WO2015188783A1 - 脱扣机构及漏电保护器 - Google Patents

脱扣机构及漏电保护器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015188783A1
WO2015188783A1 PCT/CN2015/081369 CN2015081369W WO2015188783A1 WO 2015188783 A1 WO2015188783 A1 WO 2015188783A1 CN 2015081369 W CN2015081369 W CN 2015081369W WO 2015188783 A1 WO2015188783 A1 WO 2015188783A1
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Prior art keywords
pin
trip mechanism
coil
legs
magnetically permeable
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PCT/CN2015/081369
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余刚
阿拉伯⋅法里德
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of earth leakage protectors, and more particularly to trip mechanisms in earth leakage protectors.
  • a leakage protector is a safety device that is used to disconnect a working circuit in the event of a leakage fault to protect equipment and personal safety.
  • the leakage protector monitors the leakage signal. When the leakage level reaches the trip threshold.
  • the internal tripping mechanism acts to trigger the action of the switching mechanism, thereby turning off the working current and realizing the leakage protection function.
  • the energy required for the tripping mechanism to operate is derived from the main circuit, some from the energy stored in the capacitors in the circuit, and some directly from the energy of the leakage current. In the leakage product design, under the same product performance, the power required for the trip mechanism action is as small as possible.
  • the trip mechanism in the leakage protector is an important component to realize the leakage protector reaction.
  • a trip mechanism of a conventional leakage protector is located in a closed cylindrical casing, which is formed into a cylindrical casing by a stamping process, and is again pressed by pressing the remaining components into the casing.
  • the cylindrical housing is fixedly engaged with the inner part to position the inner part. Since the stamping process easily causes cracking of the casing, the manufacturing process has a high scrap rate, resulting in high manufacturing costs.
  • tripping mechanisms typically use a ring of permanent magnets to provide a locking magnetic force to the moving elements in the trip mechanism.
  • the annular permanent magnet is generally difficult to machine and thus also causes an increase in the cost of the trip mechanism.
  • the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the coil is related to the number of turns of the coil and the magnetic resistance of the surrounding magnetic circuit.
  • the number of turns of the coil can be increased.
  • an increase in the number of turns of the coil increases the impedance of the coil, thereby increasing the trip power.
  • the trip mechanism of the above-mentioned cylindrical casing structure has a circular cross section, its radial dimension cannot be designed to be too large to avoid an excessive overall size and hinder the installation, and therefore cannot be set for the trip mechanism. Too many coils are caused, resulting in a limited induced magnetic field.
  • the contact between the arc-shaped housing wall and the magnetically conductive part therein may not be tight enough, so that when the parts forming the magnetic circuit are matched, there is a large gas gap, thereby Making the magnetic circuit have a large magnetic reluctance will also weaken the induced magnetic field strength caused by the current in the coil.
  • leakage protection products require a tripping mechanism with different tripping power when designing.
  • a ring-shaped permanent magnet since a ring-shaped permanent magnet is used, the magnetic field distribution of the moving element is difficult to adjust, so it is necessary to design different permanent magnets and different installations for tripping mechanisms with different sensitivity requirements. structure. This reduces the flexibility of manufacturing trip mechanisms of different sensitivities and leads to increased costs.
  • the tripping mechanism adopts conventional parts, is easy to manufacture, and has a simple assembly process, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the trip mechanism.
  • the structure of the trip mechanism is simpler and the quality is easy to control, so that the tripping power of the trip mechanism produced is stable in mass production.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a trip mechanism and an earth leakage protector for solving at least a portion of the problems existing in the prior art trip mechanism.
  • a trip mechanism comprising: a magnetically permeable frame having two legs and an intermediate portion connecting the two legs, the intermediate portion having a pin hole; an pin axially displaceable between the two legs and passing through the pin hole, having a first end adjacent to the pin hole and a second end remote from the pin hole; a magnetically permeable plate coupled to the free ends of the two legs; a biasing mechanism for providing a force in the first direction to the pin, wherein the first direction is along an axial direction of the pin The second end of the pin faces the first end; and a coil that surrounds the pin and is located between the two legs of the magnetically permeable frame.
  • the frame of the trip mechanism of the present disclosure can be formed only by bending a strip or sheet material, and the raw material manufacturing and molding processes are very simple and the reject rate is low, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the open frame is adapted to accommodate a larger coil and at least on the open side does not result in an oversized size of the trip mechanism.
  • the trip mechanism further includes a coil holder, and both the magnetic conductive frame and the magnetic conductive plate are mounted on the coil bobbin.
  • the free end of each of the two legs of the magnetically permeable frame has two resilient mating portions defined by the slots, and a pair of mounting holes are provided on the base of the coil bracket.
  • the two elastic mating portions of the free ends of each of the two legs of the magnetic frame are respectively elastically fitted into the mounting hole and deformed, thereby causing the free ends of the two legs of the magnetically permeable frame to be mounted on the coil bobbin
  • the magnetic plates are tightly coupled.
  • This mounting method makes the gap between the magnetic conductive frame constituting the magnetic circuit and the magnetic conductive plate very small, thereby effectively reducing the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit, so that the coil can generate a larger induction under the same current.
  • the magnetic field increases the reliability and sensitivity of the trip mechanism.
  • the magnetic conductive plate is positioned in the magnetic conductive plate mounting groove on the base of the coil holder, and the magnetic conductive plate respectively forms a step portion having a narrow width at both ends, and the step portion protrudes into the mounting hole, thereby
  • the two elastic fitting portions fitted into each of the mounting holes clamp the step portion to achieve a tight coupling of the free ends of the two legs of the magnetic conductive frame with the magnetic conductive plates mounted on the coil bobbin.
  • the magnetically permeable frame and the magnetically permeable plate are tightly coupled to have a small gas gap, thereby reducing the magnetic resistance at the joint, increasing the induced magnetic field, making the trip mechanism more reliable, and making the trip mechanism Has a small trip power.
