WO2015169861A1

WO2015169861A1 - Oscillating piston engine, method for operating an oscillating piston engine, engine system, and motor vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2015169861A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/059964
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eberhard Dolski
Original assignee: VBE Berlin-Mechanik GmbH
Priority date: 2014-05-06
Filing date: 2015-05-06
Publication date: 2015-11-12
Also published as: DE102014106286A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to an oscillating piston engine and to a method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to the invention. The present invention further relates to an engine system with multiple oscillating piston engines according to the invention and a motor vehicle comprising the oscillating piston engines according to the invention or the engine system according to the invention. The oscillating piston engine comprises three cylinders (10, 20, 30) and three oscillating pistons (11, 21, 31) each arranged to oscillate in a cylinder (10, 20, 30) and three engine heads (12, 22, 32), wherein the engine heads (12, 22, 32) are arranged between the cylinders (10, 20, 30). The oscillating piston engine according to the invention comprises at least one reservoir (50) and two gas lines (60, 61) are connected to a respective cylinder (10, 20, 30), wherein each of the gas lines (60, 61) is connected using a first connector (62) in a dead center region (44, 45) of a cylinder (10, 20, 30) and is coupled to the reservoir (50) using a second connection (63), in that gas discharged from a respective cylinder (10, 20, 30) by means of an oscillating movement of an oscillating piston (11, 21, 31) can be stored and gas can be supplied into at least one cylinder (10, 20, 30) from the stored gas.

Description

Oscillating piston engine, method for operating a swivel piston engine,

Engine system and motor vehicle

The present invention relates to a rotary piston engine and a method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to the invention. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an engine system with several inventive

Oscillating piston engines and a motor vehicle with the invention

Oscillating piston engine or the engine system according to the invention.

There is a need for the development of a supercharged diesel engine having a power to weight ratio of 0.3 to 0.4 kg / HP and 0.45 to 0.54 kg / kW. He should serve in particular as the engine of a serial hybrid drive and thus allow the drive of the vehicle only electrically.

Until now, in such hybrids, the internal combustion engine drives a generator which charges the electric drive motors and the storage batteries.

Storage capacities are required because the engine performs lazy load changes and thus can not cover power peaks.

Therefore, backup batteries are required which provide additional power through their stored electrical energy. On the other hand, the internal combustion engine must be as light as possible, which usually brings a reduction in performance and requires relatively powerful batteries.

From DE 101 19373 A1 is a rotary multi-stroke drive motor, also as

Plate piston engine referred to, known. It is a valve-controlled four-stroke engine with a floating about its shaft plate piston and four circular sector-shaped combustion chambers in which the plate pistons can move.

Due to combustion, the plate pistons move in pivoting movements within the cylinders. Because the plate pistons can be acted upon on both sides with combustion-related pressures, a four-cylinder engine is formed. work-related

Swinging movements can be used to compress gas. However, there is also the general requirement in such an engine to increase the efficiency, namely by reducing the fuel requirement and / or maximizing the kinetic energy that can be generated per unit time. The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a rotary piston engine and a method for operating this oscillating piston engine, with which mechanical energy can be provided in a reliable, energy-saving and cost-efficient manner. Further aspects of the task are the realization of an engine system and a motor vehicle.

To achieve this object, a rotary piston engine according to claim 1 and a method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to claim 10 is provided according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention

The oscillating piston engine are specified in the subclaims 2-9. An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention for operating the

Swivel piston engine is specified in dependent claim 1 1. Furthermore, an inventive engine system according to claim 12 and an inventive

Motor vehicle provided according to claim 13.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention comprises three cylinders and three swivel pistons pivotably arranged in each case in a cylinder and three engine heads, wherein the engine heads are arranged between the cylinders. The oscillating piston engine further has at least one memory, wherein two at a respective cylinder

Gas lines are connected and each of the gas lines is connected to a first terminal in a dead center of a cylinder and is coupled to a second terminal with the memory in which from a respective cylinder means

Pivoting movements of a rotary piston ejected gas can be stored and can be supplied from the stored gas in at least one cylinder. For the purposes of the invention is under a gas also a gas mixture such. As air or a fuel-air mixture to understand. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is thus a

Rotary piston engine, in which the rotation takes place in a limited angular range. The dead center areas to which the gas lines are connected are preferably located close to the engine heads, d. H. in the areas of motion reversal of the oscillating piston. This means that the first gas line is connected in a first dead center region of a cylinder and the second gas line is connected in the opposite dead center region of the same cylinder. The swivel pistons can be loaded with combustion-related pressure force on both sides, so that they can be used in both

Pivoting directions can do work. Thus, in the inventive arrangement of three rotary piston, a six-cylinder engine is formed. The memory can be a part of the gas line. In a favorable embodiment of

Oscillating piston engine is a control device available with which the volume flow through a respective gas line is adjustable. Preferably, the cylinders are formed substantially in the shape of a circular ring sector and arranged together with the engine heads in an angular range of 360 °. The cylinders are of course not cylindrical in the literal sense, but circular sector shaped. The swivel pistons are pivotable in one plane, each in a range of about 90 °. The engine heads are arranged between the cylinders and each cover a range of approximately 30 ° in the plane of the cylinder, so that the three engine heads together also cover an angular range of 90 °. Thus, together with the engine heads, the cylinders cover an angular range of 360 °. However, the arrangement of other components of the engine in said angular range is not excluded. The cylinders and the engine heads extend along the axis of rotation of the pivot pistons between two planes.

