WO2015172681A1 - 电磁蓄能式无针注射器 - Google Patents

电磁蓄能式无针注射器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015172681A1
WO2015172681A1 PCT/CN2015/078564 CN2015078564W WO2015172681A1 WO 2015172681 A1 WO2015172681 A1 WO 2015172681A1 CN 2015078564 W CN2015078564 W CN 2015078564W WO 2015172681 A1 WO2015172681 A1 WO 2015172681A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impact
energy storage
pawl
armature
storage type
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/078564
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王明娣
孙万平
窦云霞
王传洋
Original Assignee
苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201410203372.4A external-priority patent/CN103977482B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410203398.9A external-priority patent/CN103977483B/zh
Application filed by 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 filed Critical 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院
Publication of WO2015172681A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015172681A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/30—Syringes for injection by jet action, without needle, e.g. for use with replaceable ampoules or carpules

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic energy storage type needleless injector.
  • the needle-free injection technology is used for drug injection without the aid of a needle.
  • the liquid medicine directly enters the body tissue by means of ultra-fine, high-speed, straight-line high-pressure jet, which solves a series of problems caused by the needle injection into the body.
  • problems caused by the needle injection into the body Such as: pain, bleeding, infection, tissue damage, psychological pressure of patients, etc.; at the same time, the distribution of drugs without needle injection in the tissue is more diffuse, which is conducive to the absorption of drugs, long-term injection of skin is not easy to induration. Therefore, needle-free injection technology has broad application prospects, especially for children vaccination and diabetes patients.
  • the former driving method requires a long idle stroke because the initial acceleration is small, and the latter driving method requires the short firing time, even at the millisecond level.
  • the work required for the process is bound to cause a large power of the driving device, and the volume of the syringe also tends to be bulky.
  • a needleless injection driving device based on a giant magnetostrictive material requires only about 20 kg of supermagnetostrictive material, and supermagnetic
  • the stretchable material is expensive, which results in a needle-free syringe that is expensive and cannot be promoted.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic energy storage type needle-free injector which is simple in structure, small in size, and light in weight.
  • An electromagnetic energy storage type needleless injector comprising an electric control device and an impact injection device, the impact injection device comprising a cylinder having an inner cavity, a front end cover fixed to the front end of the cylinder, and the cylinder
  • An impact armature disposed in the cylinder barrel in a front-rear direction, an electromagnetic coil fixed in the cylinder barrel for driving the impact armature to move back and forth during energization, and the front end cover is provided with a needle-free ampoule
  • the assembly, the needleless ampoule assembly includes at least a piston rod movable in a front-rear direction, the impact armature having an energy storage state and an impact state, and when the impact armature is in an energy storage state, the impact armature is stationary; When the impact armature is in an impact state, the impact armature strikes forward and drives the piston rod to move forward, and the impact injection device further includes a piston assembly on the cylinder for switching the working state of the
  • control mechanism includes a pawl rotatably disposed on the cylinder barrel, and one end of the pawl is rotatably resisted on the front end of the impact armature or disengaged from the impact armature.
  • an elastic member for driving the pawl to rotate against the front end of the impact armature is further disposed between the pawl and the cylinder barrel.
  • the elastic member is a spring provided at the other end of the pawl.
  • the pawl is L-shaped.
  • the front end of the cylinder is open with a through hole communicating with the inner cavity, and the end of the pawl is rotatably inserted into the through hole.
  • the impact armature is cylindrical.
  • the impact armature and the piston rod are disposed coaxially.
  • the rear end of the cylinder is closed by a rear end cover
  • the front end of the cylinder has an opening
  • the impact armature is formed by the rear end cover, the front end cover and the electromagnetic coil. Inside the cavity.
  • an electromagnetic energy storage type needleless injector comprising an electric control device and an impact injection device
  • the impact injection device comprising a cylinder having a cavity fixed to the front end of the cylinder a front end cover, an impact member disposed in the cylinder tube movably in the front-rear direction, and an electromagnetic driving device fixed in the cylinder barrel for driving the impact member to move back and forth
  • the electromagnetic driving device including the driving a block, the rear end of the impact member is magnetic and has a magnetic pole unchanged, and the driving block has a driving end that cooperates with a rear end of the impact member, the driving end is magnetic and the magnetic pole is changeable
  • the impact member Provided magnetically insulated from the cylinder, the front end cover is provided with a needleless ampoule assembly, the needleless ampoule assembly including at least a piston rod movable in a front-rear direction, the impact member being located in the cylinder tube Between the drive block and the piston rod,
  • the impact member has an energy storage state and an impact state.
  • the impact member When the impact member is in an energy storage state, the rear end of the impact member and the driving end have opposite polarities, and the impact member is stationary; when the impact member is at In the impact state, the rear end of the impact member and the driving end have the same polarity, the impact member impacts forward and drives the piston rod to move forward, and the impact injection device further includes a cylinder tube.
  • the impact member comprises a permanent magnet, a magnetic sleeve sleeve fixedly disposed on the permanent magnet, and the magnetic insulation sleeve is disposed on a front end and an outer circumference of the permanent magnet.
  • the electromagnetic driving device further includes an electromagnetic coil fixed in the cylinder, the driving block is an iron core fixedly disposed in the electromagnetic coil, and a magnetic pole of the iron core is connected with the electromagnetic inlet The change in the direction of the current in the electromagnetic coil changes.
  • control mechanism includes a pawl rotatably disposed on the cylinder barrel, and one end of the pawl rotatably abuts against or is disengaged from the front end of the impact member.
