WO2015188365A1

WO2015188365A1 - Antenna calibration method and device used in large-scale mimo wireless communication system

Info

Publication number: WO2015188365A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/079814
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李栋; 蔡立羽; 吴克颖; 龚朝华
Original assignee: 上海贝尔股份有限公司
Priority date: 2014-06-13
Filing date: 2014-06-13
Publication date: 2015-12-17
Also published as: CN106105064B; CN106105064A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna calibration method used in a base station in a large-scale MIMO wireless communication system. The method includes: dividing an antenna system in the base station into at least two antenna array modules, wherein the at least two antenna array modules respectively comprise a first calibration antenna and at least one ordinary antenna correlated with the first calibration antenna, and the first calibration antenna is respectively connected with the at least one ordinary antenna via a first coupling circuit, in order to implement first stage calibration to obtain a first calibration factor to calibrate the at least one ordinary antenna correlated with the first calibration antenna; and performing second stage calibration for the first calibration antenna to obtain a second calibration factor to calibrate the first calibration antenna. In addition, the present invention also relates to an antenna device. Performing calibration for antennas by stages according to the method and device of the present invention reduces complexity of traditional self-calibration coupling circuits and overhead of calibration pilot frequency and feedback based on air transport on one hand, and also effectively supports modularization design and extensibility of large-scale antennas on the other hand.

Description

In large-scale MIMO wireless communication systems

Antenna calibration method and device used

The present invention relates to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to a large scale

An antenna calibration method and apparatus for use in a MIMO wireless communication system. Background technique

Mobile data services are exponentially growing due to the popularity of smartphones, tablets and applications that require large amounts of data, and are expected to increase by a factor of 18 in the next five years. In response to such a mobile data tsunami, operators will take steps to increase mobile network capacity to a greater extent. One possible measure is to use a large-scale MIMO system to achieve large capacity provided by the enormous spatial freedom of large-scale MIMO.

Potential problems with large-scale antennas deployed at base stations include a large amount of downlink pilot overhead and channel feedback overhead in the uplink. In time division multiplexing (TDD) systems, channel reciprocity can be used to reduce or avoid pilot and feedback overhead. However, there is a precondition for channel reciprocity that the antenna should be properly calibrated to eliminate reciprocity errors, which are typically caused by mismatches between transmitting and receiving radio components.

For antenna calibration, the commonly used techniques include self-calibration and air interface calibration.

( OTA Calibration ). For the self-calibration method, an additional calibration antenna is required and a calibration coupling circuit is required between the calibration antenna and other common antennas. Additional calibration antennas are used to calibrate other common antennas. With the aid of the OTA technique, the user estimates downlink channel state information (DL CSI ) based on the received downlink pilot, and then estimates the downlink channel state information and the uplink pilot signal (or It is a sounding signal) that is fed back to the base station through a single uplink or an uplink airflot in a single coherence time, after which the base station will derive a calibration factor based on the obtained feedback.

For TDD systems with massive MIMO, the usual self-calibration solution or OTA solution will have some problems and shortcomings. For example, when When using a self-calibrating solution, when the number of antennas is very large (for example, 128 or more), the coupling circuit between the calibrated antenna and the normal antenna will be too complicated; for the OTA solution The downlink pilot overhead and the feedback overhead of the DL CSI fed back by the user equipment UE may be too large to be tolerated in an actual system (for example, 128 antennas are installed on the base station side, and the user has one antenna for each channel). The real and imaginary parts use 8-bit quantization, then the uplink air interface must be fed back 128*2*8=2048 bits). Summary of the invention

In light of the above understanding of the background art and the technical problems that exist, the disclosure of the present invention aims to propose a new technical solution to solve the antenna calibration problem for large-scale MIMO.

A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for antenna calibration in a base station in a large-scale MIMO wireless communication system, comprising:

Dividing the antenna system in the base station into at least two antenna array modules, wherein the at least two antenna array modules respectively include a first calibration antenna and at least one common antenna associated therewith and the first calibration antenna Connecting to the at least one common antenna by means of a first coupling circuit to perform a first phase calibration by the first calibration antenna to obtain a first calibration factor to calibrate the at least one common antenna associated therewith;

Performing a second stage calibration on the first calibration antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules results in a second calibration factor to calibrate the first calibration antenna.

The phased calibration of the antenna in the base station in the massive MIMO wireless communication system according to the method of the present invention reduces the complexity of the conventional self-calibrated coupling circuit and the calibration pilot and feedback overhead based on the air interface transmission. On the other hand, it also effectively supports the modular design and scalability of large-scale antennas.

