WO2015197528A1 - Installation and method for fragmenting at least one tube, preferably a radiologically contaminated tube - Google Patents

Installation and method for fragmenting at least one tube, preferably a radiologically contaminated tube Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015197528A1
WO2015197528A1 PCT/EP2015/063935 EP2015063935W WO2015197528A1 WO 2015197528 A1 WO2015197528 A1 WO 2015197528A1 EP 2015063935 W EP2015063935 W EP 2015063935W WO 2015197528 A1 WO2015197528 A1 WO 2015197528A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
crushing
installation
movable member
crushed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/063935
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Fernand BENCHIKHOUNE
Manuel SABOS
André DEMARE
Original Assignee
Stmi Societe Des Techniques En Milieu Ionisant
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stmi Societe Des Techniques En Milieu Ionisant filed Critical Stmi Societe Des Techniques En Milieu Ionisant
Publication of WO2015197528A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015197528A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D21/00—Machines or devices for shearing or cutting tubes
    • B23D21/006—Machines or devices for shearing or cutting tubes and sealing, crushing or chamfering the tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G21C19/34—Apparatus or processes for dismantling nuclear fuel, e.g. before reprocessing ; Apparatus or processes for dismantling strings of spent fuel elements
    • G21C19/36—Mechanical means only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G21C19/34—Apparatus or processes for dismantling nuclear fuel, e.g. before reprocessing ; Apparatus or processes for dismantling strings of spent fuel elements
    • G21C19/36—Mechanical means only
    • G21C19/365—Removing cannings or casings from fuel
    • G21C19/37—Removing cannings or casings from fuel by separating into pieces both the canning or the casing and the fuel element, e.g. by cutting or shearing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G21C19/34—Apparatus or processes for dismantling nuclear fuel, e.g. before reprocessing ; Apparatus or processes for dismantling strings of spent fuel elements
    • G21C19/36—Mechanical means only
    • G21C19/375—Compacting devices, e.g. for fuel assemblies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of tube fragmentation, and in particular to the fragmentation of radiologically contaminated tubes, from installations classified in controlled area and constituting nuclear waste.
  • the tubes or pipes from the dismantling of facilities are deposited, cut into sections / fragments of appropriate length, and then put in packages. Due to the closed and circular profile of a tube, the density of material in the package is not very optimized. In fact, the internal cylindrical volume of the tube sections, as well as the interstitial spaces between the different sections, remain unoccupied.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to remedy at least partially the problems mentioned above, encountered in the solutions of the prior art.
  • the invention firstly relates to a crushing and cutting head for a fragmentation installation of at least one tube, preferably a radiologically contaminated tube, the head comprising a relatively sliding mobile member.
  • a movable member support, in a first direction, the movable member being equipped with the following elements, which succeed in a second direction distinct from the first:
  • the subject of the invention is also a fragmentation installation of at least one tube, comprising:
  • a crushing and cutting head as described above, arranged facing the frame;
  • the invention also relates to a method of fragmenting at least one tube using an installation as described above, comprising a step of actuating the movable member against a section of the tube located in view of the movable member and resting on the frame, this actuating step to move the movable member from its retracted position to its working position and generating all of the following operations:
  • the invention is remarkable in that it makes it possible to obtain crushed tube fragments, which lead to a material density greatly increased in the package in which these fragments are stored, preferably in bulk.
  • the number of parcels required and the transport are reduced compared to the solutions proposed in the prior art, which helps to limit costs.
  • These costs are also optimized by the implementation of an installation and a method specific to the invention, allowing in particular to perform several operations during the same and single movement of the movable member, as has been done. mentioned above.
  • the invention also comprises at least one of the following optional technical features, taken separately or in combination.
  • the crushing and cutting head comprises, placed between the second crush platen and the cutting blade, means for holding a crushed tube portion.
  • the holding means of the crushed tube portion are mounted on at least one passive cylinder, the cylinder of said at least one cylinder being integral with the movable member.
  • the first crush platen, the second crush platen and the crimped tube section holding means each extend over a substantially identical length, in the second direction.
  • Said first and second directions are substantially orthogonal to each other.
  • Said means for scrolling the tube to be fragmented are a push system actuated by a motorized worm, even if other conventional techniques could be used, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the installation comprises a conveyor, for example a roller conveyor, on which is intended to be placed the tube to be fragmented, the conveyor being arranged upstream of the crushing head and cutting, in a direction of travel of the tube. fragment within the facility.
  • a conveyor for example a roller conveyor, on which is intended to be placed the tube to be fragmented, the conveyor being arranged upstream of the crushing head and cutting, in a direction of travel of the tube. fragment within the facility.
  • this conveyor may also consist of a "V” -shaped chute which is very slightly inclined downwards towards the crushing and cutting head, the "V" shape ensuring the correct centering of the tube. fragment.
  • the installation also comprises means for clamping the tube to be fragmented, placed upstream and close to the crushing and cutting head, in a direction of travel of the tube to be fragmented, and intended to hold the tube during the operation. cutting.
  • clamping means consist for example of clamping jaws of the tube, controlled by dedicated means, for example one or more hydraulic cylinders.
  • the installation is configured for the simultaneous fragmentation of several tubes arranged parallel to each other, and it comprises a guide comb of said tubes.
  • said comb is located above the conveyor.
  • the fragmentation method preferably comprises the repetition of the following group of successive steps:
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a fragmentation plant of a tube, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged side view of a portion of the installation shown in the previous figure
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic top view of a portion of the installation shown in Figure 1;
  • FIGS. 4a to 4c show different successive stages of a method of fragmentation of a tube, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, implemented using the installation shown in FIGS. 1 to 3; ;
  • FIGS. 5a to 5e represent different successive steps allowing the start of the fragmentation process shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4a to 4c;
  • FIG. 6 represents a view similar to that of FIG. 3, with the installation according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view of the guide comb implemented on the installation shown in the previous figure.
  • FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the comb shown in the previous figure.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 there is shown an installation 1 for the fragmentation of a contaminated tube 2, resulting from a dismantling of a nuclear installation.
  • the installation 1 is in the form of a preferred embodiment of the invention, suitable for use in the fragmentation of contaminated tubes of different diameters, for example for diameters between 15 and 100 mm. Likewise, it can be used for a wide range of tube thicknesses, for example typically up to a thickness of 5 mm.
  • the installation comprises a frame 4 raised by feet 6 resting on the ground 8. This elevation of the frame 4 makes it possible to place next to it a waste package 10, in which the tube fragments can fall directly by gravity after they have been cut. as will be described below. It may be a transport package and / or storage and / or storage of waste.
  • the installation 1 comprises a crushing and cutting head 12, specific to the invention.
  • the head 12 comprises a movable member 14, said slider, slidably mounted in a movable member support 16, in a first direction D1 here corresponding to the vertical direction.
  • the movable member support 16 is fixed relative to the frame 4.
  • Means 20, of the linear jack type, allow the movable member 14 of the head 12 to move back and forth relative to the support fixed 16, according to the direction Dl.
  • the movable member 14 is capable of being moved between a retracted position or up position, and a working position or low position.
  • the mobile member 14 is thus provided for striking the tube to be fragmented, when the latter is arranged between the frame 4 and this member 14. It is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the rod of the jack 20, and equipped with several elements separate devices capable of carrying out, simultaneously, several operations on the tube 2.
  • the various elements mounted on the lower surface of the movable member 14 follow one another in a second direction D2, distinct from the first direction Dl.
  • This is preferably the horizontal direction, orthogonal to the direction Dl.
  • the direction D2 also corresponds to the direction of travel of the tube 2 within the installation 1.
  • this installation here comprises a roller conveyor 18 for supporting and allowing the displacement of the tube 2 in a direction scroll D2a, towards the head 12 of crushing and cutting.
  • the conveyor 18 is thus arranged upstream of the head 12 in the direction of travel D2a, and comprises rollers of parallel axes arranged in a plane orthogonal to the direction D1.
  • the installation 1 comprises appropriate means as shown schematically in Figure 3. It is for example a pusher 22 resting on the upstream end of the tube , and actuated by a motorized worm 24.
  • a first plate 26 for crushing the tube substantially flat and horizontal
  • each jack 29 in the form of flat and horizontal platinum being preferably mounted on at least one passive cylinder 29, oriented in the direction Dl and also referred to as a blank cylinder.
  • This jack 29 essentially allows to apply a holding pressure on the crushed tube portion, to facilitate cutting. Nevertheless, the means 30 and each jack 29 also make it possible, in certain cases, to apply a third level of crushing when the second plate 28 has not completely crushed the tube.
