WO2015190554A1 - Photoelectric conversion element, electric module, and evaluation method for photoelectric conversion elements - Google Patents

Abstract

This photoelectric conversion element (1A) is characterized in that a photoelectrode (5) in which a semiconductor layer (4) is stacked upon a conductive film (3) formed on a first substrate (2), and a counter electrode (8) in which a conductive film (7) is formed on a second substrate (6) are stacked such that the conductive films (3, 7) are made to face each other with the semiconductor layer (4) therebetween. The photoelectric conversion element (1A) is further characterized in that: in at least one of the conductive films (3, 7) which face each other, a plurality of conductive film segments (X1-X5, Y1-Y6) are formed which are electrically isolated from each other; either areas where the conductive film segments (X1-X5 or Y1-Y6) overlap the whole conductive film (7 or 3) facing said conductive film segments when viewed from the stacking direction, or areas where the conductive film segments (X1-X5, Y1-Y6) which face each other overlap each other when viewed from the stacking direction form power-generation measurement sections (P); and an electric current can be passed through the conductive films (3, 7) which face each other and which form the power-generation measurement sections (P).

Description

Photoelectric conversion element, electric module, and photoelectric conversion element evaluation method

The present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element, an electric module, and a photoelectric conversion element evaluation method. This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-120870 filed in Japan on June 11, 2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Silicon-based solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and other photoelectric conversion elements (electric modules) have attracted attention as clean energy power generation devices. In recent years, research and development have been promoted for the purpose of maintaining and improving these qualities.
In order to improve the quality of the photoelectric conversion element, the uniformity of the power generation performance of the photoelectrode of the photoelectric conversion element is required. As the photoelectric conversion element becomes larger, the uniformity of the power generation performance of the photoelectrode greatly affects the performance of the entire photoelectric conversion element. As an evaluation method of a photoelectric conversion element or an electric module, for example, methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below have been developed and used.
Patent Document 1 discloses an apparatus that uses a spot light source to irradiate only a specific portion of a solar cell with light and evaluates the uniformity of the power generation performance of the photoelectrode from the power generation characteristics of the specific portion.
Patent Document 2 discloses an apparatus that irradiates a solar cell with line-shaped light and maps the characteristic distribution on the film surface of the photoelectrode by arithmetic processing based on the output of the solar cell.

JP 2004-241449 A JP 2010-73800 A

However, since the above-described conventional apparatus needs to include a special light source such as a spot light source or a line light source that irradiates only a specific portion of the photoelectric conversion element, the apparatus is expensive and takes a lot of time for measurement. There was a problem. Furthermore, there is a problem that the configuration of the apparatus becomes complicated because alignment of the irradiated portion is necessary or complicated arithmetic processing is necessary.
Then, in view of the said subject, this invention provides the evaluation method of a photoelectric conversion element, an electric module, and a photoelectric conversion element which can perform evaluation of surface uniformity easily.
Here, “surface uniformity” means the uniformity of the power generation performance of the photoelectrode of the photoelectric conversion element. When the power generation performance at a plurality of locations of the photoelectrode is measured and compared, if the power generation performance is uniform, it can be said that the surface uniformity of the photoelectrode is high.

The photoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes a photoelectrode in which a semiconductor layer is stacked on the conductive film of a first substrate (one substrate) on which a conductive film is formed, and a conductive film on a second substrate (another substrate). The formed counter electrode is stacked with the conductive films facing each other through the semiconductor layer, and at least one of the conductive films facing each other is electrically separated (insulated) from each other. A region formed by a plurality of divided conductive films, where the divided conductive film and the entire conductive film opposed thereto overlap in the stacking direction, or the divided conductive films facing each other are stacked in the stacking direction. The region overlapped when viewed is made energizable and forms a power generation measurement unit.
According to the configuration of the present invention, the power generation measurement unit is set by dividing the conductive film of the photoelectric conversion element in an electrically separated state. The power generation performance of a desired power generation measurement unit can be measured simply by forming a terminal at a position where the power generation measurement unit can be energized and connecting a meter capable of measuring current to the terminal. By setting a plurality of power generation measurement units in a single or a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, and measuring and comparing the power generation performance of each power generation measurement unit, the uniformity of the power generation performance of the plurality of power generation measurement units, that is, The surface uniformity of the conversion element can be evaluated.

