WO2015176577A1 - 小型光伏汇流箱 - Google Patents

小型光伏汇流箱 Download PDF

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WO2015176577A1
WO2015176577A1 PCT/CN2015/074658 CN2015074658W WO2015176577A1 WO 2015176577 A1 WO2015176577 A1 WO 2015176577A1 CN 2015074658 W CN2015074658 W CN 2015074658W WO 2015176577 A1 WO2015176577 A1 WO 2015176577A1
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module
photovoltaic
controller
protection device
current detection
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PCT/CN2015/074658
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English (en)
French (fr)
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南寅
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北京人民电器厂有限公司
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Publication of WO2015176577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015176577A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the technology relates to a photovoltaic combiner box in a photovoltaic power generation system, and belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation.
  • a solar photovoltaic power generation system generally consists of a photovoltaic array, a DC combiner box, and an inverter.
  • a certain number of output cables of the same array of photovoltaic cells can be connected in series to form A plurality of photovoltaic arrays are then connected to the photovoltaic combiner box, and after being merged in the photovoltaic combiner box, the photovoltaic inverter is connected to form a photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the photovoltaic combiner box plays the role of connecting the upper and lower, and is the link connecting the photovoltaic array and the inverter.
  • the operation status of the photovoltaic combiner box directly affects the entire photovoltaic power generation system, so the photovoltaic combiner box is extremely important.
  • Conventional photovoltaic combiner boxes on the market mainly include: box, mounting plate, protective device, current detecting device, lightning arrester, DC disconnector or DC molded case circuit breaker, control module, power module, communication terminal and grounding terminal. .
  • the arrangement of the main components in the above PV combiner box can be divided into two types: (1)
  • the protective device adopts a DC fuse and is placed in a socket on the circuit board.
  • 4 or 8 channels are a unit module, and each The unit modules are installed by a single circuit board and combined according to the specific requirements of the system application.
  • the design requirements of the 8-way, 12-way or 16-way combiner box can be realized.
  • the current detecting device is connected, and the fuse and current detection are generally used.
  • the devices are placed on the same board.
  • the protective device is a fuse, and the positive and negative poles of the fuse are arranged separately in the left and right rows.
  • the positive electrode of the fuse and the current detecting device are connected by a flexible wire, and the negative electrode is connected to the load end of the DC isolating switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker.
  • the fuse and the current detecting module are fixedly connected by soldering and set on the same circuit board. If one of the components is damaged, it needs to be replaced completely, resulting in poor maintainability. High maintenance costs;
  • the fuses are generally arranged separately for the left and right rows of positive and negative poles, leaving a large enough safety distance in the middle, resulting in low utilization rate of the combiner box; at the same time, the fuses are arranged separately. , ground insulation detection cannot be achieved;
  • the controller module and the power module are arranged separately, which further increases the size of the box, and the high-voltage circuit is exposed, without protection, and the safety factor is low.
  • a small photovoltaic combiner box which is internally provided with a plurality of sets of photovoltaic cell string protection appliances, at least one current measuring module, at least one lightning arrester module, at least one DC isolating switch or a DC molded case circuit breaker, at least one power module, at least A controller module, ground terminal and communication terminal.
  • the photovoltaic cell string protection device and the current measurement module are placed on one side of the photovoltaic combiner box; the DC isolation switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker is placed on the other side of the photovoltaic combiner box;
  • the photovoltaic cell string protection device is a small DC circuit breaker
  • the upper and lower rows can be arranged correspondingly, and the current detecting module is located between the upper and lower groups of protection appliances, and each group of protection electrical appliances and the current detecting module adopts a movable mode of plugging or screw fixing.
  • the protection device is a DC fuse
  • the positive and negative electrodes may be stacked, the current detection module is located on the upper side of the protection device, and the protection device and the current detection module are connected in an active manner;
  • the power module and the controller module are vertically stacked, and the power module is located at a lower layer of the controller module, and the two are connected by a connector to form a power/controller combination module;
  • the power/controller combination module is disposed above the protection device and the current detection module;
  • the DC isolating switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker is disposed on the protection device and the current Detecting the right side of the module;
  • a leakage current detection module may be added in the photovoltaic combiner box to realize a ground insulation detection function.