  • the passive nature of each cylinder 29 makes it possible to adapt to a wide range of tube thicknesses, for example up to 5 mm.
  • the cylinder 31 of each jack 29 is integral with the movable member 14, or even obtained by a bore directly formed in the movable member; and
  • a cutting blade 32 intended to cooperate with a counter blade 34 fixed to the frame 4.
  • the blade 32 has an angle of attack preferably between 0 and 20 °.
  • the four tooling elements 26, 28, 30, 32 are arranged directly adjacent in the direction D2. In other words, in this direction D2, there is no game between these different elements.
  • the first three tooling elements namely the first crush platen 26, the second platen crushing 28 and the holding means 30, each extend over a length substantially identical Ll, still in this direction D2.
  • This length L1 is for example of the order of a few centimeters, and corresponds to the desired length for the tube fragments intended to fall loose in the package 10.
  • the aforementioned three elements 26, 28, 30 also have a width that allows them to cover all the parts of the tube with which they are opposite, respectively. Also, this width of the tooling elements 26, 28, 30 is preferably greater than the outer half-perimeter of the tube to be fragmented.
  • the installation 1 also comprises jaws 40 for clamping the tube, controlled by dedicated means 42, for example one or more hydraulic cylinders.
  • the two jaws 40 are arranged diametrically opposite on either side of the tube 2, shown here according to a horizontal diameter.
  • the jaws 40 are placed close to the head 12, for example about twenty centimeters from the latter, at a downstream end of the conveyor 18.
  • the installation can also be equipped with a suction device (not shown) of the dust generated during the fragmentation.
  • This aspiration thus makes it possible to limit the dispersion of radioactive dusts in the environment of the installation.
  • a device (not shown) for measuring the tube radially can also be implemented. This measurement can be performed upstream of their fragmentation, for example at the level of the conveyor 18 upstream of the head 12, or at the level of the tube fragments obtained so as to sort them according to their level of contamination.
  • a cover (not shown) covering the tube running on the conveyor 18. In the closed position, this lid then participates in isolating the tube 2 of its environment, and thus to improve the accuracy of the instantaneous measurement of the dose rate.
  • the installation 1 comprises a central control unit 46 for controlling and synchronizing the movements of the jack active control 20 the movable member 14, the motorized auger 24 for scrolling the tube 2 on the conveyor 18, and cylinders 42 for controlling the jaws 40 for clamping the tube 2.
  • the synchronization of these movements is retained so as to implement a method of fragmentation of a tube specific to the invention, and a preferred embodiment will now be described with reference to Figures 4a to 4c.
  • a section SI of the tube is arranged facing the movable member 14 of the head 12, in the direction Dl.
  • This section SI has four adjacent parts, succeeding one another in the direction D2.
  • first part PI partially crushed in that its downstream end is already deformed.
  • its upstream part is not deformed and has an outside diameter corresponding to that of the upstream part of the tube 2.
  • the first part PI is located opposite the first crush plate 26, and has the same length L1 according to direction D2.
  • the second part P2 is located opposite the second crushing plate 28, and has the same length L1 in the direction D2.
  • the section SI of the tube 2 comprises a crushed part P3, in which there remain only two substantially flat and horizontal deformed portions, pressed against each other.
  • This third part overwritten P3 is located in the continuity downstream of the downstream end of the second part P2 of the section SI.
  • the third crushed portion P3 is opposite the holding means 30, and has the same length L1 in the direction D2.
  • the section SI of the tube 2 comprises another crushed portion P4, in which there are also only two deformed substantially flat and horizontal portions, pressed against each other.
  • the crushing level of this fourth part P4 of the section SI may be greater than that of the third part P3.
  • This crushed fourth portion P4 is located in the downstream continuity of the downstream end of the third portion P3 of the section SI.
  • the fourth crushed portion P4 has a downstream end which is opposite the cutting blade 32, and also has a length L1 in the direction D2.
  • the first plate 26 causes a pre-crushing of the first part PI of the tube, so that this part PI adopts, after the striking, a shape substantially identical to that of the second part P2 before striking, such as shown in Figure 4b.
  • the second plate 28 crushes the second part P2 of the tube, so that this part P2 adopts, after the striking, a shape substantially identical to that of the third part P3 before the striking, as shown on Figure 4b.
  • the means 30 come to maintain the third crushed part P3 against the frame 4, with a passive return of the rod of the jack 29 in its cylinder 31.
  • the extent of retraction of the cylinder rod therefore depends on the thickness of the third crushed part P3.
  • the means 30 can also provide additional crushing of the third portion P3 without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the blade 32 causes cutting of the crushed portion P4, in combination with the counterblade 34 secured to the frame 4.
  • the tube maintained in its part P3 against the frame, and sheared at the intersection between its parts P3 and P4, thus gives rise to a crushed fragment 2 ', corresponding to the part P4.
  • the fragment 2 'then falls directly by gravity into the package located below (not shown in Figure 4c).
  • step 4c which has just been described, there is defined a tube section S2, of identical shape to the aforementioned section S1, and which then undergoes each of the steps shown in these FIGS. 4a to 4c, in particular in order to generate a new tube fragment 2 .
  • the density of material is greatly increased in the package in which these fragments are stored in bulk.
  • the obtaining of these fragments is optimized, in particular by means of an installation 1 and a method making it possible to carry out several operations during the same and only displacement of the movable member.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5e show different stages of initiation of the fragmentation process which has just been described with reference to FIGS. 4a to 4c.
  • initiation here is meant all the steps that lead to obtaining the tube 2 in its configuration as shown in Figure 4a, that is to say with a downstream section provided with four successive portions P1-P4.
  • the tube 2 is struck several times by the movable member 14, this tube being displaced by the incrementation distance "di" between every keystroke.
  • the third strike shown in Figure 5e it is actually obtained the SI section with its four adjacent parts P1-P4.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown an installation 1 according to another embodiment configured to allow the simultaneous fragmentation of several tubes 2, arranged parallel to each other in the second direction D2.
  • This installation thus has many similarities with the previously described installation.
  • the elements bearing the same reference numerals correspond to identical or similar elements.
  • the installation 1 comprises a guide comb 50 for guiding the tubes 2 and maintain their spacing and their parallelism.
  • the comb 50 is preferably located above the conveyor 18, between the pusher 22 and the head 12.
  • the pusher 22 may be common for all the tubes 2, or each tube may be associated with a pusher dedicated to him.
  • the tubes 2 are for example four in number, arranged in the same plane parallel to that defined by the conveyor. Nevertheless, the number of tubes could be less than or greater than four.
  • the guide comb 50 is fixed, and integral with the frame 4. As is also visible in Figures 7 and 8, the comb 50 has teeth 52 and notches 54 arranged alternately, so that each tube 2 in motion can flow through one of the notches 54 under the action of the pusher 22.
  • the functional part of the comb 50 is extended by a fixing member 56 for mounting on the frame.
  • the head 12 is identical in design or similar to that described above. It has a width adapted to perform all of the operations described above, all tubes 2 simultaneously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a crushing and cutting head (12) for an installation (1) for fragmenting at least one tube (2), preferably a radiologically contaminated tube, the head comprising a member (14) mobile in sliding relative to a mobile member support (16) in a first direction (D1). The mobile member (14) is equipped with the following elements, which follow on from one another in a second direction (D2) distinct from the first: a first plate (26) for crushing the tube; a second crushing plate (28) separated from the first plate (26) in the first direction (D1), so as to allow a greater level of crushing; followed by a cutting blade (32).

Description

INSTALLATION ET PROCEDE DE FRAGMENTATION D'AU MOINS UN TUBE, DE PREFERENCE UN TUBE RADIOLOGIQUEMENT CONTAMINE  INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR FRAGMENTATION OF AT LEAST ONE TUBE, PREFERABLY A RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TUBE
DESCRIPTION DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION TECHNICAL FIELD
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de la fragmentation de tubes, et en particulier à la fragmentation de tubes radiologiquement contaminés, issus d'installations classées en zone contrôlée et constituant des déchets nucléaires. The present invention relates to the field of tube fragmentation, and in particular to the fragmentation of radiologically contaminated tubes, from installations classified in controlled area and constituting nuclear waste.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURE Dans le domaine du nucléaire, l'ensemble du matériel déposé et issu d'installations classées en zone contrôlée est catégorisé comme déchet nucléaire. Les coûts de reprise des déchets nucléaires représentent une part importante dans le budget de démantèlement d'une installation, et cette part du budget est en croissance permanente. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART In the nuclear field, all the material deposited and from installations classified in controlled area is categorized as nuclear waste. Nuclear waste recovery costs are an important part of a facility's decommissioning budget, and this portion of the budget is growing steadily.
