WO2015177040A1 - Gestion des ressources dans un réseau cellulaire - Google Patents

Gestion des ressources dans un réseau cellulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015177040A1
WO2015177040A1 PCT/EP2015/060721 EP2015060721W WO2015177040A1 WO 2015177040 A1 WO2015177040 A1 WO 2015177040A1 EP 2015060721 W EP2015060721 W EP 2015060721W WO 2015177040 A1 WO2015177040 A1 WO 2015177040A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
multicast
resources
service
sfn
broadcast service
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/060721
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Youssef Chami
Iñigo GÜEMES
Rocio ORTIZ
Original Assignee
Vodafone Ip Licensing Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2015177040A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015177040A1/fr

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/30Resource management for broadcast services
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00Connection management
    • H04W76/40Connection management for selective distribution or broadcast
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/50Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/52Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on load

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of managing resources in a cellular network, and in particular, but not exclusively, to the management of resources in a point to multipoint distribution technique such as Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network.
  • eMBMS Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • Aims of this approach may include: reduced cost; improved functionality; and increased flexibility in comparison with existing public safety communication infrastructure, such as the Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) network.
  • Key functionalities for ES communications are Push to Talk (PTT) and Group Call communication.
  • the existing architecture includes a number of data routing schemes, including multicast and unicast capabilities, which can be used for Group Call functionality. These are provided using the Multimedia Broadcast Multimedia Service (MBMS), which is known as eMBMS in LTE networks.
  • MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multimedia Service
  • BH Busy Hour
  • Radio resources need to be designed so that both the commercial and the emergency services have sufficient resources to handle the Busy Hour traffic, without considerably impacting each other.
  • Radio Base Stations such as a NodeB, eNode, femtocell or similar
  • NodeB NodeB
  • eNode eNode
  • femtocell Radio Base Station
  • a method of allocating resources for providing a multicast or broadcast service in a cellular network as set out in claim 1 .
  • a computer program in accordance with claim 19 and a Resource Manager in accordance with claim 20 are also provided.
  • a method for interfacing a cellular network with a service manager that is at least logically separate from the cellular network and controls a service provided to at least one of a plurality of subscriber terminals over the cellular network.
  • the method comprises: receiving information in a first format from the service manager indicative of the resource and/or performance requirements for the service; and communicating the received information to a network functions module of the cellular network in a second format that permits the network functions module to interpret the information indicative of the resource and/or performance requirements, so that the network functions module may be configured to operate in a manner which is dependent upon the requirements of the service.
  • a method for interfacing a cellular network with a service manager that is at least logically separate from the cellular network and controls a service provided to at least one of a plurality of subscriber terminals over the cellular network.
  • the method comprises: receiving information in a second format from a network functions module of the cellular network indicative of radio link quality relating to the at least one of a plurality of subscriber terminals; and communicating the received information to the service manager in a first format that permits the service manager to interpret the information indicative of the radio link quality, so that resource and/or
  • performance requirements for the service may be configured on the basis of the radio link quality.
  • the service manager is a part of a subscriber terminal configured to operate the service at the subscriber terminal.
  • the service manager may be an application operating on the subscriber terminal.
  • the service manager may be a part of a service provider network, configured to manage the service provided to a plurality of subscriber terminals.
  • the resource and/or performance requirements are based on one or more of: a compression coding scheme for the service; a latency requirement for the service; a number of time slots required for the service; a Quality of Service,
  • the service may be a Push to Talk, PTT, application.
  • the service may be a multicast or broadcast service.
  • the network functions module may be a Broadcast Multicast Service Centre, BM-SC.
  • API Application Program Interface
  • a network entity comprising a processor configured to operate the API of the ancillary aspect and/or a subscriber terminal comprising a processor configured to operate the API of the ancillary aspect are also provided.
  • aspects of the present invention thus provide techniques for implementing group calling communications over a commercial cellular network, for example a 4G (LTE) cellular network, and in particular in a manner that optimises use of the network so that both commercial and emergency service users can coexist with no or minimal mutual impact, even during Busy Hours.