  • an elastic member for driving the pawl to rotate against the front end of the impact member is further disposed between the pawl and the cylinder barrel.
  • the elastic member is a spring provided at the other end of the pawl.
  • the pawl is L-shaped.
  • the front end of the cylinder is open with a through hole communicating with the inner cavity, and the end of the pawl is rotatably inserted into the through hole.
  • the cylinder, the driving block, the impact member, and the piston rod are disposed coaxially.
  • the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: the electromagnetic energy storage type needleless injector of the present invention, wherein the energy storage of the impact armature or the impact member is performed to a certain extent. After the instant firing, the initial acceleration is large, the empty stroke is greatly shortened, and the volume of the needle-free injector is reduced. At the same time, the needleless injector adopts direct current, and the safe voltage can be used, which is more convenient and safe to use.
  • the needle-free injector has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight, low manufacturing cost and wide application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a needle-free injector in an energy storage state according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the needle-free injector in an impact state according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a needle-free injector in an energy storage state according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the needle-free injector in an impact state according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 11 cylinder tube; 111 , rear end cover; 12 , front end cover; 13 , impact armature; 14 , electromagnetic coil; , needleless ampoule assembly; 151, piston rod; 152, liquid chamber; 16, control mechanism; 161, pawl; 162, spring; 163, shaft; 17; through hole;
  • Needle-free injectors include electrical control devices (not shown) and impact injection devices, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 Shown is the portion of the impact injection device of the needleless syringe.
  • the impact injection device includes a cylinder 11 having an internal cavity and a front end cover fixed to the front end of the cylinder 11
  • the impact armature 13 which is disposed in the cylinder tube 11 and which is movable in the front-rear direction of the cylinder tube 11 is fixed in the cylinder tube 11 for driving the impact armature 13 to move back and forth during energization.
  • the cylinder tube 11 has a hollow structure closed at the front end opening end, and the rear portion of the cylinder barrel 11 is closed by the rear end cover 111.
  • the impact armature 13 is located at the rear end cover 111, the front end cover 12 and the electromagnetic coil. 14 In the cavity formed by the surrounding, when the electromagnetic coil 14 is energized, a corresponding electromagnetic field is generated to apply the impact electromagnetic force of the armature 13 to drive it to move back and forth in the inner cavity of the cylinder 11.
  • the front end cover 12 is provided with a needle-free ampoule assembly 15 which has a needle-free ampoule assembly 15 and a front end cover 12 It is a detachable connection, which makes it easy to remove and replace it after one injection.
  • the needle-free ampoule assembly 15 includes a syringe having a drug solution chamber 152 and a piston rod 151 movable in the front-rear direction. At least a portion of the rear portion of the piston rod 151 is inserted into the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel 11 through the opening of the front end of the cylinder barrel 11, and when the impact armature 13 strikes the piston rod 151 forwardly, the piston rod 151 That is, the medicine is moved forward to push the medicine solution to achieve the injection.
  • the injection is completed, and the armature 13 is impacted.
  • the electromagnetic coil 14 The generated electromagnetic field causes it to obtain an electromagnetic driving force and continuously accumulates to generate a tendency to accelerate forward movement; in the impact state, the impact armature 13 moves forward and impacts the piston rod 151 to move forward.
  • the rear end of the piston rod 151 When the needleless ampoule assembly 15 is mounted on the front end cover 12, the rear end of the piston rod 151 is inserted into the inner cavity of the cylinder barrel 11, and The rear end of the piston rod 151 should be placed at an appropriate distance from the front end of the impact armature 13, so that after the impact armature 13 is stored, it is transferred to the impact state to drive the piston rod 151.
  • the armature 13 When the impact is injected, the armature 13 is impacted. The impact has reached a higher speed when in contact with the piston rod 151, so that the piston rod 151 can initially be impacted at a faster speed, avoiding the initial flow of the medicine from the injection and not entering the patient.
  • a control mechanism 16 for switching the working state of the impact armature 13 is also provided on the cylinder 11 . See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the present embodiment, the control mechanism 16 includes a pawl 161 rotatably disposed on the cylinder barrel 11 via a rotating shaft 163.
  • the pawl 161 has an L-shaped structure, and the cylinder 11
  • the upper opening is provided with a through hole 17 communicating with the inner cavity thereof, and the pawl end of the front portion of the pawl 161 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 17 and abuts against the front end of the impact armature 13, the rear end of the pawl 161 and the cylinder barrel 11
  • the front pawl end is abutted against the front end of the impact armature 13, so that the impact armature 13 is in an energy storage state, and when the injection is required after the end of the energy storage, the spring 162 is overcome by pressing the rear end of the pawl 161.
  • the elastic force causes the pawl 161 to rotate away from the impact armature 13, and the impact
  • the pawl end of the pawl 161 is resisted against the impact armature 13 in the initial state.
  • the needle-free ampoule assembly 15 containing the liquid medicine is mounted on the front end cover 12, and the rear portion of the piston rod 151 is inserted into the inner cavity of the cylinder tube 11 and located in front of the impact armature, and the piston rod 151 The rear end is at a certain distance from the front end of the impact armature 13.
  • a forward current is applied to the electromagnetic coil 14 through the electric control device, and an electromagnetic field of a forward current is generated to strike the armature.
  • the electromagnetic drive force causes the impact armature 13 to have a tendency to accelerate forward movement, but due to the action of the pawl 161, the impact armature 13 is at rest, as shown in Fig. 1. Shown.
  • the potential energy of the impact armature 13 accumulates more and more.