Actuellement, les tubes ou tuyauteries issus du démantèlement d'installations sont déposés, découpés en tronçons/fragments de longueur appropriée, puis mis en colis. De par le profil fermé et circulaire d'un tube, la densité de matière dans le colis s'avère peu optimisée. En effet, le volume cylindrique interne des tronçons de tube, ainsi que les espaces interstitiels entre les différents tronçons, restent inoccupés.  Currently, the tubes or pipes from the dismantling of facilities are deposited, cut into sections / fragments of appropriate length, and then put in packages. Due to the closed and circular profile of a tube, the density of material in the package is not very optimized. In fact, the internal cylindrical volume of the tube sections, as well as the interstitial spaces between the different sections, remain unoccupied.
Cette faible densité nécessite de multiplier le nombre de colis et leurs transports, ce qui impacte sensiblement le coût global du démantèlement.  This low density necessitates the multiplication of the number of packages and their transport, which has a significant impact on the overall cost of dismantling.
I l existe donc un besoin d'optimisation de la densité de remplissage des colis, ainsi qu'un besoin de disposer de moyens à moindres coûts, permettant l'obtention d'une densité optimale des tronçons de tubes au sein du colis.  There is therefore a need for optimizing the filling density of the packages, as well as a need to have means at lower cost, to obtain an optimum density of the sections of tubes within the package.
Bien évidemment, cette problématique est également rencontrée dans d'autres domaines techniques que celui du démantèlement d'installations nucléaires. EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTION Of course, this problem is also encountered in other technical fields than the dismantling of nuclear installations. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
L'invention a donc pour but de remédier au moins partiellement aux problèmes mentionnés ci-dessus, rencontrés dans les solutions de l'art antérieur. The object of the invention is therefore to remedy at least partially the problems mentioned above, encountered in the solutions of the prior art.
Pour ce faire, l'invention a tout d'abord pour objet une tête d'écrasement et de découpe pour une installation de fragmentation d'au moins un tube, de préférence un tube radiologiquement contaminé, la tête comprenant un organe mobile à coulissement relativement à un support d'organe mobile, selon une première direction, l'organe mobile étant équipé des éléments suivants, qui se succèdent selon une seconde direction distincte de la première :  To do this, the invention firstly relates to a crushing and cutting head for a fragmentation installation of at least one tube, preferably a radiologically contaminated tube, the head comprising a relatively sliding mobile member. a movable member support, in a first direction, the movable member being equipped with the following elements, which succeed in a second direction distinct from the first:
- une première platine d'écrasement du tube ;  a first plate for crushing the tube;
- une seconde platine d'écrasement écartée de la première platine selon ladite première direction, de manière à permettre un niveau d'écrasement supérieur ; puis  a second crush plate spaced apart from the first plate in said first direction, so as to allow a higher level of crushing; then
- une lame de découpe.  - a cutting blade.
L'invention a également pour objet une installation de fragmentation d'au moins un tube, comprenant :  The subject of the invention is also a fragmentation installation of at least one tube, comprising:
- un bâti ;  - a building;
- une tête d'écrasement et de découpe telle que décrite ci-dessus, agencée en regard du bâti ;  a crushing and cutting head as described above, arranged facing the frame;
- des moyens permettant à l'organe mobile de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe d'effectuer un mouvement de va-et-vient dans ladite première direction, entre une position de retrait et une position de travail ; et  means enabling the mobile member of the crushing and cutting head to move back and forth in said first direction between a retracted position and a working position; and
- des moyens permettant de faire défiler le tube à fragmenter entre le bâti et la tête d'écrasement et de découpe, selon ladite seconde direction, lorsque l'organe mobile de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe occupe sa position de retrait.  - Means for scrolling the tube to be fragmented between the frame and the crushing and cutting head, according to said second direction, when the movable member of the crushing and cutting head is in its retracted position.
L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de fragmentation d'au moins un tube à l'aide d'une installation telle que décrite ci-dessus, comportant une étape d'actionnement de l'organe mobile contre une section du tube située en regard de l'organe mobile et en appui sur le bâti, cette étape d'actionnement visant à déplacer l'organe mobile de sa position de retrait à sa position de travail et générant l'ensemble des opérations suivantes : The invention also relates to a method of fragmenting at least one tube using an installation as described above, comprising a step of actuating the movable member against a section of the tube located in view of the movable member and resting on the frame, this actuating step to move the movable member from its retracted position to its working position and generating all of the following operations:
- pré-écrasement d'une partie de la section du tube, à l'aide de la première platine d'écrasement ;  pre-crushing a portion of the section of the tube, using the first crush platen;
- écrasement d'une partie pré-écrasée de la section du tube, à l'aide de la seconde platine d'écrasement ; et  - crushing a pre-crushed portion of the section of the tube, using the second platen crushing; and
- découpe d'une partie écrasée de la section du tube, à l'aide de la lame de découpe, de manière à obtenir un fragment écrasé de tube.  - Cutting a crushed portion of the section of the tube, with the cutting blade, so as to obtain a crushed fragment of tube.
L'invention est remarquable en ce qu'elle permet l'obtention de fragments de tube écrasés, qui conduisent à une densité de matière largement augmentée dans le colis dans lequel ces fragments sont entreposés, de préférence en vrac. Le nombre de colis requis ainsi que les transports sont réduits par rapport aux solutions proposées dans l'art antérieur, ce qui contribue à limiter les coûts. Ces coûts sont également optimisés par la mise en œuvre d'une installation et d'un procédé spécifiques à l'invention, permettant en particulier de réaliser plusieurs opérations lors d'un même et unique déplacement de l'organe mobile, comme cela a été mentionné ci- dessus.  The invention is remarkable in that it makes it possible to obtain crushed tube fragments, which lead to a material density greatly increased in the package in which these fragments are stored, preferably in bulk. The number of parcels required and the transport are reduced compared to the solutions proposed in the prior art, which helps to limit costs. These costs are also optimized by the implementation of an installation and a method specific to the invention, allowing in particular to perform several operations during the same and single movement of the movable member, as has been done. mentioned above.
L'invention comporte également au moins l'une des caractéristiques techniques optionnelles suivantes, prises séparément ou en combinaison.  The invention also comprises at least one of the following optional technical features, taken separately or in combination.
La tête d'écrasement et de découpe comporte, placée entre la seconde platine d'écrasement et la lame de découpe, des moyens de maintien d'une partie de tube écrasée.  The crushing and cutting head comprises, placed between the second crush platen and the cutting blade, means for holding a crushed tube portion.
Les moyens de maintien de la partie de tube écrasée sont montés sur au moins un vérin passif, le cylindre dudit au moins un vérin étant solidaire de l'organe mobile.  The holding means of the crushed tube portion are mounted on at least one passive cylinder, the cylinder of said at least one cylinder being integral with the movable member.
La première platine d'écrasement, la seconde platine d'écrasement et les moyens de maintien de la section de tube écrasée s'étendent chacun sur une longueur sensiblement identique, selon la seconde direction.  The first crush platen, the second crush platen and the crimped tube section holding means each extend over a substantially identical length, in the second direction.
Lesdites première et seconde directions sont sensiblement orthogonales entre elles. Lesdits moyens permettant de faire défiler le tube à fragmenter sont un système à poussoir actionné par une vis sans fin motorisée, même si d'autres techniques conventionnelles pourraient être employées, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Said first and second directions are substantially orthogonal to each other. Said means for scrolling the tube to be fragmented are a push system actuated by a motorized worm, even if other conventional techniques could be used, without departing from the scope of the invention.
L'installation comporte un convoyeur, par exemple un convoyeur à rouleaux, sur lequel est destiné à être placé le tube à fragmenter, le convoyeur étant agencé en amont de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe, selon un sens de défilement du tube à fragmenter au sein de l'installation.  The installation comprises a conveyor, for example a roller conveyor, on which is intended to be placed the tube to be fragmented, the conveyor being arranged upstream of the crushing head and cutting, in a direction of travel of the tube. fragment within the facility.
Selon une variante, ce convoyeur peut également être constitué par une goulotte en forme de « V » très légèrement inclinée vers le bas en direction de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe, la forme en « V » assurant le centrage correct du tube à fragmenter.  According to one variant, this conveyor may also consist of a "V" -shaped chute which is very slightly inclined downwards towards the crushing and cutting head, the "V" shape ensuring the correct centering of the tube. fragment.