In an embodiment in accordance with the invention, the first phase calibration is self-calibration.

In an implementation form according to the invention, the first calibration antenna passes through The first coupling circuit transmits a first calibration sequence signal to the at least one common antenna and receives a second calibration sequence signal from the at least one common antenna through the first coupling circuit. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the first calibration sequence signal and the second calibration sequence signal herein can be the same calibration sequence signal and can also be different calibration sequence signals.

In an implementation form according to the present invention, the base station further includes a second calibration antenna, wherein the second calibration antenna is respectively included with the at least two antenna array modules by means of a second coupling circuit A calibration antenna is coupled to perform the second phase calibration by self-calibration by the second calibration antenna to calibrate the first calibration antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules. Since both the first stage calibration and the second stage calibration use self-calibration instead of air interface calibration, the overhead caused by the feedback of the air gap is avoided, and communication resources are saved. In addition, since the antenna system is calibrated in stages, the coupling is performed. The complexity of the circuit is greatly reduced.

In an implementation form according to the invention, the number of the second calibration antennas is at least two and the base station further comprises a third calibration antenna, the third calibration antenna being respectively and at least respectively by means of a third coupling circuit Two second calibration antennas are coupled to perform a third phase calibration by self-calibration by the third calibration antenna to calibrate the at least two second calibration antennas.

In an implementation form according to the present invention, the base station is in communication with a user equipment and the first calibration antenna has a physical transceiver antenna array module, and the first calibration antenna communicates with the user equipment to pass The air interface is calibrated to perform a second phase calibration to calibrate the first calibration antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules.

In an implementation form according to the present invention, the physical transceiver antenna array module is associated with a radio frequency switch, and the radio frequency switch is configured to disconnect the physical when performing the first stage calibration The antenna array module is transceivable and the physical transceiver antenna array module is turned on when the second stage calibration is performed.

In an implementation form according to the present invention, the base station is in communication with a user equipment and the first calibration antenna does not have a physical transceiver antenna array module. Selecting one common antenna from at least one common antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules as a virtual calibration antenna of the antenna array module to which the antenna array module belongs and transmitting the port number of the virtual calibration antenna to the base station The user equipment obtains the second calibration factor by air interface calibration and corresponding transition mapping and combines it with the first calibration factor to calibrate the antenna system.

An advantage of this alternative embodiment is that no additional coupling circuitry and antennas are required, which on the one hand facilitates the modular design of the antenna system and on the other hand increases the accuracy of the self-calibration of the method used in the first stage calibration.

In an embodiment in accordance with the invention, the at least two antenna array modules have the same number of common antennas.

In an implementation form according to the present invention, the user equipment feeds back estimated channel state information and uplink sounding information to the base station in a single correlation time interval and the base station is based on the received And determining, by the downlink channel state information and the uplink channel state information calculated by the uplink sounding information, the second calibration factor, and combining the first calibration factor with the first calibration factor to calibrate the The antenna system.

Furthermore, a second aspect of the invention relates to an antenna apparatus for use in a base station in a large-scale MIMO wireless communication system, comprising:

At least two antenna array modules, wherein each of the at least two antenna array modules includes a first calibration antenna and at least one common antenna associated therewith, and the first calibration antenna is respectively coupled to the first coupling circuit ???said at least one common antenna is connected to calibrate the at least one common antenna associated therewith by the first calibration antenna;

a second calibration antenna, wherein the second calibration antenna is respectively connected to the first calibration antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules by means of a second coupling circuit to calibrate the second calibration antenna The first calibration antenna included in at least two antenna array modules is described.

The antenna device according to the present invention has a slightly changed structure compared to the conventional antenna module, that is, the new antenna device includes the second coupling circuit and the second calibration day. Line, which facilitates the self-calibration operation of the first calibration antenna by the second calibration antenna. That is to say, it is convenient to carry out the phased calibration operation, firstly calibrating the common antenna included in the antenna array module to which the first calibration antenna belongs by using the first calibration antenna, and then performing the first stage calibration by the second calibration antenna pair. The first calibrated antenna is calibrated, and a two-stage antenna calibration simplifies a single calibration operation and circuit complexity.

In an embodiment in accordance with the invention, the at least two antenna array modules have the same number of common antennas. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the same number of common antennas herein are merely a preferred embodiment, and are not limiting, that is, a different number is also feasible, but only an antenna array module of the same number of common antennas. It is more convenient for large-scale modular antenna manufacturing.