  • the free end of the magnetically permeable frame can also be tightly coupled to the magnetically permeable plate by various known fastening means, such as snap-fit connections, threaded connections, and the like.
  • the coil bobbin has a middle for fixing the magnetically permeable frame Part of the frame support.
  • the trip mechanism further includes a permanent magnet coupled to the magnetically permeable plate, the permanent magnet being at least two permanent magnets symmetrically distributed about an axis of the pin.
  • Permanent magnets are common shapes such as cuboids and cubes. This makes the manufacture of the permanent magnet simple, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the symmetrically arranged permanent magnets cause the pin to be subjected to magnetic attraction only along its axial direction, thereby avoiding tilting.
  • the permanent magnets are positioned in a permanent magnet mounting groove on the base of the coil bobbin.
  • a spacer is further provided in the permanent magnet mounting groove of the coil holder to adjust the distance of the permanent magnet from the axis of the pin.
  • the manufacturing and assembly precision of the trip mechanism of the present disclosure is relative to that of the prior art. Stamping and matching are more precise. Therefore, the gap between the components constituting the magnetic permeable loop will be smaller, resulting in a smaller magnetic reluctance of the magnetic permeable loop.
  • the trip mechanism of the present disclosure is capable of achieving higher reliability and less trip power.
  • the mass of the trip mechanism is easier to control during mass production, and the trip power will be more stable.
  • the magnetic conductive frame, the pin, and the magnetic conductive plate are made of stainless steel to achieve good magnetic permeability.
  • the magnetic guiding frame, the pin and the magnetic conductive plate may also be made of other magnetic conductive materials.
  • a leakage protector including a switch mechanism and a trip mechanism of any of the foregoing, wherein a coil of the trip mechanism is electrically connected to a working circuit to which the leakage protector is connected, and a trip mechanism Cooperating with the switching mechanism such that when a leakage occurs, the coil is energized to trigger the switching mechanism to actuate the operating circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a trip mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a trip mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a trip mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a coil support of a trip mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a trip mechanism in which a coil and a coil bobbin are removed, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 6 illustrates a magnetic circuit of a trip mechanism in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 7A illustrates a trip mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure in a locked position
  • Figure 7B illustrates a trip mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure in a trip position
  • FIG. 8A-8B illustrate a trip mechanism in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein in FIG. 8A, the trip mechanism is in a locked position, and in FIG. 8B, the trip mechanism is in a trip position.
  • the trip mechanism comprises a magnetically permeable frame 1 having two legs 11, 12 and an intermediate portion 13 connecting the two legs 11, 12, preferably forming a U-shaped magnetically permeable frame 1.
  • a pin hole 14 is provided in the intermediate portion 13 of the magnetic permeable frame 1.
  • the frame 1 can be easily formed by bending a strip material.
  • the trip mechanism further includes a coil holder 7 including a base 71, a frame support portion 72, and a coil support portion 73 that connects the base 71 and the frame support portion 72.
  • the intermediate portion 13 of the magnetic permeable frame 1 is supported by the frame support portion 72, and the ends of the two legs 11, 12 of the magnetic permeable frame 1 are fixed to the base 71 of the coil bobbin 7.
  • the trip mechanism further includes a pin 2 that is axially displaceably disposed on the two legs 11, 12 There is also passed through the pin hole 24 and has a first end 21 adjacent the pin hole 14 and a second end 22 remote from the pin hole 14.
  • the pin 2 is also located in a through hole 75 formed through the entire coil holder 7 (see FIG. 4) and is axially movable in the through hole 75.
  • a guide ring 8 such as plastic may be provided to support and guide the pin 2.
  • a spring 5 is placed on the pin 2 along its axial direction. The spring 5 is fixed at one end to a slot in the pin 2 for fixed connection with respect to the pin 2, and the other end abuts against the end face of the through hole 75 in the coil holder 7.
  • the spring 5 acts as a biasing mechanism for providing a force in the first direction to the pin 2, wherein the first direction is from the second end 22 of the pin 2 towards the first end 21 along the axial direction of the pin 2.
  • the trip mechanism also includes a coil 6 that surrounds the pin 2 and is located between the two legs 11, 12 of the magnetically permeable frame 1. Specifically, the coil 6 is wound around the periphery of the coil support portion 73 of the coil bobbin 7 for generating an induced magnetic field when an electric current is supplied.
  • the trip mechanism also includes a magnetically permeable plate 3 coupled to the free ends of the two legs 11, 12 of the frame to form a magnetically conductive circuit in combination with the magnetically permeable frame.
  • the magnetically permeable plate 3 is fitted into a magnetically permeable plate mounting groove on the base 71 of the coil bobbin 7 to be accurately and securely positioned relative to the coil bobbin 7.
  • the free ends of each of the two legs 11, 12 of the magnetically permeable frame 1 have two resilient mating portions 16 defined by the slots 15, which The elastic fitting portion 16 has a certain elasticity due to its small cross-sectional size and large length.
  • a pair of mounting holes 74 are formed in the base 71 of the coil bobbin 7. The two elastic fitting portions 16 of the free ends of each of the two legs 11, 12 of the magnetic permeable frame 1 are elastically fitted into the mounting holes 74, respectively.
  • the mounting hole 74 is sized such that the width in the direction of alignment of the two resilient mating portions 16 along each leg 11 or 12 is slightly less than or exactly equal to the width of the leg in that direction so that when the leg ends are to be When the elastic fitting portion 16 is inserted into the mounting hole 74, the mounting holes 74 can press the two elastic fitting portions 16 spaced apart from each other at the end of each leg to be bent and deformed relative to each other, thereby realizing the legs 11 and 12 and the coil holder 7 An elastic press fit between the bases 71.
  • the magnetic conductive plate 3 is formed with a step portion 31 having a narrow width at both ends, and the step portion 31 projects into the mounting hole 74 (see Figs. 1-2).