  • Protection electric appliance upper and lower two rows small DC circuit breaker or positive and negative electrode superposition (fuse) arrangement, middle (small DC circuit breaker) or upper (fuse) arrangement current detection module, protection appliance and current detection module
  • the connection between the activities while reducing the volume, improves the maintainability of the photovoltaic combiner box, and the maintenance cost is greatly reduced;
  • the positive and negative electrode stacking arrangement of the fuse facilitates the addition of the grounding insulation detection function in the photovoltaic combiner box, and improves the system safety of the photovoltaic combiner box;
  • controller module and the power module are superimposed on top of each other to form a power/controller combination module, which further reduces the volume of the cabinet and has a low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a photovoltaic combiner box of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a photovoltaic combiner box of the present invention.
  • a photovoltaic combiner box includes a cabinet, a mounting plate, a fuse, a current detecting module, a lightning arrester, a power module, a controller module, a leakage current detecting module (when required by a customer), a grounding terminal, and a communication terminal.
  • Protective equipment, current detection module, lightning protection device, power supply module, controller module, leakage current detection module (when required by customers), grounding terminal and communication terminal are all set on the mounting board; controller and power module adopt cascading design, power supply The module is located on the lower layer of the controller, and the two are connected by a connector to form a power/controller combination module.
  • the high voltage circuit portion is placed on the bottom power supply board, which greatly improves the safety. If it is arranged according to the conventional scheme, the volume is large, and there are many terminals, the possibility of virtual connection is large, and the reliability is poor. The solution is small in size, high in reliability, easy to install, and easy to operate. Convenient.
  • the fuse and the current detecting module are disposed under the power/controller combination module and the lightning protection module, the fuse is located under the current detecting module, and the current detecting module is movably connected to the fuse through a plug or a screw; the fuse is superposed on the positive and negative electrodes Arrangement, if arranged according to the conventional scheme, the leakage current detecting device cannot be installed, resulting in the lack of function of the photovoltaic combiner box.
  • the grounding terminal and communication terminal are placed on the right side of the protection device; the DC isolation switch or DC molded case circuit breaker is placed on the right side of the other modules.
  • the leakage current detecting module is arranged between the protection device and the current detecting module (when required by the customer), and is fixed and connected by plugging. The current detecting module is plugged over the leakage current detecting module, and is also fixed and connected by plugging.
  • the PV array output line is connected to the lower port of the fuse. After passing through the fuse, the current is output to the leakage current detecting module; the negative circuit is connected to a DC isolation switch or a DC molded case circuit breaker, and the positive circuit passes through the current detecting module to perform the confluence in the current detecting module.
  • the current is output through the DC isolation switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker, and is connected to the inverter, thereby completing the convergence task of the photovoltaic combiner box.
  • the lightning protection device is respectively connected with the incoming terminal and the grounding terminal of the DC isolation switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker, and the current detecting module and the power supply/controller combination module transmit data through the data line, and the relevant information of the controller passes through the communication terminal. Perform external data transmission.
  • Embodiment 2 A new type of intelligent photovoltaic combiner box, including a box body, a mounting plate, a small DC circuit breaker, a current detecting module, a DC isolating switch or a DC molded case circuit breaker, a lightning arrester, a power supply and a controller combination thereof Module, ground terminal and communication terminal.
  • Small DC circuit breaker, current detection module, DC isolation switch or DC molded case circuit breaker, lightning protection device, power supply and its controller combination module, grounding terminal and communication terminal are all installed on the mounting plate; small DC circuit breaker and current The detection module is arranged on the left side of the mounting board, and the small DC circuit breaker is arranged in the upper and lower rows.
  • the current detecting module is arranged in the middle, and the two sets of small DC circuit breakers are connected with the current detecting module or connected by screws, and simultaneously detected.
