WO2015167010A1 - 有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー、その製造方法、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜、有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー、その製造方法、及び有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜 - Google Patents
有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー、その製造方法、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜、有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー、その製造方法、及び有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜 Download PDFInfo
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- C08G79/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing two or more elements other than carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and silicon
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing two or more pyridine rings directly linked together, e.g. bipyridyl
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- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
- G02F1/15165—Polymers
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- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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- C08J2385/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon; Derivatives of such polymers
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer, a production method thereof, an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer membrane, an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer, a production method thereof, and an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer membrane.
- An organic / metal hybrid polymer is a supramolecular polymer in which metals are precisely arranged in a polymer main chain structure, and through an electronic interaction between an organic ligand and a metal, or an electronic interaction between adjacent metals, It is known that electrical and optical functions are manifested.
- an organic / metal hybrid polymer containing a transition metal such as iron (Fe) or ruthenium (Ru) exhibits electrochromic properties in the visible region and has been studied as a display device material (Non-patent Document 1).
- the electrochromic property refers to a property that changes color when a charge is applied to a substance.
- organic / heterometallic hybrid polymers in which europium (Eu) and Fe are precisely and alternately introduced using an asymmetric organic ligand a display device for Eu light emission switching corresponding to electrochromic by oxidation and reduction of Fe It is reported to function as (Non-patent Document 2).
- Some organic / metal hybrid polymers having electrochromic properties have been synthesized (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- electrochromic materials in the visible light region are progressing, but research and development of electrochromic materials in the ultraviolet region and infrared region are not so progressing.
- an electrochromic material in the infrared region can be developed, it can be applied to a near-infrared light-shielding electrochromic window that can freely shield near-infrared light from sunlight entering the interior of the room. It can be increased and energy can be saved.
- near infrared light used for optical communication there is a possibility that a product can be developed as an optical device for a near infrared light shutter.
- the present inventor aimed at electrochromism in the near-infrared region using electronic interaction between metals, and organic / heterometals in which dissimilar metals are arranged close to each other through a ⁇ -conjugated organic moiety.
- a hybrid polymer was newly synthesized.
- This organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer exhibited absorption between ions of different valence (zinc (Zn) -Ru) between different valences (Zinc (Zn) -Ru) in the near infrared region by voltage application.
- the absorption of this absorption reversibly changes depending on the on / off of voltage application, indicating the possibility as an optical device material.
- the absorption wavelength is limited to the near infrared region of 900 nm to 1500 nm. Therefore, it is difficult to realize electrochromism in the infrared region having a wavelength longer than 1500 nm.
- electrochromism itself is simple on / off of absorption, it is difficult to switch a plurality of absorption wavelengths required for an optical device of a near infrared light shutter.
- the polymer film gradually dissolves when voltage application is repeatedly turned on and off. That is, the durability of the polymer film against repeated electrochromic changes is not sufficient.
- the present invention provides an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer having an electrochromic property (particularly, an electrochromic property of near infrared light), a long chain and stable, a method for producing the same, and a film of the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer. Is an issue.
- the present invention exhibits electrochromism in the infrared region of 1500 nm or more, has a function capable of blocking light by switching at least two wavelengths from the near infrared region to the infrared region, and is durable against repeated electrochromic changes. It is an object to provide a highly organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer, a method for producing the same, and a film of the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer.
- the present inventors synthesized a novel organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer and a film thereof by trial and error.
- a material in which dissimilar metals are arranged close to each other in a conductive polymer can be converted into a structure in which valence charge transfer (IVCT) between dissimilar metals can be performed by applying a voltage and absorbs light.
- IVCT valence charge transfer
- the spectrum can be freely converted from the visible light region to the near infrared light region.
- the present inventors have found that the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer can be used as a near-infrared light shielding electrochromic window or a near-infrared light shutter, thereby completing the present invention.
- An organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is a supramolecular polymer in which an organic compound and two or more metals or two or more metals having different coordination states are linked.
- One aspect of the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is that an organic compound containing at least two ligands in the molecule and at least one metal forms a complex with a transition metal outside the organic compound, It is a multi-linked supramolecular polymer.
