WO2015193003A1 - Élévateur/réducteur de tension utilisé comme déphaseur pour machine électrique - Google Patents

Élévateur/réducteur de tension utilisé comme déphaseur pour machine électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015193003A1
WO2015193003A1 PCT/EP2015/058651 EP2015058651W WO2015193003A1 WO 2015193003 A1 WO2015193003 A1 WO 2015193003A1 EP 2015058651 W EP2015058651 W EP 2015058651W WO 2015193003 A1 WO2015193003 A1 WO 2015193003A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
terminal
phase
converter
connection element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/058651
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Geyer
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2015193003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015193003A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
    • H02P2201/13—DC-link of current link type, e.g. typically for thyristor bridges, having an inductor in series with rectifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/08—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor
    • H02P3/12—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/08—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor
    • H02P3/14—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor by regenerative braking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
    • H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a voltage converter and a method for converting an electrical voltage.
  • Electric drive systems as used for example in electrically powered vehicles, for example, from a
  • DC power source such as a high-power traction battery are fed.
  • the DC voltage provided by this battery must be converted by means of a voltage converter (inverter) into a single-phase or multi-phase AC voltage in order to be able to generate the desired torque on the electric machine.
  • a voltage converter inverter
  • Machine windings generated which causes a corresponding moment in the machine rotor.
  • driving pattern can be generated with rotating field character with variable fundamental frequencies, phase relationships and modulation degrees. Due to the inclusion of the motor inductance is achieved so that an arrangement with a low number of components with high efficiency.
  • Pulse width modulated signal led to the electric machine. To avoid electromagnetic interference, the cable connections received must be sufficiently shielded. Due to the physical characteristics and power dissipation limit of the switching elements used in the current inverters, the PWM switching frequencies are typically limited to lower frequencies in the human hearing range (up to 20kHz).
  • German patent application DE 10 2013 201 538 AI discloses a
  • Inverter system to reduce unwanted noise caused by PWM control in an electric vehicle.
  • the electric motor with an optimized, pseudo-random
  • the voltage supply of a conventional inverter is usually initially limited to the current battery or source voltage. If higher voltages are required, for example, to expand the speed range, then the DC voltage must be adjusted via a step-up converter circuit.
  • the present invention provides a
  • a voltage converter having a DC voltage terminal comprising a first terminal member and a second terminal member;
  • Machine connection which has a third connection element and a fourth
  • Connection element comprises; a conversion device, which is adapted to a DC voltage between the first connection element and the second connection element in a phase voltage for an electrical
  • Machine to convert and provide the converted phase voltage between the third terminal and the fourth terminal, and is further configured to convert a provided by the electric machine between the third terminal and the fourth terminal phase voltage in a predetermined DC voltage and the DC voltage converted between to provide the first connection element and the second connection element; the conversion device in a first operating mode, the DC voltage between the first terminal element and the second terminal element is converted into a phase voltage whose maximum value is greater than the DC voltage between the first terminal element and the second terminal element, in a second operating mode the DC voltage between the first terminal element and the second terminal element in FIG converts a phase voltage whose maximum value is smaller than the DC voltage between the first
  • Operating mode converts the phase voltage between the third terminal and the fourth terminal into the predetermined DC voltage, wherein the maximum value of the phase voltage is smaller than the predetermined DC voltage, and in a fourth mode of operation
  • Phase voltage between the third terminal and the fourth terminal element converted into the predetermined DC voltage, wherein the maximum value of the phase voltage is greater than the predetermined
  • the present invention provides a method of converting electrical voltage with the steps of
  • Voltage converters can be used in a very wide range of applications. In this way, output voltages are over the entire
  • the bidirectional voltage conversion in combination with the stepping up or down of the voltage level also allows the kinetic energy to be fed back into a DC battery during a deceleration process by means of a regenerative electric machine.
  • a regenerative electric machine in particular due to the integrated boost converter functionality, even with low output voltages of the regenerative electric machine, there is still a return of the energy into the battery.