L'installation comporte également des moyens de serrage du tube à fragmenter, placés en amont et à proximité de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe, selon un sens de défilement du tube à fragmenter, et destinés à maintenir le tube pendant l'opération de découpe. Ces moyens de serrage sont par exemple constitués de mors de serrage du tube, commandés par des moyens dédiés, par exemple un ou plusieurs vérins hydrauliques.  The installation also comprises means for clamping the tube to be fragmented, placed upstream and close to the crushing and cutting head, in a direction of travel of the tube to be fragmented, and intended to hold the tube during the operation. cutting. These clamping means consist for example of clamping jaws of the tube, controlled by dedicated means, for example one or more hydraulic cylinders.
L'installation est configurée pour la fragmentation simultanée de plusieurs tubes agencés parallèlement les uns aux autres, et elle comporte un peigne de guidage desdits tubes. De préférence, ledit peigne est situé au-dessus du convoyeur.  The installation is configured for the simultaneous fragmentation of several tubes arranged parallel to each other, and it comprises a guide comb of said tubes. Preferably, said comb is located above the conveyor.
Enfin, le procédé de fragmentation comprend de préférence la réitération du groupe d'étapes successives suivantes :  Finally, the fragmentation method preferably comprises the repetition of the following group of successive steps:
- déplacement de l'organe mobile de sa position de travail vers sa position de retrait ;  moving the movable member from its working position to its retracted position;
- déplacement du tube à fragmenter selon la seconde direction, entre le bâti et la tête d'écrasement et de découpe, selon une distance d'incrémentation ; et  moving the tube to be broken down along the second direction, between the frame and the crushing and cutting head, according to an incrementation distance; and
- mise en œuvre de ladite étape d'actionnement de l'organe mobile, de manière notamment à obtenir ledit fragment écrasé de tube, dont la longueur selon la seconde direction correspond sensiblement à ladite distance d'incrémentation. D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description détaillée non limitative ci-dessous. - Implementation of said step of actuating the movable member, in particular to obtain said crushed tube fragment, whose length in the second direction substantially corresponds to said incrementation distance. Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent in the detailed non-limiting description below.
BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Cette description sera faite au regard des dessins annexés parmi lesquels ; This description will be made with reference to the appended drawings among which;
- la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'une installation de fragmentation d'un tube, selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention ;  - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a fragmentation plant of a tube, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 2 représente une vue agrandie de côté d'une partie de l'installation montrée sur la figure précédente ;  - Figure 2 shows an enlarged side view of a portion of the installation shown in the previous figure;
- la figure 3 représente une vue schématique de dessus d'une partie de l'installation montrée sur la figure 1 ;  - Figure 3 shows a schematic top view of a portion of the installation shown in Figure 1;
- les figures 4a à 4c représentent différentes étapes successives d'un procédé de fragmentation d'un tube, selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, mis en œuvre à l'aide de l'installation montrée sur les figures 1 à 3 ;  FIGS. 4a to 4c show different successive stages of a method of fragmentation of a tube, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, implemented using the installation shown in FIGS. 1 to 3; ;
- les figures 5a à 5e représentent différentes étapes successives permettant l'amorce du procédé de fragmentation représenté schématiquement sur les figures 4a à 4c ;  FIGS. 5a to 5e represent different successive steps allowing the start of the fragmentation process shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4a to 4c;
- la figure 6 représente une vue similaire à celle de la figure 3, avec l'installation se présentant selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention ;  FIG. 6 represents a view similar to that of FIG. 3, with the installation according to another preferred embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 7 est une vue du peigne de guidage mis en œuvre sur l'installation montrée sur la figure précédente ; et  - Figure 7 is a view of the guide comb implemented on the installation shown in the previous figure; and
- la figure 8 représente une vue en perspective du peigne montré sur la figure précédente.  - Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the comb shown in the previous figure.
EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PRÉFÉRÉS En référence aux figures 1 à 3, il est représenté une installation 1 pour la fragmentation d'un tube contaminé 2, issu d'un démantèlement d'installation nucléaire. L'installation 1 se présente sous la forme d'un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, apte à être utilisée pour la fragmentation de tubes contaminés de différents diamètres, par exemple pour des diamètres compris entre 15 et 100 mm. De même, elle peut être utilisée pour une large plage d'épaisseurs de tube, par exemple typiquement jusqu'à une épaisseur de 5 mm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, there is shown an installation 1 for the fragmentation of a contaminated tube 2, resulting from a dismantling of a nuclear installation. The installation 1 is in the form of a preferred embodiment of the invention, suitable for use in the fragmentation of contaminated tubes of different diameters, for example for diameters between 15 and 100 mm. Likewise, it can be used for a wide range of tube thicknesses, for example typically up to a thickness of 5 mm.
L'installation comprend un bâti 4 surélevé par des pieds 6 reposant sur le sol 8. Cette surélévation du bâti 4 permet de placer à côté de lui un colis de déchets 10, dans lequel les fragments de tube peuvent tomber directement par gravité après leur découpe, comme cela sera décrit ci-après. Il peut s'agir d'un colis de transport et/ou de stockage et/ou d'entreposage des déchets.  The installation comprises a frame 4 raised by feet 6 resting on the ground 8. This elevation of the frame 4 makes it possible to place next to it a waste package 10, in which the tube fragments can fall directly by gravity after they have been cut. as will be described below. It may be a transport package and / or storage and / or storage of waste.
Au-dessus et en regard du bâti 4, l'installation 1 comporte une tête d'écrasement et de découpe 12, spécifique à l'invention.  Above and facing the frame 4, the installation 1 comprises a crushing and cutting head 12, specific to the invention.
La tête 12 comporte un organe mobile 14, dit coulisseau, monté à coulissement dans un support d'organe mobile 16, selon une première direction Dl correspondant ici à la direction verticale. Le support d'organe mobile 16 est fixe par rapport au bâti 4. Des moyens 20, du type vérin linéaire, permettent à l'organe mobile 14 de la tête 12 d'effectuer un mouvement de va-et-vient par rapport au support fixe 16, selon la direction Dl. Aussi, l'organe mobile 14 est capable d'être déplacé entre une position de retrait ou position haute, et une position de travail ou position basse.  The head 12 comprises a movable member 14, said slider, slidably mounted in a movable member support 16, in a first direction D1 here corresponding to the vertical direction. The movable member support 16 is fixed relative to the frame 4. Means 20, of the linear jack type, allow the movable member 14 of the head 12 to move back and forth relative to the support fixed 16, according to the direction Dl. Also, the movable member 14 is capable of being moved between a retracted position or up position, and a working position or low position.
L'organe mobile 14 est ainsi prévu pour frapper le tube à fragmenter, lorsque ce dernier est agencé entre le bâti 4 et cet organe 14. Il est monté fixement sur l'extrémité basse de la tige du vérin 20, et équipé de plusieurs éléments distincts capables d'effectuer ensemble, simultanément, plusieurs opérations sur le tube 2.  The mobile member 14 is thus provided for striking the tube to be fragmented, when the latter is arranged between the frame 4 and this member 14. It is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the rod of the jack 20, and equipped with several elements separate devices capable of carrying out, simultaneously, several operations on the tube 2.
Les différents éléments montés sur la surface inférieure de l'organe mobile 14 se succèdent selon une seconde direction D2, distincte de la première direction Dl. Il s'agit de préférence de la direction horizontale, orthogonale à la direction Dl. La direction D2 correspond également à la direction de défilement du tube 2 au sein de l'installation 1. A cet égard, il est noté que cette installation comporte ici un convoyeur à rouleaux 18 pour supporter et permettre le déplacement du tube 2 dans un sens de défilement D2a, en direction de la tête 12 d'écrasement et de découpe. Le convoyeur 18 est donc agencé en amont de la tête 12 selon le sens de défilement D2a, et comporte des rouleaux d'axes parallèles agencés dans un plan orthogonal à la direction Dl. Pour permettre d'engendrer le déplacement du tube 2 sur le convoyeur 18, l'installation 1 comporte des moyens appropriés tels que schématisés sur la figure 3. Il s'agit par exemple d'un poussoir 22 en appui sur l'extrémité amont du tube, et actionné par une vis sans fin motorisée 24. The various elements mounted on the lower surface of the movable member 14 follow one another in a second direction D2, distinct from the first direction Dl. This is preferably the horizontal direction, orthogonal to the direction Dl. The direction D2 also corresponds to the direction of travel of the tube 2 within the installation 1. In this respect, it is noted that this installation here comprises a roller conveyor 18 for supporting and allowing the displacement of the tube 2 in a direction scroll D2a, towards the head 12 of crushing and cutting. The conveyor 18 is thus arranged upstream of the head 12 in the direction of travel D2a, and comprises rollers of parallel axes arranged in a plane orthogonal to the direction D1. For enable to cause the displacement of the tube 2 on the conveyor 18, the installation 1 comprises appropriate means as shown schematically in Figure 3. It is for example a pusher 22 resting on the upstream end of the tube , and actuated by a motorized worm 24.