- at least two metals in the organic compound are included.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer is a supramolecular polymer in which the metal is different from the transition metal outside the organic compound.
- the inventors formed an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer on a glass substrate and an ITO substrate.
- An organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film containing Zn and two Rus in the unit structure can change the IVCT between dissimilar metals (Zn—Ru) from near infrared to infrared by changing the applied voltage.
- IVCT absorption between similar metals (Ru-Ru) was shown. That is, IVCT absorption between the same kind of metals (Ru-Ru) was expressed by applying an oxidation voltage from an initial state having no absorption in the near infrared to infrared region.
- the polymer when complexing an organometallic ligand having two organometals with another metal, the polymer is formed using a branched organic ligand that can be linked in three directions.
- a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer having a three-dimensional network structure was synthesized. Moreover, these were formed into a film on the glass substrate and the ITO substrate.
- organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer films showed a stable and reversible electrochromic change for at least 50 repetitions of voltage application.
- increasing the mixing ratio of the branched organic ligands connectable in three directions increases the absorption intensity compared to the IVCT absorption of the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film having no branched portion, The difference in absorbance (contrast) in electrochromism could be increased.
- the present inventors synthesized a novel organometallic ligand and used it to synthesize a novel organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer.
- the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film has electrochromic properties in the infrared region, has the function of switching light from two wavelengths in the near infrared region to the infrared region, and can block light,
- the present invention was completed by finding that if a polymer was used to introduce a branched portion into the polymer, a stable and reversible electrochromic change was exhibited even when voltage application was repeatedly turned on and off.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- “1” is an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer comprising a plurality of organometallic complexes and a plurality of transition metals, The plurality of organometallic complexes are connected in a long chain shape with each transition metal of the plurality of transition metals interposed therebetween,
- Ru (dppe) 2 and 2 are prepared such that two ligands having a terpyridyl group direct the nitrogen atom at the 1 ′ position of the terpyridyl group toward the terminal side of the molecule of the organometallic complex.
- Linked by one connector having two ethynylene groups When the terpyridyl group of at least two different organometallic complexes of the plurality of organometallic complexes is coordinated to one transition metal, the plurality of organometallic complexes alternate the plurality of transition metals.
- An organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer characterized by being connected by sandwiching. [2] The organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to [1], wherein the transition metal is any one of Ru, Fe, and Zn. [3] molecular weight M W is an organic / hetero-metal hybrid polymer according to, characterized in that it is 10.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more 29.2 ⁇ 10 4 or less [1] or [2].
- an organic solvent the organic having the terpyridine compound having the ethynyl group and terpyridyl group, is reacted with a compound containing Ru (dppe) 2, having a Ru (dppe) 2, and the terminal a terpyridyl group Synthesizing a metal complex;
- a method of synthesizing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer by reacting the organometallic complex with a transition metal compound in an organic solvent, and synthesizing the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer.
- [5] The method for producing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to [4], wherein 1.0 mol equivalent or more of a transition metal compound is reacted with the organometallic complex.
- An organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer comprising a plurality of organometallic ligands and a plurality of transition metals, The plurality of organometallic ligands have a linear portion connected linearly across each transition metal of the plurality of transition metals, The organometallic ligand is formed by connecting two ligands to one bond, In the connector, two Ru (dppe) 2 are connected via two ethynylene groups bonded to the benzene ring with the benzene ring as a center, and the two Ru (dppe) 2 are connected to the two Ru (dppe) 2 via the other two ethynylene groups.
- the two phenyl groups are linked,
- the ligand is a terpyridyl group, and is connected to the two phenyl groups of the connector,
- the terpyridyl group of at least two different organometallic ligands of the plurality of organometallic ligands is coordinated to one transition metal
- the plurality of organometallic ligands are: An organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer, wherein the plurality of transition metals are alternately sandwiched and connected.
- a binuclear organometallic moiety containing two Ru (dppe) 2 is synthesized by reacting 1 molar equivalent of diethynylbenzene with 2 molar equivalents of Ru (dppe) 2 Cl (OTf) in an organic solvent.
