WO2015172676A1 - 动态电子光栅及高分辨率立体显示器 - Google Patents

动态电子光栅及高分辨率立体显示器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015172676A1
WO2015172676A1 PCT/CN2015/078516 CN2015078516W WO2015172676A1 WO 2015172676 A1 WO2015172676 A1 WO 2015172676A1 CN 2015078516 W CN2015078516 W CN 2015078516W WO 2015172676 A1 WO2015172676 A1 WO 2015172676A1
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grating
dynamic electronic
display
liquid crystal
pixel
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PCT/CN2015/078516
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English (en)
French (fr)
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薄淑英
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北京康得新三维科技有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2015172676A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015172676A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to display technology, and in particular to a high resolution autostereoscopic display and Dynamic electronic raster, autostereoscopic display can be used for stereo TV, 3D game consoles, 3D advertising, etc.
  • a grating stereoscopic display which is formed by adding a grating on a planar matrix display, and is divided into a grating front type and a grating rear type, that is, a grating can be used.
  • the grating Located on the side of the backlight and the matrix display panel or the matrix display panel facing the viewer, the grating may be a lenticular grating or a slit grating.
  • the raster autostereoscopic display is further divided into binocular parallax and multi-view stereo display.
  • the multi-view stereo display has good viewing freedom and comfort, and is suitable for multiple people to watch at the same time, which becomes the focus of development and application.
  • the autostereoscopic display requires multi-viewpoint splitting of the display pixels, which inevitably leads to a reduction in image sharpness, that is, the viewing degree of freedom is in conflict with the image sharpness, and most stereoscopic displays are not suitable for displaying fine stereoscopic images and characters.
  • Patent application 2012102314894 The combination of multiplier refresh and high-density panel technology greatly increases the pixel density of the display panel, resulting in higher stereo display clarity and a more free viewing angle.
  • the switching grating is actually a dynamic electronic grating, which is one of the three modules constituting the autostereoscopic display, and forms a naked-eye stereoscopic display together with the backlight module and the liquid crystal module.
  • the switching grating that is, the dynamic electronic grating has the same refresh rate as the flat panel display, and the pitch is determined according to the pixel size of the display screen, the number of stereo image viewpoints, and the tilt angle of the grating, and is divided into a slit grating and a lenticular grating.
  • Dynamic electronic grating N The states are sequentially switched within a basic period, which is equivalent to the dynamic electronic grating moving horizontally from the initial state, and the visible sub-pixels are sequentially displayed at different positions of the display screen and uniformly distributed, thereby improving the stereoscopic image under the premise of ensuring a large viewing angle. Sharpness.
  • the voltage control can be quickly switched between different states, which is called instantaneous switching, and is suitable for application in LED on the autostereoscopic display.
  • LCD A notable feature of the display is that the pixel is always displayed before the new data is scanned. Therefore, the switching between the image and the image is completed step by step. If the matching dynamic electronic grating adopts the method of instantaneous switching, The resolution is reduced due to pixel ghosting.
  • the invention is a patent application 2012102314894
  • the liquid crystal lattice structure and scanning method are applied to the dynamic electronic grating, so that the switching between different states of the grating is also completed by stepwise scanning, thereby The switching between the display image and the image is completely synchronized for a clearer free stereo display.
  • the invention discloses a structure and a principle of a dynamic electronic grating, and aims to provide a grating module, and a liquid crystal module and a backlight module can form a high-definition wide viewing angle naked-eye stereoscopic display, which can play HD 2D/3D. Program.
  • a dynamic electronic grating including a lenticular grating (16) And the switchable slit grating, the pitch of the switchable slit grating P is N times the pitch of the lenticular grating p, and the N states of the switchable slit grating are sequentially switched, N
  • the adjacent cylindrical mirrors are sequentially turned on and off;
  • the switchable slit grating adopts a matrix type liquid crystal screen to realize light penetration and shielding, and the matrix type liquid crystal screen includes IPO glass (18), liquid crystal layer (19) and polarizer ( 17), the polarizer (17) is farthest from the lenticular grating, the liquid crystal layer (18) is located between the two layers of IPO glass (18), and the first layer of the two layers of IPO glass is in the polarizer (17) Between the liquid crystal layer (19), the second layer of the two layers of IPO glass is between the lenticular grating and the liquid crystal layer (19); wherein the light shielding strip
  • the matrix type liquid crystal display has a black and white binary value
  • the pixel shape is a rectangle or a parallelogram
  • the matrix column and the pixel column of the matrix type liquid crystal screen have black lines (5) Separated, there is no gap between the pixel row and the pixel row, the pixel width is equal to the lenticular grating pitch p, and the pixel height is equal to M times the pixel pitch of the LCD display, where M is a positive integer.