Plus spécifiquement en référence à la figure 2, il est représenté l'ensemble des éléments d'outillage équipant l'organe mobile 14, se succédant selon la direction D2. Dans le sens de défilement D2a, il s'agit des quatre éléments d'outillage successifs suivants :  More specifically with reference to Figure 2, there is shown all the tooling elements equipping the movable member 14, succeeding in the direction D2. In the scrolling direction D2a, these are the following four successive tooling elements:
- une première platine 26 d'écrasement du tube, sensiblement plane et horizontale ;  a first plate 26 for crushing the tube, substantially flat and horizontal;
- une seconde platine d'écrasement 28, également plane et horizontale. Elle est écartée de la première platine 26 selon la première direction Dl, de manière à permettre un niveau d'écrasement supérieur. En d'autres termes, la seconde platine 28 se situe plus proche du bâti 4, par exemple d'une distance comprise entre 20 et 40 mm ;  - A second platen crushing 28, also flat and horizontal. It is spaced from the first plate 26 in the first direction Dl, so as to allow a higher level of crushing. In other words, the second plate 28 is closer to the frame 4, for example a distance of between 20 and 40 mm;
- des moyens 30 de maintien d'une partie écrasée de tube, ces moyens means 30 for holding a crushed part of a tube, these means
30 en forme de platine plane et horizontale étant de préférence montés sur au moins un vérin passif 29, orienté selon la direction Dl et également dénommé vérin serre-flan. Ce vérin 29 permet essentiellement d'appliquer une pression de maintien sur la partie de tube écrasée, afin d'en faciliter la découpe. Néanmoins, les moyens 30 et chaque vérin 29 permettent également, dans certains cas, d'appliquer un troisième niveau d'écrasement lorsque la seconde platine 28 n'a pas totalement écrasé le tube. Quoi qu'il en soit, la nature passive de chaque vérin 29 permet de s'adapter à une large plage d'épaisseurs de tube, par exemple jusqu'à 5 mm. Le cylindre 31 de chaque vérin 29 est solidaire de l'organe mobile 14, voire obtenu par un alésage directement pratiqué dans l'organe mobile ; et 30 in the form of flat and horizontal platinum being preferably mounted on at least one passive cylinder 29, oriented in the direction Dl and also referred to as a blank cylinder. This jack 29 essentially allows to apply a holding pressure on the crushed tube portion, to facilitate cutting. Nevertheless, the means 30 and each jack 29 also make it possible, in certain cases, to apply a third level of crushing when the second plate 28 has not completely crushed the tube. In any event, the passive nature of each cylinder 29 makes it possible to adapt to a wide range of tube thicknesses, for example up to 5 mm. The cylinder 31 of each jack 29 is integral with the movable member 14, or even obtained by a bore directly formed in the movable member; and
- une lame de découpe 32, destinée à coopérer avec une contre-lame 34 fixée sur le bâti 4. La lame 32 présente un angle d'attaque compris de préférence entre 0 et 20°.  - A cutting blade 32, intended to cooperate with a counter blade 34 fixed to the frame 4. The blade 32 has an angle of attack preferably between 0 and 20 °.
Les quatre éléments d'outillage 26, 28, 30, 32 sont agencés de manière directement adjacente selon la direction D2. En d'autres termes, dans cette direction D2, il n'y a pas de jeu entre ces différents éléments. De plus, les trois premiers éléments d'outillage, à savoir la première platine d'écrasement 26, la seconde platine d'écrasement 28 et les moyens de maintien 30, s'étendent chacun sur une longueur Ll sensiblement identique, toujours selon cette direction D2. Cette longueur Ll est par exemple de l'ordre de quelques centimètres, et correspond à la longueur souhaitée pour les fragments de tube destinés à tomber en vrac dans le colis 10. The four tooling elements 26, 28, 30, 32 are arranged directly adjacent in the direction D2. In other words, in this direction D2, there is no game between these different elements. In addition, the first three tooling elements, namely the first crush platen 26, the second platen crushing 28 and the holding means 30, each extend over a length substantially identical Ll, still in this direction D2. This length L1 is for example of the order of a few centimeters, and corresponds to the desired length for the tube fragments intended to fall loose in the package 10.
Les trois éléments précités 26, 28, 30 présentent par ailleurs une largeur qui leur permet de recouvrir l'intégralité des parties du tube avec lesquelles ils sont en regard, respectivement. Aussi, cette largeur des éléments d'outillage 26, 28, 30 est de préférence supérieure au demi-périmètre extérieur du tube à fragmenter.  The aforementioned three elements 26, 28, 30 also have a width that allows them to cover all the parts of the tube with which they are opposite, respectively. Also, this width of the tooling elements 26, 28, 30 is preferably greater than the outer half-perimeter of the tube to be fragmented.
Enfin, en référence à la figure 3, il est noté que l'installation 1 comporte également des mors 40 de serrage du tube, commandés par des moyens dédiés 42, par exemple un ou plusieurs vérins hydrauliques. Les deux mors 40 sont agencés diamétralement opposés de part et d'autre du tube 2, représentés ici selon un diamètre horizontal. Les mors 40 sont placés à proximité de la tête 12, par exemple à une vingtaine de centimètres de celle-ci, à une extrémité aval du convoyeur 18.  Finally, with reference to FIG. 3, it is noted that the installation 1 also comprises jaws 40 for clamping the tube, controlled by dedicated means 42, for example one or more hydraulic cylinders. The two jaws 40 are arranged diametrically opposite on either side of the tube 2, shown here according to a horizontal diameter. The jaws 40 are placed close to the head 12, for example about twenty centimeters from the latter, at a downstream end of the conveyor 18.
L'installation peut également être équipée d'un dispositif d'aspiration (non représenté) des poussières générées lors de la fragmentation. Cette aspiration permet ainsi de limiter la dispersion de poussières radioactives dans l'environnement de l'installation. Un dispositif (non représenté) de mesure radiologique du tube peut également être mis en œuvre. Cette mesure peut être effectuée en amont de leur fragmentation, par exemple au niveau du convoyeur 18 en amont de la tête 12, ou bien au niveau des fragments de tube obtenus de manière à les trier en fonction de leur niveau de contamination. Par exemple, pour obtenir une mesure précise du niveau de contamination du tube au niveau du convoyeur, il peut être prévu un couvercle (non représenté) recouvrant le tube en défilement sur ce convoyeur 18. En position fermée, ce couvercle participe alors à isoler le tube 2 de son environnement, et donc à améliorer la précision de la mesure instantanée du débit de dose.  The installation can also be equipped with a suction device (not shown) of the dust generated during the fragmentation. This aspiration thus makes it possible to limit the dispersion of radioactive dusts in the environment of the installation. A device (not shown) for measuring the tube radially can also be implemented. This measurement can be performed upstream of their fragmentation, for example at the level of the conveyor 18 upstream of the head 12, or at the level of the tube fragments obtained so as to sort them according to their level of contamination. For example, to obtain an accurate measurement of the level of contamination of the tube at the conveyor, there can be provided a cover (not shown) covering the tube running on the conveyor 18. In the closed position, this lid then participates in isolating the tube 2 of its environment, and thus to improve the accuracy of the instantaneous measurement of the dose rate.
Bien entendu, l'installation 1 comporte une unité centrale de commande 46 permettant de commander et de synchroniser les mouvements du vérin actif 20 de commande l'organe mobile 14, de la vis sans fin motorisée 24 servant à faire défiler le tube 2 sur le convoyeur 18, et des vérins 42 de commande des mors 40 de serrage du tube 2. La synchronisation de ces mouvements est retenue de façon à mettre en œuvre un procédé de fragmentation d'un tube spécifique à l'invention, et dont un mode de réalisation préféré va à présent être décrit en référence aux figures 4a à 4c. Of course, the installation 1 comprises a central control unit 46 for controlling and synchronizing the movements of the jack active control 20 the movable member 14, the motorized auger 24 for scrolling the tube 2 on the conveyor 18, and cylinders 42 for controlling the jaws 40 for clamping the tube 2. The synchronization of these movements is retained so as to implement a method of fragmentation of a tube specific to the invention, and a preferred embodiment will now be described with reference to Figures 4a to 4c.