  • the step portion 31 on each side is located exactly two of the insertion holes 74. This is clearly shown in Figure 5 in the slot 15 between the resilient mating portions 16. Therefore, when the two elastic fitting portions 16 in the pressing holes of the mounting hole 74 are bent toward each other, the elastic fitting portion 16 will be forced to clamp the step portion 31 therebetween, thereby realizing the two legs 11 of the magnetic conductive frame 1
  • the trip mechanism further includes a permanent magnet 4 coupled to the magnetically permeable plate 3.
  • the permanent magnets 4 are preferably at least two permanent magnets symmetrically distributed about the axis of the pin 2 to provide a magnetic field that is symmetrical about the axis of the pin 2 to prevent the pin 2 from being tilted by magnetic forces in directions other than the axial direction.
  • the permanent magnets 4 are two permanent magnets of the same material, size and shape which are arranged symmetrically about the axis of the pin 2 on either side of the pin 2. It should be understood that other numbers of permanent magnets 4, such as three or four, may also be provided.
  • the two permanent magnets 4 are mounted in permanent magnet mounting grooves (see FIGS.
  • the two permanent magnets 4 are directly coupled to the magnetic conductive plate 3 by magnetic attraction or by gluing or the like to guide the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 4 to the magnetic conductive plate 3. It should be understood that the permanent magnet 4 can be coupled to either side of the magnetically permeable plate 3. Since the permanent magnets 4 are provided in a plurality of separate bodies, the shape of each of the permanent magnets is simple and easy to manufacture, and it is easy to obtain different magnetic field distributions by adjusting the positions between the permanent magnets, which makes the tripping mechanisms of different specifications. The design and manufacturing are more flexible and efficient, further reducing costs.
  • the magnetic permeable frame 1, the pin 2 and the magnetic conductive plate 3 are made of an excellent magnetic conductive material, preferably stainless steel.
  • FIG. 1 A magnetic circuit formed of a permanent magnet and an energizing coil in the trip mechanism of the above embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 4 is guided via the magnetic conductive plate 3 to a position in the middle of the magnetic conductive plate 3 directly below the pin 2. Since the two permanent magnets 4 are arranged symmetrically about the axis of the pin 2, the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnets 4 which are conducted to the position directly below the pin 2 are superimposed in the axial direction of the pin 2, and are perpendicular to the pin 2 In the axial direction, the magnetic fields generated by the two are opposite to each other and cancel each other.
  • the pin 2 Under the action of the superimposed magnetic field generated by the two permanent magnets 4 in the axial direction, the pin 2 is magnetized to generate a magnetic field in the same direction as the superimposed magnetic field, thereby being magnetically It is adsorbed on the magnetic conductive plate 3.
  • the magnetic field generated by the energizing coil 6 will be formed in a magnetically permeable loop formed by each leg 11 or 12 of the magnetic permeable frame 1, the magnetically permeable plate 3 and the pin 2, which is in the pin 2
  • the axial direction is opposite to the direction of the superimposed magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 4, thereby partially canceling the axial superimposed magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 4, so that the magnetic field of the offset total magnetic field against the pin 2 will reduce.
  • the structures of the magnetic permeable frame 1 and the coil bobbin 7 are suitable for precise manufacture, and the magnetic permeable frame 1 can be accurately positioned and mounted with respect to the coil bobbin 7, the gap between the pin hole 14 and the pin 2 on the magnetic permeable frame 1 It is also possible to obtain precise control so that the gap can be as small as possible without hindering the movement of the pin 2, thereby reducing the magnetic resistance between the magnetic permeable frame 1 and the pin 2 which also constitute the magnetic circuit, thereby The coil provides a large induced magnetic field.
  • the compressed spring 5 supplies the pin 2 with a spring restoring force in the axial direction from the second end 22 of the pin 2 toward the first end 21 (ie, a force opposite to the direction of the magnetic attraction), since the permanent magnet 4 is opposite the pin The magnetic attraction of 2 is slightly larger than the spring restoring force, and the pin 2 will remain in the locked position adsorbed to the magnetic conductive plate 3 (as shown in Fig. 7A). At this time, the trip mechanism does not operate and the working circuit is normally turned on.
  • the leakage detecting unit detects the leakage and passes through the coil circuit of the controller wire tripping mechanism to charge the coil 6. Due to the passage of current in the coil 6, an induced magnetic field is generated in the magnetically permeable loop formed by each leg 11 or 12 of the magnetically permeable frame 1 around the coil 6 and the magnetically permeable plate 3 and the pin 2. The direction of the induced magnetic field in the axial position of the pin 2 is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field in which the pin 2 is magnetized by the permanent magnet 4, and thus the induced magnetic field will partially cancel the magnetic field magnetized by the permanent magnet 4 of the pin 2.
  • the cancelled magnetic field will make The magnetic attraction of the magnetic plate 3 to the pin 2 is reduced to be smaller than the spring restoring force of the spring 5 to the pin 2. At this time, the pin 2 will move in the first direction under the action of the spring restoring force, so that the first end 21 of the pin 2 protrudes beyond the frame 1 for a longer distance, thereby triggering the action of the switch mechanism engaged with the trip mechanism, To turn off the working circuit where leakage occurs.
  • the magnitude of the induced magnetic field generated is extremely limited, which can only be used to offset the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 4 to the pin 2.
  • the suction force is slightly larger than the portion of the spring restoring force to make the spring restoring force larger than the magnetic attraction force. Due to the tight and reliable engagement between the magnetically permeable frame 1 and the magnetically permeable plate 3 in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the precise gap control between the components constituting the magnetic permeable loop, the entire magnetic permeability loop is smaller.
  • the gas gap avoids the generation of large reluctance between them, thereby ensuring that the maximum induced magnetic field is generated with the same coil current to ensure that the action of the pin 2 is reliably triggered in the event of a leakage.