In particular, it is provided that each cylinder has a first dead center area and a second dead center area, wherein the two dead center areas are opposite each other, and that a respective gas line is connected in one of the two dead center areas of a cylinder and via the memory in the respective other dead center area of an adjacent cylinder connected.

This means that each cylinder has in its angular end regions the dead center areas in which a reversal of the direction of movement of the oscillating pistons and thus a brief standstill must take place.

A gas line is thus e.g. to connect to a first cylinder in a first dead center and in an adjacent third cylinder in there second

Connect dead center area. In the case of different cylinders, the respective other dead center areas are thus these angular end areas which form a cylinder in the

Limit clockwise and limit the adjacent cylinder in a counterclockwise direction, and vice versa.

With regard to the storage arrangement, the oscillating piston engine according to the invention can be designed such that all gas lines are coupled to a memory. That is, in this embodiment, there is only a central memory into which the gas expelled sequentially from the cylinders can be conducted and from which the stored gas can be sequentially distributed into all the cylinders.

Advantageously, all cylinders comprise substantially the same volume V _z , the memory having a volume V _s and the ratio V _s = 0.3 ... 0.35 V _z .

The oscillating piston engine is then advantageously designed if it continues to have a

Has a piston shaft, a crank mechanism and an output shaft, wherein the pivot piston are mechanically coupled to the piston shaft, in turn via the crank mechanism with the Output shaft is mechanically coupled. In a favorable embodiment, the star-shaped mutually extending pivot pistons are mechanically rigidly connected to their common connection region and mechanically rigidly connected to the piston shaft with this connection region. On the piston shaft, a first crank is preferably fixed, which together with a connecting rod and a second crank, which is fixedly connected to the output shaft, cooperates. The piston shaft operates as a swing or pendulum piston shaft, preferably without counterweight.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the mechanical coupling of the crank mechanism with the output shaft by means of a transmission, in particular a gear transmission, is realized.

In addition, the oscillating piston engine may comprise at least one pump which is mechanically coupled with the output shaft for the purpose of driving. The present invention is not limited to the arrangement of only one pump, but the

Oscillating piston engine can be an injection pump, hydraulic pump and / or a

Have dry-sump oil pressure pump, each of these pumps can be mechanically coupled to the output shaft for the purpose of drive.

In addition, the oscillating piston engine according to the invention may comprise a generator which is also mechanically coupled with the output shaft for the purpose of driving. This generator is preferably designed such that it can also be used as a starter, wherein the mechanical energy generated in this way is introduced into the output shaft and in turn is guided by the crank mechanism to the drive shaft and thus to the rotary piston.

To solve the above object, a method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to the invention is also provided, in which a combustion process is carried out in a first cylinder, so that the pivot pistons are pivoted in the cylinders in a first pivoting direction and at the same time to be supplied from the memory storage gas in a third cylinder of the oscillating piston engine is passed. This supplied into the third cylinder to be supplied storage gas is preferably gas, which has been pushed out of the first cylinder due to the pivotal movement of the rotary piston.

Furthermore, in a second cylinder, the compression of the intake air and at the same time the supply of air to be stored in the second cylinder, but on the side opposite the compression side of the rotary piston in the second cylinder. Combustion residues are ejected from the third cylinder and intake air is fed into the third cylinder at the same time, the supply of the intake air also taking place here on the side of the respective oscillating piston opposite the gas discharge.

Thereafter, the pivoting direction is reversed, wherein the combustion process, the

Gas pipeline process, the compression process, the delivery process of to

storing air, the discharge process and the supply process of intake air are performed in a respective other cylinder, wherein gas from the cylinder, in which the combustion process takes place, is directed into the memory, from which it is in turn fed into a cylinder.

In this case, the term of the air to be stored denotes a quantity of gas which, after renewed reversal of the motion, is compressed by the oscillating pistons and supplied to the accumulator.

Relative to the cycle in which a combustion process takes place in the first cylinder, the supply of intake air takes place due to the increase in the volume between the rear side of the third pivot piston and the engine head between the second and the third cylinder. The discharge of combustion residues from the third cylinder occurs due to the reduction in volume between the front of the third swing piston and the engine head between the third and first cylinders. That is, the associated swing pistons at each movement simultaneously cause the compression of the intake air and the supply of gas to be stored and the supply of intake air as well as the discharge of combustion residues.

That is, after the above-mentioned gas discharge and combustion in the first cylinder and compression of the intake air and supply of air to be stored in the second cylinder and discharge of combustion residues and supply of intake air in the third cylinder then the gas discharge and combustion in the second cylinder

Compression of the intake air and the supply of air to be stored in the third cylinder and the emission of combustion residues and the supply of intake air in the first cylinder is performed.

After this cycle, in turn reversing the pivoting direction of the swing piston follows the gas discharge and combustion in the third cylinder, the compression of the intake air and supply of air to be stored in the first cylinder and the emission of

Combustion residues and supply of intake air in the second cylinder.