In an embodiment according to the invention, the first calibration antenna calibrates the at least one common antenna and/or the second calibration antenna associated therewith by self-calibration to calibrate the at least by self-calibration A first calibrated antenna included in the two antenna array modules.

The phased calibration of the antenna according to the method and apparatus of the present invention reduces the complexity of the conventional self-calibrated coupling circuit and the calibration pilot and feedback overhead based on air interface transmission, and effectively supports large-scale antennas. Modular design and scalability. DRAWINGS

Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the Detailed Description of Description

1 shows a schematic diagram 100 of an antenna apparatus in which a method for first stage antenna calibration in a base station in a large scale MIMO wireless communication system according to the present invention can be implemented;

2 shows a flow chart 200 of a method for antenna calibration in a base station in a large scale MIMO wireless communication system;

3 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an antenna apparatus for implementing a method for second stage antenna calibration in a base station in a massive MIMO wireless communication system 300;

4 shows a schematic diagram 400 of a second embodiment of an antenna apparatus for implementing a method for second stage antenna calibration in a base station in a large scale MIMO wireless communication system;

Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram 500 of a third embodiment of an antenna apparatus for implementing a method for second stage antenna calibration in a base station in a large scale MIMO wireless communication system.

Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar devices (module) or steps. detailed description

In the detailed description of the preferred embodiments that follow, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part of the invention. The accompanying drawings illustrate, by way of example, specific embodiments The exemplary embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments in accordance with the invention. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

1 shows a schematic diagram 100 of an antenna apparatus in which a method for first stage antenna calibration in a base station in a large scale MIMO wireless communication system according to the present invention can be implemented. As can be seen from the figure, an antenna device 100 used in a base station in a massive MIMO wireless communication system includes at least two antenna array modules, here antenna array modules 110, 120 and 130, of which at least two The antenna array modules 110, 120, and 130 respectively include a first calibration antenna 1 110, 1210, and 1310 and at least one common antenna 1 1 1 1 , 1112, ..., 111M; 1211, 1212, ..., 121M and associated therewith. 131 1, 1312 131M, and the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210 and

1310 by means of first coupling circuits 1120, 1220 and 1320 and at least one common antenna 1111, 11 12 111M; 121 1, 1212 121M and 1311, 1312, .

The 131M is connected to calibrate at least one common antenna 1111, 1112 1 1 1M associated therewith by the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210 and 1310; 1211, 1212 1211V [and 1311, 1312 131M.

It can also be said that the method for antenna calibration in a base station in a massive MIMO wireless communication system according to the present invention first implements the modular design and manufacture of antenna array modules naturally, for example, in FIG. The antenna array modules 110, 120 and 130 are respectively manufactured separately. When it is required to be mounted on a common base station, the antenna array modules 110, 120 and 130 are respectively an antenna array module, and when performing antenna calibration, first Using the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210 and 1310 provided in each of the antenna array modules 110, 120 and 130, by means of the first coupling circuits 1120, 1220 and 1320, from calibrating at least one common antenna 1111, 1112 111M associated therewith; 1211, 1212 121M and 1311, 1312, ..., 131M. This is the first stage calibration mentioned in the present invention.

More specifically, in Figure 1, from the common antenna elements 1111, 1112

111M; 1211, 1212 121M and 1311, 1312 131M to the i-th group (i = 1, 2, ..., N) of the first calibrated antennas 1110, 1210 and 1310 composite channel in consideration of TX / RX RF factor The situation can be expressed by the following formula, namely:

^H ! = ^ l' f^gihi, hi '... ' } ( ι ) where , and bij represent the receiving RF factor and the transmitting RF factor of the jth antenna element of the i-th antenna array module, respectively, and H _lxM ^{(i )} indicates the first calibration antenna

Common antenna elements 1111, 1112 111M of 1110, 1210 and 1310 and the ith antenna array module; channel vectors between 1211, 1212 121M and 1311, 1312 131M (excluding receiving RF factor and transmitting RF factor).