  • the magnetic circuit of the structure has a smaller magnetic resistance, the trip mechanism requires less trip power. You can design a better leakage protection product.
  • the magnetic permeable frame 1 is of an open structure, it surrounds the coil 6 only in one direction, and therefore, even if the number of turns of the coil 6 is increased to make the coil 6 large, the trip mechanism is not made without the frame.
  • the size of the open side of 1 is excessively increased (because there is no frame or thickness of the outer casing on the open side). In this way, a larger coil can be provided for the trip mechanism to increase sensitivity or reliability while still ensuring that it is sized for installation.
  • the frame 1 of the trip mechanism of the present disclosure can be formed only by bending a strip or sheet material, which is simple in process and low in scrap rate, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.
  • the manufacturing and assembly precision of the trip mechanism of the present disclosure is relatively advanced.
  • the precision of press forming and mating in the technology is higher, and thus the trip mechanism of the present disclosure can achieve higher reliability and higher sensitivity in mass production.
  • the assembly of the components in the trip mechanism by the coil holder 7 also makes the assembly of the trip mechanism extremely simple and reliable.
  • spacers may be provided in the permanent magnet mounting slots of the coil bobbin 7 to adjust the distance of the permanent magnet 4 relative to the axis of the pin 2,
  • the magnetic field distribution of the permanent magnet 4 is changed such that the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 4 becomes larger or smaller toward the pin 2 to adjust the magnitude of the induced magnetic field (corresponding to the trip current) required to partially cancel the suction.
  • different sizes of trip units can be assembled using universal parts, which reduces manufacturing costs and makes adjustments to a single trip unit easier.
  • FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate a trip mechanism in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • This embodiment differs from the previous embodiment in that no permanent magnets are provided in the trip mechanism.
  • the coil When the circuit is working normally, the coil is not energized, and the pin 2 only extends out of the magnetic conductive frame 1 under the action of the spring 5 (the spring 5 is naturally extended), but the pin 2 does not trigger the switching mechanism action at this time. (as shown in Figure 8A).
  • the coil 6 of the trip mechanism (not shown in FIGS. 8A-8B) is charged, and the generated induced magnetic field generates a magnetic attraction force to the pin 2, so that the pin 2 faces the compression spring against the resistance of the spring 5.
  • the directional movement that is, the pin 2 is retracted into the frame 1.
