WO2015197878A1 - Vertical axis wind turbine - Google Patents

Vertical axis wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015197878A1
WO2015197878A1 PCT/ES2014/070517 ES2014070517W WO2015197878A1 WO 2015197878 A1 WO2015197878 A1 WO 2015197878A1 ES 2014070517 W ES2014070517 W ES 2014070517W WO 2015197878 A1 WO2015197878 A1 WO 2015197878A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide
wind turbine
vertical
central mast
vertical central
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2014/070517
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sergio ALBARRAN CASTRO
Marina Cecilia MILITIELLO
Original Assignee
Renewable Innovative Sustainable Power, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renewable Innovative Sustainable Power, S.L. filed Critical Renewable Innovative Sustainable Power, S.L.
Priority to PCT/ES2014/070517 priority Critical patent/WO2015197878A1/en
Publication of WO2015197878A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015197878A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F03D3/068—Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine, of the so-called H-design type, which comprises a series of vertical blades that are arranged around a vertical central mast, which supports the blades and is mounted with free rotation ability in a fixed structure.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a wind turbine of the type indicated, provided with a control mechanism that allows the wind turbine to start, as well as to optimize the operation of the wind turbine and control its rotation speed.
  • the blades are constituted by two aerodynamic profiles in a tapered way. This form allows the profile to be self-supporting, that is, it supports wind loads and centrifugal loads, while transmitting it to the axis of rotation that supports the profiles.
  • type H designs have been introduced, in which the blades are placed in an upright position and supported through a horizontal structure that is responsible for supporting the loads and transmitting them to the vertical axis.
  • the present invention aims at a wind turbine of the initially exposed type, provided with a control mechanism that acts on the blades of the wind turbine, changing its angle of incidence in order to improve the aerodynamic performance of the profile.
  • This mechanism allows the blades of the wind turbine to be oriented when not rotated to make starting possible, to improve the performance of the system at low rotation speeds and, finally, it can worsen the performance at high rotation speeds to produce the aerodynamic braking of the same.
  • the wind turbine of the invention comprises a series of blades that are supported by a vertical central mast that is mounted on the fixed structure of the wind turbine, with free rotation power.
  • the wind turbine is provided with a control mechanism that is composed of a guide that is mounted on the fixed structure of the wind turbine and defines a closed path that surrounds the vertical central mast thereof.
  • This guide has means for its orientation and means to regulate its position with respect to the vertical central mast.
  • Each of the wind turbine blades is related to the vertical mast through a vertical axis joint.
  • Each blade is also related to the guide mentioned above through one or several bars of fixed length, which is articulated by one end to the corresponding blade, along an axis of rotation also vertical, while the opposite end is finished off in a pivot or roller that is housed in the guide, with the ability to move on it.
  • the guide defines a closed contour that surrounds the central mast.
  • This guide can be of circular contour or of non-circular contour and by means of regulating its position it can move in the windward or leeward direction, occupying an eccentric position, thus constituting a cam on which the pivot or roller of the arm will move which relates each blade to the guide, forcing the blades to rotate around the vertical axis that relates each blade to the central mast.
  • orientation means that the guide is oriented according to the direction of the wind acting on the wind turbine.
  • the position of the guide is controlled with respect to the central mast and with it its eccentricity with respect to said mast, which, during the rotation of the wind turbine, will cause the orientation of the blades to achieve in each case the effects above
  • the guide orientation means comprise a drive motor with which, through a set of gears, a support that surrounds the vertical central mast and carries the guide is related.
  • the means to regulate the position of the guide with respect to the vertical mast consist of a linear actuator that relates the pipe to the carrier support of said guide.
  • This support can be constituted by two superimposed plates, a lower one that is related to one of the gears of the orientation means, and a superior one that is carrier of the guide and linearly movable on the lower plate, with which it is related by linear actuator.
  • FIG. 1 a perspective of the wind turbine of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 a perspective, on a larger scale, of the control mechanism that relates one of the blades with the vertical central mast of the wind turbine.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective of the guide that becomes part of the wind turbine control mechanism.
  • Figure 4 is a side elevation of the guide of Figure 3.
  • Figure 1 shows in perspective a wind turbine of type H, comprising two vertical blades (1) that are supported by a vertical central mast (2), which is mounted on a fixed structure (3), with respect to which said mast can rotate freely.