  • a particularly efficient recovery of kinetic energy can take place.
  • the conversion device comprises a first switching element, which is arranged between the first connection point and a first node, and a second switching element, which is arranged between the first node point and the second connection element.
  • the conversion device further includes a third switching element disposed between the third terminal and a second node and a fourth switching element disposed between the second node and the fourth terminal.
  • the conversion device comprises an inductance, which is arranged between the first node and the second node.
  • Machine connection of the voltage converter is rather an already smoothed output voltage with the machine base frequency ready.
  • the conversion device is operated at a switching frequency of at least 20 kHz.
  • switching frequencies are above the human audible range.
  • the acoustic interference by audible vibrations can be avoided or at least significantly reduced.
  • high switching frequencies allow miniaturization of the circuitry.
  • the inductances used can be made smaller at higher switching frequencies.
  • the voltage converter further comprises a control device, which is adapted to the first, the second, the third and the fourth switching element in dependence on a selected one
  • the conversion device is further configured to close the third switching element and the fourth switching element in a fifth operating mode. This will be the third
  • connection element and the fourth connection element electrically connected to each other at the machine connection.
  • a connected electric machine can be switched into an active short circuit in this operating mode.
  • the voltage converter can also open in a further operating mode, the third switching element and the fourth switching element, in order to switch a connected electric machine in the operating mode of the freewheel.
  • Phase voltage an alternating voltage, in particular a sinusoidal voltage between the potential of the third terminal element and a, from the operating mode and a predetermined PWM ratio
  • the invention determines
  • the step of selecting the operation mode selects the operation mode using the detected DC voltage and / or the detected phase voltage.
  • the present invention includes a
  • the electric drive system may further comprise an electrical machine with a phase connection, wherein the phase connection with the
  • the electric drive system may include an electrical energy storage, which is electrically coupled to the DC voltage terminal of the voltage converter.
  • the electric machine is a multi-phase electric machine, in particular an at least two-phase machine.
  • the electric drive system comprises at least one voltage converter for each phase of the electric machine.
  • the electrical drive system may comprise a plurality of voltage converters connected in parallel for each phase of an electrical machine.
  • the present invention includes a
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a circuit arrangement of a voltage converter according to an exemplary embodiment; a schematic representation of an electric drive system with a voltage converter according to an embodiment; a schematic representation of an electric drive system with a voltage converter according to another embodiment; a schematic representation of an electric drive system with a voltage converter according to yet another embodiment; a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with an electric drive system according to an embodiment; and a schematic representation of a method for converting an electrical voltage, as it is based on an embodiment.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a circuit arrangement for a voltage converter 1, as it is based on an embodiment.
  • the voltage converter 1 comprises a DC voltage connection 11, a machine connection 12, a conversion device 13 and a
  • the DC voltage terminal 11 may be connected to a DC voltage source 2, for example a battery.
  • a first connection element AI with a pole of the DC voltage source. 2 connected and a second connection point A2 with the other pole of the
  • the voltage converter 1 has a machine connection 12 with a third connection element A3 and a fourth connection element A4.
  • the two connection elements A3 and A4 of the machine connection 12 can be connected to the phase connections of an electrical machine 3.
  • the voltage converter 1 further comprises a conversion device 13 with the four switching elements Sl to S4, as well as an inductance L.
  • the switching elements S1 to S4 may be
  • semiconductor switches Tl to T4 act, which is preferably a freewheeling diode Dl to D4 connected in parallel.
  • a semiconductor switch for example, thyristors, bipolar transistors with an insulated gate (IGBT) or MOSFET are possible.
  • IGBT insulated gate
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • SiC silicon carbide switches
  • super junction MOSFETs are particularly suitable for high switching frequencies, in which switching frequencies of 20 kHz and more can be realized with only very low switching losses.
  • the first switching element Sl is arranged between the first connection element AI of the DC voltage terminal 11 and a first node Kl.
  • the second switching element S2 is between this first
  • the fourth switching element S4 is arranged between the second node K2 and the fourth connection element A4 of the machine connection 12.