  • the boss 23 of the first end 21 of the pin 2 drives the switching mechanism in the retracted motion, thereby shutting down the working circuit (as shown in Figure 8B).
  • the trip mechanism of this embodiment has a magnetic circuit structure similar to that of the previous embodiment, and thus has the same advantageous technical effects as the previous embodiment.
  • the trip mechanism of the present disclosure is suitable for use in a leakage protector.
  • the leakage protector includes a switch mechanism and a trip mechanism of the present disclosure, wherein the coil 6 of the trip mechanism is electrically connected to the working circuit to which the leakage protector is connected, and the trip mechanism cooperates with the switch mechanism such that when a leakage occurs, the coil 6 is energized to trigger the action of the switching mechanism to cut off the working circuit, thereby achieving the function of leakage protection.
  • the leakage protector can be various electrical components such as a leakage protection switch, a leakage protection relay, and a leakage protection socket.
  • the free end of the magnetically permeable frame 1 can be tightly coupled to the magnetically permeable plate by various known fastening means, such as snap-fit connections, threaded connections, and the like.

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Abstract

一种脱扣机构，包括：导磁框架(1)，其具有两个支腿(11，12)和连接两个支腿(11，12)的中间部分(13)；销(2)，可轴向移动地设置在所述两个支腿(11，12)之间；导磁板(3)，耦合到两个支腿(11，12)的自由端；偏压机构(5)，用于向销(2)提供作用力；以及线圈(6)，其围绕销(2)并位于导磁框架(1)的两个支腿(11，12)之间。还提供一种漏电保护器。该脱扣机构及漏电保护器制造成本更低，批量生产时，质量更可靠，脱扣功率更小，并且易于调节。

Description

脱扣机构及漏电保护器 技术领域
本公开的各实施方式涉及漏电保护器领域，尤其涉及漏电保护器中的的脱扣机构。
背景技术
漏电保护器是一种安全装置，其用于在设备发生漏电故障时断开工作电路，以保护设备和人身安全。漏电保护器监测漏电信号。当漏电大小达到脱扣阀值后。内部脱扣机构动作，触发开关机构动作，从而关断工作电流，实现漏电保护功能。脱扣机构动作所需要的能量，有的来自于主回路，有的来自于电路中电容储存的能量，有的直接来及于漏电电流的能量。在漏电产品设计中，在相同产品性能下，脱扣机构动作需要的功率越小越好。
漏电保护器中的脱扣机构是实现漏电保护器反应的重要部件。现有的一种漏电保护器的脱扣机构位于封闭的筒状壳体中，其通过冲压工艺形成该筒状壳体，并在将其余零件装入该壳体中后，再次通过挤压而使该筒状壳体与内部零件之间固定配合，以使内部零件定位。由于冲压工艺容易导致壳体开裂，这种制造工艺的废品率高，从而导致制造成本较高。而且，这种脱扣机构通常使用一块环形永磁体为脱扣机构中的运动元件提供锁定磁力。该环形永磁体通常难以加工因而也导致脱扣机构的成本上升。
该类型的脱扣机构，在发生漏电时，其中的线圈带电，从而产生一个和其中的永磁体反向的磁场，以抵消部分永磁体的磁场，使得永磁体对运动元件的吸力减小。当吸力小于弹簧的回复力时，弹簧推动运动元件动作而实现脱扣机构动作。
相同线圈电流的前提下，线圈产生的磁场大小和线圈的匝数及周围磁回路的磁阻相关。设计时，为增加线圈电流产生的磁场，可以增加线圈匝数。但线圈匝数的增加，会增加线圈阻抗，从而使脱扣功率上升。 另外，上述筒状壳体结构的脱扣机构由于其横截面为圆形，其径向尺寸不能设计得过大以避免造成过大的整体尺寸而妨碍安装，因此也不能为该脱扣机构设置匝数过多的线圈，从而导致其产生的感应磁场有限。
而且，由于挤压配合的精度不高，圆弧形壳体壁与其中的导磁零件的接触可能不够紧密，从而导致其形成导磁回路的各零件配合时，具有较大的气体间隙，从而使磁回路中具有较大的磁阻，这也将减弱由线圈中的电流引起的感应磁场强度。
上述两个因素都导致产生相应电磁场时，需要较大的电流，从而使该脱扣机构需要较大的脱扣功率。因此，上述现有技术的脱扣机构可能无法可靠地用于需要脱扣机构脱扣功率很小的工作场合。
另一方面，漏电保护产品在设计时，需要不同脱扣功率的脱扣机构。而前述现有技术中的脱扣机构中由于使用一块环形永磁体，其相对于运动元件的磁场分布很难调节，因此需要对不同灵敏度要求的脱扣机构设计不同的永磁体以及其不同的安装结构。这使得制造不同灵敏度的脱扣机构的灵活性降低并导致成本上升。
因此，人们希望脱扣机构采用常规零件，易于制造，装配工艺简单，从而降低脱扣机构的制造成本。同时希望减小脱扣机构的尺寸，以便能开发尺寸更为精简的漏电保护产品，以将其安装于更多的有限空间内。还希望工作电流更小、脱扣功率更小的脱扣机构，从而为开发出工作电压较低，高灵敏度的漏电保护产品提供可能。同时，还希望脱扣机构的结构更为简单，质量易于控制，从而在大批量生产时，生产的脱扣机构的脱扣功率稳定。
发明内容