  • the wind turbine of the invention includes a control mechanism (4) which, as best seen in Figure 2, is composed of a guide (5) that is mounted on the fixed structure (3) of the wind turbine and defines a closed path that surrounds the vertical central mast (1).
  • the guide (5) is circular in shape and ribbed.
  • the guide (5) is mounted on a support (6) that has orientation means and means to regulate its position with respect to the vertical central mast (1).
  • the support (6) on which the guide (5) is mounted is composed of an upper plate (7) and a lower plate (8).
  • the lower plate (8) is mounted in solidarity on a gear (9) that meshes with the gear (10) integral with a drive motor (1 1), the whole assembly being mounted on a base (12) supported by the fixed structure (3) of the wind turbine.
  • each of the blades (1) of the wind turbine is related to the vertical central mast (1) through two rods (14) that are fixed at one end to the vertical central mast (2), while on the opposite they are articulated to the blade (1) at points (15) that define a vertical axis of articulation of the blade (1) with respect to the vertical central mast (2).
  • the blades (1) are also related to the guide (5) through a bar (16) of fixed length, which is articulated by one end to the blade (1) along a rotation axis (17) also vertical, while at the opposite end this bar (16) is finished off in a pivot or roller (18) that is housed in the guide (5), with the power to move thereon.
  • the upper plate (7) is linearly movable with respect to the lower plate (8). This displacement is controlled through the means to regulate the position of the guide with respect to the mast, whose means consist of a linear actuator (19), constituted for example by a pneumatic cylinder.
  • the orientation of the support assembly (4) is achieved through the motor (1 1) and gears (9 and 10), so that the arrow (13) points in the direction from which the wind is coming.
  • the set formed by the blades (1) and central vertical mast (2) will rotate due to the effect of the wind, while the support (4) will remain fixed with the structure (3).
  • the distance between the articulation of the vertical axis (17) to the vertical central mast (2) will vary, depending on the eccentricity of the guide (5). This variation in distance will cause the blade (1) to rotate with respect to the vertical axis defined by the joints (15), thus achieving the desired orientation of the blades (1) to achieve the desired effect.
  • the described control mechanism will allow the blades (1) of the wind turbine to be oriented, when not rotating, to make the start possible, as well as to improve the performance of the system at low rotational speeds and, on the contrary, to worsen the performance at high speeds of rotation, to produce the aerodynamic braking of the wind turbine.
  • the guide (5) with a corrugated structure, is circular in shape, it could adopt a closed contour of a different path.
  • the wind turbine can be equipped with a mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic or wind-operated system (wind vane type) that guides the system in the correct direction indicated by arrow 13.
  • a mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic or wind-operated system (wind vane type) that guides the system in the correct direction indicated by arrow 13.
  • the wind turbine could be equipped with a mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic system, directly or indirectly driven by the rotation energy of the wind turbine, by means of which the eccentric movement of the cam is achieved. It can also include a regulation system that allows eccentric movement of the cam depending on the speed of rotation of the blades or depending on the wind speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine comprising a series of blades (1) supported by a vertical rotating central mast (2), the blades of which can be oriented on a vertical rotational shaft (15) by means of a control mechanism formed by an eccentric guide (5) with which the blade is associated by means of a bar (16), said bar being articulated to said blade on one end, along a vertical shaft (17), and leading into a pivot on the opposite end, which is coupled and movable on the guide (5).

Description

AEROGENERADOR DE EJE VERTICAL  AEROGENERATOR OF VERTICAL AXIS
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
La presente invención se refiere a un aerogenerador de eje vertical, del tipo denominados de diseño en H, que comprende una serie de palas verticales que van dispuestas alrededor de un mástil central vertical, que soporta a las palas y va montado con facultad de giro libre en una estructura fija. The present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine, of the so-called H-design type, which comprises a series of vertical blades that are arranged around a vertical central mast, which supports the blades and is mounted with free rotation ability in a fixed structure.