  • M is 10 .
  • the switchable slit grating is a 2x dynamic electronic grating having a horizontal period of 1 black 1 Two pixels in white, the switchable slit grating has an initial state and a second state, and when the switchable slit grating is switched between the initial state and the second state, respectively, the image T1 on the LCD display screen is synchronously displayed And T2
  • the matrix LCD screen and LCD display have a refresh rate of 120Hz.
  • the switchable slit grating is a 4x dynamic electronic grating having a horizontal period of 3 black 1 Four pixels in white, the switchable slit grating has an initial state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state, when the switchable slit grating is in an initial state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth Switch between states and display separately Images T1, T2, T3, and T4 on the LCD display; the matrix LCD and LCD display have a refresh rate of 240 Hz.
  • the switchable slit grating realized by the matrix type liquid crystal panel and the LCD display screen for displaying images adopt a progressive scan method in the synchronizer ( 4) Synchronously refresh the image data under control.
  • each line of the dynamic electronic raster corresponds to the LCD display scan M Row.
  • the width of the transparent slit of the switchable slit grating is not greater than the grating grating pitch p.
  • a high resolution stereoscopic display comprising an LCD display (2), a multiplier player (3) a synchronizer (4) and the dynamic electronic grating (1), the LCD display (2) refreshes the image at N times the fundamental frequency under the control of the multiplier player (3), the synchronizer (4) The control dynamic electronic grating (1) and the LCD display (2) are scanned at the same frequency, where N ⁇ 2 .
  • a dynamic electronic grating is utilized, and
  • the multi-frequency refresh technology can greatly improve the sharpness and field of view of the autostereoscopic display. It can directly display high-definition images without 2D/3D conversion.
  • the stereo image has the advantages of wide viewing angle, large depth of field and high definition.
  • Fig. 1A is a side view of the stereoscopic display
  • Fig. 1B is a front view of the stereoscopic display.
  • Figure 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dynamic electronic grating.
  • Figure 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the initial state of the dynamic electron grating.
  • 2C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second state of the dynamic electron grating.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel structure of a switchable slit grating matrix type liquid crystal panel.
  • Figure 4A is a schematic diagram of the initial state of a 2x dynamic electronic grating and an LCD display.
  • Figure 4B is a schematic diagram of the progressive progressive scan state of the 2x frequency dynamic electronic grating and the LCD display.
  • Figure 4C is a schematic diagram of the second state of the 2x dynamic electronic grating and the LCD display.
  • the dynamic electronic grating can The LCD module and the backlight module can form a high-definition wide-angle stereoscopic stereoscopic display to play high-definition 2D/3D programs.
  • the LCD stereoscopic display is composed of a grating module, a liquid crystal module, a backlight module, a synchronizer, and a frequency multiplier player, wherein the liquid crystal module and the backlight module constitute LCD display. Therefore, the structure of the LCD stereoscopic display can be simply attributed to a dynamic electronic grating (1), an LCD display (2), a multiplier player (3), and a synchronizer (4). ) ,As shown in Figure 1 .
  • the dynamic electron grating (1) consists of a lenticular grating (16) and The switchable slit grating is formed, and the pitch P of the switchable slit grating is N times the pitch of the lenticular grating p, and the width of the transparent slit is not larger than the grating grating pitch p, facing the light transmission gap (21 The cylinder is in the on state, and the cylinder facing the light bar (20) is off.
  • N When switching between N states of the switchable slit grating, N The adjacent cylinders are sequentially turned on and off, equivalent to a horizontal movement scan of the lenticular grating with a pitch of P.
  • the switchable slit grating can be realized by a matrix type liquid crystal screen, that is, a polarizer (17), an IPO glass (18) ), the liquid crystal layer (19), the IPO glass (18), and the polarizer (17) constitute a matrix type liquid crystal panel. Since the outermost layer of the LCD display has a polarizer, the inner polarizer ( 17 ) Can be omitted.
  • the matrix type liquid crystal screen used in the switchable slit grating has the following comparison with the LCD display screen.
  • the LCD display ( 2 ) has a point-to-point display function and an image refresh rate of 120 Hz or more.