  • DC terminal 11 and the fourth terminal A4 of the machine terminal 12 can also be electrically connected to each other and are preferably at the reference potential of
  • the control device 14 can be designed to
  • control device 14 Based on these control signals and / or set values, the control device 14 outputs switching signals to the switching elements S1 to S4 in order to open or close the corresponding switching elements S1 to S4.
  • the control signals or desired values can be provided to the control device 14 via analog or digital signals.
  • the corresponding control signals or setpoint values can be transmitted via a bus system and received by the control device 14.
  • control device 14 can also receive measured values via the voltage at the DC voltage connection 11 and / or at the machine connection 12. For example, this voltage sensors 15, 16 am
  • existing sensors can transmit their measured values to the
  • Control device 14 transmitted to provide information about the voltage at the DC voltage port 11 and / or at the machine port 12 of the control device 14.
  • the voltage converter 1 operates as a combined boost converter inverter.
  • Control machine connection 12 In boost converter mode, the maximum value, that is to say the amplitude of the voltage at the machine connection 12, is greater than the DC voltage which is present at the DC voltage connection 11.
  • the first switching element Sl is controlled by the control device 14 such that it is permanently closed. Furthermore, the second
  • the third switching element S3 is called activated active rectifier, so that flows through the freewheeling diode D3 and possibly also by the semiconductor switch T3, the current only in one direction.
  • the fourth switching element S4 is driven with a predetermined switching frequency. In this case, according to the pulse width modulation principle, the voltage on the side of the machine connection 12 is set in accordance with the duty cycle. It exists between
  • T is the period of the predetermined switching frequency f with which the control device 14 controls the fourth switching element S4 and t e m respectively the period of time within a period T, during which the switching element S4 is closed.
  • T is the period of the predetermined switching frequency f with which the control device 14 controls the fourth switching element S4 and t e m respectively the period of time within a period T, during which the switching element S4 is closed.
  • Input voltage Ul can be achieved.
  • the voltage converter 1 operates as a combined buck converter inverter.
  • the voltage applied to the DC voltage terminal 11 DC voltage is thereby reduced and simultaneously converted into a voltage which is suitable to drive an electrical machine on the machine connection 12.
  • the maximum value that is to say the amplitude of the voltage at the machine terminal 12, is smaller than the DC voltage which is applied to the DC voltage terminal 11.
  • the third switching element S3 is permanently closed and the fourth switching element S4 permanently open.
  • the second switching element S2 is driven as an active rectifier, which allows only a current flow in one direction in this mode.
  • Machine connection 12 sets the desired output voltage U2.
  • the ratio of output voltage U2 to input voltage Ul is as follows:
  • a DC voltage is converted to the DC voltage terminal 11 in a voltage for driving an electric machine 3
  • the voltage U2 which is provided by the electric machine 3 at the machine terminal 12, may vary and be greater or smaller than the DC voltage to be provided at the DC voltage terminal 11, there to feed an electrical energy storage 2 and, for example, to charge a battery.
  • the first switching element Sl operates as an active rectifier, which transmits the current in one direction only, and the second switching element S2 is clocked at a predetermined switching frequency.
  • a voltage Ul is established at the DC voltage terminal 11 according to the following formula:
  • the voltage converter 1 operates in a further operating mode as a combined rectifier and step-down converter.
  • the first switching element Sl permanently closed and the second switching element permanently open.
  • Switching element Sl and S2 open and the third switching element S3 and the fourth switching element S4 closed.
  • the third connection element A3 and the fourth connection element A4 are electrically connected to one another at the machine connection 12, and thus the phase connections of the electrical machine 3 are short-circuited.
  • the control of the switching elements Sl to S4 of the conversion device 13 of the voltage converter 1 by the control device 14 based on the formula described above can take place by means of a suitable microcontroller.
  • the duty cycle of the switching elements S1 to S4 to be switched can take place via suitable mathematical algorithms.
  • Control device 14 are relieved.
  • the switching frequency with which the switch elements S 1 to S 4 are driven can be selected in a very wide frequency range. Analogous to For example, switching frequencies in the range of up to 10 kHz are also possible with conventional inverters. However, relatively low switching frequencies require a relatively large inductance L between the first node K1 and the second node K2. By increasing the switching frequency to frequencies above 20 kHz and more, the required inductance L can be correspondingly reduced. This leads to a further reduction of the required installation space and the weight of the voltage converter. 1