  • the rear end of the pawl 161 is mounted at the position of the spring 162, and the pawl 161 is rotated to break away from the impact armature 13
  • the impact armature 13 hits the piston rod 151 of the needle-free ampoule assembly 15 with a rapid acceleration to achieve the injection of the liquid, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the electromagnetic control device is passed to the electromagnetic coil. 14
  • the reverse current is applied, and the electromagnetic drive force generated by the reverse current drives the impact armature 13 to move backwards to achieve reset.
  • the initial acceleration is large due to the technique of instantaneously firing the electric energy storage, and the idle stroke can be greatly shortened, so that the volume of the impact injection device portion of the needle-free injector is greatly reduced, and the DC is used in the needle-free injector.
  • the safe voltage can be used, which is more convenient and safe to use.
  • the needle-free injector has a simple structure, small volume, light weight, low manufacturing cost, and can be widely applied.
  • Needle-free injectors include electrical control devices (not shown) and impact injection devices, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 Shown is the portion of the impact injection device of the needleless syringe.
  • the impact injection device includes a cylinder barrel 21 having an inner cavity, and a front end cover 22 fixed to the front end portion of the cylinder tube 21.
  • An impact member 24 disposed in the cylinder tube 21 and movable in the front-rear direction of the cylinder tube 21, and an electromagnetic driving device 23 fixed in the cylinder tube 21 for driving the impact member 24 to move forward and backward 21 is a hollow structure closed at the rear end of the front end opening, and the rear portion of the cylinder tube 21 is closed by the rear end cover 211.
  • the electromagnetic driving device 23 includes an electromagnetic coil 232 fixed in the cylinder 21 and fixedly disposed in the electromagnetic coil 232
  • the core 231 and the electromagnetic coil 232 change the direction of the current to change the magnetic pole of the front end of the core 231.
  • the impact member 24 includes a permanent magnet 241 and a fixed sleeve on the permanent magnet 241
  • the upper magnetic sleeve 242 and the magnetic insulating sleeve 242 are sleeved on the front end and the outer circumference of the permanent magnet 241 to prevent magnetic force between the permanent magnet 241 and the cylinder 21, and the permanent magnet 241 It has magnetic properties and the magnetic pole at its rear end is fixed.
  • the iron core 231 is used as the driving block, and the front end of the iron core 231 is a driving end that cooperates with the rear end of the permanent magnet 241, and the magnetic pole of the driving end follows the electromagnetic coil. 232 The direction of the current flowing changes.
  • the magnetic sleeve 242 can be made of copper.
  • the cylinder 21, the front end cover 22, and the like are made of a magnetic material, or the inner side wall of the cylinder 21 is plated with a magnetic material, The impact member 24 can be directly used with the permanent magnet 241.
  • the magnetic pole at the front end of the iron core 231 changes as the direction of the current flowing into the electromagnetic coil 232 changes, as the iron core 231
  • the magnetic pole at the front end is the same as the magnetic pole at the rear end of the permanent magnet 241
  • a repulsive force is generated between them; and when the current direction is switched, the magnetic pole at the front end of the iron core 231 is switched, and the core 231 and the permanent magnet 241 are connected. There is an attraction between them.
  • the impact member 24 can be driven to move back and forth in the cylinder 21 by the above-described repulsive force and attractive force.
  • the front end cover 22 is provided with a needleless ampoule assembly 25, the needleless ampoule assembly 25 and the front end cover 22 It is a detachable connection, which makes it easy to remove and replace it after one injection.
  • the needle-free ampoule assembly 25 includes a syringe having a drug solution chamber 252, a piston rod 251 movable in the front-rear direction, and a piston rod At least a portion of the rear portion of the 251 is inserted into the inner cavity of the cylinder tube 21 through the opening of the front end of the cylinder tube 21, and the impact member 24 is located between the iron core 231 and the piston rod 251, and the iron core 231, The impact member 24 and the piston rod 251 are disposed coaxially. When the impact member 24 strikes the piston rod 251 forward, the piston rod 251 moves forward to push the liquid to achieve injection.
  • the rear end of the piston rod 251 is inserted into the inner cavity of the cylinder tube 21, and the piston rod 251
  • the front end and the front end of the impact member 24 should be left at an appropriate distance so that after the impact member 24 is accumulatively stored, the impact member 24 is impacted and the piston rod is impacted when the impact is driven to the piston rod 251.
  • 251 has reached a higher speed when in contact, so that the piston rod 251 can initially impact at a faster speed, avoiding the initial flow of the drug and not entering the patient.
  • the injection is completed, and the impact member 24
  • the energy storage state and the trigger state are provided.
  • the impact member 24 is at a standstill state and is disengaged from the piston rod 251, and the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic drive device 23 is energized such that the iron core 231
  • the front end has the same magnetic pole as the rear end of the permanent magnet 241, so that the impact member 24 constantly has a tendency to move forward away from the iron core 231, and the impact member 24 can be made by continuously applying current.
  • the constant accumulation produces a tendency to accelerate forward movement; when the energy storage reaches a certain level, the impact member 24 is triggered, and the impact member 24 moves forward in the triggered state and impacts the piston rod 251 to move forward.
  • the cylinder 21 is also provided with a control mechanism 26 for switching the operating state of the impact member 24. See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the present embodiment, the control mechanism 26 includes a pawl 261 rotatably provided on the cylinder 21 via a rotating shaft 263.
  • the pawl 261 has an L-shaped configuration, and the cylinder 21
  • the upper opening is provided with a through hole 27 communicating with the inner cavity thereof, and the pawl end of the front portion of the pawl 261 is rotatably inserted into the through hole 27 and abuts against the front end of the impact member 24, the rear end of the pawl 261 and the cylinder 21
  • the pawl end of the front portion abuts against the front end of the impact member 24, so that the impact member 24 is in an energy storage state, and when the injection is required after the end of the energy storage, the spring 262 is overcome by pressing the rear end of the pawl 261.