  • a commercial cellular network for example a 4G (LTE) cellular network
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a method to dynamically control the availability of LTE resources, such as baseband unit resources, radio subframes or other radio resources, especially for enhanced Multimedia
  • eMBMS Broadcast Multimedia Service
  • API application programming interface
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention thus provide additional intelligence at the Base Station, so as to allow real-time monitoring of, for example, radio resource utilisation and radio resource sharing between different Access Nodes/Gateways.
  • Aspects of the present invention thus, in preferred embodiments, provide one or more of the following advantages: • More optimised resource allocation based on information from both a service manager and the cellular network.
  • the service manager generally controls provision of the communications service in the higher layers of the networking protocol stack (application, possibly including presentation, session or both).
  • the cellular network provides the lower layers of the networking protocol stack (which may include any one or more of:
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • baseband unit of the base station and other radio resources or frequency or band load sharing.
  • the service manager which may be an application at a subscriber terminal or UE
  • API Application Program Interface
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an existing network architecture for a cellular network interfaced with an external service provider, and including network base stations (BS);
  • BS network base stations
  • Figure 2 schematically depicts a Resource Manager associated with a base station, and embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) data frame, subdivided into a plurality of subframes, and illustrative of the impact on network capacity of methods embodying the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a network of adjoining cells in a cellular network, and illustrative of resource allocation at a cell boundary in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a flow chart of decisions taken by the Resource Manager of Figure 2, in order to allocate resources.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a schematic diagram of an existing network architecture for a cellular network 100 interfaced with an external service provider 200.
  • the cellular network 100 has an LTE (E-UTRAN) architecture and the external service provider 200 is for Emergency Service (ES) communications, but these are simply illustrations of one suitable network architecture, in order to allow an explanation of the present invention.
  • LTE E-UTRAN
  • ES Emergency Service
  • the cellular network comprises: eNodeB (base station) / Multi-cell Coordination Entity (MCE) systems 1 10; a Multimedia Broadcast Multimedia Service (MBMS) Gateway (GW) 120; a network Broadcast Multicast Service Centre (BM-SC) 130; a Mobility Management Entity 140; a Serving Gateway (S-GW) 150; a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) 160; and a Network Management Systems (NMS) and Self-Organising Network (SON) 170.
  • eNodeB/MCE systems 1 10 are shown as an example, but it will be understood that more are typically present in a practical implementation.
  • the external service provider 200 comprises: a Home Subscriber Server 210; and an external BM-SC 220.
  • the User Equipment (UE) 300 interfaces with the external service provider 200 through the cellular network 100.
  • a UE may be considered to include any subscriber-specific unit (such as a SIM card), application or data, in combination with a hardware communications device.
  • the UE is normally serviced by one eNodeB/MCE system 1 10, but it may be served by multiple eNodeB/MCE systems 1 10 or simply be within the coverage area of multiple eNodeB/MCE systems 1 10.
  • An external content or service provider 400 may also interface with the cellular network 100 via the network BM-SC 130.
  • This network architecture is adapted for providing enhanced MBMS (eMBMS) services. Interfaces between the network entities for providing such services are also shown and, where appropriate, labelled.
  • eMBMS enhanced MBMS
  • the thin solid line between the UE 300 and external service provider 200 represents eMBMS user data.
  • the thick solid lines represent eMBMS service and security layer data.
  • the denser dashed lines (for example between the MME 140 and MBMS GW 120) represent eMBMS signalling and the thinner dashed lines (such as between the network BM-SC 130 and external BM-SC 220) represent eMBMS sync protocol.
  • LTE and similar cellular networks desirably control their resources and the services that a particular customer can use, especially when the content is being routed directly to or from an external company (particularly the external service provider 200) or the Internet. These controls can be effectively performed at a point where a traffic routing or a switching decision is made.
  • Embodiments of the invention in particular provide enhanced eMBMS functions using a Resource Manager, together with Application Program Interfaces (APIs) positioned logically between the service and user functionality layers and the 4G (LTE) network itself.
  • APIs Application Program Interfaces
  • the provision of such additional functionality in a network such as (but not limited to) that of Figure 1 permits dynamic change of the data flow from unicast to multicast based on the number of users per cell, sites or regions and/or the resources used per cell/sites. All these techniques reduce the investment required by a mobile operator to carry the data on its own Radio/ backhaul and core transport or cellular core infrastructure.