  • Impairment For the use of such high switching frequencies of 20 kHz and more, in particular modern silicon carbide (SiC) switches are advantageous. Such SiC switches have relatively low switching losses even at switching frequencies above 20 kHz. Alternatively, it is also possible to use voltage converters with a super-junction MOSFET, which also have only low switching losses at high switching frequencies.
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • the exemplary embodiment described above describes an electric drive comprising a voltage converter 1, an electrical energy store 2 and a single-phase electric machine 3.
  • the voltage converter 1 can also be used for electric drives with multi-phase electrical machines 3.
  • circuit configurations for a three-phase electric machine 3 are executed.
  • the choice of three phases for a multi-phase electric machine 3 serves only for illustrative purposes.
  • electrical machines with any other number of phases are also possible.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a circuit concept of a three-phase electric machine 3 with mass star point.
  • Each of the three phases LI, L2, L3 is electrically connected to a connection element, for example the third connection element A3 of the machine connection 12 of a previously described conversion device 13.
  • the respective other connection element, that is, for example, the fourth connection element A4 is electrically connected to the reference potential.
  • the star point of the electric machine 3 is also also with the reference potential electrically connected.
  • On the DC side are all
  • Conversion devices 13 can from a common
  • Control device 14 are controlled. Moreover, it is also possible that a separate control device 14 is present for each phase.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further schematic illustration of an electric drive with a three-phase electrical machine 3.
  • a three-phase system structure with a virtual mass star point is shown. That is, the windings of all phases of the electric machine 3 are electrically connected to each other at the neutral point. However, this star point is not electrically connected to a reference potential. Otherwise, the structure of the electric drive with virtual mass star point is analogous to the structure of the electric drive with mass star point, in which the
  • Mass star point is at reference potential.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of an electric drive with a three-phase electric machine in delta connection.
  • the windings of the electric machine 3 are each connected between two phase terminals of the electric machine 3.
  • the structure of the electrical energy source 2 and the voltage converter 1 used is analogous to the embodiments described above.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with an electric drive. The electric drive from electrical energy storage 2, the voltage converters 1 and the electric machine 3 can be carried out, for example, according to one of the embodiments described above.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a flowchart on which a method 100 for converting an electrical voltage according to an exemplary embodiment is based.
  • a step 110 first a previously described voltage converter 1 is provided. Subsequently, an operation mode is selected in step 120. In this mode of operation it can For example, the above-described operating modes boost converter inverter, the buck converter inverter, boost converter rectifier, buck converter rectifier act.
  • the safe operating mode in the form of an active short circuit or free-running mode is possible.
  • step 130 the voltage converter 1 is driven in dependence on the selected operating mode.
  • the selection of the operating mode can, in accordance with the previously received setpoint specifications for a torque of the electric
  • an electrical current in the phase or phases of the electric machine 3 can be predetermined, which is to be set by providing the output voltage at the motor terminal 12 of the voltage converter. If the electric machine 3 is to be decelerated in order, for example, to decelerate an electrically driven motor vehicle, a corresponding braking torque can also be preset. Furthermore, the operating mode of the active short circuit or of the freewheeling mode can also be specified for setting a safe operating mode. Furthermore, the
  • DC voltage connection 11 can be determined. In this way it is in particular possible to determine whether the voltage converter 1 in
  • step 115 the size of the DC voltage at the DC voltage terminal 11 of the voltage converter 1 can be determined. Additionally or alternatively, the size of the phase voltage at the motor terminal 12 of the voltage converter 1 can be determined. Based on the determined voltages, the operating mode can then be determined in step 130 using the determined DC voltage and / or the determined
  • Phase voltage can be selected.
  • the present invention relates to a bidirectional voltage converter.
  • the voltage converter comprises at least four operating modes for converting a DC voltage into a voltage for controlling an electrical machine or for converting a
  • Voltage is smoothed and provided with significantly reduced noise component than with conventional current regulators.
  • the circuit construction in particular allows operation with high switching frequencies. Thus, the switching frequency can be shifted to an area beyond the human hearing range. In addition, high switching frequencies also allow one