La invención tiene por objeto proporcionar un aerogenerador del tipo indicado, dotado de un mecanismo de control que permita el arranque del aerogenerador, así como optimizar el funcionamiento del mismo y controlar su velocidad de rotación. The object of the invention is to provide a wind turbine of the type indicated, provided with a control mechanism that allows the wind turbine to start, as well as to optimize the operation of the wind turbine and control its rotation speed.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
En los aerogeneradores de eje vertical más antiguos las palas están constituidas por dos perfiles aerodinámicos de forma ahusada. Esta forma permite que el perfil sea autoportante, es decir, soporte las cargas del viento y las cargas centrífugas, al mismo tiempo que la transmite al eje de rotación que soporta los perfiles. En versiones más modernas se han introducido los diseños tipo H, en los que las palas se ponen en posición vertical y se soportan a través de una estructura horizontal que es la encargada de soportar las cargas y transmitirlas al eje vertical. In the oldest vertical axis wind turbines the blades are constituted by two aerodynamic profiles in a tapered way. This form allows the profile to be self-supporting, that is, it supports wind loads and centrifugal loads, while transmitting it to the axis of rotation that supports the profiles. In more modern versions, type H designs have been introduced, in which the blades are placed in an upright position and supported through a horizontal structure that is responsible for supporting the loads and transmitting them to the vertical axis.
Las características más destacables de este tipo de generadores es que para vientos uniformes no pueden arrancar, ya que la fuerza de sustentación sobre los perfiles, cuando no poseen velocidad de rotación, es muy baja en cada perfil. Esto implicaría que hay que proveer al sistema de un motor de accionamiento inicial. Por otro lado, cuando el rotor gana en velocidad, si bien la fuerza de sustentación es máxima, apunta hacia el centro de giro del rotor, con lo cual no produce momento útil. Esta última condición se considera importante por que indicaría que el generador no podría ganar velocidad indefinidamente. En algunos casos se considera que esta propiedad permite evitar la instalación de un freno externo. The most outstanding characteristics of this type of generators is that for uniform winds they cannot start, since the lifting force on the profiles, when they do not have rotation speed, is very low in each profile. This would imply that the system must be provided with an initial drive motor. On the other hand, when the rotor gains in speed, although the lifting force is maximum, it points towards the center of rotation of the rotor, which does not produce a useful moment. This last condition is considered important because it would indicate that the generator could not gain speed indefinitely. In some cases this property is considered to prevent the installation of an external brake.
Para pequeños aerogeneradores un sistema de autoarranque resulta complejo. Por otro lado si bien el generador tiende a frenar al ganar velocidad el rotor, la velocidad de rotación a la que esto se produce puede superar en forma importante la velocidad de diseño, comprometiendo la integridad estructural. Descripción de la invención For small wind turbines an auto start system is complex. On the other hand, although the generator tends to stop when the rotor gains speed, the rotation speed at which this occurs can significantly exceed the speed of design, compromising structural integrity. Description of the invention
La presente invención tiene por objeto un aerogenerador del tipo inicialmente expuesto, dotado de un mecanismo de control que actúa sobre las palas del aerogenerador, cambiando su ángulo de incidencia de forma de mejorar el rendimiento aerodinámico del perfil. Este mecanismo permite orientar las palas del aerogenerador cuando no rota para hacer posible el arranque, mejorar el rendimiento del sistema a bajas velocidades de rotación y, finalmente, puede empeorar el rendimiento a altas velocidades de rotación para producir el frenado aerodinámico del mismo. The present invention aims at a wind turbine of the initially exposed type, provided with a control mechanism that acts on the blades of the wind turbine, changing its angle of incidence in order to improve the aerodynamic performance of the profile. This mechanism allows the blades of the wind turbine to be oriented when not rotated to make starting possible, to improve the performance of the system at low rotation speeds and, finally, it can worsen the performance at high rotation speeds to produce the aerodynamic braking of the same.
El aerogenerador de la invención comprende una serie de palas que están soportadas por un mástil central vertical que va montado en la estructura fija del aerogenerador, con facultad de giro libre. The wind turbine of the invention comprises a series of blades that are supported by a vertical central mast that is mounted on the fixed structure of the wind turbine, with free rotation power.