鉴于上述原因，本公开的实施例提供一种脱扣机构及漏电保护器，其用于解决上述现有的脱扣机构中所存在的问题的至少一部分。
根据本公开的一方面，提供一种脱扣机构，包括：导磁框架，其具有两个支腿和连接所述两个支腿的中间部分，在所述中间部分上具 有销孔；销，可轴向移动地设置在所述两个支腿之间并穿过所述销孔，具有靠近所述销孔的第一端和远离所述销孔的第二端；导磁板，耦合到所述两个支腿的自由端；偏压机构，用于向所述销提供沿第一方向的作用力，其中所述第一方向沿着所述销的轴向从所述销的所述第二端朝向所述第一端；以及线圈，其围绕所述销并位于所述导磁框架的所述两个支腿之间。本公开的脱扣机构的框架仅通过将条状或片状材料弯折即可成形，其原材料制造及成型工艺都非常简单并且废品率低，从而降低了制造成本。并且开放的框架适于容纳更大的线圈而至少在开放侧不会导致脱扣机构的过大尺寸。
根据本公开的另一方面，该脱扣机构还包括线圈支架，导磁框架和导磁板都安装在线圈支架上。
根据本公开的另一方面，在导磁框架的两个支腿中的每个的自由端具有由开槽所限定的两个弹性配合部，在线圈支架的底座上具有一对安装孔，导磁框架的两个支腿中的每个的自由端的两个弹性配合部分别弹性配合到安装孔中并发生变形，由此使得导磁框架的两个支腿的自由端与安装在线圈支架上的导磁板紧密结合。这种安装方式使得构成导磁回路的导磁框架与导磁板之间的间隙非常小，从而有效地降低了导磁回路的磁阻，使得在相同大小的电流下线圈能够产生更大的感应磁场，从而提高了脱扣机构动作的可靠性和灵敏度。
根据本公开的另一方面，导磁板定位在线圈支架的底座上的导磁板安装槽中，导磁板在两端分别形成宽度变窄的台阶部，台阶部伸入安装孔中，从而配合到每个安装孔中的两个弹性配合部夹紧台阶部，以实现导磁框架的两个支腿的自由端与安装在线圈支架上的导磁板的紧密结合。通过这种方式，导磁框架与导磁板实现紧密结合具有较小的气体间隙，从而降低接合处的磁阻，而增大感应磁场，使得脱扣机构的动作更加可靠，并使得脱扣机构具有较小的脱扣功率。也可以通过各种已知的紧固连接方式将导磁框架的自由端与导磁板紧密连接在一起，例如卡扣连接、螺纹连接等。
根据本公开的另一方面，线圈支架具有用于固定导磁框架的中间 部分的框架支撑部。
根据本公开的另一方面，该脱扣机构还包括耦合到导磁板的永磁体，永磁体为关于销的轴线对称分布的至少两个永磁体。永磁体为长方体、正方体等常见形状。这使得永磁体的制造变得简单，从而降低成本。对称布置的永磁体使得销受到的磁吸力仅沿着其轴向方向，从而避免了发生倾斜。
根据本公开的另一方面，永磁体定位在线圈支架的底座上的永磁体安装槽中。
根据本公开的另一方面，在线圈支架的永磁体安装槽中还设有间隔物，以调节永磁体相对于销的轴线的距离。这使得能够通过调整永磁铁之间的位置而获得不同的磁场分布以适应不同的灵敏度要求，使得不同规格的脱扣机构的设计和制造更加灵活高效，从而进一步降低成本。
由于本公开的脱扣机构中的零件都通过与线圈支架配合来定位，而线圈支架可由模具成型等方式精确成形，因此，本公开的脱扣机构的制造及装配精度相对于现有技术中的冲压成形及配合的精度更高。因此，构成导磁回路的各零件之间的间隙将更小，从而导致导磁回路的磁阻更小。因而本公开的脱扣机构能够达到更高的可靠性和更小的脱扣功率。而且，由于制造和装配精度提高，在大批量生产时，该脱扣机构的质量更易于控制，其脱扣功率将更加稳定。
根据本公开的另一方面，导磁框架、销和导磁板为不锈钢材质，以实现良好的导磁性能。导磁框架、销和导磁板也可以为其他导磁材料材质。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种漏电保护器，包括开关机构和前述的任一项的脱扣机构，其中脱扣机构的线圈电连接到漏电保护器所连接的工作电路，脱扣机构与开关机构配合以使得当发生漏电时，线圈通电以触发开关机构动作以切断工作电路。
附图说明
当结合附图阅读下文对示范性实施方式的详细描述时，这些以及其他目的、特征和优点将变得显而易见，在附图中：
图1是根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构的剖视图；
图2是根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构的分解视图；
图3是根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构的立体图；
图4是根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构的线圈支架的剖视图；
图5是根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构的立体图，其中去除了线圈和线圈支架；
图6示出了根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构的磁回路；
图7A示出了处于锁定位置的根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构；
图7B示出了处于脱扣位置的根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构；
图8A-8B示出了根据本公开的另一个实施方式的脱扣机构，其中在图8A中，脱扣机构处于锁定位置，在图8B中，脱扣机构处于脱扣位置。
具体实施方式
现在将仅通过示例性方式来详细地描述本公开的各种实施方式。
参考图1-3，其示出了根据本公开的一个实施方式的脱扣机构。该脱扣机构包括：导磁框架1，其具有两个支腿11、12和连接所述两个支腿11、12的中间部分13，优选形成U形的导磁框架1。在导磁框架1的中间部分13上具有销孔14。可以通过弯折条状材料而容易地形成该框架1。
该脱扣机构还包括线圈支架7，该线圈支架7包括底座71、框架支撑部72和连接底座71与框架支撑部72的线圈支撑部73。导磁框架1的中间部分13由该框架支撑部72支撑，而导磁框架1的两个支腿11、12末端则固定到线圈支架7的底座71。
该脱扣机构还包括销2，其可轴向移动地设置在两个支腿11、12 之间并穿过销孔24，并具有靠近所述销孔14的第一端21和远离所述销孔14的第二端22。该销2还位于贯穿整个线圈支架7而形成的通孔75中(参见图4)并可在该通孔75中轴向移动。可以提供例如塑料的引导环8来支撑并导向销2。在销2上沿其轴向套设有一弹簧5。该弹簧5一端固定到销2上的卡槽中以相对于销2固定连接，另一端抵接到线圈支架7中的通孔75的端面。该弹簧5作为偏压机构用于向销2提供沿第一方向的作用力，其中该第一方向沿着销2的轴向从销2的第二端22朝向第一端21。
该脱扣机构还包括线圈6，其围绕销2并位于导磁框架1的两个支腿11、12之间。具体地，该线圈6缠绕在线圈支架7的线圈支撑部73外围，以用于在通入电流时产生感应磁场。