  • Display with base frequency N The screen image is alternately refreshed, and the fundamental frequency is generally 60 Hz, and may be other suitable frequencies, that is, the refresh rate of the display screen is equal to N times the fundamental frequency.
  • the high-resolution stereo composite image of each frame output by the multi-frequency player (3) is decomposed into N
  • the full-resolution sub-image is displayed point-to-point in a basic refresh cycle, ie 1/60 seconds, N ⁇ 2, and the synchronizer (4) controls the dynamic electronic grating (1) and the LCD display (2) Synchronous scanning at the same frequency, progressive switching, the decomposed N sub-images
  • the sub-pixels of the same viewpoint are superimposed into a single-frame N-resolution stereo image.
  • Full resolution refers to the LCD display ( 2 The physical resolution is the highest resolution that can be displayed, while images above the full resolution cannot be displayed at one time.
  • the full resolution is 3840*2160, and the display is 9 Viewpoint stereo video has a resolution of 720P; with 4x technology, you can get 36 viewpoints 720P, or 20 viewpoints 966P Stereoscopic image with sharpness, wide field of view; no multi-frequency technology, to achieve the same field of view and clarity, requires more than 12K LCD Display.
  • the use of ultra-high resolution display and multi-frequency technology can improve the clarity of stereo images. In comparison, the advantages of using frequency multiplication technology are outstanding:
  • the line scans the black and white binary matrix.
  • the dynamic electronic grating composed of the liquid crystal screen.
  • the dynamic electron grating (1) is composed of a lenticular grating (16) and a switchable slit grating, and the switchable slit grating is realized by a matrix type liquid crystal screen, and the first polarizer (17), The IPO glass (18), the liquid crystal layer (19), the IPO glass (18), and the second polarizer (17) constitute a matrix type liquid crystal panel.
  • the first polarizer is farthest from the lenticular grating (1), the liquid crystal layer (18) is located between the two layers of IPO glass (18), and the first of the two layers of IPO glass is in the polarizer (17) and the liquid crystal layer ( Between 19), the second layer of the two layers of IPO glass is between the lenticular grating and the liquid crystal layer (19).
  • the second polarizer (17) is in the middle of the lenticular grating (1) and the second layer of the IPO glass.
  • the second polarizer (17) can be removed.
  • the light shielding strip (20) is composed of black pixel points (6), and the light transmission slit (21) is composed of white pixel points (7).
  • the pixel structure of the matrix type LCD screen is as shown in Fig. 3, which is a parallelogram structure with black and white binary display.
  • the pixel columns and the pixel columns are separated by black lines (5), and there is no space between the pixel rows and the pixel rows.
  • the width is equal to the lenticular grating pitch p and the pixel height is equal to the pixel pitch of the LCD display.
  • the pixel height of the switchable slit grating is M times the pixel pitch of the LCD display, and M is a positive integer.
  • M can be 10.
  • the switchable slit grating with a line width of two pixels constitutes a 2 ⁇ frequency dynamic electronic grating, which is divided into an initial state and a second state, and the images corresponding to the LCD display are T 1 and T 2 , As shown in Figure 4.
  • the scanning frequency of the dynamic electron grating can be 120 Hz.
  • the switchable slit grating with a line width of four pixels (3 black 1 white) constitutes a 4 ⁇ frequency dynamic electronic grating, which is switched between an initial state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state, respectively, corresponding to the LCD display
  • the images displayed on the screen are T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 , respectively .
  • the scanning frequency of the dynamic electron grating can be 240 Hz.
  • the matrix type liquid crystal panel constituting the switching slit grating and the LCD display screen for displaying images are suitable for refreshing the image data by progressive scanning, and it is easy to switch between the two, as shown in FIG. 4A, dynamic electronic Both the grating and the stereo image are in an initial state.
  • both the dynamic electronic grating and the stereo image start to refresh the data line by line.
  • the dynamic electronic grating and the stereo image are completely switched to the first Two states.
  • the synchronization between the dynamic electronic grating and the stereoscopic image does not need to be strictly point-to-point, and the matrix type LCD panel can be
  • the M line pixels are combined into one line, that is, the combined line of pixels on the matrix type LCD screen is scanned synchronously with the M line pixels on the LCD display screen.
  • M 10.
  • a 55-inch 4K LCD TV with a resolution of 3840*2160 and a refresh rate of 240Hz is required to display a stereo image.
  • the pixel distance of the LCD TV is 0.3171mm.
  • the filter layer in the LCD panel has been removed during processing.