Partiendo de esta constitución general se dota al aerogenerador, de acuerdo con la invención, de un mecanismo de control que está compuesto por una guía que va montada sobre la estructura fija del aerogenerador y define una trayectoria cerrada que circunda el mástil central vertical del mismo. Esta guía dispone de medios para su orientación y de medios para regular su posición respecto del mástil central vertical. Cada una de las palas del aerogenerador va relacionada con el mástil vertical a través de una articulación de eje vertical. Cada pala va también relacionada con la guía antes comentada a través de una o varias barras de longitud fija, la cual va articulada por un extremo a la pala correspondiente, según un eje de giro también vertical, mientras que por el extremo opuesto queda rematada en un pivote o rodillo que va alojado en la guía, con facultad de desplazamiento sobre la misma. Starting from this general constitution, the wind turbine, according to the invention, is provided with a control mechanism that is composed of a guide that is mounted on the fixed structure of the wind turbine and defines a closed path that surrounds the vertical central mast thereof. This guide has means for its orientation and means to regulate its position with respect to the vertical central mast. Each of the wind turbine blades is related to the vertical mast through a vertical axis joint. Each blade is also related to the guide mentioned above through one or several bars of fixed length, which is articulated by one end to the corresponding blade, along an axis of rotation also vertical, while the opposite end is finished off in a pivot or roller that is housed in the guide, with the ability to move on it.
Como se ha indicado anteriormente, la guía define un contorno cerrado que circunda al mástil central. Esta guía puede ser de contorno circular o de contorno no circular y mediante los medios de regulación de su posición puede moverse en dirección de barlovento o sotavento, ocupando una posición excéntrica, constituyendo así una leva sobre la que se desplazará el pivote o rodillo del brazo que relaciona cada pala con la guía, obligando a que las palas giren alrededor del eje vertical que relaciona a cada pala con el mástil central. Con la constitución descrita, mediante los medios de orientación se consigue que la guía quede orientada según la dirección del viento que actúa sobre el aerogenerador. A través de los medios de regulación se controla la posición de la guía respecto del mástil central y con ello su excentricidad respecto de dicho mástil, lo cual, durante el giro del aerogenerador, provocará la orientación de las palas para lograr en cada caso los efectos anteriormente señalados. As indicated above, the guide defines a closed contour that surrounds the central mast. This guide can be of circular contour or of non-circular contour and by means of regulating its position it can move in the windward or leeward direction, occupying an eccentric position, thus constituting a cam on which the pivot or roller of the arm will move which relates each blade to the guide, forcing the blades to rotate around the vertical axis that relates each blade to the central mast. With the constitution described, by means of orientation means that the guide is oriented according to the direction of the wind acting on the wind turbine. Through the means of regulation the position of the guide is controlled with respect to the central mast and with it its eccentricity with respect to said mast, which, during the rotation of the wind turbine, will cause the orientation of the blades to achieve in each case the effects above
Los medios de orientación de la guía comprenden un motor de accionamiento con el que está relacionado, a través de un juego de engranajes, un soporte que circunda el mástil central vertical y es portador de la guía. The guide orientation means comprise a drive motor with which, through a set of gears, a support that surrounds the vertical central mast and carries the guide is related.
En cuanto a los medios para regular la posición de la guía respecto del mástil vertical consisten en un actuador lineal que relaciona la quía con el soporte portador de dicha guía. Este soporte puede estar constituido por dos placas superpuestas, una inferior que va relacionada con uno de los engranajes de los medios de orientación, y otra superior que es portadora de la guía y linealmente desplazable sobre la placa inferior, con la que está relacionada mediante el actuador lineal. As for the means to regulate the position of the guide with respect to the vertical mast, they consist of a linear actuator that relates the pipe to the carrier support of said guide. This support can be constituted by two superimposed plates, a lower one that is related to one of the gears of the orientation means, and a superior one that is carrier of the guide and linearly movable on the lower plate, with which it is related by linear actuator.
Breve descripción de los dibujos Brief description of the drawings
En los dibujos adjuntos se muestra, a título de ejemplo no limitativo, un aerogenerador de eje vertical, constituido de acuerdo con la invención, siendo: The attached drawings show, by way of non-limiting example, a vertical axis wind turbine, constituted according to the invention, being:
- La figura 1 una perspectiva del aerogenerador de la invención. - Figure 1 a perspective of the wind turbine of the invention.
- La figura 2 una perspectiva, a mayor escala, del mecanismo de control que relaciona una de las palas con el mástil central vertical del aerogenerador. - Figure 2 a perspective, on a larger scale, of the control mechanism that relates one of the blades with the vertical central mast of the wind turbine.