Thereafter, again by reversing the pivoting direction of the pivoting piston takes place

Gas discharge and combustion in the first cylinder, the compression of the intake air and

Supply of air to be stored in the second cylinder and the emission of Combustion residues and the supply of intake air in the third cylinder. In parallel with the supply of intake air in the third cylinder, this cylinder is also supplied with the gas expelled from the first cylinder, so that the pressure in this third cylinder increases significantly, even before the compression takes place in this third cylinder.

The gas line may form the reservoir itself, so that, if necessary, the gas from the cylinder in which the combustion takes place can flow into the third cylinder via the gas line which forms the reservoir. Thus, during a power stroke in a cylinder at the same time located on the side facing away from the combustion process of the respective rotary piston gas volume can be pushed by the pivotal movement of the rotary piston in the memory and from there, if necessary, immediately pushed further into another cylinder. This gas can z. B. be simple ambient air.

To carry out the method, the oscillating piston engine is preferably designed such that a first oscillating piston is arranged in the first cylinder, a second oscillating piston is arranged in the second cylinder and a third oscillating piston is arranged in the third cylinder, the front side of a respective oscillating piston being opposite the one in the sequence next cylinder is arranged and the back of a respective pivot piston is arranged opposite to the preceding cylinder in order. It is provided in an advantageous manner that in the

Combustion process in the first cylinder of the angle between the back of the first rotary piston and the preceding cylinder is increased, and the angle between the front of the first rotary piston and the next cylinder is reduced so that gas contained in this angular range is ejected and supplied to the memory.

Furthermore, it is provided that the angle between the front of the second

Swinging piston and the next cylinder is reduced and thus a compression of the intake air received in the second cylinder is realized, and the angle between the back of the second swivel piston and the preceding cylinder is increased and thus a supply of air to be stored is effected.

The angle between the front side of the third swing piston and the next cylinder is reduced thereby, combustion residues are discharged, and the angle between the back of the third swing piston and the preceding cylinder increases, wherein the supply of intake air is realized. The order of the cylinders is designed according to their numbering, with the third cylinder again following the first cylinder.

To solve the problem, an engine system is also provided, which comprises a plurality of oscillating piston engines according to the invention, in which at least two Schenkkolbenmotoren are purely mechanically coupled to each other, and the pistons of these oscillating piston engines are in dead center in opposite Totpunktbereichen. This means that in the first oscillating piston engine, the swiveling pistons are in the first dead center position and in the second swiveling piston motor the swiveling pistons are in the opposite dead center position. This can be z. B. realize by two piston shafts are arranged side by side offset. Both piston shafts drive the output shaft via one crank each. In this embodiment, it makes sense to also place pumps in each space provided for the respective crank drive, so that no extra pump room has to be provided any longer. The advantage of the motor system according to the invention is, in particular, that due to the torque generated in opposite directions, the mass inertial force of a single oscillating piston motor does not make itself felt by unfavorable vibrations, especially if both

Oscillating piston motors are designed identical. This results in an almost vibration-free running of the engine system. In slightly offset phase position of both

Crank drives, moreover, prevent an indifferent dead center position of the crank drives, or both drive shafts jointly drive a crank via their connecting rods. By sharing the crank and / or pump space of the coupled engines, the volume of the entire engine system can be reduced.

To solve the problem, a motor vehicle is also provided, which is a rotary piston engine according to the invention or an inventive

Engine system includes. Such a motor vehicle may be any land, water or air vehicle, which has the oscillating piston engine, preferably as a drive unit.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention provides a light and small

Internal combustion engine which does not require flywheel masses due to its kinematics and therefore requires only a very small starter battery.

The engine has no oscillating pistons, no camshaft, no tappets and no hard valve springs, which has a positive effect on engine performance. The motor thus generates no second and third order vibrations. The engine has relatively few components and combines a small volume with less weight and less

Production costs. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention can also be referred to as a so-called "Arcusmotor", which derives its name from the Latin word "arcus", because the pistons describe a circular arc movement.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is always a six-cylinder engine and as such always a four-stroke engine, preferably a diesel engine, but also the

Design as a gasoline engine should not be excluded. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention performs four work cycles at four cycles.

The oscillating piston engine does not require an exhaust gas turbocharger because the third oscillating piston assumes the function of a compressor. The valves of the oscillating piston engine are actuated electro / hydraulically.

The oscillating piston engine may be equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation and consequently produce only low emissions.

The resulting advantages are in particular a high performance and a high constant torque. This achieves the engine according to the invention with a minimum of components, which at the same time results in a high power-to-weight ratio and a low volume and fuel consumption. The motor can be operated independently of position.

Calculations have yielded the following possible tech nical data of the engine according to the invention:

- Performance weight wet 0.3 kg / HP = 0.45 kg / kW

- Power with charge> 100 PS / L = 0.74 kW / dm ³

- speed 4,000 ^"1

- Torque car> 400 Nm

- Specific fuel consumption <100 g / kWh

The battery used is preferably a lightweight lithium iron phosphate accumulator.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention drives the electric motors on the wheel hubs and changes its speed analogously to the desired speed.

Acceleration peaks are additionally made possible by providing the electrical energy of the accumulator. All driving conditions can be operated purely electrically, from city traffic through marching operations to permanent maximum speeds.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is particularly suitable as part of a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle:

I. As part of a serial hybrid drive

The internal combustion engine has no mechanical connection to the drive axle, he drives only an electric generator.