  • the pixel pitch is 0.3165mm, which is better than the dot pitch of the LCD TV.
  • the effective area is 1215*683mm
  • the grating line composed of the liquid crystal pattern is inclined at an angle of 18.43 degrees with the vertical direction, and is combined with the lenticular grating (16) with the same inclination angle and 0.5 mm pitch to form a dynamic electronic grating.
  • the lateral period of the slit grating composed of the four switching state liquid crystal patterns is 20 sub-pixel widths
  • the width of the light-shielding strips (20) is 15 sub-pixels
  • the width of the light-transmitting slits (21) is 5 sub-pixels.
  • the synchronizer (4) the electronic control of the dynamic grating (1) and the liquid crystal television synchronous refresh the data, from the image T 1 is switched to T 2, then sequentially switched to T 3, T 4, high-definition, wide viewing angle autostereoscopic display.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种动态电子光栅结构，与液晶模组、背光模组可以构成高清晰宽视角的裸眼立体显示器。动态电子光栅由柱镜光栅（16）和可切换狭缝光栅构成，应用倍频刷新技术，可切换狭缝光栅的N个状态依次切换时，N个相邻的柱镜顺序导通和关闭，等效于水平增加了N倍的像素，可大幅提高裸眼立体显示的清晰度和视场角，不需作2D/3D转换可直接显示高清晰图像。

Description

动态电子光栅及高分辨率立体显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及 显示技术，具体地涉及 构成高分辨率自由立体显示器 及其 动态电子光栅，自由立体显示器可用于立体电视、 3D 游戏机、 3D 广告等。
背景技术
近几年以来，不使用眼镜的自由立体技术被积极地研究，其代表是光栅立体显示器，它由平面矩阵显示器上加装光栅而成，分为光栅前置式和光栅后置式，即光栅可位于背光源与矩阵显示板之间或矩阵显示板面向观众的那面，光栅可为柱镜光栅或狭缝光栅。光栅自由立体显示又分为双眼视差式和多视点立体显示，其中多视点立体显示具有良好的观看自由度和舒适度，适合多人同时观看，成为发展及应用的重点。
自由立体显示需要多视点分割显示屏像素，必然带来图像清晰度的降低，即观看自由度与图像清晰度是冲突的，大多数立体显示器不适合显示精细的立体图像和文字。现有技术用 4K 显示屏来实现多视点立体图像的高清晰显示，在分辨率为 3840 × 2160 的显示屏上， 9 视点图像的立体分辨率可达 1280 × 720 ，画质较细致。专利申请 2012102314894 将倍频刷新与高密度面板两种技术有机结合在一起，大幅增加显示面板的像素密度，会获得更高的立体显示清晰度以及更自由的观看视角。其中的切换光栅实际上是一种动态电子光栅，是构成自由立体显示器的三大模组之一，与背光模组、液晶模组共同组成裸眼立体显示器。
专利申请 2012102314894 涉及的切换光栅即动态电子光栅与平板显示屏具有相同的刷新率，栅距根据显示屏像素尺寸、立体图像视点数量以及光栅的倾斜角度确定，分为狭缝光栅和柱镜光栅两种。动态电子光栅共有 N 个状态，在一个基础周期内依次切换，等效于动态电子光栅从初始状态水平移动，可视子像素依次出现在显示屏不同位置且均匀分布，在保证大视角的前提下提高了立体图像的清晰度。当动态电子光栅的每个切换状态的所有遮光条供用一个电极时，通过电压控制可在不同的状态之间迅速转换，称为瞬间切换，适合应用在 LED 自由立体显示屏上。 LCD 显示屏一个显著的特征为，新的数据扫描写入前，像素点一直显示原来的数据，因此图像与图像之间的切换是逐步扫描完成的，如果配套的动态电子光栅采用瞬间切换的方式，会因为像素重影而降低清晰度。