Tout d'abord, comme cela a été schématisé sur la figure 4a, après avoir frappé le tube 2, la tête 12 est déplacée dans la direction Dl vers le haut par le vérin 20, de sa position de travail à sa position de retrait. Après desserrage des mors horizontaux précités (non visibles sur les figures 4a à 4c), le tube 2 est déplacé dans le sens de défilement D2a de la direction D2, par la vis sans fin motorisée et le poussoir associé (non visibles sur les figures 4a à 4c). La flèche représentée sur la figure 4b schématise ce mouvement, qui s'effectue selon une distance d'incrémentation « di » correspondant à la longueur Ll précitée des éléments d'outillage 26, 28, 30. Aussi, c'est l'ensemble du tube 2 qui est déplacé sur le convoyeur 18 et entre la tête 12 et le bâti 4, d'une distance d'incrémentation « di ».  First, as shown schematically in Figure 4a, after striking the tube 2, the head 12 is moved in the direction Dl upwards by the jack 20, from its working position to its retracted position. After loosening the aforesaid horizontal jaws (not visible in FIGS. 4a to 4c), the tube 2 is moved in the direction of travel D2a of the direction D2 by the motorized worm and the associated pusher (not visible in FIGS. at 4c). The arrow represented in FIG. 4b schematizes this movement, which takes place according to an incrementation distance "di" corresponding to the length L 1 above of the tooling elements 26, 28, 30. Also, it is the whole of the tube 2 which is moved on the conveyor 18 and between the head 12 and the frame 4, an incrementation distance "di".
Suite à ce déplacement, une section SI du tube se trouve agencée en regard de l'organe mobile 14 de la tête 12, selon la direction Dl. Cette section SI comporte quatre parties adjacentes, se succédant selon la direction D2.  Following this movement, a section SI of the tube is arranged facing the movable member 14 of the head 12, in the direction Dl. This section SI has four adjacent parts, succeeding one another in the direction D2.
II s'agit tout d'abord d'une première partie PI, partiellement écrasée en ce sens que son extrémité aval est déjà déformée. En revanche, sa partie amont n'est pas déformée et présente un diamètre extérieur correspondant à celui de la partie amont du tube 2. La première partie PI se situe en regard de la première platine d'écrasement 26, et présente une même longueur Ll selon la direction D2.  It is firstly a first part PI, partially crushed in that its downstream end is already deformed. On the other hand, its upstream part is not deformed and has an outside diameter corresponding to that of the upstream part of the tube 2. The first part PI is located opposite the first crush plate 26, and has the same length L1 according to direction D2.
II s'agit ensuite d'une seconde partie P2 pré-écrasée, située dans la continuité aval de l'extrémité aval déformée de la première partie PI de la section SI. La seconde partie P2 se situe en regard de la seconde platine d'écrasement 28, et présente une même longueur Ll selon la direction D2.  This is then a second portion pre-squashed P2, located in the continuity downstream of the deformed downstream end of the first portion PI of the section SI. The second part P2 is located opposite the second crushing plate 28, and has the same length L1 in the direction D2.
Ensuite, la section SI du tube 2 comporte une partie écrasée P3, dans laquelle il subsiste seulement deux portions déformées sensiblement planes et horizontales, plaquées l'une contre l'autre. Cette troisième partie écrasée P3 se situe dans la continuité aval de l'extrémité aval de la seconde partie P2 de la section SI. La troisième partie écrasée P3 se situe en regard des moyens de maintien 30, et présente une même longueur Ll selon la direction D2. Then, the section SI of the tube 2 comprises a crushed part P3, in which there remain only two substantially flat and horizontal deformed portions, pressed against each other. This third part overwritten P3 is located in the continuity downstream of the downstream end of the second part P2 of the section SI. The third crushed portion P3 is opposite the holding means 30, and has the same length L1 in the direction D2.
Enfin, la section SI du tube 2 comporte une autre partie écrasée P4, dans laquelle il subsiste aussi seulement deux portions déformées sensiblement planes et horizontales, plaquées l'une contre l'autre. Eventuellement, le niveau d'écrasement de cette quatrième partie P4 de la section SI peut être supérieur à celui de la troisième partie P3. Cette quatrième partie écrasée P4 se situe dans la continuité aval de l'extrémité aval de la troisième partie P3 de la section SI. La quatrième partie écrasée P4 présente une extrémité aval qui se situe en regard de la lame de découpe 32, et présente également une longueur Ll selon la direction D2.  Finally, the section SI of the tube 2 comprises another crushed portion P4, in which there are also only two deformed substantially flat and horizontal portions, pressed against each other. Optionally, the crushing level of this fourth part P4 of the section SI may be greater than that of the third part P3. This crushed fourth portion P4 is located in the downstream continuity of the downstream end of the third portion P3 of the section SI. The fourth crushed portion P4 has a downstream end which is opposite the cutting blade 32, and also has a length L1 in the direction D2.
A titre indicatif, sur la figure 4a, il a été référencé la section SI du tube 2 avant son déplacement selon la distance d'incrémentation « di ».  As an indication, in FIG. 4a, reference was made to the section SI of the tube 2 before it is moved according to the incrementation distance "di".
La poursuite de la mise en œuvre du procédé de fragmentation s'effectue par resserrage des mors de serrage pour maintenir le tube 2, puis par la réalisation d'une étape d'actionnement de l'organe mobile, également dénommée étape de frappe. Lors de cette étape schématisée sur la figure 4c, l'organe mobile 14 est déplacé selon la direction Dl vers sa position basse de travail, par le vérin dédié 20. Comme évoqué précédemment, lors de ce déplacement visant à enserrer la section SI du tube entre les éléments d'outillage 26, 28, 30, 32 et le bâti 4, l'ensemble des opérations suivantes sont générées sensiblement simultanément.  Further implementation of the fragmentation process is carried out by tightening the clamping jaws to maintain the tube 2, then by performing a step of actuating the movable member, also called the striking step. During this step shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4c, the movable member 14 is moved in the direction D1 towards its lower working position, by the dedicated jack 20. As mentioned previously, during this movement intended to grip the section SI of the tube between the tooling elements 26, 28, 30, 32 and the frame 4, all of the following operations are generated substantially simultaneously.
Tout d'abord, la première platine 26 provoque un pré-écrasement de la première partie PI du tube, de sorte que cette partie PI adopte, après la frappe, une forme sensiblement identique à celle de la seconde partie P2 avant la frappe, telle que montrée sur la figure 4b. De manière analogue, la seconde platine 28 provoque un écrasement de la seconde partie P2 du tube, de sorte que cette partie P2 adopte, après la frappe, une forme sensiblement identique à celle de la troisième partie P3 avant la frappe, telle que montrée sur la figure 4b.  Firstly, the first plate 26 causes a pre-crushing of the first part PI of the tube, so that this part PI adopts, after the striking, a shape substantially identical to that of the second part P2 before striking, such as shown in Figure 4b. Similarly, the second plate 28 crushes the second part P2 of the tube, so that this part P2 adopts, after the striking, a shape substantially identical to that of the third part P3 before the striking, as shown on Figure 4b.
Egalement, les moyens 30 viennent maintenir la troisième partie écrasée P3 contre le bâti 4, avec une rentrée passive de la tige du vérin 29 dans son cylindre 31. L'étendue de rentrée de la tige de vérin dépend donc de l'épaisseur de la troisième partie écrasée P3. Comme indiqué précédemment, les moyens 30 peuvent également assurer un écrasement supplémentaire de la troisième partie P3, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Also, the means 30 come to maintain the third crushed part P3 against the frame 4, with a passive return of the rod of the jack 29 in its cylinder 31. The extent of retraction of the cylinder rod therefore depends on the thickness of the third crushed part P3. As indicated above, the means 30 can also provide additional crushing of the third portion P3 without departing from the scope of the invention.