The conductive film (one) of the first substrate of the present invention forms a plurality of divided conductive films extending parallel to each other in one direction, and the conductive film (the other) of the second substrate is viewed in the stacking direction. A plurality of divided conductive films extending in parallel with each other in a direction crossing the one direction may be formed.
According to this configuration, the power generation measuring unit of the photoelectric conversion element can be set finely.

In the present invention, the divided conductive films facing each other may be orthogonal to each other when viewed in the stacking direction.
According to this configuration, the power generation measurement unit can be set in a rectangular area.

It is preferable that a plurality of the power generation measuring units of the present invention are formed with the same area.
According to this configuration, it becomes easy to compare the power generation performance of each power generation measurement unit.

A current collecting member may be disposed on at least one of the conductive film of the first substrate and the conductive film of the second substrate of the present invention.
According to this configuration, the current generated by the photoelectric conversion element can be collected efficiently.
The terminal which consists of a material different from the material which comprises the said electrically conductive film may be installed in the edge part of at least any one of the said electrically conductive film of the 1st board | substrate of this invention, and the said electrically conductive film of a 2nd board | substrate.
According to this configuration, for example, when a terminal made of a material having a lower electrical resistance than the conductive film is installed, when measuring a power generation performance by connecting a measuring instrument such as an ammeter through the terminal, the terminal and The contact resistance when connecting the measuring instrument can be reduced. As a result, measurement error can be reduced.

The electrical module of the present invention is formed by connecting a plurality of any of the photoelectric conversion elements described above.
According to this configuration, any one of the operations and functions described above is exhibited.

The photoelectric conversion element evaluation method of the present invention includes a step of irradiating one of the photoelectric conversion elements with light, a step of detecting the current or voltage of the power generation measurement unit, and a power generation performance based on the detected value. And a step of evaluating.
According to this configuration, the power generation performance of the photoelectric conversion element can be easily measured.
In the photoelectric conversion element evaluation method of the present invention, the current or voltage of the power generation measurement unit may be detected by energizing at least a pair of terminals included in the photoelectric conversion element.
According to this configuration, by connecting a terminal to a position corresponding to a desired power generation measurement unit among a plurality of power generation measurement units partitioned by the divided conductive film, current (voltage) measurement (detection) of the power generation measurement unit is detected. ) Can be easily performed. Moreover, the said measurement can be performed about a desired electric power generation measurement part by changing the location which connects a terminal.

According to the present invention, it is possible to easily measure the power generation performance of the photoelectric conversion element using a current or voltage meter having a simple structure.

It is the perspective view which showed typically the photoelectric conversion element of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the top view which showed typically the photoelectric conversion element of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed typically the modification of the photoelectric conversion element of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the top view which showed typically the modification of the photoelectric conversion element of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed typically the electric module of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which expanded and showed a part of electric module of 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, with respect to the embodiments of the photoelectric conversion element and electric module of the present invention with reference to the drawings, the photoelectric conversion element and electric module of the present invention are dye-sensitized solar cells (hereinafter referred to as “solar cells”). This will be described as an example.
The present invention can be applied to other photoelectric conversion elements and electric modules such as organic thin film solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid types in addition to dye-sensitized solar cells.