本发明是专利申请 2012102314894 的后续改进，将液晶点阵结构与扫描方法应用到动态电子光栅中，使光栅不同状态之间的切换也是逐步扫描完成的，从而与 LCD 显示屏图像与图像之间的切换完全同步起来，获得更清晰的自由立体显示。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种动态电子光栅的结构和原理，目的在于提供一种光栅模组，与液晶模组、背光模组可以构成高清晰宽视角的裸眼立体显示器，可播放高清的 2D/3D 节目。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了 一种 动态电子光栅，包括柱镜光栅（ 16 ）和可切换狭缝光栅，可切换狭缝光栅的栅距 P 是柱镜光栅栅距 p 的 N 倍，可切换狭缝光栅的 N 个状态依次切换时， N 个相邻的柱镜顺序导通和关闭；可切换狭缝光栅采用矩阵型液晶屏来实现光线的穿透与遮挡，矩阵型液晶屏包括 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）、液晶层（ 19 ）和偏光片（ 17 ），偏光片（ 17 ）距离柱镜光栅最远，液晶层（ 18 ）位于两层 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）之间，两层 IPO 玻璃中的第一层在偏光片（ 17 ）和液晶层（ 19 ）之间，两层 IPO 玻璃的第二层在柱镜光栅和液晶层（ 19 ）之间；其中，所述遮光条（ 20 ）由黑像素点（ 6 ）构成，透光缝隙（ 21 ）由白像素点（ 7 ）构成。
较佳地，矩阵型液晶屏黑白二值显示，其像素形状为矩形或平行四边形，该矩阵型液晶屏的像素列与像素列之间用黑线条（ 5 ）隔开，像素行与像素行之间无间隔，像素宽度等于柱镜光栅栅距 p ，像素高度等于 LCD 显示屏的像素点距的 M 倍，其中， M 为正整数。
优选地， M 为 10 。
较佳地，可切换狭缝光栅为 2 倍频动态电子光栅，其具有水平周期为 1 黑 1 白两个像素，所述可切换狭缝光栅具有初始状态和第二状态，当所述可切换狭缝光栅在初始状态和第二状态之间切换时，分别同步显示 LCD 显示屏上的图像 T1 和 T2 ；所述矩阵型液晶屏和 LCD 显示屏的刷新率均为 120Hz 。
可替换地，可切换狭缝光栅为 4 倍频动态电子光栅，其具有水平周期为 3 黑 1 白四个像素，所述可切换狭缝光栅具有初始状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态，当所述可切换狭缝光栅在初始状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态之间切换，分别同步显示 LCD 显示屏上的图像 T1 、 T2 、 T3 和 T4 ；所述矩阵型液晶屏和 LCD 显示屏的刷新率均为 240Hz 。
其中，由矩阵型液晶屏实现的所述可切换狭缝光栅与显示图像的 LCD 显示屏均采用逐行扫描的方式，在同步器（ 4 ）控制下同步刷新图像数据。
其中，在同步器（ 4 ）控制下同步刷新图像数据时，动态电子光栅每扫描一行对应于 LCD 显示屏扫描 M 行。
其中，所述可切换狭缝光栅的透光缝隙的宽度不大于柱镜光栅栅距 p 。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种高分辨率立体显示器，其包括 LCD 显示屏（ 2 ），倍频播放器（ 3 ），同步器（ 4 ）和所述动态电子光栅（ 1 ）， LCD 显示屏（ 2 ）在倍频播放器（ 3 ）控制下以基础频率的 N 倍刷新图像 ， 所述同步器（ 4 ）控制动态电子光栅（ 1 ）和 LCD 显示屏（ 2 ）以相同频率扫描，其中， N ≥ 2 。
根据本发明的实施例，利用 动态电子光栅， 并 应用倍频刷新技术，可大幅提高自由立体显示器的清晰度和视场角，不需作 2D/3D 转换可直接显示高清晰图像，立体图像具有宽视角、大景深、高清晰的优势。
附图说明
图 1A 是立体显示器侧视图，图 1B 是立体显示器正视图。
图 2A 是动态电子光栅截面示意图 。
图 2B 是动态电子光栅初始状态截面示意图 。