Enfin, toujours durant cette même étape d'actionnement de l'organe mobile 14, la lame 32 provoque la découpe de la partie écrasée P4, en combinaison avec la contre-lame 34 solidaire du bâti 4. Le tube maintenu dans sa partie P3 contre le bâti, et cisaillé à l'intersection entre ses parties P3 et P4, donne donc naissance à un fragment écrasé 2', correspondant à la partie P4. Le fragment 2' tombe ensuite directement par gravité dans le colis situé en contre-bas (non représenté sur la figure 4c).  Finally, still during this same step of actuating the movable member 14, the blade 32 causes cutting of the crushed portion P4, in combination with the counterblade 34 secured to the frame 4. The tube maintained in its part P3 against the frame, and sheared at the intersection between its parts P3 and P4, thus gives rise to a crushed fragment 2 ', corresponding to the part P4. The fragment 2 'then falls directly by gravity into the package located below (not shown in Figure 4c).
Ensuite, le groupe d'étapes successives schématisées sur les figures 4a à 4c sont réitérées autant de fois que nécessaire, pour fragmenter l'intégralité du tube 2. A cet égard, il doit être compris qu'à la fin de l'étape 4c qui vient d'être décrite, il est défini une section de tube S2, de forme identique à la section SI précitée, et qui subit ensuite chacune des étapes représentées sur ces figures 4a à 4c, notamment afin de générer un nouveau fragment de tube 2'.  Next, the group of successive steps shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4a to 4c are repeated as many times as necessary in order to fragment the entire tube 2. In this respect, it should be understood that at the end of step 4c which has just been described, there is defined a tube section S2, of identical shape to the aforementioned section S1, and which then undergoes each of the steps shown in these FIGS. 4a to 4c, in particular in order to generate a new tube fragment 2 .
Grâce à l'obtention de fragments de tube écrasés, la densité de matière est largement augmentée dans le colis dans lequel ces fragments sont entreposés en vrac. De plus, l'obtention de ces fragments est optimisée, en particulier grâce à une installation 1 et un procédé permettant de réaliser plusieurs opérations lors d'un même et unique déplacement de l'organe mobile.  By obtaining crushed tube fragments, the density of material is greatly increased in the package in which these fragments are stored in bulk. In addition, the obtaining of these fragments is optimized, in particular by means of an installation 1 and a method making it possible to carry out several operations during the same and only displacement of the movable member.
A titre purement indicatif, les figures 5a à 5e montrent différentes étapes d'amorce du procédé de fragmentation qui vient d'être décrit en référence aux figures 4a à 4c. Par amorce, il est ici entendu l'ensemble des étapes qui conduisent à obtenir le tube 2 dans sa configuration telle que montrée sur la figure 4a, c'est-à-dire avec une section aval pourvue de quatre parties successives P1-P4.  By way of indication only, FIGS. 5a to 5e show different stages of initiation of the fragmentation process which has just been described with reference to FIGS. 4a to 4c. By initiation, here is meant all the steps that lead to obtaining the tube 2 in its configuration as shown in Figure 4a, that is to say with a downstream section provided with four successive portions P1-P4.
Pour ce faire, comme cela a été schématisé sur la séquence d'étapes des figures 5a à 5e, le tube 2 est frappé à plusieurs reprises par l'organe mobile 14, ce tube étant déplacé de la distance d'incrémentation « di » entre chaque frappe. Après la troisième frappe montrée sur la figure 5e, il est effectivement obtenu la section SI avec ses quatre parties adjacentes P1-P4. To do this, as has been schematized in the sequence of steps of FIGS. 5a to 5e, the tube 2 is struck several times by the movable member 14, this tube being displaced by the incrementation distance "di" between every keystroke. After the third strike shown in Figure 5e, it is actually obtained the SI section with its four adjacent parts P1-P4.
En référence à présent à la figure 6, il est montré une installation 1 selon un autre mode de réalisation configuré pour permettre la fragmentation simultanée de plusieurs tubes 2, agencés parallèlement les uns aux autres selon la seconde direction D2. Cette installation présente ainsi de nombreuses similitudes avec l'installation précédemment décrite. D'ailleurs, sur les figures, les éléments portant les mêmes références numériques correspondent à des éléments identiques ou similaires.  Referring now to Figure 6, there is shown an installation 1 according to another embodiment configured to allow the simultaneous fragmentation of several tubes 2, arranged parallel to each other in the second direction D2. This installation thus has many similarities with the previously described installation. Moreover, in the figures, the elements bearing the same reference numerals correspond to identical or similar elements.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'installation 1 comporte un peigne de guidage 50 permettant de guider les tubes 2 et de maintenir leur écartement ainsi que leur parallélisme. Le peigne 50 est préférentiellement situé au-dessus du convoyeur 18, entre le poussoir 22 et la tête 12. D'ailleurs, il est noté que le poussoir 22 peut être commun pour tous les tubes 2, ou bien chaque tube peut être associé à un poussoir lui étant dédié.  In this embodiment, the installation 1 comprises a guide comb 50 for guiding the tubes 2 and maintain their spacing and their parallelism. The comb 50 is preferably located above the conveyor 18, between the pusher 22 and the head 12. Furthermore, it is noted that the pusher 22 may be common for all the tubes 2, or each tube may be associated with a pusher dedicated to him.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, le tubes 2 sont par exemple au nombre de quatre, agencés dans un même plan parallèle à celui défini par le convoyeur. Néanmoins, le nombre de tubes pourrait être inférieur ou supérieur à quatre.  In this embodiment, the tubes 2 are for example four in number, arranged in the same plane parallel to that defined by the conveyor. Nevertheless, the number of tubes could be less than or greater than four.
Le peigne de guidage 50 est fixe, et solidaire du bâti 4. Comme cela est également visible sur les figures 7 et 8, le peigne 50 présente des dents 52 et des encoches 54 agencées en alternance, afin que chaque tube 2 en mouvement puisse circuler à travers l'une des encoches 54 sous l'action du poussoir 22. La partie fonctionnelle du peigne 50 est prolongée par un organe de fixation 56 permettant son montage sur le bâti.  The guide comb 50 is fixed, and integral with the frame 4. As is also visible in Figures 7 and 8, the comb 50 has teeth 52 and notches 54 arranged alternately, so that each tube 2 in motion can flow through one of the notches 54 under the action of the pusher 22. The functional part of the comb 50 is extended by a fixing member 56 for mounting on the frame.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, la tête 12 est de conception identique ou similaire à celle décrite précédemment. Elle présente une largeur adaptée afin de pouvoir réaliser l'ensemble des opérations décrites ci-dessus, sur tous les tubes 2 simultanément.  In this embodiment, the head 12 is identical in design or similar to that described above. It has a width adapted to perform all of the operations described above, all tubes 2 simultaneously.
Bien entendu, diverses modifications peuvent être apportées par l'homme du métier à l'invention qui vient d'être décrite, uniquement à titre d'exemples non limitatifs.  Of course, various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art to the invention which has just been described, solely by way of non-limiting examples.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Tête d'écrasement et de découpe (12) pour une installation (1) de fragmentation d'au moins un tube (2), de préférence un tube radiologiquement contaminé, la tête étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un organe (14) mobile à coulissement relativement à un support d'organe mobile (16), selon une première direction (Dl), l'organe mobile (14) étant équipé des éléments suivants, qui se succèdent selon une seconde direction (D2) distincte de la première : 1. Crushing and cutting head (12) for an installation (1) of fragmentation of at least one tube (2), preferably a radiologically contaminated tube, the head being characterized in that it comprises a member ( 14) slidably movable relative to a movable member support (16), in a first direction (D1), the movable member (14) being equipped with the following elements, which succeed each other in a second direction (D2) distinct from the first one :
- une première platine (26) d'écrasement du tube ;  a first plate (26) for crushing the tube;
- une seconde platine d'écrasement (28) écartée de la première platine a second crush platen (28) spaced from the first platen
(26) selon ladite première direction (Dl), de manière à permettre un niveau d'écrasement supérieur ; puis (26) in said first direction (D1), so as to allow a higher level of crushing; then
- une lame de découpe (32).  - a cutting blade (32).
2. Tête d'écrasement et de découpe selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte également, placée entre la seconde platine d'écrasement (28) et la lame de découpe (32), des moyens (30) de maintien d'une partie de tube écrasée (P3). 2. Head crushing and cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises, placed between the second crush platen (28) and the cutting blade (32), means (30) for maintaining part of a crushed tube (P3).
3. Tête d'écrasement et de découpe selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de maintien (30) de la partie de tube écrasée (P3) sont montés sur au moins un vérin passif (29), le cylindre (31) dudit au moins un vérin (29) étant solidaire de l'organe mobile (14). 3. crushing and cutting head according to claim 2, characterized in that the holding means (30) of the crushed tube portion (P3) are mounted on at least one passive cylinder (29), the cylinder (31) ) of said at least one jack (29) being integral with the movable member (14).