II. As part of a parallel hybrid drive

The internal combustion engine acts together with the one or more electric motors on the

Powertrain.

III. As part of a hybrid hybrid drive

Depending on the driving condition alone, the internal combustion engine or alone the electric motor or both together can provide the drive energy.

IV. As part of a micro hybrid drive

The drive of the vehicle is only via the internal combustion engine. The electric machine is not used to drive the vehicle, it supports the engine only to increase performance. This drive preferably has a start-stop automatic and brake energy recovery, so that a significant fuel economy is recorded.

V. As part of a full hybrid

With an electromotive power of more than 20 KW / t (specific power to weight in kilowatts of power of the electric drive per ton vehicle weight) equipped with such a drive vehicles are able to drive an electric motor. This also applies to the states start-up and acceleration, so that they are the

Basis for the serial hybrid drive. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is very powerful and very light, because he needs no flywheel. Therefore, he has especially as a diesel engine, the ability to react very quickly with his speed and power to the desired driving situation. With the power of max. 0.54 kg / kW will weigh a 150 kW engine (204 hp) only 80 kg.

The use of a starter generator combines the alternator and starter in an electric motor connected to the drive train. AS energy storage is a lithium-iron secondary battery. This battery is capable of absorbing the kinetic energy of the braking drive motors converted into electrical energy and making it available again when the vehicle is accelerating.

The electric drive of the vehicle is preferably carried out via two or four electric motors as a pancake or brushless wheel hub motors, which are controlled or regulated by an electronic load control. This load control is supplied energetically by a generator which is coupled to the internal combustion engine.

The drive motors can be used as brake motors on the basis of the metered counter-induction according to the EMF principle (electromotive force).

Since no hybrid can work without corresponding power electronics, the modification of this electronics is planned for hybrid operation at the same time. So she becomes the

Regulation of the traction control system ASR, the electro-stability program ESP, the anti-lock braking system ABS and the friction control FC, take over. The normal speed compensation when cornering is automatically controlled by the EMK drive motors. Thus, the inner wheel to its drive motor has a higher counter-torque than the outer wheel to the drive motor. With unchanged performance of both drive motors, the speed of the inner wheel, due to this higher torque and the associated resistance, decreases. Only with serious speed differences of the wheels, such as slippage or braking on unequal ground, the electronics intervene.

For satisfactory efficiency of these auxiliary controls, which are carried out exclusively via the EMF engines, four electric motors should be available and the vehicle should be driven on four wheels.

Conversely to the safety regulations of the electronics with regard to slippage and uneven tire friction, the drive motors can also be controlled synchronously, ie the rotation of the axes is homogenized as in the case of the locking differential. By means of the EMK drive motors, it is possible to carry out almost all braking operations electrically by metered counter-induction. This means that the electronics also intervene here by the respective brake pedal force is transformed into electrical braking force. Thus, wear-free braking with the highest forces are possible to a standstill and at a standstill, but depending on the brake strength and wheel speed

Energy recovery is only partially possible and otherwise energy consumption as an alternative to wear technologically necessary.

A normal hydraulic brake is provided for special cases, such as additional effect in case of power braking, failure of the electrical system or with mechanical

Support - with permanent use as a parking brake.

The drive motors, the generator, the power electronics and the accumulator are integrated in the cooling system. The temperature is monitored, and in the event of an overload, the system reacts with power reduction.

The design-related weight saving, the elimination of alternator and

Starter, gearbox and differential, clutch and gimbal overcompensate the weight of the generator, the power electronics and the drive motors of the oscillating piston engine according to the invention.

The oscillating piston engine is also suitable as a drive motor without hybrid function. In addition to use in cars or motorcycles, it is particularly suitable as a flight engine, not only by its exceptional power to weight ratio, but also by its variable mounting position. He works completely independent of location. Even a slanted installation is possible. Lubrication is guaranteed in every situation.

Especially in small aircraft, it is common to position the engine in front, in front of the pilot, and fly so by means of a train propeller. This has the consequence that occupants must be protected from the engine noise.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention can be arranged due to its low weight in the vicinity of the rear of the small aircraft. This not only has advantages over the noise pollution for the pilots, but also has an advantageous effect in terms of fire protection.

In addition, with this configuration, the thrust propeller, with higher efficiency than the Zugpropeller, find application in small aircraft. This particular, since the oscillating piston engine works charged and thus is suitable for height.

The swing-piston engine is conceptually a four-stroke diesel engine.

The elementary advantage of the oscillating piston engine is created by the fact that the piston - in

Unlike reciprocating engine double-sided use.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Show it

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a rotary piston engine according to the invention,

Figure 2 a) -g): different phases in the operation of the invention

The oscillating piston engine,

Figure 3: a schematic representation of the oscillating piston engine components in

Side View,

Figure 4: a flow chart for operation of the oscillating piston engine according to the invention.

To explain the general structure of the oscillating piston engine, reference is first made to FIG.