  • the working current of the next two rows of small DC circuit breakers if arranged according to the conventional scheme, the length direction of the box is increased by nearly 50% compared with the current scheme, resulting in an excessively large cabinet, which cannot meet the requirements for on-site installation according to the conventional scheme.
  • the DC isolating switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker is arranged on the right side of the two rows of small DC circuit breakers; the power supply and controller combination module is superimposed on the upper and lower sides, and the power supply module is arranged under the controller module to form a combination of the power supply and the controller.
  • the module with the controller is arranged above the DC isolating switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker.
  • the lightning arrester and the grounding terminal and the communication terminal thereof are arranged on the right side of the DC isolation switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker, and the lightning protection device is arranged above the ground terminal and the communication terminal.
  • the current working principle of the photovoltaic combiner box the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell array is connected to a corresponding plurality of small DC circuit breakers, the current detecting module is connected with the upper and lower rows of small DC circuit breakers, and the current detecting module simultaneously detects the upper and lower rows of small DC breaking circuits.
  • the working current of the device After the positive current flows in the current detecting module, the bus bar is connected to the DC isolation switch or the incoming terminal of the DC molded case circuit breaker through the bus bar; after the negative electrode of the PV array is connected to the corresponding multiple DC circuit breakers, the negative bus is connected to the bus. After that, it is connected to the DC disconnector or the other incoming terminal of the DC molded case circuit breaker.
  • the two ports of the lightning arrester are respectively connected to the input terminals of the DC isolating switch or the DC molded case circuit breaker, and the other port is connected to the ground terminal.
  • the power supply and controller combination module 4 exchanges data through the data line, and the output data line of the power supply and controller combination module 4 is connected to the communication terminal, and data exchange can be performed externally.

Abstract