该脱扣机构还包括导磁板3，其耦合到框架的两个支腿11、12的自由端，以与导磁框架结合形成导磁回路。参见图1和4，导磁板3配合到线圈支架7的底座71上的导磁板安装槽中，以相对于线圈支架7准确牢固地定位。
参见图5，在根据本公开的一个实施方式中，在导磁框架1的两个支腿11、12中的每个的自由端具有由开槽15所限定的两个弹性配合部16，该弹性配合部16由于具有较小的截面尺寸和较大的长度而具有一定的弹性。在线圈支架7的底座71上具有一对安装孔74。导磁框架1的两个支腿11、12中的每个的自由端的两个弹性配合部16分别弹性配合到安装孔74中。该安装孔74的尺寸设置为其在沿每条支腿11或12上的两个弹性配合部16的排列方向上宽度略小于或刚好等于支腿在该方向的宽度，从而当将支腿末端的弹性配合部16插入安装孔74时，安装孔74能挤压每条支腿末端的相互间隔的两个弹性配合部16相对彼此发生弯曲变形，从而实现支腿11和12与线圈支架7的底座71之间的弹性挤压配合。
导磁板3在两端分别形成宽度变窄的台阶部31，台阶部31伸入安装孔74中(参见附图1-2)。当将支腿11或12末端的弹性配合部16插入安装孔74时，每侧的台阶部31正好位于插入孔74中的两个 弹性配合部16之间的开槽15中，这在图5中清楚地示出。因此，当安装孔74挤压孔中的两个弹性配合部16朝向彼此弯曲时，该弹性配合部16将被迫夹紧其间的台阶部31，从而实现导磁框架1的两个支腿11、12的自由端与安装在线圈支架7上的导磁板3之间的紧密结合。该紧密结合对于形成驱动销2动作的磁回路是有利的，这将在后面介绍。
在一个实施方式中，该脱扣机构还包括耦合到导磁板3的永磁体4。永磁体4优选为关于销2的轴线对称分布的至少两个永磁体，以提供关于销2的轴线对称的磁场，以避免销2受到除轴线方向以外的其他方向的磁力影响而倾斜。在图1-5所示的实施方式中，该永磁体4为相同材质、大小和形状的两块永磁体，其关于销2的轴线对称地布置在销2的两侧。应当理解，也可以设置其它数量的永磁体4，例如三块或四块。该两个永磁体4安装在线圈支架7的底座71上的永磁体安装槽中(参见附图1和4)以相对于线圈支架7和销2定位。而且，该两个永磁体4直接通过磁力吸附或通过胶粘等方式耦合到导磁板3，以将永磁体4的磁场引导到导磁板3上。应当理解，该永磁体4可以耦合到导磁板3的任一侧。由于将永磁铁4设置为分体的多个，使得每个永磁体的形状简单而便于制造，并且容易通过调整永磁铁之间的位置而获得不同的磁场分布，这使得不同规格的脱扣机构的设计和制造更加灵活高效，从而进一步降低成本。
为了实现导磁和产生磁力，导磁框架1、销2和导磁板3都由优良的导磁材料制成，优选为不锈钢材质。
图6中示出了上述实施方式的脱扣机构中由永磁体和通电线圈形成的磁回路。由永磁体4产生的磁场经由导磁板3引导到导磁板3中间位于销2的正下方的位置。由于两个永磁体4是关于销2的轴对称布置的，两个永磁体4传导到销2的正下方的位置的磁场在沿销2的轴向方向上叠加，而在垂直于销2的轴向方向上由于二者产生的磁场方向相反因而相互抵消。在两个永磁体4产生的沿轴向的叠加磁场的作用下，销2被磁化以产生与叠加磁场相同方向的磁场，从而被磁力 吸附在导磁板3上。另一方面，由通电线圈6所产生的磁场将形成在由导磁框架1的每个支腿11或12、导磁板3和销2所构成的导磁回路中，该磁场方向在销2的轴向上与由永磁体4所产生的轴向的叠加磁场方向相反，因而部分抵消由永磁体4所产生的轴向的叠加磁场，从而该抵消后的总磁场对销2的磁吸力将降低。由于导磁框架1的每个支腿11或12与导磁板3之间的紧密结合，其间只有较小的气体间隙，因此，二者形成的导磁回路中在接合位置处的磁阻较小，由于较小的磁阻，所以，在相同电流大小和线圈匝数下，线圈能提供较大的感应磁场。相对来说，这能降低该脱扣机构的脱扣功率。另外，由于导磁框架1和线圈支架7的结构适于精确制造，并且导磁框架1能够相对于线圈支架7精确定位安装，因此导磁框架1上的销孔14与销2之间的间隙也能够得到精确地控制，使得该间隙在不妨碍销2的运动的情况下能够尽可能地小，从而降低了同样构成导磁回路的导磁框架1与销2之间的磁阻，进而使得线圈能提供较大的感应磁场。
下面将结合附图7A-7B介绍该脱扣机构的工作原理。在正常状态下，工作电路中没有发生漏电时，线圈6(图7A-7B中未示出)中没有电流流过，因而也不产生感应磁场。仅有永磁体4所产生的磁场将销2磁吸附到导磁板3上。此时，弹簧5的固定到销2的一端被销2带动而位于较低的位置，从而弹簧5被压缩。虽然被压缩的弹簧5向销2提供沿轴向从销2的第二端22朝向第一端21的方向的弹簧回复力(即与磁吸力方向相反的力)，但是由于永磁体4对销2的磁吸力略大于该弹簧回复力，销2将仍保持在吸附到导磁板3上的锁定位置(如图7A所示)。此时，脱扣机构不动作，工作电路正常接通。
当工作电路中发生漏电时，由漏电检测机构检测到漏电并通过控制器导线脱扣机构的线圈回路，使线圈6带电。由于线圈6中有电流通过，在线圈6周围的由导磁框架1的每个支腿11或12、导磁板3和销2所构成的导磁回路中将产生感应磁场。该感应磁场在销2的轴向位置的方向与销2被永磁体4所磁化的磁场方向相反，因而该感应磁场将部分抵消销2被永磁体4所磁化的磁场。被抵消后的磁场将使 得导磁板3对销2的磁吸力减小到小于弹簧5对销2的弹簧回复力。此时，销2将在弹簧回复力的作用下朝向第一方向运动，使得销2的第一端21伸出框架1之外更长距离，从而触发与该脱扣机构配合的开关机构动作，以关断该发生漏电的工作电路。
从上述介绍可以看出，由于线圈中电流的大小有限以及脱扣机构的线圈匝数有限，所产生的感应磁场的大小也极为有限，其仅能用于抵消掉永磁体4对销2的磁吸力略大于弹簧回复力的部分而使弹簧回复力变得大于磁吸力。由于本公开的实施方式中的导磁框架1与导磁板3之间的紧密可靠的接合方式，以及构成导磁回路的各零件之间的精确的间隙控制，导致整个导磁回路中较小的气体间隙，从而避免了其间产生大的磁阻，从而能够保证以同样的线圈电流产生最大的感应磁场，以保证在发生漏电时可靠地触发销2的动作。而且，由于该结构的磁回路具有更小的磁阻，该脱扣机构需要较小的脱扣功率。可以设计出性能更好的漏电保护产品。另一方面，由于导磁框架1为开放结构，其仅在一个方向包围线圈6，因此，即使将线圈6的匝数增加，使线圈6变大，也不会使得该脱扣机构在没有框架1的开放侧的尺寸过分增大(因为在开放侧没有框架或外壳的厚度)。这样，能够为脱扣机构设置更大的线圈以提高灵敏度或可靠性，同时仍保证其尺寸适于安装。
另外，本公开的脱扣机构的框架1仅通过将条状或片状材料弯折即可成形，其工艺简单并且废品率低，从而降低了制造成本。
另外，由于本公开的脱扣机构中的零件都通过与线圈支架7配合来定位，而线圈支架7可由模具等方式精确成形，因此，本公开的脱扣机构的制造及装配精度相对于现有技术中的冲压成形及配合的精度更高，因而本公开的脱扣机构能够在大批量生产时达到更高的可靠性和适于更高的灵敏度。而且，通过线圈支架7来定位脱扣机构中的各零件的装配方式也使得该脱扣机构的装配极为简单可靠。装配时，只需将各零件定位到线圈支架7上相应的定位槽、孔或支撑部上，然后通过将框架1的自由端卡紧在线圈支架7上的安装孔74中，即可 将所有零件相对于线圈支架7固定定位，从而完成装配。