(First embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 1, the solar cell 1 </ b> A according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a photoelectrode 5 in which a conductive film 3 and a semiconductor layer 4 are formed on a first substrate 2, and a conductive film on a second substrate 6. 7 is laminated with the conductive films 3 and 7 facing each other. An electrolyte (not shown) is filled between the photoelectrode 5 and the counter electrode 8. The plate surface of the first substrate 2 and the plate surface of the second substrate 6 are continuously adhered by the sealing material 10 at the outer edge portion of each plate surface. In FIG. 1, for convenience of structure display, a part (front side) of the sealing material 10 is omitted.

In the solar cell 1A, both the conductive films 3 and 7 facing each other are electrically separated, and a plurality of divided conductive films X1-X5 (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5), a distribution conductive part Y1- Y6 (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6) is formed. In the present embodiment, both of the conductive films 3 and 7 are divided. However, at least one of the conductive films 3 and 7 may be divided.
A region where the divided conductive films X1-X5 and the distribution conductive parts Y1-Y6 that are opposed to each other overlap in the stacking direction forms a plurality of power generation measuring parts 1p-30p as shown in FIG. ing. Hereinafter, these power generation measurement units may be collectively or individually referred to as “power generation measurement unit P”. The divided conductive films X1-X5 and the distribution conductive parts Y1-Y6 facing each other can be energized to the power generation measurement part P (that is, any one or more of the power generation measurement parts 1p-30p) in at least one section. Terminals 21 and 22 are provided at such positions.

As the material of the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6, for example, a resin material or a glass substrate or the like mainly composed of a transparent thermoplastic resin material such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is suitable. Used for. The first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6 may be flexible films. A transparent substrate is used for at least one of the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6.

As shown in FIG. 1, the conductive film 3 is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped divided conductive films X1-X5 extending in parallel to each other in the direction of the arrow L1 with an interval in the direction of the arrow L2. Note that the number of the divided conductive films shown here is an example. Between each of the divided conductive films X1-X5, the conductive film 3 is not formed, the first substrate 2 is exposed, and a groove shape (strip shape) extending in parallel in one direction (the direction of the arrow L1). Insulating portion 15 is formed.
The conductive film 7 is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped divided conductive films Y1-Y6 extending in parallel with each other in the direction of the arrow L2 with an interval in the direction of the arrow L1. Note that the number of the divided conductive films shown here is an example. Between each of the divided conductive films Y1-Y6, the conductive film 7 is not formed, the second substrate 6 is exposed, and a groove-shaped (strip-shaped) insulating portion 16 extending in parallel with the arrow L2 direction. Is forming.
The insulating parts 15 and 16 may be provided with an insulating material or a semiconductor material. From the viewpoint of improving the insulation, an insulating material is preferable to a semiconductor material.

Each divided conductive film X1-X5 formed on the first substrate 2 and each divided conductive film Y1-Y6 formed on the second substrate 6 overlap each other when viewed in the stacking direction of the photoelectrode 5 and the counter electrode 8. The region that constitutes one power generation measuring part P (1p-30p). The region is a region composed of the divided conductive films X1-X5 and the divided conductive films Y1-Y5 surrounded by the insulating portions 15, 16 when the insulating portions 15, 16 are projected in the stacking direction. One power generation measurement part P is divided into a plurality of sections by the insulating parts 15 and 16, and these power generation measurement parts 1p-30p are formed in a rectangle having the same area.
The interval between the insulating portions 15 and the interval between the insulating portions 16 are set to dimensions that can form the power generation measuring portion P having an appropriate size. The size of the power generation measurement unit P is, for example, preferably in the range of 1 mm to 50 mm on one side, and more preferably in the range of 5 mm to 30 mm.
In addition, the width of the insulating portions 15 and 16 is, for example, preferably 1 μm to 3 mm, and more preferably 1 μm to 1 mm.
The formation method of the divided conductive films X1-X5 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of dividing the conductive film 3 formed on the first substrate 2 into a desired shape by a known photolithography method. The divided conductive films Y1-Y6 can be formed similarly.