  • Resource Manager 450 is of course not typically a physical entity but is instead a software module comprising logic which is illustrated as a series of logic components 460. However, the Resource Manager 450 may also be understood as a processor or logic operating to provide this functionality.
  • the Resource Manager is preferably logically, if not physically, located at or in communication with the eNodeB base stations 1 10. Resource requirements for the network - and in particular resource requirements for the UE 300 running eMBMS services such as Push to Talk (PTT) are received by the Resource Manager as shown.
  • the logic within the Resource Manager 450 makes resource decisions based upon the information received, in a manner to be explained more fully below, and resource allocation instructions are then issued by the Resource
  • the UEs 300 which communicate with the Resource Manager 450 are associated with a third party service provider.
  • some or all of the UEs 300 for which it is desirable to allocate resources may belong to the Emergency Services.
  • Information representative of resource requirements for subscriber terminals to be provided with the multicast or broadcast service from a service manager is received at a resource manager of the cellular network.
  • the resource manager is then used to allocate resources across the cellular network, so as to balance those resource requirements across it.
  • the resources are typically transmission resources of the at least one base station, as will be discussed below.
  • the service manager is preferably at least logically separate from the cellular network and controls the multicast or broadcast service for at least one of the plurality of subscriber terminals.
  • the service manager may control higher layers of the protocol stack, whereas the cellular network manages lower layer operation.
  • some of the plurality of subscriber terminals are provided with the multicast or broadcast service managed by the service manager and at least one other subscriber terminal is provided with one or more alternative services (such as unicast services).
  • the resource manager is then used to balance the resource requirements across the cellular network between the multicast or broadcast service and the one or more alternative services.
  • the resource manager 450 may be part of a base station, part of another network entity or an individual network entity within the cellular network.
  • an application program interface may be provided.
  • the API is positioned, logically, between the UEs 300 and the Resource Manager 450 at the base stations 1 10.
  • the API translates information received from the UEs 300 into a format that can be utilised by the Resource Manager 450, to permit the latter to make the necessary assessment based upon predetermined criteria.
  • the API may also provide additional functionality and services in the other direction, that is, in the provision of information to applications running on UEs 300.
  • the API may facilitate the provision of radio link quality information (for example, based upon the Quality of Signal - QoS - function) to applications, allow control of the eMBMS area size and allocated time slot, and or control the applications to allow, disallow or adapt the applications on a dynamic basis.
  • radio link quality information for example, based upon the Quality of Signal - QoS - function
  • the Resource Manager 450 addresses this problem in a number of ways, such as sharing of resource between baseband units and other radio resources, frequency or band load sharing of eMBMS users, and consolidating users on a reduced number of frequency bands so as to save energy.
  • the Access Network architecture there is no intelligence at the access edge (base station) to allow monitoring of local resources and a more dynamic allocation between unicast and Multicast resources .
  • An eNodeB Base Station or Multicell Coordination Entity MCE 1 10 ( Figure 1 ) can be considered to comprise two main parts: a radio frequency part and a
  • the radio frequency part may handle the transmission of radio frequency signals between the antenna of the eNodeB Base Station 1 10 (or a Femtocell, for example) and the UE 300, and convert radio frequency signals into digital baseband signals (and vice versa).
  • the baseband part may be responsible for controlling and managing the transmission of the baseband signals to other components of the mobile telecommunications network 100.
  • a Resource Manager 450 logically (if not physically) in communication with the Base Stations 1 10 provides baseband resources and the capability to manage these resources according to a set of rules.
  • the baseband parts of conventional base stations are used for unicast calls.
  • the base stations 1 10 provide radio frequency connections between the Base Stations 1 10 and UEs 300.
  • the baseband resources include those provided by NodeB (3G) and eNodeB (4G), referred to as the BaseBand Unit (BBU).
  • NodeB (3G) and eNodeB (4G) referred to as the BaseBand Unit (BBU).
  • the architecture described above provides additional intelligence at the Base Station and allows real-time monitoring of radio resource utilisation and radio resource sharing between different base stations. This may enable a number of functionalities.
  • BaseBands and/ or resource blocks that are under-utilised are able to make use of spare resources from one or another of the baseband resources . This leads to more efficient network dimensioning, as access nodes are able to draw from unused resources in nodes when they reach high utilisation. This will limit the need to over engineer the capacity of the network, as would otherwise be mandated if that network were to cope with Busy Hour traffic.