4. Tête d'écrasement et de découpe selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la première platine d'écrasement (26), la seconde platine d'écrasement (28) et les moyens (30) de maintien de la section de tube écrasée (P3) s'étendent chacun sur une longueur (Ll) sensiblement identique, selon la seconde direction (D2). Crushing and cutting head according to claim 3, characterized in that the first crushing plate (26), the second crushing plate (28) and the means (30) for holding the tube section. crushed (P3) each extend over a length (L1) substantially identical, according to the second direction (D2).
5. Installation (1) de fragmentation d'au moins un tube (2), comprenant : 5. Installation (1) of fragmentation of at least one tube (2), comprising:
- un bâti (4) ;  - a frame (4);
- une tête d'écrasement et de découpe (12) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, agencée en regard du bâti (4) ;  - A crushing and cutting head (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, arranged facing the frame (4);
- des moyens (20) permettant à l'organe mobile (14) de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe (12) d'effectuer un mouvement de va-et-vient dans ladite première direction (Dl), entre une position de retrait et une position de travail ; et  means (20) enabling the movable member (14) of the crushing and cutting head (12) to move back and forth in said first direction (D1) between a position of withdrawal and a work position; and
- des moyens (22, 24) permettant de faire défiler le tube (2) à fragmenter entre le bâti (4) et la tête d'écrasement et de découpe (12), selon ladite seconde direction (D2), lorsque l'organe mobile (14) de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe (12) occupe sa position de retrait.  - means (22, 24) for scrolling the tube (2) to be broken between the frame (4) and the crushing and cutting head (12), in said second direction (D2), when the body movable (14) of the crushing and cutting head (12) occupies its retracted position.
6. Installation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdites première et seconde directions (Dl, D2) sont sensiblement orthogonales entre elles. 6. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that said first and second directions (D1, D2) are substantially orthogonal to each other.
7. Installation selon la revendication 5 ou la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens permettant de faire défiler le tube (2) à fragmenter sont un système à poussoir (22) actionné par une vis sans fin motorisée (24). 7. Installation according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that said means for scrolling the tube (2) to be fragmented are a pusher system (22) actuated by a motorized worm (24).
8. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un convoyeur (18) sur lequel est destiné à être placé le tube (2) à fragmenter, le convoyeur (18) étant agencé en amont de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe (12), selon un sens de défilement (D2a) du tube à fragmenter au sein de l'installation. 8. Installation according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a conveyor (18) on which is intended to be placed the tube (2) to be fragmented, the conveyor (18) being arranged upstream the crushing and cutting head (12), in a direction of travel (D2a) of the tube to be fragmented within the installation.
9. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte des moyens de serrage (40) du tube à fragmenter, placés en amont et à proximité de la tête d'écrasement et de découpe (12), selon un sens de défilement (D2a) du tube à fragmenter. 9. Installation according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that it comprises clamping means (40) of the tube to be fragmented, placed upstream and close to the crushing and cutting head (12). ), in a direction of travel (D2a) of the tube to be fragmented.
10. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est configurée pour la fragmentation simultanée de plusieurs tubes (2) agencés parallèlement les uns aux autres, et en ce qu'elle comporte un peigne de guidage desdits tubes. 10. Installation according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that it is configured for the simultaneous fragmentation of several tubes (2) arranged parallel to each other, and in that it comprises a guide comb said tubes.
11. Procédé de fragmentation d'au moins un tube (2) à l'aide d'une installation (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une étape d'actionnement de l'organe mobile (14) contre une section du tube (SI) située en regard de l'organe mobile et en appui sur le bâti (4), cette étape d'actionnement visant à déplacer l'organe mobile (14) de sa position de retrait à sa position de travail et générant l'ensemble des opérations suivantes : 11. A method of fragmenting at least one tube (2) using an installation (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a step of actuating the movable member (14) against a section of the tube (SI) located opposite the movable member and resting on the frame (4), this actuating step to move the movable member (14) from its position withdrawal to its working position and generating all of the following operations:
- pré-écrasement d'une partie (PI) de la section du tube (SI), à l'aide de la première platine d'écrasement (26) ;  - Pre-crushing a portion (PI) of the section of the tube (SI), using the first platen crushing (26);
- écrasement d'une partie pré-écrasée (P2) de la section du tube (SI), à l'aide de la seconde platine d'écrasement (28) ; et  - crushing a pre-crushed portion (P2) of the tube section (SI), using the second platen crushing (28); and
- découpe d'une partie écrasée (P4) de la section du tube (SI), à l'aide de la lame de découpe (32), de manière à obtenir un fragment écrasé de tube (2').  - Cutting a crushed portion (P4) of the section of the tube (SI), using the cutting blade (32), so as to obtain a crushed fragment of tube (2 ').
12. Procédé de fragmentation selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend la réitération du groupe d'étapes successives suivantes : 12. Process of fragmentation according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises the repetition of the following group of successive steps:
- déplacement de l'organe mobile (14) de sa position de travail vers sa position de retrait ;  moving the movable member (14) from its working position to its retracted position;
- déplacement du tube à fragmenter (2) selon la seconde direction (D2), entre le bâti (4) et la tête d'écrasement et de découpe (12), selon une distance d'incrémentation (di) ; et  - Moving the fragmenting tube (2) in the second direction (D2), between the frame (4) and the crushing head and cutting (12), according to an incrementation distance (di); and
- mise en œuvre de ladite étape d'actionnement de l'organe mobile (14), de manière notamment à obtenir ledit fragment écrasé de tube (2'), dont la longueur (Ll) selon la seconde direction correspond sensiblement à ladite distance d'incrémentation (di).  implementing said step of actuating the movable member (14), in particular so as to obtain said crushed tube fragment (2 '), whose length (L1) in the second direction substantially corresponds to said distance d incrementation (di).
PCT/EP2015/063935 2014-06-25 2015-06-22 Installation and method for fragmenting at least one tube, preferably a radiologically contaminated tube WO2015197528A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1455900A FR3023053B1 (en) 2014-06-25 2014-06-25 INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR FRAGMENTATION OF A TUBE, PREFERABLY A RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TUBE
FR1455900 2014-06-25

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WO2018232497A1 (en) 2017-06-23 2018-12-27 Candu Energy Inc. System and method for volume reduction of nuclear reactor components
CN112858658A (en) * 2021-01-25 2021-05-28 上海快灵生物科技有限公司 Broken tubular construction and biochemical test tube
US20220250178A1 (en) * 2019-03-27 2022-08-11 Control Cutter As Enhanced method for cutting pipes on a drill floor and tool therefor

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FR2954718A1 (en) * 2009-12-31 2011-07-01 Const Metalliques Charles Auer Rod e.g. diagonal rod, manufacturing method for framed structure, involves repeating crushing, separation and stamping operations on round part of tube with flat end, to obtain rod whose two ends are flattened and are stamped based on need
JP2012117924A (en) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-21 Toden Kogyo Co Ltd Method and device for tearing tube used in nuclear power plant or the like
KR20120080419A (en) * 2011-01-07 2012-07-17 하나검사기술 주식회사 Rad waster tube flat system

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US20080149503A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Michael Pandori Device and Method For Crimping A Tube
KR20110054443A (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-25 한전원자력연료 주식회사 Cutting apparatus for nuclear fuel tube
FR2954718A1 (en) * 2009-12-31 2011-07-01 Const Metalliques Charles Auer Rod e.g. diagonal rod, manufacturing method for framed structure, involves repeating crushing, separation and stamping operations on round part of tube with flat end, to obtain rod whose two ends are flattened and are stamped based on need
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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018232497A1 (en) 2017-06-23 2018-12-27 Candu Energy Inc. System and method for volume reduction of nuclear reactor components
EP3642850A4 (en) * 2017-06-23 2021-07-14 Candu Energy Inc. System and method for volume reduction of nuclear reactor components
US20220250178A1 (en) * 2019-03-27 2022-08-11 Control Cutter As Enhanced method for cutting pipes on a drill floor and tool therefor
CN112858658A (en) * 2021-01-25 2021-05-28 上海快灵生物科技有限公司 Broken tubular construction and biochemical test tube
CN112858658B (en) * 2021-01-25 2024-04-09 上海快灵生物科技有限公司 Broken tube structure and biochemical test tube

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FR3023053A1 (en) 2016-01-01

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