Examples of the material for the conductive films 3 and 7 include tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), tin oxide (SnO), and antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO). ), Indium oxide / zinc oxide (IZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), and the like.
At least one of the conductive film 3 of the photoelectrode 5 and the conductive film 7 of the counter electrode 8 is preferably a transparent conductive film.

The conductive film 7 formed on the second substrate 6 may or may not have a role as a catalyst layer that catalyzes a redox reaction on the electrolyte. In the former case, a catalyst layer (not shown) is further formed on the conductive film 7. In the latter case, only the conductive film 7 is formed on the second substrate 6.
Examples of the catalyst layer formed on the surface of the conductive film 7 include a catalyst layer made of carbon paste, platinum, or the like.
It is preferable that an h + (hole) blocking layer is provided on the surface of the conductive film 3 of the photoelectrode 5. It is preferable that an electron blocking layer is provided on the surface of the conductive film 7 of the counter electrode 8.
The formation method of the electrically conductive film 3 which comprises the counter electrode 8, and the catalyst layer laminated | stacked as needed is not specifically limited, A well-known method is applicable.

The semiconductor layer 4 has a function of receiving and transporting electrons from the sensitizing dye, and is a semiconductor layer in which a semiconductor made of a metal oxide, an organic metal, or the like is formed on the surface of the conductive film 3. In the present embodiment, the semiconductor layer 4 is continuously formed across the divided conductive films X1-X5. However, the semiconductor layer 4 may be divided along each insulating portion 15 between the divided conductive films X1 to X5.
As the metal oxide constituting the semiconductor layer 4, for example, titanium oxide (TiO _2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO ₂₎ or the like is used. As the organic metal, an organic metal having a perovskite structure such as CH ₃ NH ₃ PbX ₃ (X is a halogen atom) is used.
The method for forming the semiconductor layer 4 constituting the photoelectrode 5 is not particularly limited, and a known method can be applied. When the semiconductor layer 4 is divided in the same manner as the conductive film 3, for example, a method of dividing by a known photolithography method can be applied.

The semiconductor layer 4 can carry a sensitizing dye. From the viewpoint of increasing the amount of sensitizing dye supported, the semiconductor layer 4 is preferably porous. Examples of the sensitizing dye include known organic dyes and metal complex dyes. Examples of organic dyes include various organic dyes such as coumarin, polyene, cyanine, hemicyanine, and thiophene. As the metal complex dye, for example, a ruthenium complex is suitable.
Although not shown in the present embodiment, a separator may be interposed between the photoelectrode 5 and the counter electrode 8.

The sealing material 10 is continuously arranged on the entire circumference along the outer edges of the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6, and a space in which the electrolyte can be held between the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6. These substrates are bonded together in a state in which is formed.
As the sealing material 10, for example, an adhesive such as hot melt resin is suitable.
The method for sealing the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6 is not particularly limited, and a known method can be applied.

The terminals 21 and 22 are members or portions that can be energized to any power generation measurement unit P that measures current or voltage among the divided power generation measurement units p1 to p30. The pair of terminals 21 and 22 are provided on the divided conductive films X1-X5 and the divided conductive films Y1-Y6, respectively, and are connected to terminals of external devices that measure current or voltage. A current or voltage in a specific power generation measurement unit P is measured through a specific divided conductive film to which a terminal of the external device is connected.
The terminals 21 and 22 may be provided in advance in any of the divided conductive films X1 to X5 and the divided conductive films Y1 to Y6 that form the power generation measurement unit P. Alternatively, when measuring the current or voltage generated by irradiating the power generation measurement unit P with light, the terminals 21 and 22 may be provided as necessary.

The position where the terminals 21 and 22 are formed in each of the divided conductive films X1-X5 and Y1-Y6 is not particularly limited as long as it is a position that can be electrically connected to a current or voltage measuring device. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the terminals 21 and 22 are provided in advance at the end of the divided conductive film X3 and the end of the divided conductive film Y5 so that the current or voltage of the power generation measurement unit 23p can be measured. It is connected.