图 2C 是动态电子光栅第二状态截面示意图。
图 3 是可切换狭缝光栅矩阵型液晶屏的像素结构示意图。
图 4A 是 2 倍频动态电子光栅与 LCD 显示屏初始状态示意图 。
图 4B 是 2 倍频动态电子光栅与 LCD 显示屏同步逐行扫描状态示意图 。
图 4C 是 2 倍频动态电子光栅与 LCD 显示屏第二状态示意图。
上述各附图中的图示标号为：
1 动态电子光栅， 2LCD 显示屏， 3 倍频播放器， 4 同步器， 5 黑线条， 6 黑像素点， 7 白像素点， 16 柱镜光栅， 17 偏光片， 18IPO 玻璃， 19 液晶层， 20 遮光条， 21 透光缝隙。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下参照附图并举实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。
根据 本发明 的实施例， 动态电子光栅 可以 与液晶模组、背光模组可以构成高清晰宽视角的裸眼立体显示器，播放高清的 2D/3D 节目。
下面参照附图 1A-4C 详细描述本发明。
LCD 立体显示器由光栅模组 、液晶模组、背光模组以及同步器、倍频播放器构成，其中液晶模组和背光模组构成 LCD 显示屏。因此 ， 可以将 LCD 立体显示器的结构简单归结为动态电子光栅（ 1 ）、 LCD 显示屏（ 2 ）、倍频播放器（ 3 ） 和 同步器（ 4 ） ，如图 1 所示 。
参见图 2A ， 动态电子光栅（ 1 ） 由柱镜光栅 （ 16 ）和 可切换狭缝光栅构成，可切换狭缝光栅的栅距 P 是柱镜光栅栅距 p 的 N 倍，透光缝隙的宽度不大于柱镜光栅栅距 p ，正对着透光缝隙（ 21 ）的柱镜处于导通状态，正对着遮光条（ 20 ）的柱镜处于关闭状态 。当在 可切换狭缝光栅的 N 个状态 之间 依次切换时， N 个相邻的柱镜顺序导通和关闭，等效于栅距为 P 的柱镜光栅水平移动扫描。
可切换狭缝光栅 可以 采用矩阵型液晶屏 来 实现 ，即偏光片（ 17 ）、 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）、液晶层（ 19 ）、 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）、偏光片（ 17 ）构成矩阵型 液晶屏 。 因 LCD 显示屏最外层有一层偏光片，里层的偏光片 （ 17 ） 可以省略掉。
根据本发明的实施例， 可切换狭缝光栅 采用的矩阵型液晶屏 与 LCD 显示屏相比有 如下 几点明显差异：
  1. a. 黑白二值显示，无彩色滤光层，无灰阶；
  1. b. 用黑线条替换黑矩阵（ Black Matrix ），增加透光率；
  1. c. 每个点形状为矩形或平行四边形，宽度等于柱镜光栅栅距 p ，高度等于 LCD 显示屏的像素点距，也可以将数行像素合并为一行简化处理 ，即可切换狭缝光栅的像素高度为 LCD 显示屏的像素点距的 M 倍， M 为正整数 。 可选地， M 可以为 10 。
LCD 显示屏（ 2 ）具有点对点显示功能， 120HZ 以上的图像刷新率。显示屏以基础频率的 N 倍交替刷新屏幕图像，基础频率一般为 60Hz ，也可以是其它合适的频率，也就是说，显示屏的刷新率等于基础频率的 N 倍。
倍频播放器（ 3 ）输出的每一帧高分辨率的立体合成图象被分解成 N 幅全分辨率子图像，在一个基础刷新周期，即 1/60 秒内依次点对点显示， N ≥ 2 ， 同步器（ 4 ）控制动态电子光栅（ 1 ）与 LCD 显示屏（ 2 ） 以相同频率 同步扫描， 逐行切换， 被 分解的 N 幅子图像同一视点的可视子像素被 叠加 成一帧 N 倍清晰度的立体图像。
显示屏刷新率、基础频率与倍频数 N 的典型组合为：
  1. a. 2 倍频 120Hz 基础刷新率为 60Hz ；
  1. b. 4 倍频 240Hz 基础刷新率为 60Hz ；
  1. c. 5 倍频 240Hz 基础刷新率为 48Hz 。
全分辨率是指 LCD 显示屏（ 2 ）的物理分辨率，是可显示的最高清晰度，而高于全分辨率的图像无法一次显示出来。以 4K LCD 显示屏为例，全分辨率为 3840*2160 ，显示 9 视点立体视频的清晰度为 720P ；采用 4 倍频技术，可获得 36 视点 720P ，或者 20 视点 966P 清晰度的立体图像，视野十分宽泛；不采用倍频技术，达到同样的视野和清晰度，需要 12K 以上的 LCD 显示屏。采用超高分辨率显示屏与采用倍频技术均能提高立体图像的清晰度，比较而言，采用倍频技术的优势十分突出：