The oscillating piston engine comprises a first cylinder 10, a second cylinder 20 and a third cylinder 30, which are arranged in a plane separated from each other by a first engine head 12, a second engine head 22 and a third engine head 32. In the first cylinder 10, a first oscillating piston 1 1 moves, in the second cylinder 20 a second oscillating piston 21 moves and in the third cylinder 30 a third oscillating piston 31 moves. The pivoting piston 1 1, 21, 31 are connected to a common

Connecting portion 91, which is also fixedly connected to a drive shaft connected. Each of the rotary pistons 1 1, 21, 31 has a front side 40 and a rear side 41. Each of the cylinders 10, 20, 30 has at opposite angular ranges a first dead center region 44 and a second dead center region 45. The illustrated

The oscillating piston engine further comprises a memory 50, which is connected by means of a first gas line 60 to a first port 62 and is connected with a second gas line 61 to a second port 63 in another cylinder. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the first gas line 60 is connected in a first dead center region 44 of the first cylinder 10. The second gas line 61 is connected to the second cylinder 20.

In the first cylinder 10, a combustion of fuel has taken place, so that work 190 has been performed and the pivoting pistons 1 1, 21, 31 have been pivoted in the first pivoting direction 46. The angle between the first pivot piston 1 1 and the first motor head 12 is reduced and thus also the space between the first oscillating piston 1 1 and the first engine head 12. In this space contained gas is via the first gas line 60 and the memory 50 and the second Gas line 61 passed into the third cylinder 30.

In the second cylinder 20, the space between the second swing piston 21 and the second motor head 22 is also reduced, so that the intake air therein is compressed. It is shown in Figure 1, that then in this room by means of

Injection a combustion process 200 is initiated.

On the opposite side of the second swing piston 21 to the compression in the second cylinder, air to be stored is introduced into the second cylinder 20 in a gas supply process 500.

In the third cylinder 30, by reducing the space between the third swing piston 31 and the third engine head 32, combustion residues are discharged through a discharge process 600. At the same time, the supply of intake air in an intake process 700 is realized on the opposite side of the third pivot piston 31. In particular, by the gas line process 300 from the first cylinder 10 in the third cylinder 30 via the memory 50 is caused in the third cylinder 30 by the additional supply of gas after reversal of motion of the rotary piston, a substantially higher pressure than by the sole suction process 700th or the amount of gas supplied is made possible. This will increase the efficiency of the

Rotary piston engine significantly increased.

By reversing the movement of the rotary piston 1 1, 21, 31 and the opposite principle, the oscillating piston engine according to the invention can be used as a classic gasoline or diesel four-stroke engine.

Each of the three oscillating pistons executes four full power strokes in both directions of pivoting, whereby a classical intake process, a compression and ignition process and a

Working and ejection process is performed. By the arrangement of three

Swivel piston is thus formed a six-cylinder engine. The memory 50 or the Gas line process 300 causes an integrated boost pressure generation. The reservoir 50 preferably has a volume of approximately one third of the cylinder or stroke volume. When ambient air is supplied at ambient pressure, the compressor pressure generated by means of the engine is thus constant after p ^* v = approximately 3 bar. Upon introduction of the gas 300 from the reservoir 50 into the third cylinder, its intake valves are naturally closed. This process takes place before the actual compression that the third pivoting piston 31 performs when reversing the movement. Thus, the theoretical

Pre-compression 2: 1. This value can be reduced depending on the desired performance via an electronically controlled charge pressure control valve. It is thus possible to charge the engine without the need for an additional compressor or turbocharger. The tolerance between the rotary pistons 1 1, 21, 31 and the cylinders 10, 20, 30 is 0.3 mm at most. The cylinder liners are preferably ground inside before the engine heads are mounted, and the rotary pistons running inside are ground externally round. For additional arrangement of sealing strips, which are provided via bores z. B. can be pressed with engine oil, there is a sufficient seal the cylinder chambers. For the purpose of realizing the necessary oil pressure, the rotary piston engine comprises

preferably a separate high-pressure electric pump, which preferably pumps oil against the sealing strips even before the start of the engine and thus guarantees the tightness of the cylinders. The tolerance between the engine heads 12, 22, 32 and one with the

Swivel piston 1 1, 21, 31 connected drive shaft is a maximum of 0.02 mm. The valves shown in the engine heads 12, 22, 32 are not actuated by a camshaft, but electro-hydraulic. They are preferably pressed by a spring in their respective seat and cause such a seal. Each valve is assigned a piston which can be actuated hydraulically on both sides, which can actuate the valve with its push rod. In the unloaded state, a valve spring causes the valve to close. This ensures that no collision of a rotary piston with a valve can occur.

In Figure 2 in the individual representations a) - g) is the invention

Swivel piston engine with different positions of the rotary piston 1 1, 21, 31 and consequently in each cylinder 10, 20, 30 shown different operating conditions.

The representation 2a) corresponds to the operating state of the engine, as shown in Figure 1. As already explained with reference to FIG. 1, an explosion took place in the first cylinder 10, so that the pivoting pistons 11, 21, 31 have moved counterclockwise in a first pivoting direction 46. It was in the second cylinder 20th

Compressed air compressed, which now, as shown in Figure 2a), in a

Combustion process 200 is burned. Because of this, the second moves

Swivel piston 21 and consequently also the two other pivot pistons 1 1, 31 again in a clockwise direction and thus in a second pivoting direction 47 into a position as shown in illustration 2b). In this case, the gas to be stored is passed from the rotary piston 21 into the first cylinder 10. In the third cylinder 30 is again a

Compressing the intake air instead. In the first cylinder 10 is replaced by a

Feed process 700 intake air supplied.