  • eMBMS enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multimedia Service
  • management allows resources to be drawn from other under-utilised access nodes or from a single source pool, and for resources in the access nodes to be switched off entirely, during periods of low utilization.
  • the embodiment may be implemented in the network architecture 100 as follows:
  • ⁇ 4G The local BBU occupancy is monitored by the averaged Resource Blocks (RBs) used for the eMBMS and non-eMBMS users.
  • RBs Resource Blocks
  • eMBMS and non-eMBMS users utilisation [%] of eMBMS and non-eMBMS users is proportional to the number of users and the offered throughput per active users. If the number of bit/HZ/user goes below or exceed predefined thresholds, the local BBU and spectrum band might be activated/ deactivated.
  • the radio load is monitored by the Resource Manager 450, although other efficiency characteristics may alternatively or additionally be monitored, e.g. number of users and the quality of service the UE experiences.
  • the decision to activate/de-activate the local BBU or radio transmitter, or share external BBUs used by a particular MBMS coordination entity (MCE) can be made at the BM-SC 130, separate Gateway 150, 160, or at a Self-Organised Network 170.
  • MCE MBMS coordination entity
  • API Application Programming Interface
  • an API which defines the language that each of the software modules of the platform use to communicate with one another, so as to coordinate and optimise application delivery to users.
  • the platform negotiates with each application the specific resource and performance requirements, based on the application characteristics, allowing the application directly to
  • the API may also facilitate the provision of radio link quality information (e.g. from the QoS function) to applications.
  • the API may further enable the platform to control use of the eMBMS area size and allocated time-slot or applications - e.g. to allow, disallow or adapt the applications.
  • the application may be a Push To Talk (PTT) application, such as Group Call.
  • PTT Push To Talk
  • the nature of PTT communications is that there is a virtually continuous succession of small data packets in which voice data is
  • the voice data must be communicated with no (or, at least, minimal) latency, in order that a conversation can be performed successfully.
  • the PTT application is able to compress voice data before transmission using a variety of techniques/CODECs.
  • the compression techniques/CODECs may range from a relatively low compression technique, which provides high quality voice reproduction but requires a large bandwidth, to a much higher compression technique which provides reduced voice quality and which requires a much lower bandwidth.
  • the API is operable to provide details of the application characteristics to the network functions part of the platform, i.e. the BM-SC (broadcast multicast service centre) 130.
  • the network functions part may be made aware that the application will tend to transmit continuous successions of small data packets that require transmission with no or low latency. The network function may then be configured appropriately.
  • the API may further be operable to allow the network functions part to
  • the network functions part may receive information regarding the application characteristics (via the API), and may then in consequence allocate radio link resources to that application. This allocation of radio link resources may be communicated by the network functions part to the application (via the API). The application may then select an appropriate number of time-slots required for eMBMS and the compression technique/CODEC, in dependence upon the radio link quality available. During a PTT call, the available radio link quality may be communicated regularly from the network functions part to the application (via the API) to allow the application to vary the compression technique/CODEC used in accordance with changes to the radio link quality.
  • the network functions part may control how the applications work (via the API).
  • the network functions part may allow, disallow or adapt the applications that are hosted in the services part of the platform.
  • the network functions part may require the PTT application to use a particular compression
  • the application may adapt its communications to the users such that latency of the communications is increased uniformly for all of the users. This means that each user then experiences the same delay as the other users, so that each of the users is in turn provided with the same experience. ln this context, it may be understood that a method is provided for interfacing a cellular network with a service manager that is at least logically separate from the cellular network and controls a service provided to at least one of a plurality of subscriber terminals over the cellular network. Information is received in a first format from the service manager indicative of the resource and/or performance requirements for the service.
  • the received information is then communicated to a network functions module of the cellular network in a second format that permits the network functions module to interpret the information indicative of the resource and/or performance requirements, so that the network functions module may be configured to operate in a manner which is dependent upon the requirements of the service.
  • information is received in the second format from a network functions module of the cellular network indicative of radio link quality relating to the at least one of a plurality of subscriber terminals.