  • the elastic force causes the pawl 61 to rotate away from the impact member 24, and the impact member 24 strikes forward and drives the
  • a needle-free ampoule assembly 25 containing a chemical solution is attached to the front end cover 22, and a forward current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil 232 through an electric control device to cause a core 231 in the electromagnetic coil 232.
  • the front end has the same magnetic pole as the rear end of the permanent magnet 241, and a repulsive force is generated between the iron core 231 and the permanent magnet 241, so that the impact member 24 is constantly located away from the iron core 231.
  • the tendency to move forward, by continuously applying current, allows the impact member 24 to continuously accumulate to produce a tendency to accelerate forward movement, but due to the action of the pawl 261, the impact member 24 is at rest, as shown in Fig. 1. Shown.
  • the current is getting larger and larger, the potential energy accumulated by the impact member 24 is more and more.
  • the pawl 261 is rotated away from the impact member 24, The impact member 24 strikes the piston rod 251 of the needle-free ampoule assembly 25 with a rapid acceleration to achieve the injection of the chemical solution, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the electromagnetic control unit 232 is passed through the electrical control unit.
  • a reverse current is applied so that the front end of the iron core 231 in the electromagnetic coil 232 has a magnetic pole opposite to the rear end of the permanent magnet 241, and the iron core 231 and the permanent magnet 241 Magnetic attraction is generated therebetween, so that the impact member 24 is moved rearward in the cylinder 21 to be reset.
  • the initial acceleration is large due to the technique of instantaneously firing the electric energy storage, and the idle stroke can be greatly shortened, so that the volume of the impact injection device portion of the needle-free injector is greatly reduced, and the needle-free injector is simultaneously reduced.
  • the needle-free injector has a simple structure, small volume, light weight, low manufacturing cost, and can be widely applied.

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Abstract

一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器。它包括电气控制装置和冲击注射装置，冲击注射装置包括具有内腔的缸筒（11，21）、固设于缸筒前端的前端盖（12，22）、可沿缸筒的前后方向移动地设于缸筒内的冲击衔铁（13）或冲击件（24）、固设在缸筒内用于在通电时驱动冲击衔铁或冲击件前后移动的电磁线圈（14，232），通过电蓄能，使蓄能到一定程度后再瞬间击发，初始加速度大，缩短了空行程，减小了无针注射器的体积，同时，该无针注射器中采用直流电，可使用安全电压，使用更为方便安全。该无针注射器结构简单，体积小、重量轻，制造成本低。

Description