Due to the ignition and the combustion process 200 in the third cylinder 30 now move the pivot piston 1 1, 21, 31 again in the counterclockwise direction in a position as shown in representation 2c). Thereby, a gas piping process from the third cylinder 30 to the second cylinder 20 has been realized, as well as a supply process of intake air 700 into the second cylinder 20 and a supply process from to

After ignition and combustion process 200 in the first cylinder 10 again takes place a pivoting movement in a clockwise direction in a position of the rotary piston 1 1, 21, 31, as shown in Figure 2d). As a result, gas is conducted from the first cylinder 10 into the third cylinder 30 in the gas line process 300.

Also, in the intake air supply process, intake air 700 flows into the third cylinder 30 and gas feeds 500 gas into the second cylinder 20.

Again, by reversing the pivoting movement, the pivot

Swivel piston 1 1, 21, 31 back to a position as shown in representation 2e). As a result, gas is conducted from the second cylinder 20 into the first cylinder 10 in the gas line process 300. In the third cylinder 30, the gas is compressed and discharged from the first cylinder 10 in the discharge process 600.

Thereafter, the swing pistons are again pivoted in the clockwise direction, so that they are arranged according to representation 2f). As a result, the gas line process 300 from the third cylinder 30 into the second cylinder 20. In the first cylinder 10, gas is compressed so that, with renewed ignition, the combustion process 200 taking place there

Swinging piston 1 1, 21, 31 again pivots in the opposite direction, so that as shown in the representation 2 g), the initial situation according to representation 2a) is achieved.

As a whole, it can be seen that gas 70 is ejected from the cylinder in which the combustion process 200 takes place on the opposite side of the respective rotary piston, where it is compressed and directed into an adjacent cylinder 80.

The method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to the invention is not limited to the order shown in Figure 2, but the firing order can have different variants. The following are possible ignition sequences based on the naming of the representations enumerated:

-a-b-c-d-e-f-a-b-e-f-c-d-a-d-c-b-e-f-a-d-e-f-c-b-a-f-c-b-e-d-a-f-e-d-c-b-

In Figure 3, the oscillating piston engine according to the invention is shown in an open view from the side. It can be seen that the motor comprises a housing in which the cylinders 10, 20, 30 indicated here only as a space are arranged. Central through the engine, the piston shaft 90 extends, with all of which are not individually shown pivoting piston 1 1, 21, 31 are firmly connected. With the piston shaft 90 is a crank mechanism 100 in

Operative connection, the first crank 1 10 is fixedly arranged on the piston shaft 90. The first crank 1 10 acts with a connecting rod 1 15 and this in turn with a second crank 120 together. The second crank 120 transmits a torque to a transmission 140 to realize a translation. The translated torque or the translated

Rotary movement is directed to an output shaft 130. Again, coupled by means of a transmission with the output shaft 130, a pump 150, which may be designed as a high pressure pump, as a hydraulic pump or as a pump for the dry sump.

The engine further comprises in the illustrated embodiment a

Exhaust manifold 170, a suction filter 171 and the memory 172 shown here on the side. In addition, the rotary piston engine may include an exhaust gas recirculation 180. The reservoir 172 is connected to a reservoir inlet 181 and a reservoir outlet to the cylinders 10, 20, 30 in the manner described. Furthermore, the cylinders 10, 20, 30 include a gas inlet 183 and a gas outlet 184 and an injection nozzle 185. The seal 10, 20, 30 via not shown here sealing strips, which are pressed through oil holes by lubricating oil. For this purpose, a pump 151 is installed. This pump is preferably an electrical

High pressure pump to promote the engine oil for the starting process.

The output shaft 190 completes a rotation through 360 ° and thereby outputs the engine power.

Insofar as only a reduced charge pressure is required, a control or regulation takes place in such a way that excess storage gas is returned to the intake damper. The intake damper is preferably designed annular and isolates the exhaust manifold and its damper.

The complete filling or emptying of a respective cylinder 10, 20, 30 without the usual overlap of the charges likewise results in complete combustion.

This allows an ideal, clean and soot-free combustion realize. An internal exhaust gas recirculation is therefore not necessary. For further minimization of pollutants, the illustrated external exhaust gas recirculation 180 can be arranged. The required amount of inert gases to minimize the pollutants is thus removed from the external exhaust gas recirculation 180 and fed to the intake air. This allows a gas-fuel ratio of λ> 1, 2 and reduces carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.

The arrangement of the crank mechanism prevents a pivot piston colliding with a motor head. This is realized independently of the combustion pressure of approx. 150 bar, which offers additional security against collision by the compression of 22: 1. The high pressure pump is preferably a common rail pump for the

Injector 185. Other pumps may be hydraulic pumps for the control units of the valves and an oil sump for dry sump lubrication.

The generator 160 can also be used as a starter of the oscillating piston engine.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is preferably subdivided into four chambers, namely into the gas space 190, the working space 191 with the cylinders arranged therein, into the crank space 192 with the crank mechanism 100 arranged therein and the electric high-pressure pump 151 for the starting process, into the pump space 193 with the arranged therein pump 150 and in the electrical space 194 with the generator 160 disposed therein. A control unit is preferably arranged outside the swing motor housing.