  1. a. 成本优势， 12K 以上超高分辨率显示屏相比于 4K 屏加上倍频技术成本更高。
  1. b. 清晰度优势，超高分辨率显示屏像素在纵向密度过高，冗余大， 50% 以上被浪费了；倍频技术获得的 N 倍像素全部应用在横向，符合光栅立体显示的特点，具有均衡的清晰度。
  1. c. 视角优势，超高分辨率显示屏的视角受限于两个因素， 9 视点时具有均衡的横纵向分辨率，到 20 视点以上时纵向冗余已经很大，另外一个限制因素来源于柱镜光栅本身，栅距不能超过弧度半径 R 的两倍，在观看范围内左右移动时，立体图像会发生几次跳跃，带来眼晕感；采用 4 倍频技术， 20 视点、 36 视点都具有均衡的分辨率，栅距最多可达到弧度半径 R 的 8 倍，可以满足在有效观看范围内移动时不发生立体图像的跳跃，彻底解决因图像跳跃反向带来的眼晕问题。
  1. d. 叠加优势，超高分辨率显示屏上仍然可以应用倍频技术来进一步提高清晰度和视角。
实施案例一，行扫描黑白二值矩阵 液晶屏构成的动态电子光栅。
如图 2 所示，动态电子光栅（ 1 ）由柱镜光栅（ 16 ）和可切换狭缝光栅构成，可切换狭缝光栅采用矩阵型液晶屏 来 实现，由 第一个 偏光片（ 17 ）、 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）、液晶层（ 19 ）、 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）、 第二个 偏光片（ 17 ）等构成矩阵型液晶屏 。第一个偏光片距离柱镜光栅（ 1 ）最远，液晶层（ 18 ）位于两层 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）之间，两层 IPO 玻璃中的第一层在偏光片（ 17 ）和液晶层（ 19 ）之间，两层 IPO 玻璃的第二层在柱镜光栅和液晶层（ 19 ）之间。第二偏光片（ 17 ）在柱镜光栅你（ 1 ）和第二层 IPO 玻璃中间。较佳地，可以去掉第二偏光片（ 17 ）。 其中 ， 遮光条（ 20 ）由黑像素点（ 6 ）构成，透光缝隙（ 21 ）由白像素点（ 7 ）构成。矩阵型液晶屏的像素结构如图 3 所示，呈平行四边形结构，黑白二值显示，像素列与像素列之间用黑线条（ 5 ）隔开，像素行与像素行之间无间隔，像素宽度等于柱镜光栅栅距 p ，像素高度等于 LCD 显示屏的像素点距。 可替换地，可切换狭缝光栅的像素高度为 LCD 显示屏的像素点距的 M 倍， M 为正整数 。 可选地， M 可以为 10 。 线宽为两个像素（ 1 黑 1 白）的可切换狭缝光栅构成 2 倍频动态电子光栅，分为初始状态和第二状态，对应于 LCD 显示屏显示的图像为 T1 和 T2 ，如图 4 所示。 此时，动态电子光栅的扫描频率可以为 120Hz 。 线宽为四个像素（ 3 黑 1 白）的可切换狭缝光栅构成 4 倍频动态电子光栅，分别在初始状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态之间切换，对应于 LCD 显示屏上显示的图像分别为 T1 、 T2 、 T3 和 T4 。 此时，动态电子光栅的扫描频率可以为 240Hz 。 构成切换狭缝光栅的矩阵型液晶屏与显示图像的 LCD 显示屏采用逐行扫描的方式刷新图像数据都是十分合适的，两者之间容易做到同步切换，如图 4A 所示，动态电子光栅与立体图像均为初始状态，图 4B 所示，在同步器（ 4 ）控制下动态电子光栅与立体图像均开始逐行刷新数据，图 4C 所示，动态电子光栅与立体图像完全切换到第二状态。
根据本发明的实施例， 动态电子光栅与立体图像之间的同步并不需要严格达到点对点的程度，可以把矩阵型液晶屏上 M 行像素合并成一行， 即矩阵型液晶屏上的合并后的一行像素 与 LCD 显示屏上的 M 行像素同步 扫描 即可 。可选地 ， M=10 。这样 ，可以降低矩阵型液晶屏电极的设计加工难度以及切换时的数据量。
实施案例二，无滤光层 LCD 屏构成的动态电子光栅 。