- La figura 3 es una perspectiva de la guía que entra a formar parte del mecanismo de control del aerogenerador. - Figure 3 is a perspective of the guide that becomes part of the wind turbine control mechanism.
La figura 4 es un alzado lateral de la guía de la figura 3.  Figure 4 is a side elevation of the guide of Figure 3.
Descripción detallada de un modo de realización Detailed description of one embodiment
En la figura 1 se muestra en perspectiva un aerogenerador de tipo H, que comprende dos palas verticales (1 ) que están soportadas por un mástil central vertical (2), el cual va montado en una estructura fija (3), respecto de la cual dicho mástil puede girar libremente. El aerogenerador de la invención incluye un mecanismo de control (4) que, como puede apreciarse mejor en la figura 2, está compuesto por una guía (5) que va montada sobre la estructura fija (3) del aerogenerador y define una trayectoria cerrada que circunda al mástil central vertical (1 ). En el ejemplo representado en el dibujo la guía (5) es de trazado circular y de configuración acanalada. Figure 1 shows in perspective a wind turbine of type H, comprising two vertical blades (1) that are supported by a vertical central mast (2), which is mounted on a fixed structure (3), with respect to which said mast can rotate freely. The wind turbine of the invention includes a control mechanism (4) which, as best seen in Figure 2, is composed of a guide (5) that is mounted on the fixed structure (3) of the wind turbine and defines a closed path that surrounds the vertical central mast (1). In the example shown in the drawing, the guide (5) is circular in shape and ribbed.
La guía (5) va montada en un soporte (6) que dispone de medios de orientación y de medios para regular su posición respecto del mástil central vertical (1 ). The guide (5) is mounted on a support (6) that has orientation means and means to regulate its position with respect to the vertical central mast (1).
Como mejor puede apreciarse en las figuras 3 y 4, el soporte (6) sobre el que va montada la guía (5) está compuesta por una placa superior (7) y una placa inferior (8). As best seen in Figures 3 and 4, the support (6) on which the guide (5) is mounted is composed of an upper plate (7) and a lower plate (8).
La placa inferior (8) está montada de forma solidaria sobre un engranaje (9) que engrana con el engranaje (10) solidario de un motor de accionamiento (1 1 ), quedando todo el conjunto montado en una base (12) soportada por la estructura fija (3) del aerogenerador. The lower plate (8) is mounted in solidarity on a gear (9) that meshes with the gear (10) integral with a drive motor (1 1), the whole assembly being mounted on a base (12) supported by the fixed structure (3) of the wind turbine.
Mediante la activación del motor (1 1 ) se consigue a través de los engranajes (9 y 10), la orientación de las placas inferior (8) y superior (7), la segunda de las cuales dispondrá de una flecha (13) que deberá apuntar en la dirección de la que proviene el viento, constituyendo así los engranajes y motor comentado los medios de orientación de la guía (5). By activating the motor (1 1), the orientation of the lower (8) and upper plates (7) is achieved through gears (9 and 10), the second of which will have an arrow (13) that It must point in the direction from which the wind comes, thus constituting the gears and motor commented on the means of orientation of the guide (5).
Según puede apreciarse en la figura 2, cada una de las palas (1 ) del aerogenerador va relacionada con el mástil central vertical (1 ) a través de dos varillas (14) que van fijadas por un extremo al mástil central vertical (2), mientras que por el opuesto van articuladas a la pala (1 ) en puntos (15) que definen un eje vertical de articulación de la pala (1 ) respecto del mástil central vertical (2). As can be seen in Figure 2, each of the blades (1) of the wind turbine is related to the vertical central mast (1) through two rods (14) that are fixed at one end to the vertical central mast (2), while on the opposite they are articulated to the blade (1) at points (15) that define a vertical axis of articulation of the blade (1) with respect to the vertical central mast (2).
Las palas (1 ) van además relacionadas con la guía (5) a través de una barra (16) de longitud fija, la cual va articulada por un extremo a la pala (1 ) según un eje de giro (17) también vertical, mientras que por el extremo opuesto esta barra (16) queda rematada en un pivote o rodillo (18) que va alojado en la guía (5), con facultad de desplazamiento sobre la misma. The blades (1) are also related to the guide (5) through a bar (16) of fixed length, which is articulated by one end to the blade (1) along a rotation axis (17) also vertical, while at the opposite end this bar (16) is finished off in a pivot or roller (18) that is housed in the guide (5), with the power to move thereon.