电磁蓄能式无针注射器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器。
背景技术
无针注射技术是在进行药物注射时不借助针头，液体药物以超细、高速、直线喷出高压射流的方式直接进入机体组织，解决了传统注射由于针头刺入机体而带来的一系列问题，如：疼痛、出血、感染、组织损伤、患者心理压力等；同时，经无针注射的药物在组织内的分布更为弥散，有利于药物的吸收，长时间注射皮肤不易起硬结。因此，无针注射技术具有广阔的应用前景，尤其适用于儿童疫苗接种及糖尿病患者。
现有技术中，无针注射器大多采用的是电磁驱动式的结构，其主要有两种，一种是利用电磁铁铁芯产生的推力和动能来驱动的，如专利号为ZL 200910153212.2、专利名称为'电磁力驱动的连续无针注射系统'中国专利文献公开的结构，或者利用永磁铁助力和电磁铁产生的推力和动能来驱动，如专利号为ZL201220354008.4、专利名称为'一种无针注射器'的中国专利文献公开的结构；另一种则是利用超磁致伸缩材料的瞬间微量位移进行的基于面积原理的行程放大后进行驱动，如专利号为ZL200620139203.X、专利名称为'磁致伸缩驱动的无针头注射器'中国专利文献中的结构。
上述两种驱动方式中，前一种驱动方式由于初始加速度较小，因此需要一段较长的空行程，而后一种驱动方式则由于击发时间较短，甚至在毫秒的级别上，所以要实现注射过程所需的做功，势必造成驱动装置的功率很大，注射器的体积也趋于庞大，例如基于超磁致伸缩材料的无针注射驱动装置仅超磁致伸缩材料就大约需要20kg，而超磁致伸缩材料价格昂贵，因此造成无针注射器造价高昂，产品无法推广使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供 一种结构简单且体积小、重量轻的电磁蓄能式无针注射器。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的一种技术方案是： 一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，包括电气控制装置和冲击注射装置，所述冲击注射装置包括具有内腔的缸筒、固设于所述缸筒前端的前端盖、可沿所述缸筒的前后方向移动地设于所述缸筒内的冲击衔铁、固设在所述缸筒内用于在通电时驱动所述冲击衔铁前后移动的电磁线圈，所述前端盖上设有无针安瓿组件，所述无针安瓿组件至少包括可沿前后方向移动的活塞杆，所述冲击衔铁具有蓄能状态和冲击状态，当所述冲击衔铁处于蓄能状态时，所述冲击衔铁静止；当所述冲击衔铁处于冲击状态时，所述冲击衔铁向前冲击并驱动所述活塞杆向前移动，所述冲击注射装置还包括设于所述缸筒上的用于切换所述冲击衔铁工作状态的控制机构。
优选地，所述控制机构包括转动地设于所述缸筒上的棘爪，所述棘爪的一端可转动地抵挡在所述冲击衔铁的前端上或与所述冲击衔铁相脱离。
更优选地，所述棘爪与所述缸筒之间还设有用于驱动所述棘爪旋转使其抵挡在所述冲击衔铁前端的弹性件。
进一步地，所述弹性件为设于所述棘爪另一端的弹簧。
更优选地，所述棘爪呈 L 型。
更优选地，所述缸筒的前端开设有与其内腔相连通的通孔，所述棘爪的端部可转动地插设所述通孔中。
优选地，所述冲击衔铁呈圆柱体状。
优选地，：所述冲击衔铁、所述活塞杆同轴心线设置。
优选地，所述缸筒的后端通过后端盖封闭设置，所述缸筒的前端具有开口，所述冲击衔铁位于所述后端盖、所述前端盖及所述电磁线圈所包围形成的容腔内。
优选你的，当所述冲击衔铁处于蓄能状态时，所述冲击衔铁的前端与所述活塞杆的后端之间存在间距。
本发明采取的又一技术方案是：一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，包括电气控制装置和冲击注射装置，所述冲击注射装置包括具有内腔的缸筒、固设于所述缸筒前端的前端盖、可沿前后方向移动地设于所述缸筒内的冲击件、固设于所述缸筒内用于驱动所述冲击件前后移动的电磁驱动装置，所述电磁驱动装置包括驱动块，所述冲击件的后端具有磁性且磁极不变，所述驱动块具有与所述冲击件的后端相配合的驱动端，所述驱动端具有磁性且磁极可变换，所述冲击件与所述缸筒磁绝缘地设置，所述前端盖上设有无针安瓿组件，所述无针安瓿组件至少包括可沿前后方向移动的活塞杆，所述冲击件在所述缸筒中位于所述驱动块与所述活塞杆之间，
所述冲击件具有蓄能状态和冲击状态，当所述冲击件处于蓄能状态时，所述冲击件后端和所述驱动端的极性相反，所述冲击件静止；当所述冲击件处于冲击状态时，所述冲击件后端和所述驱动端的极性相同，所述冲击件向前冲击并驱动所述活塞杆向前移动，所述冲击注射装置还包括设于所述缸筒上的用于切换所述冲击件工作状态的控制机构。
优选地，所述冲击件包括永磁铁、固定套设在所述永磁体上的绝磁套，所述绝磁套套设在所述永磁铁的前端与外侧周部上。
优选地，所述电磁驱动装置还包括固设于所述缸筒内的电磁线圈，所述驱动块为固定穿设在所述电磁线圈中的铁芯，所述铁芯的磁极随通入所述电磁线圈中电流方向的变化而改变。
优选地，所述控制机构包括转动地设于所述缸筒上的棘爪，所述棘爪的一端可转动地抵挡在所述冲击件的前端上或与所述冲击件相脱离。
更优选地，所述棘爪与所述缸筒之间还设有用于驱动所述棘爪旋转使其抵挡在所述冲击件前端的弹性件。
进一步地，所述弹性件为设于所述棘爪另一端的弹簧。
更优选地，所述棘爪呈 L 型。
更优选地，所述缸筒的前端开设有与其内腔相连通的通孔，所述棘爪的端部可转动地插设所述通孔中。
更优选地，所述缸筒、所述驱动块、所述冲击件、所述活塞杆同轴心线设置。
优选地，当所述冲击件处于蓄能状态时，所述冲击件的前端与所述活塞杆的后端之间存在间距。
由于上述技术方案的运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其中通过对冲击衔铁或冲击件进行电蓄能，使其蓄能到一定程度后再瞬间击发，初始加速度大，大幅地缩短了空行程，减小了无针注射器的体积，同时，该无针注射器中采用直流电，可使用安全电压，使用更为方便安全。该无针注射器结构简单，体积小、重量轻，制造成本低，可广泛地推广应用。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明实施例一的无针注射器处于蓄能状态下的内部结构示意图；