  • the received information is then communicated to the service manager in the first format that permits the service manager to interpret the information indicative of the radio link quality, so that resource and/or performance requirements for the service may be configured on the basis of the radio link quality.
  • the control means (where the PTT service provider 200 is located) is responsible for allocating the service instance for each user on the application layer based on the popularity of the service and the location of the UE 300. This may be understood as a separate service provider entity, as discussed above.
  • the network means is, by contrast, responsible for allocating network resources or capacity, capability and available resources to host another instance of a service for commercial and Emergency service users. This typically describes the cellular network. For certain low popularity PTT calls or services, or where the available capacity or capability is limited, the service can be hosted from another Base Station / MCE 1 10. For some services/functions, where the source and destination client applications are in the same geographical region, being served by the same site (e.g. BTS location) or site cluster (e.g.
  • the access node /gateway ensures that the server for the service is located close to both users, and the traffic is routed between the users within the site.
  • An example of this scenario is the network in a box concept (essentially providing a stand-alone base station) that may be deployed in an area in which no network coverage is available.
  • the LTE frame is 10 ms in length and is split into ten 1 ms subframes (SF0....SF9) as also shown in Figure 3.
  • eMBMS is implemented by being allocated to all of (or none of) the subframes which are available.
  • eMBMS can use one subframe every frame (e.g. SF1 of the frame below); or every 2nd frame; or every 4th frame or every 8th frame (for higher data rates, it can also use 2, 3,or 4 subframes every frame.)
  • eMBMS resources can be dynamically managed at the serving and the neighbouring cells to reduce the interference impact.
  • the additional number of slots allocated can also be dependent on the number of unicast commercial users. For example, a pre-set number of slots for a given number of commercial unicast users can be implemented (e.g. slots 7 and 8 are reserved where commercial users exceed a pre-set value).
  • additional cells to allocate eMBMS resources may be determined by the location of the eMBMS user. For example, bordering cells may be instructed to increase eMBMS resources for incoming eMBMS users, by increasing the size of the MBSFN area size.
  • the location of eMBMS users may be determined by the Base Station 1 10 or a self-organising network (SON) 170, as illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the UE 300 in figure 4 is approaching the cells shaded grey. These cells are instructed to ensure that eMBMS resources are allocated prior to the eMBMS users being handed over into the cell, and therefore increasing the MBSFN area size to include these two cells.
  • SON self-organising network
  • Figure 5 shows an example decision tree that explains the eMBMS resource allocation.
  • Resources may be re-allocated in the SFN from a non-multicast or broadcast service to the multicast or broadcast service.
  • the re-allocated resources may be unused (available) or in use for provision of the non-multicast or broadcast service. It is advantageous to check that at least one (or some or all) of the re-allocated resources can be used for the multicast or broadcast service in both the SFN and one or more neighbouring SFNs, to avoid
  • resources may be re-allocated in a neighbouring SFN from a non-multicast or broadcast service to the multicast or broadcast service.
  • the re-allocated resources may be available or in use for provision of the non-multicast or broadcast service.
  • it may be useful to reallocate resources in a neighbouring SFN even without re-allocating resources in the currently serving SFN, so that a change of a user or users to the neighbouring SFN so that the re-allocated resources may then be used to provide the multicast or broadcast service.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Des ressources sont allouées pour fournir un service de multidiffusion ou de diffusion dans un réseau cellulaire comprenant une ou plusieurs stations de base et une pluralité de terminaux d'abonnés. Des informations représentatives des demandes de ressources à fournir aux terminaux d'abonnés avec le service de diffusion ou de multidiffusion à partir d'un gestionnaire de services sont reçues au niveau d'un gestionnaire de ressources du réseau cellulaire. Le gestionnaire de ressources est ensuite utilisé pour attribuer des ressources sur le réseau cellulaire, de manière à équilibrer lesdites demandes de ressources sur l'ensemble du réseau. 
PCT/EP2015/060721 2014-05-19 2015-05-14 Gestion des ressources dans un réseau cellulaire WO2015177040A1 (fr)

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GB1408870.2A GB2526289B (en) 2014-05-19 2014-05-19 Resource management in a cellular network
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GB2526289B (en) 2020-11-04
GB2526289A (en) 2015-11-25

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