一种光伏汇流箱，其在密闭式的箱体内设置多组保护电器、至少一个多回路电流检测模块、至少一个防雷器模块、至少一台直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器、至少一个电源模块、至少一个控制器模块、接地端子和通讯端子，所述每组保护电器与电流检测模块采用插接方式，螺钉紧固。所述电源模块与控制器模块上下叠加设置，电源模块位于控制器模块下层，两者采用接插件进行连接，形成电源/控制器组合模块。所述电源/控制器组合模块设置于保护电器和电流检测模块上方。本光伏汇流箱功能齐全；模块化设计；维护性好，维护成本低，维修更便捷；控制器模块与电源模块组合布置，箱体体积小，造价成本低，安装空间也比较小。

Description

一种小型光伏汇流箱 技术领域
本技术涉及一种光伏发电系统中的光伏汇流箱，属于光伏发电领域。
背景技术
太阳能光伏发电系统一般由光伏阵列、直流汇流箱、逆变器组成。为了减少太阳能光伏电池阵列与逆变器之间的连线，简化系统结构，提高发电系统的可靠性和可维护性，可以将一定数量、规格相同的光伏电池方阵的输出电缆串联起来，组成若干个光伏阵列，然后再将若干个光伏阵列连接于光伏汇流箱，在光伏汇流箱内汇流后，与光伏逆变器连接，形成光伏发电系统。在目前的光伏发电系统中，光伏汇流箱起到承上启下的作用，是连接光伏阵列和逆变器的纽带，光伏汇流箱的运行状况直接影响着整个光伏发电系统，所以光伏汇流箱极其重要。
目前市场上常规的光伏汇流箱主要包括：箱体、安装板、保护电器、电流检测装置、防雷器、直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器、控制模块、电源模块、通讯端子和接地端子。以上光伏汇流箱中主要元件的布置方式目前可分为两种：(1)保护电器采用直流熔断器，放置于电路板上的插接座中，一般4路或8路为一个单元模块，每个单元模块由一个单独的电路板实现安装，根据系统应用的具体要求进行组合，可实现8路、12路或16路汇流箱的设计要求；其次连接电流检测装置，一般将熔断器和电流检测装置设置在同一电路板上。(2)保护电器为熔断器，熔断器正极和负极左右两排分开布置，熔断器正极和电流检测装置通过软线连接汇流，负极连接直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器的负载端。以上两种现有技术方案的主要问题和缺点如下：
1、熔断器和电流检测模块之间通过焊接固定连接，设置在同一块电路板上，如其中某个元件损坏，需全部更换，导致可维护性差， 维护成本高；
2、为了满足安全爬电距离要求，熔断器一般为左右两排正负极分开布置，中间留有足够大的安全距离，造成汇流箱空间利用率低；同时，由于熔断器正负极分开布置，无法实现接地绝缘检测；
3、控制器模块与电源模块分体布置，进一步造成箱体尺寸加大，同时高压回路外露，无防护，安全系数低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种小型化光伏汇流箱，相对于常规的智能型光伏汇流箱箱体体积可缩小40％以上。同时便于维护、成本低，可实现接地绝缘检测。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种小型光伏汇流箱，内部设置多组光伏电池串保护电器、至少一个电流测量模块、至少一个防雷器模块、至少一台直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器、至少一个电源模块、至少一个控制器模块、接地端子和通讯端子。
所述光伏电池串保护电器与电流测量模块放置在光伏汇流箱的一侧；所述直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器放置在光伏汇流箱的另一侧；
所述光伏电池串保护电器为小型直流断路器时，可上下两排对应布置，电流检测模块位于上下两组保护电器之间，每组保护电器与电流检测模块采用插接或螺钉固定的活动方式连接；所述保护电器为直流熔断器时，可正负极叠加布置，电流检测模块位于保护电器的上侧，保护电器与电流检测模块采用活动方式连接；
所述电源模块与控制器模块上下叠加设置，电源模块位于控制器模块下层，两者采用接插件进行连接，形成电源/控制器组合模块；
所述电源/控制器组合模块设置于保护电器和电流检测模块上方；
所述直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器设置于保护电器和电流 检测模块的右侧；
当所述保护电器为熔断器时，可在光伏汇流箱中增加漏电流检测模块，实现接地绝缘检测功能。
本发明技术方案带来的有益效果
(1)保护电器上下两排(小型直流断路器)或正负极叠加(熔断器)布置，中间(小型直流断路器)或上部(熔断器)布置电流检测模块，保护电器和电流检测模块之间活动连接，在缩小体积的同时，提高了光伏汇流箱的可维护性，维修成本大幅降低；
(2)熔断器正负极叠加布置方式便于在光伏汇流箱中增加接地绝缘检测功能，提高了光伏汇流箱的系统安全性；
(3)控制器模块与电源模块上下叠加布置，形成电源/控制器组合模块，进一步缩小了箱体体积，造价成本低。
附图说明
图1是本发明光伏汇流箱的方案1结构示意图。
图2是本发明光伏汇流箱的方案2结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1：一种光伏汇流箱包括箱体、安装板、熔断器、电流检测模块、防雷器、电源模块、控制器模块、漏电流检测模块(客户需要时)、接地端子和通讯端子。保护电器、电流检测模块、防雷器、电源模块、控制器模块、漏电流检测模块(客户需要时)、接地端子和通讯端子均设置于安装板上；控制器与电源模块采用层叠设计，电源模块位于控制器下层，两者采用接插件进行连接，组成电源/控制器组合模块，在该布置中，将高压电路部分放置与底层电源板上，大大提高了安全性。若按照常规方案布置，体积大，接线端子多，出现虚接的可能性大，可靠性差。该方案体积小，可靠性高，安装便捷，操 作方便。熔断器和电流检测模块设置在电源/控制器组合模块及防雷器模块的下方，熔断器位于电流检测模块下方，电流检测模块通过插接或螺钉与熔断器活动连接；熔断器正负极叠加布置，若按照常规方案布置，无法加装漏电流检测装置，造成光伏汇流箱的功能缺失。接地端子和通讯端子设置在保护电器的右侧；直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器设置于其他模块的右侧。漏电流检测模块布置于保护电器和电流检测模块之间(客户需要时)，通过插接进行固定和连接，电流检测模块插接在漏电流检测模块上方，也是通过插接进行固定和连接。