图 2 为本发明实施例一的无针注射器处于冲击状态下的内部结构示意图；
图 3 为本发明实施例二的无针注射器处于蓄能状态下的内部结构示意图；
图 4 为本发明实施例二的无针注射器处于冲击状态下的内部结构示意图。
其中： 11 、缸筒； 111 、后端盖； 12 、前端盖； 13 、冲击衔铁； 14 、电磁线圈； 15 、无针安瓿组件； 151 、活塞杆； 152 、药液腔； 16 、控制机构； 161 、棘爪； 162 、弹簧； 163 、转轴； 17 、通孔；
21 、缸筒； 211 、后端盖； 22 、前端盖； 23 、电磁驱动装置； 231 、铁芯； 232 、电磁线圈； 24 、冲击件； 241 、永磁铁； 242 、绝磁套； 25 、无针安瓿组件； 251 、活塞杆； 252 、药液腔； 26 、控制机构； 261 、棘爪； 262 、弹簧； 263 、转轴； 27 、通孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体的实施例来对本发明的技术方案作进一步的阐述。
以下关于方向的描述中，均是按照注射操作时操作者观察到的方向进行定义的，其中注射端为前，反之为后。
实施例一
无针注射器包括电气控制装置（图中未示出）和冲击注射装置，参见图 1 、图 2 所示的为该无针注射器的冲击注射装置部分。参见图 1 、图 2 所示，该冲击注射装置包括具有内腔的缸筒 11 、固设于缸筒 11 前端部的 前端盖 12 、可沿缸筒 11 的前后方向移动地设于缸筒 11 内的 冲击衔铁 13 、固设于缸筒 11 内用于在通电时驱动 冲击衔铁 13 前后移动的 电磁线圈 14 ，缸筒 11 呈前端开口后端封闭的中空状结构，缸筒 11 的后部通过后端盖 111 封闭， 冲击衔铁 13 位于后端盖 111 、 前端盖 12 及 电磁线圈 14 所包围形成的容腔内，当 电磁线圈 14 通电时，即可产生相应的电磁场而施加 冲击衔铁 13 电磁驱力，从而驱动其在缸筒 11 的内腔中前后移动。
前端盖 12 上设有无针安瓿组件 15 ，该无针安瓿组件 15 与 前端盖 12 为可拆卸式连接，这样可方便在一次注射完成后将其拆卸下来替换。该无针安瓿组件 15 包括具有 药液腔 152 的针筒、可沿前后方向移动的 活塞杆 151 ， 活塞杆 151 的后部至少有部分通过缸筒 11 前端的开口而插在缸筒 11 的内腔中，当 冲击衔铁 13 向前冲击碰触到 活塞杆 151 时， 活塞杆 151 即向前移动而推挤药液而实现注射。
为使得注射时 冲击衔铁 13 能以较大的冲击力来冲击 活塞杆 151 完成注射， 冲击衔铁 13 具有蓄能状态和冲击状态，在蓄能状态下， 冲击衔铁 13 处于静止状态且 冲击衔铁 13 与 活塞杆 151 相脱离， 电磁线圈 14 产生的电磁场使其获得电磁驱力，并不断地蓄积产生加速向前运动的趋势；在冲击状态下， 冲击衔铁 13 向前移动并冲击 活塞杆 151 向前移动。
无针安瓿组件 15 安装在 前端盖 12 上时，其 活塞杆 151 后部插在缸筒 11 的内腔中，且 活塞杆 151 后端与 冲击衔铁 13 的前端应留有适当的距离，这样在 冲击衔铁 13 蓄能后转至冲击状态驱动 活塞杆 151 冲击注射时， 冲击衔铁 13 冲击至与 活塞杆 151 相接触时已经达到较高的速度，使得 活塞杆 151 初始时便能以较快的速度冲击，避免注射初始时药液流出而不能进入患者体内。
缸筒 11 上还设有用于切换 冲击衔铁 13 工作状态的控制机构 16 。参见图 1 、图 2 所示，本实施例中，该控制机构 16 包括通过转轴 163 转动地设于缸筒 11 上的棘爪 161 ，该棘爪 161 采用 L 型的结构，缸筒 11 上开设有与其内腔相连通的通孔 17 ，棘爪 161 前部的棘爪端可转动地插入通孔 17 中并抵触在 冲击衔铁 13 的前端，棘爪 161 的后端与缸筒 11 之间设有弹簧 162 ，弹簧 162 应具有较好的刚度，这样在常态下，在弹簧 162 产生向外推动棘爪 161 的弹性力的作用下，棘爪 161 前部的棘爪端抵挡在 冲击衔铁 13 的前端上，使得 冲击衔铁 13 处于蓄能状态，当蓄能结束后需要注射时，则通过按压棘爪 161 后端，克服弹簧 162 的弹性力使得棘爪 161 转动而脱离 冲击衔铁 13 ， 冲击衔铁 13 则向前冲击并驱动 活塞杆 151 向前移动而实现注射。
该无针注射器在使用时，初始状态下，棘爪 161 的棘爪端抵挡在 冲击衔铁 13 上，将装有药液的无针安瓿组件 15 安装至 前端盖 12 上， 活塞杆 151 的后部插在缸筒 11 的内腔中并位于冲击衔铁的前方，且 活塞杆 151 的后端与 冲击衔铁 13 的前端保持一定的距离。
首先通过电气控制装置向 电磁线圈 14 通入正向电流，产生正向电流的电磁场对 冲击衔铁 13 施加向前的电磁驱力，电磁驱力使得 冲击衔铁 13 有加速向前运动的趋势，但由于棘爪 161 的作用， 冲击衔铁 13 处于静止状态，如图 1 所示。当电流越来越大时， 冲击衔铁 13 蓄积的势能越来越多，此时按动棘爪 161 的后端安装弹簧 162 位置处，棘爪 161 转动而脱离 冲击衔铁 13 ， 冲击衔铁 13 便以很快的加速度撞击无针安瓿组件 15 的 活塞杆 151 ，实现药液的注射，参见图 2 所示。注射完成后，则通过电气控制装置向 电磁线圈 14 通入反向电流，反向电流产生的电磁驱力驱动 冲击衔铁 13 向后运动实现复位。
该无针注射器中由于采用电蓄能瞬间击发的技术，初始加速度会很大，可以大大缩短空行程，使得无针注射器的冲击注射装置部分的体积大幅减小，同时该无针注射器中采用直流电，可使用安全电压，使用更为方便安全。综上，该无针注射器结构简单，体积小、重量轻，制造成本低，可广泛地推广应用。
实施例二