The terminals 21 and 22 are formed using a known conductive material, and are electrically joined to the divided conductive films X1-X5 and the divided conductive films Y1-Y6. As the conductive material, for example, a metal, a conductive carbon compound, or the like is preferably used. When the terminals 21 and 22 are metal, for example, copper, aluminum, nickel, steel, brass, or the like is preferably used.
The conductive films 3 and 7 and the conductive material may be electrically connected. The conductive films 3 and 7 and the conductive material are joined directly or indirectly. Examples of a method for electrically joining the conductive films 3 and 7 and the conductive material constituting the terminals 21 and 22 include known methods such as welding, plating, and pressure bonding.

The shape and attachment method of the terminals 21 and 22 are not particularly limited. For example, a clip-type terminal, a pressing-type terminal, and the like can be given. Examples of the shape of the pressing-type terminal include a rod shape. The clip-type terminal is connected to a predetermined divided conductive film and fixed with the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6 interposed therebetween. The pressing-type terminal is fixed by pressing from above the conductive layer on the substrate.

A part of the conductive films 3 and 7 protrudes from the internal space sealed with the sealing material 10 beyond the sealing material 10 to the outside together with the first substrate 2 or the second substrate 7 and is exposed. Is preferred. Furthermore, it is preferable that the terminals 21 and 22 are formed by laminating copper foil or the like on the exposed conductive films 3 and 4.

The electrolyte penetrates into the semiconductor layer 4 and is coated on almost the entire surface thereof.
Examples of the electrolyte include non-aqueous solvents such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; liquid components such as ionic liquids such as dimethylpropylimidazolium iodide or butylmethylimidazolium iodide; supported electrolytes such as lithium iodide and iodine. And the like are mixed. The electrolyte may contain t-butylpyridine for the purpose of preventing reverse electron transfer reaction.

Next, a method for measuring the power generation performance of the solar cell 1A will be described as an example of a photoelectric conversion element evaluation method.
Measurement of the power generation performance of the solar cell 1A includes a step of irradiating the solar cell 1A with light, a step of energizing at least a pair of terminals of the solar cell 1A, and a step of detecting a current value or a voltage value of the power generation measurement unit P. And a step of evaluating the detected current value or voltage value.

<Step of irradiating light to solar cell 1A>
Light is emitted including at least one of the plurality of power generation measurement units 1p-30p selected as the power generation measurement unit for measuring current or voltage. At this time, the irradiation range of light may be a part or all of the solar cell 1A.
The device for irradiating light is not particularly limited as long as it is a light source capable of irradiating a light wavelength that can be generated, and examples thereof include a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp, and an LED.

<Process to energize terminals>
The step of energizing the terminals 21 and 22 is performed using a current and / or voltage meter. Here, energizing a terminal means that the current or voltage of the power generation measuring unit can be measured via the terminal.
As shown in FIG. 1, between the divided conductive films X3 and Y5 provided with the terminals 21 and 22 and the divided conductive films X2 and X4 and the divided conductive films Y4 and Y6 adjacent thereto, the insulating portion 15 is provided. , 16 are electrically insulated. Therefore, when the terminals 21 and 22 are energized, current flows only between the divided conductive films X3 and Y5 between the terminals 21 and 22. Electrons move in the stacking direction from the counter electrode 8 toward the photoelectrode 5 in the power generation measuring unit 23p generated by light irradiation and viewed from the solar cell 1A in the stacking direction where the divided conductive films X3 and Y5 overlap each other. At this time, the electrons transported by the electrolyte move between the conductive films 3 and 7 in the vertical direction (perpendicular direction of the conductive film surface), and almost between the conductive films 3 and 7 in the oblique direction (perpendicular to the normal of the conductive film surface). In the crossing direction). Therefore, the current or voltage output from the terminals 21 and 22 is almost exclusively derived from the power generation measurement unit 23p.