- a 2-mole equivalent terpyridine compound having an ethynyl group and a terpyridyl group is reacted with a 1-mole equivalent dinuclear organometallic moiety to form an organic compound having a terpyridyl group at the terminal and two Ru (dppe) 2 Synthesizing a metal ligand; Synthesizing a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer by reacting the organometallic ligand with a transition metal compound in an organic solvent, and synthesizing the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer.
- the mixed amount of the branched compound is 10 mol parts or more and 30 mol parts or less with respect to 100 mol parts in total of the straight chain portions constituting the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer [18] or [19] The method for synthesizing an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer according to [19].
- the present invention has the following aspects.
- Organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer Organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer.
- molecular weight M W is equal to or is 10.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more 29.2 ⁇ 10 4 or less (1) or (2) organic / hetero-metal hybrid polymer according to.
- An organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film comprising the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to any one of (1) to (3).
- the organometallic ligand has a linear portion linked in a straight chain with a transition metal interposed therebetween, and the organometallic ligand is formed by linking a binder and a ligand, and the bond
- two Ru [1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane] 2 (hereinafter abbreviated as Ru (dppe) 2 ) are connected through acetylene with the benzene ring as the center, and each Ru (dppe) 2 , each of which has a phenyl group linked by acetylene
- the ligand is a terpyridine group, and is linked to the phenyl group of the connector, and the terpyridine group is linked by a coordinate bond with a transition metal.
- An organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is a linear portion linked in a straight chain with a transition metal interposed therebetween, and the organometallic ligand is formed by linking a binder and a ligand, and the bond
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer of the present invention comprises a plurality of organometallic complexes and a plurality of transition metals.
- a plurality of organometallic complexes are linked in a long chain shape with each transition metal of a plurality of transition metals interposed therebetween.
- Ru (dppe) 2 and 2 have two ligands having a terpyridyl group so that the nitrogen atom at the 1 ′ position of the terpyridyl group is directed to the terminal side of the molecule of the organometallic complex. It is connected by one connector having one ethynylene group.
- a terpyridyl group of at least two different organometallic complexes of a plurality of organometallic complexes is coordinated to one transition metal, so that the plurality of organometallic complexes are connected with the plurality of transition metals alternately sandwiched between them. ing. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a long-chain supramolecular polymer capable of alternately connecting an organometallic complex and a transition metal to cause an electrochromic reaction.
- the method for producing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer of the present invention comprises reacting a terpyridine compound having an ethynyl group and a terpyridyl group with a compound containing Ru (dppe) 2 in an organic solvent to form an organic compound having a terpyridyl group at the terminal.
- the structure includes a step of synthesizing a metal complex and a step of synthesizing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer by reacting the organometallic complex with a transition metal compound in an organic solvent. Therefore, it can be synthesized in a high yield with a long-chain supramolecular polymer capable of alternately connecting an organometallic complex and a transition metal to cause an electrochromic reaction.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film of the present invention is composed of the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer described above. Therefore, it can be set as the film
- the transition metal contained in the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer is Fe or Zn
- the film can be subjected to an electrochromic reaction of near-infrared light and applied to an optical device. it can.
- the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer of the present invention includes a plurality of organometallic ligands and a plurality of transition metals.
- the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer of the present invention has a straight chain portion in which a plurality of organometallic ligands are linearly linked with each transition metal of a plurality of transition metals interposed therebetween, and the organometallic ligand Is formed by linking one binder and two ligands.
- the above-mentioned connector is composed of two Ru [1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane] 2 (in this specification, Ru (dppe) 2 ) through two ethynylene groups bonded to the benzene ring, with the benzene ring as the center. And two phenyl groups are linked to the two Ru (dppe) 2 via another ethynylene group.
- the ligand is a terpyridyl group and is connected to the phenyl group of the connector.