为了制造适用于不同灵敏度要求(即不同脱扣功率)的脱扣装置，可以通过在线圈支架7的永磁体安装槽中设置间隔物，以调节永磁体4相对于销2的轴线的距离，来改变永磁体4的磁场分布，使得该永磁体4的磁场对销2的吸力变大或变小，以调节部分抵消该吸力所需的感应磁场(对应于脱扣电流)的大小。这样，不同规格的脱扣装置可以使用通用的零件组装，这降低了制造成本，并使得对于单个脱扣装置的调节也更为简单。
图8A-8B示出了根据本公开的另一个实施方式的脱扣机构。该实施方式与前述实施方式的区别在于，在脱扣机构中不提供永磁体。在电路正常工作时，线圈并不带电，销2仅在弹簧5的作用下(此时弹簧5自然伸长)最大程度地伸出导磁框架1，但此时销2并不触发开关机构动作(如附图8A所示)。当工作电路中发生漏电时，脱扣机构的线圈6(图8A-8B中未示出)带电，产生的感应磁场对销2产生磁吸力，使得销2克服弹簧5的阻力而朝着压缩弹簧的方向运动，即销2向框架1中退缩。销2的第一端21的凸台23在退缩的运动中带动开关机构动作，从而关断工作电路(如附图8B所示)。该实施方式的脱扣机构具有与前一实施方式类似的导磁回路结构，因而具有与前一实施方式同样的有利技术效果。
本公开的脱扣机构适用于漏电保护器中。这种漏电保护器包括开关机构和本公开的脱扣机构，其中脱扣机构的线圈6电连接到漏电保护器所连接的工作电路，脱扣机构与开关机构配合以使得当发生漏电时，线圈6通电以触发所述开关机构动作以切断所述工作电路，从而达到漏电保护的功能。该漏电保护器可以是漏电保护开关、漏电保护继电器、漏电保护插座等各种电气组件。
应当了解，出于方便描述的目的，本文基于脱扣机构的销竖直放置的方位进行描述。本文中的“上、下、左、右”的方向都是基于该定位而描述的。显然，根据需要，该脱扣机构可以以各种朝向进行布置。而本文中所述的各特征之间的“上、下、左、右”的方向性描述 都将随着脱扣机构放置朝向的变化而相应的变化，但各特征之间的相对位置关系将不会变化。
已经出于示出和描述的目的给出了本公开的说明书，但是其并不意在是穷举或者限制于所公开形式。本领域技术人员可以想到很多修改和变体。例如，可以通过各种已知的紧固连接方式将导磁框架1的自由端与导磁板紧密连接在一起，例如卡扣连接、螺纹连接等。
因此，实施方式是为了更好地说明本公开的原理、实际应用以及使本领域技术人员中的其他人员能够理解以下内容而选择和描述的，即，在不脱离本公开精神的前提下，做出的所有修改和替换都将落入所附权利要求定义的本公开保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种脱扣机构，包括：
    导磁框架(1)，其具有两个支腿(11，12)和连接所述两个支腿(11，12)的中间部分(13)，在所述中间部分(13)上具有销孔(14)；
    销(2)，可轴向移动地设置在所述两个支腿(11，12)之间并穿过所述销孔(14)，具有靠近所述销孔(14)的第一端(21)和远离所述销孔(14)的第二端(22)；
    导磁板(3)，耦合到所述两个支腿(11，12)的自由端；
    偏压机构(5)，用于向所述销(2)提供沿第一方向的作用力，其中所述第一方向沿着所述销(2)的轴向从所述销(2)的所述第二端(22)朝向所述第一端(21)；以及
    线圈(6)，其围绕所述销(2)并位于所述导磁框架(1)的所述两个支腿(11，12)之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的脱扣机构，其中，还包括线圈支架(7)，所述导磁框架(1)和所述导磁板(3)都安装在所述线圈支架(7)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的脱扣机构，其中，在所述导磁框架(1)的所述两个支腿(11，12)中的每个的自由端具有由开槽(15)所限定的两个弹性配合部(16)，在所述线圈支架(7)的底座(71)上具有一对安装孔(74)，所述导磁框架(1)的所述两个支腿(11，12)中的每个的自由端的两个弹性配合部(16)分别弹性配合到所述安装孔(74)中并发生变形，由此使得所述导磁框架(1)的所述两个支腿(11，12)的自由端与安装在所述线圈支架(7)上的导磁板(3)紧密结合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的脱扣机构，其中，所述导磁板(3)定位在所述线圈支架(7)的所述底座上的导磁板安装槽中，所述导磁板(3)在两端分别形成宽度变窄的台阶部(31)，所述台阶部(31)伸入所述安装孔(74)中，从而配合到每个所述安装孔(74)中的两 个弹性配合部(16)夹紧所述台阶部(31)，以实现所述导磁框架(1)的所述两个支腿(11，12)的自由端与安装在所述线圈支架(7)上的导磁板(3)的紧密结合。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的脱扣机构，其中，所述线圈支架(7)具有用于固定所述导磁框架(1)的中间部分(13)的框架支撑部(72)。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的脱扣机构，其中，还包括耦合到所述导磁板(3)的永磁体(4)，所述永磁体(4)为关于所述销(2)的轴线对称分布的至少两个永磁体。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的脱扣机构，其中，所述永磁体(4)定位在所述线圈支架(7)的所述底座(71)上的永磁体安装槽中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的脱扣机构，其中，在所述线圈支架(7)的所述永磁体安装槽中还设有间隔物，以调节所述永磁体(4)相对于所述销(2)的轴线的距离。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的脱扣机构，其中，所述导磁框架(1)、所述销(2)和所述导磁板(3)为不锈钢材质。
  10. 一种漏电保护器，包括开关机构和根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的脱扣机构，其中所述脱扣机构的所述线圈(6)电连接到所述漏电保护器所连接的工作电路，所述脱扣机构与所述开关机构配合以使得当发生漏电时，所述线圈(6)通电以触发所述开关机构动作以切断所述工作电路。
PCT/CN2015/081369 2014-06-13 2015-06-12 脱扣机构及漏电保护器 Ceased WO2015188783A1 (zh)

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