Similarly, from the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210, and 1310 of the i-th group (i = 1, 2, ..., N) to the common antenna elements 1111, 1112 111M; 121 1, 1212

The composite channel of 121M and 131 1 and 1312 131M can be expressed by the following formula: That is, since H _lxM ⁽ⁱ⁾ in the equation (1) and the expression (2 ⁾ are equal, it is possible to obtain:

HI a. ₀ - diag{\ I b, ', , 1 / ₂ ,... , 1 / b, _M } = Η!Ί b _{i 0} · diag{\ I. , , , 1 / a _{) 2} ,- · ,! / a } ( 3 ) as well as

H = _i0 1 b ₀ ' H ' iag{b _It I α _υ , b _l2 ! a _i2 ,", b _i I a _iM }

= ₀ — i · · diag{e _] , e, ₂ ,..., ^ } ( 4 ) where ^e '=W"" denotes the reciprocity error between transmitting and receiving RF circuit factors.

From equation (4), it is known that if the reciprocity error of the normal antenna is normalized by the reciprocity error of the calibrated antenna, the downlink channel can be derived from the uplink channel. In fact, it is possible to simply estimate the normalized reciprocity error of a normal element by multiplying two channel-matched points, as shown in the following equation:

H' =e _{i 0} - ¹ ' [e _it , e,., ₂ :..., e _{i M} ] ( 5 ) It can be seen from equation (5) that only the common antenna elements can be known in the self-calibration phase. Relative reciprocity error, without knowing the exact absolute reciprocity error value.

A flow chart 200 of a method for antenna calibration in a base station in a large scale MIMO wireless communication system will next be described with reference to FIG. As can be seen from the figure, the method 200 includes at least two steps, that is, first, in step 210, the antenna system in the base station is divided into at least two antenna array modules, that is, the antenna array modules 110, 120, and 130 in FIG. The at least two antenna array modules 110, 120, and 130 respectively include a first calibration antenna 1110, 1210, 1310 and at least one common antenna 1111, 1112 111M associated therewith; 1211, 1212 121M and 1311, 1312

131M and talking about the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210, 1310 by means of the first coupling circuits 1120, 1220, 1320 and at least one common antenna 1111, 1112, ..., 111M;

1211, 1212 121M and 1311, 1312 131M are connected to perform the first stage calibration by the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210, 1310 to obtain a first calibration factor to calibrate at least one common antenna 1111, 1112 111M associated therewith;

1211, 1212 121M and 1311, 1312 131M. Next, in step 210, the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210, 1310 included in the at least two antenna array modules 110, 120, and 130 are subjected to a second phase calibration to obtain a second calibration factor to calibrate the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210. , 1310.

The first stage calibration is self-calibration. The first calibration antennas 1110, 1210, 1310 pass Passing the first coupling circuit 1120, 1220, 1320 to at least one common antenna 1 1 1 1 ,

1 1 12, ..., 111M; 1211, 1212 121M and 1311, 1312, ..., 131M transmit the first calibration sequence signal and from the at least one common antenna 1111, 1112 111M through the first coupling circuit 1120, 1220, 1320; 1211, 1212 121M and 131 1, 1312 131M receive the second calibration sequence signal. The calibration of the first phase has been described in detail in the description with reference to Figure 1, and the following will focus on the calibration method of the second phase.

Optionally, the base station further includes a second calibration antenna. A schematic diagram 300 of a first embodiment of an antenna apparatus for implementing a method for antenna calibration in a base station in a large-scale MIMO wireless communication system will be described below with reference to FIG. As can be seen from the figure, the second calibration antenna 320 is respectively connected to the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210, 1310 included in the at least two antenna array modules 1 10, 120 and 130 by means of the second coupling circuit 310. The second calibration antenna 320 performs a second stage calibration by self-calibration to calibrate the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210, 1310 included in the at least two antenna array modules 110, 120, and 130. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the two-stage calibration there can also be implemented as a three-stage or more-stage calibration, as long as it does not deviate from the concept of the present invention, that is, the phased implementation of the calibration, which falls within the scope of protection of the present invention. within. For example, in an implementation form according to the invention, the number of second calibration antennas is at least two and the base station further comprises a third calibration antenna (not shown), the third calibration antenna being coupled to the third coupling circuit The third stage calibration is performed by self-aligning with the at least two second calibration antennas respectively to calibrate the at least two second calibration antennas.

The self-calibration calibration process with the second calibration antenna will be described below in conjunction with a specific formula. As with the principle of the first stage calibration, the following relationships can be derived, namely:

Wherein H _c represents a composite channel between the second calibrated antenna and the first calibrated antenna and e _c represents a reciprocity error of the second calibrated antenna and (i=l, 2 N ) represents reciprocity of the first calibrated antenna Sexual error.

From equation (6) we can get: — I ,

o ' o , e ₂ ,. ,·■', 3⁄4. ] = ( /[■/ H ¹ ) /(I ^s 'Element)

Then, the root formulas (5) and (7) can be derived

_^ J ( g ) This results in a matrix of global reciprocity errors, which enables the entire antenna system to be calibrated.