<Step of detecting current value or voltage value>
The step of detecting a current value or a voltage value generated by photoelectric conversion in the power generation measurement unit can be performed by a known method. For example, using a known current meter (ammeter) or voltage meter (voltmeter), read the current value when an arbitrary voltage is applied, or connect a high resistance to approximate the current to 0 (zero). This can be done by reading the voltage value.
In the solar cell 1A, when the terminals 21 and 22 are energized, the electrons move almost only through the power generation measurement unit 23p, so that the current value or voltage value flowing through the power generation measurement unit 23p is detected.

<Process for evaluating power generation performance>
The power generation performance of a specific power generation measurement unit that is a part of the solar cell 1A is measured by evaluating the current value or voltage value obtained in the step of detecting the current value or voltage value after performing the above steps. can do.

The conductive film 3 of the solar cell 1A is divided into divided conductive films X1-X5 in an electrically separated state. The opposing conductive film 7 is divided in a state of being electrically separated into divided conductive films Y1-Y6. The longitudinal directions of the divided conductive films X1-X5 and the divided conductive films Y1-Y6 cross (cross) each other when viewed in the stacking direction. The divided conductive films X1-X5 and the divided conductive films Y1-Y6 form the power generation measurement parts 1p-30p surrounded (enclosed) by the insulating parts 15 and 16 and the sealing material 10 projected in the stacking direction, The entire plate surfaces of the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6 facing each other are respectively covered.
Therefore, the current value or voltage value that flows only through the power generation measurement unit 23p can be detected simply by irradiating the entire power generation measurement unit 23p whose current value or voltage value is to be measured and applying power to the terminals 21 and 22.

As described above, the solar cell 1 </ b> A evaluates the obtained current value or voltage value, so that the overlapping portion of the divided conductive films X <b> 3 and Y <b> 5 and the semiconductor layer that cause the quality of the current or voltage flow are very simple. The effect that the formation state of 4 can be confirmed is acquired. That is, by evaluating the power generation performance in the power generation measurement unit P set as a representative part of the solar cell 1A, it is possible to indirectly evaluate the film formation state of each layer constituting the photoelectrode and the counter electrode in the power generation measurement unit P. it can. Moreover, since the power generation measurement part P is set by arbitrary numbers in the arbitrary locations of the solar cell 1A as needed, it can become a representative part of the solar cell 1A.
In the solar cell 1A, the region to be evaluated is set by selecting the power generation measurement unit 1p-30p and terminals 21, provided on the divided conductive films X1-X5, Y1-Y6 forming the power generation measurement unit 1p-30p, This can be done by energizing 22. Therefore, the evaluation method of the present invention does not depend on an irradiation apparatus having a special light source that irradiates only a specific region of the solar cell as in the conventional evaluation method.

According to the evaluation method of the present invention, the light source capable of irradiating at least one power generation measuring unit 1p-30p and a simple device such as a general current meter or voltage meter can be used at low cost. The effect that the film-forming state of the electrically conductive films 3 and 7 and the semiconductor layer 4 can be evaluated is acquired.
In addition, since the power generation measurement unit P is rectangular and formed in the same area, the power generation measurement unit P can be set in a compact area, and an evaluation can be easily performed.

The terminals 21 and 22 are preferably formed on all the divided conductive films X1-X5 and Y1-Y6. However, when the power generation measurement is performed partially, for example, when the power generation performance of only a specific power generation measurement unit is evaluated, the terminals 21 and 22 are provided only in any one of the divided conductive films X1-X5 and Y1-Y6. It may be formed.