The mode of operation of the oscillating piston engine will be explained with reference to the diagram in FIG.

A lithium-iron-phosphate battery C serves as an energy supplier when standing

Oscillating piston motor A. The AC (AC) starter generator B can under

Power supply from the lithium-iron-phosphate accumulator C start the rotary piston engine A. During operation, the oscillating piston motor A generated via the AC starter generator B enough electrical power for propulsion, accumulator charging and personal use of the on-board electronics including light. Given a corresponding state of charge of the lithium iron phosphate battery C, enough drive energy K is made available for the emission-free drive. However, the lithium-iron-phosphate battery C is in addition to this electrical backup function for a time Limited power-push function designed to increase the drive power of the oscillating piston engine. During start-up and acceleration phases, it serves as a power reserve of up to 15% overload. The duration of the emission-free journey or the available power reserve can be varied via the capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery C.

The system is equipped with EMR (electromotive force) L hub motors to allow the wheels to be driven without coupling to a mechanical train and to provide a low power to weight ratio as an externally excited, brushless outer rotor with high efficiency. Both the AC starter generator B and the

Drive motors L are designed for alternating current. The powertrain is operated with 120 V DC and the rest of the electrical system with 14 V. Although this requires rectifier and inverter, but this speed control is greatly simplified and the output speed is only conditionally dependent on the speed of the oscillating piston engine. By using a modern power electronics for the electronic load control with μΡ-control F, the electric drive and the generator can operate virtually maintenance-free, with a single efficiency of the electronic

Load control G thus 95 - 97% is achieved.

The drive motors L preferably have a power of 15 kW per wheel, resulting in a necessary power of 160 A per strand. Thus, the oscillating piston engine must deliver a shaft power of 95 kW. Due to the existing power reserve of the lithium-iron-phosphate battery C, this value is reduced to 82 kW, assuming an efficiency μ = 0.8.

The designed overall system with the oscillating piston engine A makes at a

Weight saving of 200 kg compared to average, conventional

Drive units in a large speed range 60 kW at the wheel. Thus, resulting in an overall efficiency of about 60% 40 kW / t. The great advantage of the extremely high torque at the wheels is maintained. By means of the μΡ-control F information given by the accelerator pedals or brake pedals as well as information transmitted to the wheel hub motors L by the sensors arranged there can be entered into the power management. As a result, different load, safety and comfort functions of the vehicle drive can be realized. Furthermore, this control allows communication with other vehicles to a controlled

To carry out the convoy.

The realized control times are variable, since the electronic μΡ-control F the

Injectors and / or the hydraulically actuated valves can drive changeable.

Braking can be realized in two stages. In a first stage, the

electromotive force of the wheel hub motors used by self-induction to the Reduce speed. Since the wheel motors preferably have no permanent magnets, only the energy through the rotor field excitation is needed here, so that the deceleration value can be controlled very well. However, the drive motors can also be activated in the opposite direction until the sensors M detect the wheelstop. In this position, the vehicle can also be held electrically, for. B. as travel assistance on the mountain. For safety, a mechanical or hydraulic brake may additionally be arranged, which acts on the brake pedal with an increased actuating force. For this purpose, it may be provided that the first half of the brake pedal travel acts on the electronic brake sensory and only activates the hydraulic brake for the second half way.

It is advisable to cool the engine externally, such. B. with a cylinder-water cooling. However, the invention is not limited to such a cooling, but it can also be done oil cooling and / or air cooling.

Due to the small size of the engine and its small number of moving parts and the non-existent centrifugal masses its power to weight is only 0.3 kg / PS or 0.45 kg / kW. Due to the continuous work cycles results in a constant torque over the full speed range. The materials of the oscillating piston engine are preferably aluminum as well as suitable aluminum alloys and steel. The use of carbon and / or ceramic is not excluded.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

First cylinder 10

First oscillating piston 1 1

First engine head 12

Second cylinder 20

Second pivot piston 21st

Second engine head 22

Third cylinder 30

Third rotary piston 31

Third engine head 32

Front of a pivoting piston 40

Rear side of a pivoting piston 41 first dead center area 44 second dead center area 45 first pivoting direction 46 second pivoting direction 47

Memory 50

Air to be stored 51

First gas line 60

Second gas line 61 first port 62 second port 63 expelled gas 70 of adjacent cylinders 80

Piston shaft 90 common connection area 91st Crank drive 100

1 . Crank 1 10

Connecting rod 1 15

2nd crank 120

Output shaft 130

Gear 140

Pump 150

Electric high pressure pump 151

Generator 160

Exhaust manifold 170

Intake filter 171

Memory 172

Exhaust gas recirculation 180

Storage inlet 181

Storage outlet 182

Gas inlet 183

Gas outlet 184

Injector 185

Gas room 190

Workroom 191

Crankcase 192

Pump room 193

Electric room 194

Combustion process 200

Gas line process 300

Compression Process 400

Gas supply process 500

Eject process 600

Intake process 700 Arc motor A

AC starter generator B

Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery C

Start D

Load E μΡ-Control F

Electronic load control G

Drive energy H

Energy recovery I

Drive energy K

Wheel hub motor with EMF brake L

Sensors M

Display of the operating status N

Specification of the driver O

Claims

claims

1 . Oscillating piston engine, comprising three cylinders (10, 20, 30) and three swivel pistons (1 1, 21, 31) pivotably arranged in each case in a cylinder and three engine heads (12, 22, 32), the engine heads (12, 22, 32) between the cylinders (10, 20, 30) are arranged,