工作原理：光伏阵列输出线连接于熔断器下端口。电流经过熔断器后，输出到漏电流检测模块；负极电路进行汇流连接于直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器的一进线端，正极电路经过电流检测模块，在电流检测模块内进行汇流输到直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器另一进线端；电流通过直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器后输出，与逆变器连接，至此完成光伏汇流箱的汇流任务。防雷器分别与直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器的进线端子和接地端子相连接，电流检测模块与电源/控制器组合模块通过数据线进行数据传输，控制器的相关信息通过通讯端子进行对外数据传输。
实施例2：一种新型智能型光伏汇流箱，包括箱体、安装板、小型直流断路器、电流检测模块、直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器、防雷器、电源及其控制器组合模块、接地端子和通讯端子。小型直流断路器、电流检测模块、直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器、防雷器、电源及其控制器组合模块、接地端子和通讯端子均设置于安装板上；小型直流断路器和电流检测模块布置在安装板左侧，小型直流断路器为上、下两排布置，其中间设置电流检测模块，两组小型直流断路器与电流检测模块交错插接或通过螺钉活动连接，同时检测上、下两排小型直流断路器的工作电流，若按照常规方案布置，箱体长度方向比现方案增加将近50％的长度，造成箱体过大，按照常规方案无法满足对现场安装的要求。直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器设置在两排小型直流断路器的右侧；电源与控制器组合模块为上、下叠加布置，电源模块布置于控制器模块下方，组成电源与控制器组合模块，该电源 与控制器组合模块布置于直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器的上方。防雷器和接地端子及其通讯端子布置于直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器右侧，防雷器布置在接地端子和通讯端子上方。
光伏汇流箱的电流工作原理：光伏电池阵列正极连接于相应的多个小型直流断路器，电流检测模块与上下两排小型直流断路器活动连接，电流检测模块同时检测上、下两排小型直流断路器的工作电流。正极电流在电流检测模块内汇流后，通过汇流排与直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器的进线端子相连接；光伏阵列负极连接相应的多个小型直流断路器后，通过负极汇流排汇流后，与直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器的另一进线端子相连接。防雷器的两个端口分别与直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器的进线端子相连接，另外一个端口与接地端子连接。电源与控制器组合模块4通过数据线路进行数据交换，电源与控制器组合模块4的输出数据线连接到通讯端子上，可以对外进行数据交换。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步的详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种小型光伏汇流箱，内部设置多组光伏电池串保护电器、至少一个电流测量模块、至少一个防雷器模块、至少一台直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器、至少一个电源模块、至少一个控制器模块、接地端子和通讯端子，其特征在于：
    所述光伏电池串保护电器与电流测量模块放置在光伏汇流箱的一侧；
    所述直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器放置在光伏汇流箱的另一侧。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光伏汇流箱，其特征在于：
    所述光伏电池串保护电器为小型直流断路器时，可上下两排对应布置，电流检测模块位于上下两组保护电器之间，每组保护电器与电流检测模块采用活动方式连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的光伏汇流箱，其特征在于：
    所述保护电器为直流熔断器时，可正负极叠加布置，电流检测模块位于保护电器的上侧，保护电器与电流检测模块采用活动方式连接。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的光伏汇流箱，其特征在于：
    所述保护电器与电流检测模块之间可采用插接或螺钉固定的方式连接。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的光伏汇流箱，其特征在于：
    所述电源模块与控制器模块上下叠加设置，电源模块位于控制器模块下层，两者采用接插件进行连接，形成电源/控制器组合模块；
    所述电源/控制器组合模块设置于保护电器和电流检测模块上方。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的光伏汇流箱，其特征在于：
    所述直流隔离开关或直流塑壳式断路器设置于保护电器和电流检测模块的右侧。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的光伏汇流箱，其特征在于：
    当所述保护电器为熔断器时，可在光伏汇流箱中增加漏电流检测模块，实现漏电流的检测功能。
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