg/m3， 成份以 Si02和 A1203为主， 具有颗粒细小、 表面光滑 疏水、 电绝缘强度高、 阻燃、 耐温隔热等特点， 但因其比电阻高 （100~120°C， 比电阻值为 5x lOu~1012Q m)， 荷电性能差， 常规电除尘技术对其脱除效率非常 有限。 换言之， 对于采用磨细煤粉和低氮燃烧方式的燃煤锅炉， 仅因微珠自身的 贡献， 采用传统的除尘技术手段实现燃煤烟尘 <4.5mg/m3排放目标的可能性极 小。 因此， 燃煤电站飞灰微珠的深度排放控制是实现燃煤机组达到燃机烟尘排放 标准的关键。
相关研究表明： 将燃煤微珠表面金属化或化学镀膜后， 可将燃煤飞灰微珠用 于航空、航天、建筑材料、车辆、兵器等领域， 表面改性后的微珠且具有密度小、 导电性能良好等优点。 更进一步， 在冷凝条件下一些超疏水材料表面（如聚二甲 基硅氧垸 （PDMS)、 硅片、 玻璃等）， 冷凝液滴渗入表面的均匀性差异均会直接 对疏水特性改变的程度和均匀性产生影响， 从此意义上分析， 对于荷电能力较差 导致脱除效率低的微珠而言， 若采用合适的表面凝膜工艺， 其比电阻数值势必呈 现数量积的下降， 在静电场存在的条件下有利于被荷电和捕集， 而这将对燃煤烟 尘实现超净排放具有重大的意义。
三、 发明内容 本发明以燃煤烟尘微珠的物化特性为基础， 对于燃煤飞灰粒径 <1μιη微珠， 其存在于燃煤烟气中的颗粒形态近于球形， 具有粒径小、 中空薄壁结构， 呈现的 比表面积较大 （>105cm2/g)， 具有高吸附性、 高粘附性以及高表面能等特点。 本 发明针对上述微珠的主要物化特性，提出了一种用于燃煤飞灰高效脱除的微珠表 面凝膜工艺，并设计与之相应的凝膜装置。本发明采用特定的高温液滴发生方法， 通过控制雾化颗粒凝结速度与液滴停留时间， 诱导微珠外表面、表面微凸起内以 及微珠内表面发生核凝结， 实现微珠比电阻的降低， 然后被静电除尘器高效捕集 本发明是通过如下方式实现：
1、 一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜工艺， 其特征在于该工艺：
( 1 )利用超声波将高温水雾化为 10~20μιη单分散液滴颗粒物， 提升烟气的 饱和度至超饱和状态饱和度， 饱和度 SR>1.3 ;
(2) 液滴控制为 80 90 °C， 与脱硫烟气产生 30 40 °C的温差；
(3 )雾化液滴经雾化头尾部拉法尔扩散管加速后， 高速错流混入燃煤烟气， 使液滴与微珠以及微珠间的碰撞、 凝聚、 吸附， 微珠物长大；
(4)在超饱和状态下， 控制烟气管道外冷凝套管内液体的温度（20°C )， 使 烟气降温 1~5°C， 利用微珠表面高吸附性能， 烟气中的水蒸气被吸附在微珠外表 面， 以微珠物表面微凸起为核， 快速形成 "珠"状凝结， 使微珠比电阻下降 1~2 个数量积；
( 5 )雾化液滴进入电除尘器前， 在烟气中的停留时间控制在 300ms~ls， 然 后随烟气进入静电除尘器
一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜装置，由花板型雾化器、流量计、 超声波驱动电源、 自动温控器、 伴热管道、 冷凝套管、 电加热储水箱、 水泵、 静 电除尘器构成。 其特征在于： 花板型雾化器由伴热花板、 换能器、 雾化头、 拉法 尔管、 主进水管、 进水支管等组成， 在花板周向阵列焊接 12~36个 Φ30的雾化 头， 花板中心焊有主进水管， 周向焊有进水支管， 进水支管与雾化头连接， 雾化 头内设有超声波换能器， 雾化头尾部为拉法尔管。在花板型雾化器与电除尘器之 间烟道上设有冷凝套管， 冷凝套管的一侧连接常温水入口管道， 冷凝套管的另一 侧设有热水出口管道， 与电加热储水箱连接。储水箱水温、 花板及雾化管道均设 有电加热控制装置。 冷凝套管上设有 PLC 自动调节装置。 花板、 主进水管、 支 管、 拉法尔管均采用 316L不锈钢制作， 花板型雾化器通过法兰与进口烟道上部 预留的水平方向法兰采用螺栓固定连接； 花板周向焊接的雾化头为 12-26个， 直 径为 30mm