Moreover, the terminals 21 and 22 shown in FIG. 1 may be comprised by the division | segmentation electrically conductive film, as shown in FIG. That is, the terminal 21 may be the divided conductive film X1-X5 itself on the first substrate 2 that extends through the sealing material 10 from the inner space surrounded by the sealing material 10 and extends outward. Similarly, the terminal 22 may be the divided conductive film Y1-Y6 itself on the second substrate 6 that extends through the sealing material 10 from the inner space surrounded by the sealing material 10 and extends outward. .
With this configuration, it is possible to omit the step of bonding the conductive members forming the terminals 21 and 22 to the divided conductive films X1-X5 and Y1-Y6. In addition, after the measurement by the power generation measuring unit P, the conductive films 3 and 7 divided by the insulating units 15 and 16 can be easily connected using a conductive material (not shown). That is, the divided conductive films X1-X5 and the divided conductive films Y1-Y6 can be easily connected to each other using a conductive material (not shown), and current can be extracted from all the divided conductive films X1-X5, Y1-Y6. .

In the solar cell 1A, instead of the configuration in which the conductive film 3 of the first substrate 2 and the conductive film 7 of the second substrate 6 are both electrically divided, only one of the conductive films is divided. Also good.
According to this configuration, either the non-divided conductive film 3 or the conductive film 7 formed on the entire first substrate 2 or the second substrate 6 and the divided conductive film 7 or conductive film facing each other. 3 and the overlapping portion viewed in the stacking direction as the power generation measuring unit P, an effect that the current value or the voltage value can be measured is obtained.

The insulating portion 15 of the photoelectrode 5 and the insulating portion 16 of the counter electrode 8 cross each other at an acute angle or an obtuse angle when viewed in the stacking direction as shown in FIG. It may be formed.
In this case, at least one end of each of the split conductive films X1-X5 of the photoelectrode 5 and the split conductive film Y1-Y6 of the counter electrode 8 reaches the side end 10e or the side end 10f of the first substrate 2 or the second substrate 6. Thus, the film is continuously formed.

In the solar cell 1B, the terminal 21 of the photoelectrode 5 protrudes from one side end 10e of the first substrate 2, and the terminal 22 of the counter electrode 8 protrudes from the other side end 10f of the second substrate 6.
Solar cell 1B can be easily manufactured by the following method. Using a flexible strip-shaped film material as the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 6 respectively, the solar cell 1B is transported in a direction orthogonal to the terminals 21 and 22 (direction orthogonal to the arrow L2). It can be manufactured easily.

<Electric module>
As a second embodiment of the present invention, a solar cell 1C (electric module) in which solar cells 1A are connected in series will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. The description will focus on differences from the above-described embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the solar battery 1C, the divided conductive Y1-Y6 films of the solar battery 1A constituting one cell are adjacent (adjacent) through the divided conductive film X1 and the conductive material 30. The solar cells 1A are connected in series with the divided conductive films Y1-Y6 in a one-to-one manner in the direction of the arrow L2. That is, the divided conductive films Y1 of two adjacent solar cells 1A, Y2s, Y3s, Y4s, Y5s, Y6s are connected in series via the split conductive film X1 and the conductive material 30. ing.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the solar cell 1C, the conductive material 30 and the divided conductive film X1 on which the conductive material 30 is arranged have a plurality of insulating portions 16, 16,... Formed between the divided conductive films Y1-Y6. Insulating portions 17 are formed at positions facing each other.
In this configuration, electrons that have flowed into the divided conductive films Y1-Y6 of the counter electrode 8 of one solar cell 1A are partially subdivided by the insulating film 17 (insulating portion 17) facing the divided conductive films Y1-Y6. After moving to each of the divided conductive films X1), adjacent to each other via the conductive material 30 divided so as to correspond to the divided conductive films Y1-Y6 (subdivided similarly to the divided conductive film X1). It moves sequentially to the divided conductive films Y1-Y6 of the solar cell 1A.

For example, when the power generation measuring unit P is formed in each of the solar cells 1A, terminals (not shown) provided in the divided conductive films X1-X5, Y1-Y6 forming the desired power generation measuring unit P By energizing the current, it is possible to easily evaluate the film formation uniformity of the conductive films 3 and 7 and the semiconductor layer 4 in the region. The solar cell 1C has the same effects and effects as described in the first embodiment.