Since both the first stage calibration and the second stage calibration use self-calibration instead of air interface calibration, the overhead caused by the feedback of the air gap is avoided, and communication resources are saved. In addition, since the antenna system is calibrated in stages, the coupling is performed. The complexity of the circuit is greatly reduced.

However, self-calibration, especially the second-stage self-calibration, compromises the concept of the modular design of the antenna array, so it is alternatively also possible to implement the second-stage calibration through air interface calibration. In particular, FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram 400 of a second embodiment of an antenna apparatus for implementing a method for antenna calibration in a base station in a massively scaled MIMO wireless communication system. As can be seen from the figure, the base station is capable of communicating with a user equipment 440 and the first calibration antennas 1110, 1210, 1310 have physical transceiver antenna array modules 410, 420 and 430, respectively, the first calibration antennas 1 1 10, 1210 1310 communicates with user equipment 440 to perform a second phase calibration by air interface calibration to calibrate first calibration antennas 1 1 10, 1210, 1310 included in at least two antenna array modules 1 10, 120, and 130. The physical transceiver antenna array modules 410, 420, and 430 can be associated with a radio frequency switch (not shown), and the RF switch is configured to disconnect the physical transceiver antenna array module when performing the first stage calibration. (ie, deactivate the physical transceiver antenna) and turn on the physical transceiver antenna array module (ie, activate the physical transceiver antenna) when performing the second phase calibration. In this way, the adverse effects of the physical transceiver antenna on the air interface for the first phase calibration of other conventional antennas during the first phase calibration are reduced or eliminated. And the physical transceiver antenna is activated when the second phase is calibrated to air interface calibration to enable communication between the read first calibration antennas 410, 420 and 430 and the user equipment 440, thereby enabling a second phase calibration. Optionally, the base station can also be configured to communicate with a user equipment 440 and the first calibration antennas U 10, 1210, 1310 do not have physical transceiver antenna array modules 410, 420, and 430, as shown in FIG. 5, FIG. A schematic diagram 500 of a third embodiment of an antenna apparatus for implementing a method for antenna calibration in a base station in a massive MIMO wireless communication system is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the at least two antenna array modules 110,

At least one common antenna included in 120 and 130 is 1111, 1112 111M; 1211,

1212 121M and 1311, 1312 131M respectively select a common antenna as the virtual calibration antenna of the antenna array module to which they belong (1112, 1212, 1312 in the example shown in Fig. 5) and the read base station will be virtually calibrated. The port number of the antenna is sent to the user equipment 440 to obtain a second calibration factor by air interface calibration and corresponding conversion mapping, and is combined with the first calibration factor to calibrate the antenna system 100. The selection of the virtual calibration antenna in FIG. 5 is merely exemplary, and can be arbitrarily selected according to the actual situation, and the second phase calibration can be implemented by configuring the corresponding conversion mapping. In one embodiment of the invention, at least two antenna array modules have the same number of common antennas. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a different number of antennas can also be included to form an antenna array for communication using antenna array modules produced by different manufacturers.

Specifically, the user equipment will introduce a second phase calibration, and the user equipment respectively feeds back the estimated downlink channel state information and the uplink sounding signal in a single correlation time interval. Based on the received downlink channel state information and the estimated uplink channel state information (based on the uplink sounding signal), the base station can derive a specific transition map between the second phase and the relative obtained in the first calibration phase. The calibration factor is combined to push the final complete calibration factor. The relevant calibration principles are described next.

Using the principles used in equations (1) through (5), the following equation can be obtained, namely:

^Η 1 · ^{/ Η} ί = ' . ' , e ₂ , i '... ' ^e N -, ] ( 9 ) where H _vc denotes the composite channel between the user equipment antenna and the virtual calibration antenna of the first stage (in This assumes that the first common antenna element in each antenna array module is a virtual calibration antenna), e _vc represents the reciprocity error of the user equipment antenna and e _M , i=l, 2 N represents the reciprocity error of the virtual calibration antenna

From the formula (9) it can be concluded that:

^,,-' ,,^,-,e _N ,, ] = (H -IHl) /(l ^s< Element) ( 10 )

Wherein, the first matrix on the left side of the equation (11) is from the equation (10), and the two matrices are from the first column of the third matrix of the equation (5). From the equation (11), it can be seen that the global reciprocity factor is finally obtained.