具体实现操作过程为： 由电加热器控温的储水箱内的高温水， 经泵和流量计 进入雾化系统，在花板型雾化器内将高温水雾化为 10~20μιη单分散液滴颗粒物， 提升烟气的饱和度至超饱和状态 （饱和度 SR>1.3 ) ; 雾化液滴温度控制为 80-90 °C , 与脱硫烟气产生 30 40 °C的温差， 使得微珠表面发生表面凝膜； 雾化 液滴经尾部拉法尔扩散管加速后， 高速错流混入燃煤烟气， 使液滴与微珠以及微 珠间的碰撞、凝聚、吸附，在超饱和状态下，控制冷凝套管内液体的温度（20°C )， 使烟气降温 1~5°C， 利用微珠表面高吸附性能， 烟气中的水蒸气被吸附在微珠外 表面， 以微珠物表面微凸起为核， 快速形成珠"状凝结， 液滴渗入微珠表面微凹 体或经过微珠薄壳的气孔进入微珠内部，促进微珠比电阻下降 1~2个数量积，雾 化液滴在烟气中的停留时间控制在 300ms~ls， 然后随烟气进入静电除尘器， 电 除尘器的放电极将其附近气体电离， 产生带电荷的离子和电子， 碰撞表面带有凝 膜的微珠使之荷电， 并在静电场作用下附着在阳极板上， 被阳极冲洗水冲洗至底 部灰斗， 实现彻底清灰， 清洁烟气排入大气。
本发明提出的一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜装置，采用特定的 高温液滴发生方法， 通过精密控制雾化颗粒凝结速度与液滴停留时间， 诱导微珠 外表面、 表面微凸起内以及微珠内表面发生核凝结， 实现微珠表面电阻的降低， 结合电除尘器的高效捕集与有效清灰， 可高效脱除燃煤飞灰微珠。实现火电厂燃 煤烟尘颗粒物"近零排放"， 具有广阔的市场应用前景。
四、 附图说明
图 1为一种燃煤飞灰微珠表面凝膜工艺系统示意图，图 2为雾化系统示意图， 图 3为花板型雾化器 A-A剖面结构示意图， 图 4为花板型雾化器 B-B剖面结构 示意图， 图 5为冷凝套管的结构示意图。
图中 1为流量计、 2为超声波驱动电源、 3为电源显示器、 4为伴热管道、 5 为花板型雾化器、 6为冷凝套、 7为电除尘器、 8为高压电源、 9为灰斗、 10为 常温水入口管道、 11为换热水伴热管道、 12为电加热储水箱、 13为入口烟道； 14为超声波功率调节器、 15为花板型雾化器外壳、 16为水泵、 17为储水箱外部 加热套、 18为储水箱加热控制器； 19为超声波换能器、 20为雾化器外部保温套、 21 为雾化头进水口、 22为总进水管； 23 为进水支管、 24为拉法尔出口管、 25 为花板法兰、 26为烟道法兰、 27为雾化头， 28为花板、 29为冷凝水套筒， 30 为换热水出口管道。
五、 具体实施方式
下面结合图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4和图 5给出本发明的一个最佳具体实施方 式。
如附图所示， 本发明的雾化系统由电加热储水箱 12、 水泵 16、 流量计 1、 超声波驱动电源 2、 电源显示器 3、 伴热管道 4、 花板型雾化器 5组成； 花板型 雾化器 5由雾化器外壳 15、 超声波功率调节器 14、 雾化器外部保温套 20、 雾化 头 27、 雾化头进水口 21、 总进水管 22、 进水支管 23、 拉法尔出口管 24、 花板 法兰 25、 花板 28组成； 花板型雾化器 5水平放置， 周向通过花板法兰 25与入 口烟道 13的烟道法兰 26采用螺栓连接； 雾化头 27周向阵列焊接在花板 28上； 水经由常温水入口管道 10流入冷凝水套筒 30、 与烟气换热后经换热水出口管道 29流出， 烟温降低 1~5 °C， 水升温 5~10°C ; 升温后的水通过换热水伴热管道 11 高位自流至电加热储水箱 12， 经储水箱加热控制器 18加热， 储水箱外部加热套 17控制水箱内的温度； 加热后的高温水经由水泵 16、 流量计 1、 伴热管道 4送 入雾化系统雾化； 超声波功率调节器 14调整超声波驱动电源 2和电源显示器 3 的参数， 控制雾化量， 高温水经流量伴热管道 4进入总进水管 22后， 分配到各 进水支管 23， 经雾化头进水口 21进入超声波换能器 19， 在雾化头 