无针注射器包括电气控制装置（图中未示出）和冲击注射装置，参见图 1 、图 2 所示的为该无针注射器的冲击注射装置部分。参见图 1 、图 2 所示，该冲击注射装置包括具有内腔的缸筒 21 、固设于缸筒 21 前端部的 前端盖 22 、可沿缸筒 21 的前后方向移动地设于缸筒 21 内的 冲击件 24 、固设于缸筒 21 内用于驱动 冲击件 24 前后移动的 电磁驱动装置 23 ，缸筒 21 呈前端开口后端封闭的中空状结构，缸筒 21 的后部通过后端盖 211 封闭。
电磁驱动装置 23 包括固设于缸筒 21 内的 电磁线圈 232 及固定地穿设在 电磁线圈 232 内的 铁芯 231 ， 电磁线圈 232 通入电流方向改变即可使得 铁芯 231 前端的磁极发生改变。 冲击件 24 包括永磁铁 241 和固定套设在永磁铁 241 上的绝磁套 242 ，绝磁套 242 套设在永磁铁 241 的前端与外侧周部上以防止永磁铁 241 与缸筒 21 间产生磁性，永磁铁 241 具有磁性且其后端的磁极固定不变。本实施例采用铁芯 231 作为驱动块，铁芯 231 的前端即为与永磁铁 241 后端相配合的驱动端，驱动端的磁极随着电磁线圈 232 通入电流的方向改变。绝磁套 242 可采用铜套。当然，若缸筒 21 、 前端盖 22 等采用绝磁材料制成，或者缸筒 21 的内腔侧壁镀设绝磁材料， 冲击件 24 直接采用永磁铁 241 即可。当 电磁线圈 232 通电后， 铁芯 231 前端的磁极随通入 电磁线圈 232 中电流方向的变化而改变，当 铁芯 231 前端的磁极与永磁铁 241 后端的磁极相同时，两者之间产生排斥力；而当电流方向转换时， 铁芯 231 前端的磁极转换， 铁芯 231 与永磁铁 241 之间产生吸引力。通过上述排斥力与吸引力可驱动 冲击件 24 在缸筒 21 内前后移动。
前端盖 22 上设有无针安瓿组件 25 ，该无针安瓿组件 25 与 前端盖 22 为可拆卸式连接，这样可方便在一次注射完成后将其拆卸下来替换。该无针安瓿组件 25 包括具有药液腔 252 的针筒、可沿前后方向移动的活塞杆 251 ，活塞杆 251 的后部至少有部分通过缸筒 21 前端的开口而插在缸筒 21 的内腔中， 冲击件 24 位于 铁芯 231 与活塞杆 251 之间， 铁芯 231 、 冲击件 24 及活塞杆 251 同轴心线设置，当 冲击件 24 向前冲击碰触到活塞杆 251 时，活塞杆 251 即向前移动而推挤药液实现注射。
无针安瓿组件 25 安装在 前端盖 22 上时，其活塞杆 251 后部插在缸筒 21 的内腔中，且活塞杆 251 后端与 冲击件 24 的前端应留有适当的距离，这样在 冲击件 24 蓄能后转至冲击状态驱动活塞杆 251 冲击注射时， 冲击件 24 冲击至与活塞杆 251 相接触时已经达到较高的速度，使得活塞杆 251 初始时便能以较快的速度冲击，避免注射初始时药液流出而不能进入患者体内。
为使得注射时 冲击件 24 能以较大的冲击力来冲击活塞杆 251 完成注射， 冲击件 24 具有蓄能状态和触发状态，在蓄能状态下， 冲击件 24 处于静止状态且与活塞杆 251 相脱离， 电磁驱动装置 23 通电后产生的电磁场使得 铁芯 231 的前端具有与永磁铁 241 后端相同的磁极，使得 冲击件 24 不断地具有远离 铁芯 231 向前移动的趋势，通过持续地通入电流，可使得 冲击件 24 不断地蓄积产生加速向前运动的趋势；当蓄能到一定程度后，则使得 冲击件 24 触发， 冲击件 24 在触发状态下向前移动并冲击活塞杆 251 向前移动。
缸筒 21 上还设有用于切换 冲击件 24 工作状态的控制机构 26 。参见图 1 、图 2 所示，本实施例中，该控制机构 26 包括通过转轴 263 转动地设于缸筒 21 上的棘爪 261 ，该棘爪 261 采用 L 型的结构，缸筒 21 上开设有与其内腔相连通的通孔 27 ，棘爪 261 前部的棘爪端可转动地插入通孔 27 中并抵触在 冲击件 24 的前端，棘爪 261 的后端与缸筒 21 之间设有弹簧 262 ，弹簧 262 应具有较好的刚度，这样在常态下，在弹簧 262 产生向外推动棘爪 261 的弹性力的作用下，棘爪 261 前部的棘爪端抵挡在 冲击件 24 的前端上，使得 冲击件 24 处于蓄能状态，当蓄能结束后需要注射时，则通过按压棘爪 261 后端，克服弹簧 262 的弹性力使得棘爪 61 转动而脱离 冲击件 24 ， 冲击件 24 则向前冲击并驱动活塞杆 251 向前移动而实现注射。
该无针注射器在使用时，初始状态下，棘爪 261 的棘爪端抵挡在 冲击件 24 的前端，将装有药液的无针安瓿组件 25 安装至 前端盖 22 上，通过电气控制装置向 电磁线圈 232 通入正向电流，使 电磁线圈 232 内的 铁芯 231 的前端具有与永磁铁 241 后端相同的磁极， 铁芯 231 与永磁铁 241 之间产生排斥力，使得 冲击件 24 不断地具有远离 铁芯 231 向前移动的趋势，通过持续地通入电流，可使得 冲击件 24 不断地蓄积产生加速向前运动的趋势，但由于棘爪 261 的作用， 冲击件 24 处于静止状态，如图 1 所示。当电流越来越大时， 冲击件 24 蓄积的势能越来越多，此时按动棘爪 261 后端安装弹簧 262 的位置处，棘爪 261 转动而脱离 冲击件 24 ， 冲击件 24 便以很快的加速度撞击无针安瓿组件 25 的活塞杆 251 ，实现药液的注射，参见图 2 所示。注射完成后，则通过电气控制装置向 电磁线圈 232 通入反向电流，使 电磁线圈 232 内的 铁芯 231 的前端具有与永磁铁 241 后端相反的磁极， 铁芯 231 与永磁铁 241 之间产生磁性引力，从而使得 冲击件 24 在缸筒 21 中向后移动而复位。