characterized,

in that the oscillating piston engine comprises at least one reservoir (50) and two gas lines (60, 61) are connected to a respective cylinder (10, 20, 30), each of the gas lines (60, 61) being connected to a first port (62) in one Totpunktbereich (44, 45) of a cylinder (10, 20, 30) is connected and with a second terminal (63) to the memory (50) is coupled, in which from a respective cylinder (10, 20, 30) by means of pivoting movement of a Swinging piston (1 1, 21, 31) ejected gas can be stored and from the stored gas in at least one cylinder (10, 20, 30) can be supplied.

2. oscillating piston engine according to claim 1, characterized

in that the cylinders (10, 20, 30) each have substantially the shape of a circular ring sector and together with the motor heads (12, 22, 32) in an angular range of

360 ⁰ are arranged.

3. oscillating piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in

in that each cylinder (10, 20, 30) has a first dead center region (44) and a second dead center region (45), the two dead center regions (44, 45) lying opposite one another,

and that a respective gas line (60, 61) in one of the two dead center regions (44, 45) of a cylinder (10, 20, 30) is connected and via the memory (50) in the respective other dead center region (44, 45) of an adjacent Cylinder (10, 20, 30) is connected.

4. oscillating piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in in that all the gas lines (60, 61) are coupled to the reservoir (50).

5. oscillating piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in

in that the cylinders (10, 20, 30) each have essentially the same volume Vz and the reservoir (50) has a volume Vs, the following relationship being true:

Vs = 0.3 to 0.35 Vz.

6. oscillating piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in

in that the oscillating-piston engine furthermore has a piston shaft (90), a crank drive (100) and an output shaft (130), wherein the pivoting pistons (11, 21, 31) are mechanically coupled to the piston shaft (90), which in turn via the crank drive ( 100) is mechanically coupled to the output shaft (130).

7. oscillating piston engine according to claim 6, characterized

the mechanical coupling of the crank mechanism (100) with the output shaft (130) is realized by means of a gear (140), in particular a gear transmission.

8. oscillating piston engine according to any one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the oscillating piston motor further comprises at least one pump (150) which is mechanically coupled to the drive to the output shaft (130).

9. oscillating piston engine according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the oscillating piston motor further comprises a generator (160) which is mechanically coupled to the drive to the output shaft (130).

10. A method of operating a rotary piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein

i) in a first cylinder (10), a combustion process (200) is performed, so that the pivoting piston (1 1, 21, 31) in the cylinders (10, 20, 30) in a first Pivoting direction (46) are pivoted and at the same time from the memory (50) to be supplied storage gas (51) is passed into a third cylinder (30),

ii) in a second cylinder (20), intake air is compressed and at the same time air to be stored is supplied to the second cylinder (20),

iii) combustion residues are emitted from the third cylinder (30) and at the same time intake air is supplied to this third cylinder (30),

and then the combustion process (200), the gas line process (300), the

Compression process (400), the supply of air to be stored (500), the ejection process (600) and the supply process of intake air (700) in a respective other cylinder (10, 20, 30) are performed, wherein the pivoting direction of the rotary piston (1 1, 21, 31) is reversed,

wherein gas from the cylinder (10, 20, 30), in which the combustion process (200) takes place, in the memory (50) is passed.

1 1. Method for operating a rotary piston engine according to claim 10, characterized in that

in that a first pivoting piston (11) is arranged in the first cylinder (10), a second pivoting piston (21) is arranged in the second cylinder (20) and a third pivoting piston (31) is arranged in the third cylinder (30), the front side (40) of a respective pivoting piston (1 1, 21, 31) opposite to the next in the cylinder (10, 20, 30) is arranged and the back (41) of a respective pivoting piston (1 1, 21, 31) relative to the in the sequence preceding the cylinder (10, 20, 30) is arranged, wherein in the combustion process (200) in the first cylinder (10)

i) the angle between the back (41) of the first pivoting piston (11) and the preceding cylinder is increased, and the angle between the front (40) of the first pivoting piston (11) and the next cylinder is reduced so that in ii) the angle between the front side (40) of the second oscillating piston (21) and the next cylinder is reduced and thus a compression (400) in the second cylinder (20) is released. absorbed intake air is realized, and the angle between the back (41) of the second pivot piston (21) and the preceding cylinder is increased and thus a supply of air to be stored (500) is effected

iii) the angle between the front face (40) of the third pivoting piston (31) and the next cylinder is reduced, thus expelling combustion residues (600) are increased, and the angle between the back (41) of the third pivot piston (31) and the preceding cylinder is increased and thus the supply of intake air (700) is realized.

12. An engine system comprising a plurality of oscillating piston motors according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least two oscillating piston motors are mechanically coupled in series with each other, wherein the pivoting piston (1 1, 21, 31) of these oscillating piston motors are in dead center in opposite dead center.

13. A motor vehicle, comprising a rotary piston engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or an engine system according to claim 12.