应用 4 倍频 60Hz 的基础刷新率显示 20 视点裸眼立体图像，需要准备一台分辨率为 3840*2160 、刷新率 240Hz 的 55 英寸 4K 液晶电视显示立体图像，液晶电视的像素点距为 0.3171mm 。准备一片分辨率为 3840*2160 、刷新率 240Hz 的 55 英寸液晶面板作可切换狭缝光栅，液晶面板中滤光层在加工时已经被去除，像素点距为 0.3165mm ，比液晶电视的点距略小，有效面积为 1215*683mm ，液晶图案组成的光栅线条与竖直方向倾斜角度为 18.43 度，与相同倾角，栅距为 0.5mm 的柱镜光栅（ 16 ）复合在一起，形成动态电子光栅（ 1 ）， 4 个切换状态液晶图案组成的狭缝光栅的横向周期均为 20 个子像素宽度，遮光条（ 20 ）的宽度为 15 个子像素，透光缝隙（ 21 ）的宽度为 5 个子像素。同步器（ 4 ）控制动态电子光栅（ 1 ）与液晶电视同步刷新数据，从图像 T1 切换到 T2 ，然后顺序切换到 T3 、 T4 ，实现高清晰、宽视角裸眼立体显示。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理，而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释，本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式，这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种 动态电子光栅，包括柱镜光栅（ 16 ）和可切换狭缝光栅，所述可切换狭缝光栅的栅距 P 是柱镜光栅栅距 p 的 N 倍，所述可切换狭缝光栅的 N 个状态依次切换时， N 个相邻的柱镜顺序导通和关闭，其特征在于：
    所述可切换狭缝光栅采用矩阵型液晶屏来实现光线的穿透与遮挡，所述矩阵型液晶屏包括 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）、液晶层（ 19 ）和偏光片（ 17 ），偏光片（ 17 ）距离柱镜光栅最远，液晶层（ 18 ）位于两层 IPO 玻璃（ 18 ）之间，两层 IPO 玻璃中的第一层在偏光片（ 17 ）和液晶层（ 19 ）之间，两层 IPO 玻璃的第二层在柱镜光栅和液晶层（ 19 ）之间；
    其中，所述遮光条（ 20 ）由黑像素点（ 6 ）构成，透光缝隙（ 21 ）由白像素点（ 7 ）构成。
  2. 如权利要求 1 所述的动态电子光栅，其特征还在于，所述矩阵型液晶屏黑白二值显示，其像素形状为矩形或平行四边形，该矩阵型液晶屏的像素列与像素列之间用黑线条（ 5 ）隔开，像素行与像素行之间无间隔，像素宽度等于柱镜光栅栅距 p ，像素高度等于 LCD 显示屏的像素点距的 M 倍，其中， M 为正整数。
  3. 如权利要求 2 所述的动态电子光栅，其中， M 为 10 。
  4. 如权利要求 2 所述的动态电子光栅，其特征还在于，所述可切换狭缝光栅为 2 倍频动态电子光栅，其具有水平周期为 1 黑 1 白两个像素，所述可切换狭缝光栅具有初始状态和第二状态，当所述可切换狭缝光栅在初始状态和第二状态之间切换时，分别同步显示 LCD 显示屏上的图像 T1 和 T2 ；所述矩阵型液晶屏和 LCD 显示屏的刷新率均为
    120Hz 。
  5. 如权利要求 2 所述的动态电子光栅，其特征还在于，所述可切换狭缝光栅为 4 倍频动态电子光栅，其具有水平周期为 3 黑 1 白四个像素，所述可切换狭缝光栅具有初始状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态，当所述可切换狭缝光栅在初始状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态之间切换，分别同步显示 LCD 显示屏上的图像 T1 、 T2 、 T3
    和 T4 ；所述矩阵型液晶屏和 LCD 显示屏的刷新率均为 240Hz 。
  6. 如权利要求 2 所述的动态电子光栅，其特征还在于，由矩阵型液晶屏实现的所述可切换狭缝光栅与显示图像的 LCD 显示屏均采用逐行扫描的方式，在同步器（ 4 ）控制下同步刷新图像数据。
  7. 如权利要求 2 所述的动态电子光栅，其中，在同步器（ 4 ）控制下同步刷新图像数据时，动态电子光栅每扫描一行对应于 LCD 显示屏扫描 M 行。
  8. 如权利要求 1 所述的动态电子光栅，其中，所述可切换狭缝光栅的透光缝隙的宽度不大于柱镜光栅栅距 p 。
  9. 一种高分辨率立体显示器，其包括 LCD 显示屏（ 2 ），倍频播放器（ 3 ），同步器（ 4 ）和如权利要求 1-8 之一所述的动态电子光栅（ 1 ）， LCD 显示屏（ 2 ）在倍频播放器（ 3 ）控制下以基础频率的 N 倍刷新图像 ， 所述同步器（ 4 ）控制动态电子光栅（ 1 ）和 LCD 显示屏（ 2 ）以相同频率扫描，其中， N ≥ 2 。
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