综上，该无针注射器中由于采用电蓄能瞬间击发的技术，初始加速度会很大，可以大大缩短空行程，使得无针注射器的冲击注射装置部分的体积大幅减小，同时该无针注射器中采用直流电，可使用安全电压，使用更为方便安全。综上，该无针注射器结构简单，体积小、重量轻，制造成本低，可广泛地推广应用。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，包括电气控制装置和冲击注射装置，其特征在于：所述冲击注射装置包括具有内腔的缸筒、固设于所述缸筒前端的前端盖、可沿所述缸筒的前后方向移动地设于所述缸筒内的冲击衔铁、固设在所述缸筒内用于在通电时驱动所述冲击衔铁前后移动的电磁线圈，所述前端盖上设有无针安瓿组件，所述无针安瓿组件至少包括可沿前后方向移动的活塞杆，所述冲击衔铁具有蓄能状态和冲击状态，当所述冲击衔铁处于蓄能状态时，所述冲击衔铁静止；当所述冲击衔铁处于冲击状态时，所述冲击衔铁向前冲击并驱动所述活塞杆向前移动，所述冲击注射装置还包括设于所述缸筒上的用于切换所述冲击衔铁工作状态的控制机构。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述控制机构包括转动地设于所述缸筒上的棘爪，所述棘爪的一端可转动地抵挡在所述冲击衔铁的前端上或与所述冲击衔铁相脱离。
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述棘爪与所述缸筒之间还设有用于驱动所述棘爪旋转使其抵挡在所述冲击衔铁前端的弹性件。
  4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述弹性件为设于所述棘爪另一端的弹簧。
  5. 根据权利要求 2 或 3 或 4 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述棘爪呈 L 型。
  6. 根据权利要求 2 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述缸筒的前端开设有与其内腔相连通的通孔，所述棘爪的端部可转动地插设所述通孔中。
  7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述冲击衔铁呈圆柱体状。
  8. 根据权利要求 1 或 7 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述冲击衔铁、所述活塞杆同轴心线设置。
  9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述缸筒的后端通过后端盖封闭设置，所述缸筒的前端具有开口，所述冲击衔铁位于所述后端盖、所述前端盖及所述电磁线圈所包围形成的容腔内。
  10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：当所述冲击衔铁处于蓄能状态时，所述冲击衔铁的前端与所述活塞杆的后端之间存在间距。
  11. 一种电磁蓄能式无针注射器，包括电气控制装置和冲击注射装置，其特征在于：所述冲击注射装置包括具有内腔的缸筒、固设于所述缸筒前端的前端盖、可沿前后方向移动地设于所述缸筒内的冲击件、固设于所述缸筒内用于驱动所述冲击件前后移动的电磁驱动装置，所述电磁驱动装置包括驱动块，所述冲击件的后端具有磁性且磁极不变，所述驱动块具有与所述冲击件的后端相配合的驱动端，所述驱动端具有磁性且磁极可变换，所述冲击件与所述缸筒磁绝缘地设置，所述前端盖上设有无针安瓿组件，所述无针安瓿组件至少包括可沿前后方向移动的活塞杆，所述冲击件在所述缸筒中位于所述驱动块与所述活塞杆之间，
    所述冲击件具有蓄能状态和冲击状态，当所述冲击件处于蓄能状态时，所述冲击件后端和所述驱动端的极性相反，所述冲击件静止；当所述冲击件处于冲击状态时，所述冲击件后端和所述驱动端的极性相同，所述冲击件向前冲击并驱动所述活塞杆向前移动，所述冲击注射装置还包括设于所述缸筒上的用于切换所述冲击件工作状态的控制机构。
  12. 根据权利要求 11 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述冲击件包括永磁铁、固定套设在所述永磁体上的绝磁套，所述绝磁套套设在所述永磁铁的前端与外侧周部上。
  13. 根据权利要求 11 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述电磁驱动装置还包括固设于所述缸筒内的电磁线圈，所述驱动块为固定穿设在所述电磁线圈中的铁芯，所述铁芯的磁极随通入所述电磁线圈中电流方向的变化而改变。
  14. 根据权利要求 11 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述控制机构包括转动地设于所述缸筒上的棘爪，所述棘爪的一端可转动地抵挡在所述冲击件的前端上或与所述冲击件相脱离。
  15. 根据权利要求 14 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述棘爪与所述缸筒之间还设有用于驱动所述棘爪旋转使其抵挡在所述冲击件前端的弹性件。
  16. 根据权利要求 15 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述弹性件为设于所述棘爪另一端的弹簧。
  17. 根据权利要求 14 或 15 或 16 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述棘爪呈 L 型。
  18. 根据权利要求 14 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述缸筒的前端开设有与其内腔相连通的通孔，所述棘爪的端部可转动地插设所述通孔中。
  19. 根据权利要求 14 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：所述缸筒、所述驱动块、所述冲击件、所述活塞杆同轴心线设置。
  20. 根据权利要求 11 所述的电磁蓄能式无针注射器，其特征在于：当所述冲击件处于蓄能状态时，所述冲击件的前端与所述活塞杆的后端之间存在间距。
PCT/CN2015/078564 2014-05-14 2015-05-08 电磁蓄能式无针注射器 WO2015172681A1 (zh)

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