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un convertisseur de tension bidirectionnel. Le convertisseur de tension comprend au moins quatre modes de fonctionnement pour convertir une tension continue en une tension de commande d'une machine électrique ou pour convertir une tension de générateur en une tension continue. La tension convertie respective est lissée et délivrée avec une composante parasite considérablement réduite par rapport à des convertisseurs de courant conventionnels. La configuration de circuit permet notamment un fonctionnement à des fréquences de commutation élevées. Ainsi, la fréquence de commutation peut être déplacée vers une zone au-delà de la gamme audible. De plus, des fréquences de commutation élevées permettent également de réduire le poids et la place nécessaire au convertisseur de tension.
PCT/EP2015/058651 2014-06-20 2015-04-22 Élévateur/réducteur de tension utilisé comme déphaseur pour machine électrique WO2015193003A1 (fr)

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DE102014211853.0A DE102014211853A1 (de) 2014-06-20 2014-06-20 Spannungskonverter und Verfahren zum Konvertieren einer elektrischen Spannung
DE102014211853.0 2014-06-20

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WO2015193003A1 true WO2015193003A1 (fr) 2015-12-23

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WO2017211657A1 (fr) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-14 Continental Automotive Gmbh Réseau de bord de véhicule comprenant un onduleur, un accumulateur d'énergie, une machine électrique et une borne de transmission de courant continu
US10994618B2 (en) 2016-06-06 2021-05-04 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Vehicle electrical system with inverter, energy store, electrical machine and ac transmission terminal
WO2022038288A1 (fr) * 2020-08-21 2022-02-24 Prodrive Technologies B.V. Convertisseur ca/cc électrique reconfigurable modulaire
EP3455932B1 (fr) * 2016-05-09 2023-07-19 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Dispositif et procédé pour produire une tension alternative

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CH714180B1 (de) * 2017-09-20 2021-11-15 Eth Zuerich Konverter zur Übertragung von elektrischer Energie zwischen einem DC und einem AC-System.
DE102019128299B3 (de) * 2019-10-21 2021-01-07 Kögel, Willinger & Hell GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Reinhard Kögl, 78086 Brigachtal) Schaltnetzteil sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben des Schaltnetzteils als Verstärker
DE102021205265A1 (de) 2021-05-21 2022-11-24 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Fahrzeug-Spannungswandler und Fahrzeugbordnetz mit einem Spannungswandler

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JP2006174653A (ja) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-29 Denso Corp チョッパ型インバータ回路
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DE102013201538A1 (de) 2012-02-07 2013-08-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc PWM-Frequenzrasteroptimierung für NVH

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US20050218876A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Denso Corporation Reversible buck-boost chopper circuit, and inverter circuit with the same
JP2006174653A (ja) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-29 Denso Corp チョッパ型インバータ回路
US20090200970A1 (en) * 2008-02-12 2009-08-13 Denso Corporation Chopper control system for rotary machines
DE102013201538A1 (de) 2012-02-07 2013-08-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc PWM-Frequenzrasteroptimierung für NVH

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3455932B1 (fr) * 2016-05-09 2023-07-19 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Dispositif et procédé pour produire une tension alternative
WO2017211657A1 (fr) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-14 Continental Automotive Gmbh Réseau de bord de véhicule comprenant un onduleur, un accumulateur d'énergie, une machine électrique et une borne de transmission de courant continu
US10787088B2 (en) 2016-06-06 2020-09-29 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Vehicle electrical system with inverter, energy store, electrical machine and DC transmission terminal
US10994618B2 (en) 2016-06-06 2021-05-04 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Vehicle electrical system with inverter, energy store, electrical machine and ac transmission terminal
WO2022038288A1 (fr) * 2020-08-21 2022-02-24 Prodrive Technologies B.V. Convertisseur ca/cc électrique reconfigurable modulaire

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