An advantage of this alternative embodiment is that no additional coupling circuitry and antennas are required, which on the one hand facilitates the modular design of the antenna system and on the other hand increases the self-calibrating fine skin of the method used in the first phase of calibration.

In an implementation form in accordance with the invention, the user equipment 440 feeds back the estimated downlink channel state information and uplink sounding information to the base station in a single correlation time interval and the base station is based on the received downlink channel. The status information and the uplink channel state information calculated from the uplink sounding information derive a second calibration factor and combine it with the first calibration factor to calibrate the antenna system 100.

In addition, the antenna device further includes a second calibration antenna, wherein the second calibration antenna is respectively connected to the first calibration antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules by means of the second coupling circuit, to be A second calibration antenna is used to calibrate the first calibration antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules.

In an implementation form according to the invention, the first calibration antenna calibrates the at least one common antenna and/or the second calibration antenna associated therewith by self-calibration to calibrate the at least two antenna arrays by self-calibration The first calibrated antenna included in the module. The phased calibration of the antenna in accordance with the method and apparatus of the present invention reduces the complexity of the conventional self-calibrating coupling circuit on the one hand, and reduces the complexity of the calibration and improves the calibration accuracy on the other hand.

Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar devices (module) or steps.

It is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, in any case, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting. In addition, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements and steps, and the word "a" does not exclude the plural. A plurality of elements recited in the device claims can also be implemented by one element. The first and second terms are used to denote names and do not represent any particular order.

Claims

Claim

A method for antenna calibration in a base station in a large-scale MIM0 wireless communication system, comprising:

Performing a second phase calibration on the first calibration antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules results in a second calibration factor to calibrate the first calibration antenna.

2. The antenna calibration method according to claim 1, wherein the first stage calibration is self-calibration.

3. The antenna calibration method according to claim 2, wherein the first calibration antenna transmits a first calibration sequence signal to the at least one common antenna through the first coupling circuit and from the first coupling circuit The at least one normal antenna receives the second calibration sequence signal.

4. The antenna calibration method according to claim 3, wherein the number of the second calibration antennas is at least two and the base station further comprises a third calibration antenna, the third calibration antenna being coupled to the third coupling circuit A third stage calibration is performed by self-aligning with the at least two second calibration antennas to calibrate the at least two second calibration antennas, respectively.

The antenna calibration method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base station Communicating with a user equipment and having a physical transceiver antenna array module, the first calibration antenna communicating with the user equipment to perform a second phase calibration by air interface calibration to calibrate the at least two The first calibrated antenna included in the squall array module.

6. The antenna calibration method of claim 5, wherein the physical transceiver antenna array module is associated with a radio frequency switch, and the radio frequency switch is configured to disconnect the first phase calibration when performing the first phase calibration The physical transceiver antenna array module and the physical transceiver antenna array module are turned on when the second phase calibration is performed.

The antenna calibration method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base station communicates with a user equipment and the first calibration antenna does not have a physical transceiver antenna array module, from the at least two antenna arrays Each of the at least one common antenna included in the module selects a common antenna as a virtual calibration antenna of the antenna array module to which it belongs and the base station transmits the port number of the virtual calibration antenna to the user equipment to calibrate through the air interface. And a corresponding conversion map to obtain the second calibration factor and combine it with the first calibration factor to calibrate the antenna system.

8. The antenna calibration method according to claim 1, wherein the at least two antenna array modules have the same number of common antennas.

9. The antenna calibration method according to claim 1, wherein the user equipment feeds back estimated channel state information and uplink sounding information to the base station in a single correlation time interval and the base station is based on The received downlink channel state information and the uplink channel shape information calculated by the uplink sounding information obtain the second calibration factor and are compared with the first calibration factor Combined to calibrate the antenna system.

10. An antenna device for use in a base station in a large scale MIMO wireless communication system, comprising:

At least two antenna array modules, wherein each of the at least two antenna array modules includes a first calibration antenna and at least one common antenna associated therewith, and the first calibration antenna is respectively coupled to the first coupling circuit ???said at least one common antenna is connected to calibrate the at least one associated therewith by the first calibrated antenna a common antenna;

11. The antenna device according to claim 10, wherein the at least two antenna array modules have the same number of common antennas.

12. The antenna device according to claim 10, wherein the first calibration antenna is self-calibrated by self-calibration to calibrate the at least one common antenna and/or the second calibration antenna associated therewith The first calibration antenna included in the at least two antenna array modules is calibrated.