The solar cells 1A and 1A are connected in series via the conductive film X1 and the conductive material 30, and electrons move between the divided conductive film X1 and the divided conductive films Y1-Y6. Can do. Therefore, the current value or voltage value of the power generation measurement unit P of the solar cell 1A is measured by subtracting the current value between any of the divided conductive films X1 and Y1 to Y6 that are connected in series. It is preferable. That is, it is preferable to evaluate the power generation performance in the power generation measurement unit P in consideration of the leakage current and electrical resistance at the site where adjacent solar cells 1A are connected in series.

In each of the solar cells described above, one or more divided conductive films X1-X5, Y1-Y6 in one cell may be provided with a conductive material 30 as a current collecting member along the longitudinal direction thereof. Good.
In this case, a short circuit is prevented between the conductive material 30 disposed on one or more of the divided conductive films X1-X5 and Y1-Y6 and the opposing divided conductive film Y1-Y6 or the divided conductive film X1-X5. Insulating material is inserted.
With this configuration, the effect of improving the current collection efficiency of the divided conductive film X1 provided with the conductive material 30 can be obtained.

1A, 1B Solar cell (photoelectric conversion element)
1C Solar cell (electric module)
2 First substrate 3 Conductive film 4 Semiconductor layer 5 Photoelectrode 6 Second substrate 7 Conductive film 10 Sealing material 15 Insulating part 16 Insulating part 17 Insulating part 30 Conductive material (current collecting member)
P Power generation measurement unit 1p-30p Power generation measurement unit X1-X5 (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) Split conductive film Y1-Y6 (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6) Split conductive film

Claims (9)

1. A photoelectrode in which a semiconductor layer is stacked on the conductive film of the first substrate on which the conductive film is formed, and a counter electrode on which a conductive film is formed on the second substrate are provided via the semiconductor layer. Laminated, facing each other
   At least one of the conductive films facing each other is formed of a plurality of divided conductive films that are electrically separated from each other,
   A region where the divided conductive film and the entire conductive film opposed thereto overlap in the stacking direction or a region where the divided conductive films facing each other overlap in the stacking direction can be energized. A photoelectric conversion element characterized by forming a power generation measuring unit.
2. The conductive film of the first substrate forms a plurality of divided conductive films extending parallel to each other in one direction,
   2. The photoelectric conversion according to claim 1, wherein the conductive film of the second substrate includes a plurality of divided conductive films extending in parallel to each other in a direction crossing the one direction when viewed in the stacking direction. element.
3. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 2, wherein the divided conductive films facing each other are orthogonal to each other when viewed in the stacking direction.
4. The photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of the power generation measurement units are formed with the same area.
5. 5. The photoelectric conversion according to claim 1, wherein a current collecting member is disposed on at least one of the conductive film of the first substrate and the conductive film of the second substrate. 6. element.
6. The terminal which consists of a material different from the material which comprises the said electrically conductive film is installed in the edge part of at least any one of the said electrically conductive film of a 1st board | substrate, and the said electrically conductive film of a 2nd board | substrate. Item 6. The photoelectric conversion device according to any one of Items 1 to 5.
7. An electric module comprising a plurality of the photoelectric conversion elements according to any one of claims 1 to 6 connected to each other.
8. A step of irradiating the photoelectric conversion element according to any one of claims 1 to 6 with light, a step of detecting a current or a voltage of the power generation measurement unit,
   And a step of evaluating the power generation performance based on the detected value. A method for evaluating a photoelectric conversion element, comprising:
9. The method for evaluating a photoelectric conversion element according to claim 8, wherein the current or voltage of the power generation measurement unit is detected by energizing at least a pair of terminals of the photoelectric conversion element.

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