La placa superior (7) es desplazable linealmente respecto de la placa inferior (8). Este desplazamiento se controla a través de los medios para regular la posición de la guía respecto del mástil, cuyos medios consisten en un actuador lineal (19), constituido por ejemplo por un cilindro neumático. A través del motor (1 1 ) y engranajes (9 y 10) se consigue la orientación del conjunto del soporte (4), de modo que la flecha (13) apunte en la dirección de la que proviene el viento. The upper plate (7) is linearly movable with respect to the lower plate (8). This displacement is controlled through the means to regulate the position of the guide with respect to the mast, whose means consist of a linear actuator (19), constituted for example by a pneumatic cylinder. The orientation of the support assembly (4) is achieved through the motor (1 1) and gears (9 and 10), so that the arrow (13) points in the direction from which the wind is coming.
A través del actuador (19) se consigue desplazar la placa superior (7) respecto de la placa inferior (8) y con ello la guía (5) respecto del mástil central vertical (2), para situarlo en una posición excéntrica respecto de dicho mástil. Through the actuator (19) it is possible to move the upper plate (7) with respect to the lower plate (8) and with it the guide (5) with respect to the vertical central mast (2), to place it in an eccentric position with respect to said mast.
El conjunto formado por las palas (1 ) y mástil vertical central (2) girará por el efecto del viento, mientras que el soporte (4) quedará fijo con la estructura (3). The set formed by the blades (1) and central vertical mast (2) will rotate due to the effect of the wind, while the support (4) will remain fixed with the structure (3).
Durante el giro de las palas (1 ) con el mástil central vertical (2), la distancia entre la articulación del eje vertical (17) al mástil central vertical (2) variará, en función de la excentricidad de la guía (5). Esta variación de distancia provocará el giro de la pala (1 ) respecto del eje vertical definido por las articulaciones (15), logrando así la orientación deseada de las palas (1 ) para conseguir el efecto deseado. During the rotation of the blades (1) with the vertical central mast (2), the distance between the articulation of the vertical axis (17) to the vertical central mast (2) will vary, depending on the eccentricity of the guide (5). This variation in distance will cause the blade (1) to rotate with respect to the vertical axis defined by the joints (15), thus achieving the desired orientation of the blades (1) to achieve the desired effect.
El mecanismo de control descrito permitirá orientar las palas (1 ) del aerogenerador, cuando no rota, para hacer posible el arranque, así como también mejorar el rendimiento del sistema a bajas velocidades de rotación y, por el contrario, empeorar el rendimiento a altas velocidades de rotación, para producir el frenado aerodinámico del aerogenerador. The described control mechanism will allow the blades (1) of the wind turbine to be oriented, when not rotating, to make the start possible, as well as to improve the performance of the system at low rotational speeds and, on the contrary, to worsen the performance at high speeds of rotation, to produce the aerodynamic braking of the wind turbine.
Aunque en el ejemplo descrito la guía (5), de estructura acanalada, es de contorno circular, podría adoptar un contorno cerrado de diferente trazado. Although in the example described the guide (5), with a corrugated structure, is circular in shape, it could adopt a closed contour of a different path.
El aerogenerador puede ir dotado de un sistema mecánico, eléctrico, neumático, hidráulico o accionado por efecto del viento (tipo veleta) que sirva para orientar el sistema en la dirección correcta indicada por la flecha 13. The wind turbine can be equipped with a mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic or wind-operated system (wind vane type) that guides the system in the correct direction indicated by arrow 13.