27内经高频 振动雾化后， 产生直径为 10~20μιη的单分散液滴颗粒物； 由雾化器外部保温套 20 来控制雾化液体的温度， 从而控制雾化液滴的温度； 雾化液滴经雾化头尾部 拉法尔出口管 24加速后进入口烟道 13 ; 通过调整冷凝套 6和雾化器外部保温套 20 的温度， 控制冷凝套管温度使烟气发生小幅温降 （1~5 °C )， 利用微珠表面高 吸附性能，烟气中的水蒸气被吸附在微珠外表面或经过微珠薄壳的气孔进入微珠 内部， 促进微珠比电阻下降 1~2 个数量积； 燃煤烟气携带的微珠通过入口烟道 13与拉法尔出口管 24流出的错流高速雾化液滴在入口烟道内进行充分碰撞、 团 聚与吸附， 微珠团聚凝结， 随烟气进入电除尘器 7; 由高压电源 8为电除尘器 7 的放电极提供高电压， 促使放电极将周围气体电离， 产生负离子和电子， 电子与 改性后的微珠碰撞，在电场力的作用下，完成静电吸附过程，清洁烟气排入大气； 电除尘器 7的水膜清灰系统将颗粒物冲洗至灰斗 9中， 再排入灰渣池。

Claims

权利 要求 书
1. 一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜工艺， 其特征在于该工艺：
( 1 )利用超声波将高温水雾化为 10~20μιη单分散液滴颗粒物， 提升烟气的 饱和度至超饱和状态饱和度；
(2) 液滴控制为 80 90 °C， 与脱硫烟气产生 30 40 °C的温差；
(3 )雾化液滴经雾化头尾部拉法尔扩散管加速后， 高速错流混入燃煤烟气， 使液滴与微珠以及微珠间的碰撞、 凝聚、 吸附， 微珠物长大；
(4)在超饱和状态下， 控制烟气管道外冷凝套管内液体的温度（20°C )， 使 烟气降温 1~5°C， 利用微珠表面高吸附性能， 烟气中的水蒸气被吸附在微珠外表 面， 以微珠物表面微凸起为核， 快速形成 "珠"状凝结， 使微珠比电阻下降 1~2 个数量积；
( 5 )雾化液滴进入电除尘器前， 在烟气中的停留时间控制在 300ms~ls， 然 后随烟气进入静电除尘器。
2. 一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜装置， 由花板型雾化器、 流 量计、 超声波驱动电源、 自动温控器、 伴热管道、 冷凝套管、 电加热储水箱、 水 泵、静电除尘器构成， 其特征在于： 花板型雾化器由伴热花板、换能器、雾化头、 拉法尔管、 主进水管、 进水支管等组成， 在花板周向阵列焊接 12~36个 Φ 30的 雾化头， 花板中心焊有主进水管， 周向焊有进水支管， 进水支管与雾化头连接， 雾化头内设有超声波换能器， 雾化头尾部为拉法尔管。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜装置， 其特征在于： 在花板型雾化器与电除尘器之间烟道上设有冷凝套管， 冷凝套管的 一侧连接常温水入口管道， 冷凝套管的另一侧设有热水出口管道， 与电加热储水 箱连接。
4.根据权利要求 2所述的一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜装置， 其特征在于： 储水箱水温、 花板及雾化管道均设有电加热控制装置。
5.根据权利要求 2所述的一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜装置， 其特征在于： 冷凝套管上设有 PLC自动调节装置。
6.根据权利要求 2所述的一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜装置， 其特征在于： 花板、 主进水管、 支管、 拉法尔管均采用 316L不锈钢制作， 花板 型雾化器通过法兰与进口烟道上部预留的水平方向法兰采用螺栓固定连接。
7.根据权利要求 2所述的一种用于燃煤飞灰微珠高效脱除的表面凝膜装置， 其特征在于： 花板周向焊接的雾化头为 12-26个， 直径为 30mm。
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