De igual forma el aerogenerador podría ir dotado de un sistema mecánico, eléctrico, neumático o hidráulico accionado directa o indirectamente por la energía de rotación del aerogenerador, mediante el que se logre el movimiento excéntrico de la leva. También puede incluir un sistema de regulación que permita el movimiento excéntrico de la leva en función de la velocidad de rotación de las aspas o en función de la velocidad del viento. In the same way, the wind turbine could be equipped with a mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic system, directly or indirectly driven by the rotation energy of the wind turbine, by means of which the eccentric movement of the cam is achieved. It can also include a regulation system that allows eccentric movement of the cam depending on the speed of rotation of the blades or depending on the wind speed.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . - Aerogenerador de eje vertical, que comprende una serie de palas (1 ) que están soportadas por un mástil central vertical (2), que está montado en la estructura fija (3) del aerogenerador, con facultad de giro libre, caracterizado por que comprende un mecanismo de control compuesto por una guía (5) que va montada sobre la estructura fija (3) del aerogenerador y define una trayectoria cerrada que circunda al mástil central vertical (2), cuya guía va montada en soporte (4) que dispone de medios para su orientación y de medios para regular su posición respecto del mástil central vertical; y por que cada una de las palas (1 ) está relacionada con el mástil central vertical (2) a través de una articulación (15) de eje vertical y con la guía (5) a través de una o varias barras (16) de longitud fija, que va articulada por un extremo a la pala según un eje de giro (17) también vertical, mientras que por el extremo opuesto queda rematada en un pivote o rodillo (18) que va alojado en la guía (5). one . - Vertical axis wind turbine, comprising a series of blades (1) that are supported by a vertical central mast (2), which is mounted on the fixed structure (3) of the wind turbine, with free rotation, characterized by comprising a control mechanism composed of a guide (5) that is mounted on the fixed structure (3) of the wind turbine and defines a closed path that surrounds the vertical central mast (2), whose guide is mounted on support (4) that has means for its orientation and means for regulating its position with respect to the vertical central mast; and because each of the blades (1) is related to the vertical central mast (2) through a vertical axis articulation (15) and with the guide (5) through one or several bars (16) of fixed length, which is articulated at one end to the blade along an axis of rotation (17) also vertical, while the opposite end is finished off by a pivot or roller (18) that is housed in the guide (5).
2. - Aerogenerador según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que la guía es de trazado circular. 2. - Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide is circular in shape.
3. - Aerogenerador según reivindicaciones 1 o 2, caracterizado por que la guía es de configuración acanalada. 3. - Wind turbine according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide has a ribbed configuration.
4. - Aerogenerador según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que los medios de orientación de la guía comprenden un motor de accionamiento (1 1 ), con el que está relacionada la guía a través de un juego de engranajes (9 y 10), y un soporte que circunda el mástil central vertical y es portador de dicha guía. 4. - Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide orientation means comprise a drive motor (1 1), with which the guide is related through a gear set (9 and 10), and a support that surrounds the vertical central mast and is a carrier of said guide.
5. - Aerogenerador según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que los medios para regular la posición de la guía (5) respecto del mástil central vertical (2) consisten en un actuador lineal (19) que relaciona la guía con el soporte (4) portador de dicha guía. 5. - Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for regulating the position of the guide (5) with respect to the vertical central mast (2) consist of a linear actuator (19) that relates the guide to the carrier support (4) of said guide.
6. - Aerogenerador según reivindicaciones 4 y 5, caracterizado por que el soporte (4) portador de la guía comprende dos placas superpuestas, una inferior (8), que va relacionada con uno de los engranajes, y otra superior (7) que es portadora de la guía (5) y linealmente desplazables sobre la placa inferior, con la que está relacionada mediante el actuador lineal (19). 6. - Wind turbine according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the support (4) bearing the guide comprises two superimposed plates, one lower (8), which is related to one of the gears, and another upper (7) which is carrier of the guide (5) and linearly movable on the lower plate, with which it is related by the linear actuator (19).
PCT/ES2014/070517 2014-06-25 2014-06-25 Vertical axis wind turbine WO2015197878A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5324164A (en) * 1991-06-13 1994-06-28 Doering John N Fluid active device
US5676524A (en) * 1995-03-08 1997-10-14 Lukas; Peter Vertical-axis wind turbine
US20120134829A1 (en) * 2010-11-28 2012-05-31 Robert Clifton Vance Fluid Turbine Featuring Dynamically Phase-Adjustable Cam
WO2014080030A1 (en) * 2012-11-26 2014-05-30 Supervawt Limited Vertical axis turbine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5324164A (en) * 1991-06-13 1994-06-28 Doering John N Fluid active device
US5676524A (en) * 1995-03-08 1997-10-14 Lukas; Peter Vertical-axis wind turbine
US20120134829A1 (en) * 2010-11-28 2012-05-31 Robert Clifton Vance Fluid Turbine Featuring Dynamically Phase-Adjustable Cam
WO2014080030A1 (en) * 2012-11-26 2014-05-30 Supervawt Limited Vertical axis turbine

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