- the plurality of organometallic ligands are composed of a plurality of transition metals. It is the structure connected by pinching
- the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film of the present invention is composed of the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer described above, a film having electrochromic characteristics of infrared light and high stability can be formed. Thereby, it can apply to the optical device which can switch light by two wavelengths in a near infrared region from an infrared region, and can block light.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram comparing 1 H-NMR measurement results of Ru (II) -M (organometallic complex 10) in chloroform and 1 H-NMR measurement results of polyRuZn in dimethyl sulfoxide. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of SEC-RALLS-Viscometry. It is a graph which shows the electrochemical measurement result of a solution state by CV measurement. It is a graph which shows the electrochemical measurement result of a solution state by DPV measurement. It is a graph which shows the applied voltage dependence of the ultraviolet / visible / near infrared absorption spectrum of the solution state of polyRuRu.
- poly is a graph showing the (Ru 2 Zn) 100, poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90, poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80 and poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 TGA measurement results of. It is an AFM image of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 film. It is an AFM image of poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 film. It is an AFM image of poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80 film. It is an AFM image of poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film. poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film electrochemical measurement result of a CV spectrum showing the. poly is a CV spectrum showing the scan rate dependence of the (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a scanning speed and a current value.
- poly is a graph showing the (Ru 2 Zn) 100 membrane electrodialysis spectroscopic measurements of shows the change in the UV / visible / near-infrared absorption spectra before and after the application of voltage.
- poly is a graph showing the (Ru 2 Zn) 90 film electrical spectroscopic measurements of shows the change in the UV / visible / near-infrared absorption spectra before and after the application of voltage.
- poly is a graph showing the (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film electrical spectroscopic measurements of shows the change in the UV / visible / near-infrared absorption spectra before and after the application of voltage.
- poly of (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film is a graph showing the application interval dependency of the light transmittance change in the 1844nm due to voltage off.
- poly of (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film is a graph showing the repetition characteristics of the light transmittance change in the 1844nm due to voltage off.
- poly of (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film is a graph showing the application interval dependency of the light transmittance change in the 1174nm due to voltage off.
- poly of (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film is a graph showing the repetition characteristics of the light transmittance change in the 1174nm due to voltage off.
- poly of (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film is a graph showing the change in the current value due to the voltage off of change in light absorption of 1844Nm.
- poly of (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film is a graph showing the change in the current value due to the voltage off of change in light absorption of 1174Nm.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the applied voltage dependence of the UV-visible absorption spectrum of an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 ) film when the applied voltage is changed stepwise from 0.10 V to 0.40 V. is there.
- the organic / multi metal hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 ) When changing stepwise voltage applied to -0.20V from 0.05 V, the organic / multi metal hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 ) a graph showing the applied voltage dependency of the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the film It is. A graph showing the applied voltage dependence of the UV-visible absorption spectrum of an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 ) film when the applied voltage is changed stepwise from 0.40 V to 0.10 V. is there.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the structural formula of the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- n is an integer of 2 or more.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer 20 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a supramolecular polymer in which a plurality of organometallic complexes 10 are connected in a long chain shape with a transition metal M interposed therebetween. is there.
- the terpyridyl group in at least two different organometallic complexes of the plurality of organometallic complexes 10 is coordinated to one transition metal M, whereby the plurality of organometallic complexes are linked via the transition metal M.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer 20 has a unit structure (structure surrounded by parentheses) including the organometallic complex 10 and the transition metal M.
- the transition metal M is any one of Ru, Fe, or Zn.
- the organometallic complex 10 can be efficiently connected to form a long-chain organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer 20.
- the molecular weight of the supramolecular polymer means an average molecular weight per polymer chain. The molecular weight can be measured by the SEC-RALLS-Viscometry method.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an organometallic complex.
- the organometallic complex 10 has two ligands 11A and 11B having a terpyridyl group so that the nitrogen atom at the 1 ′ position of the terpyridyl group is directed to the terminal side of the molecule of the organometallic complex.
- the ligand is a 4- (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridin-4′-yl) phenyl group.
- the phenyl group in ligand 11A, 11B and the ethynylene group in the connector 13 are connected.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the oxidation-reduction reaction of the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- Ru (II) is oxidized to Ru (III), and the oxidized organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer 20 OX in which the anion in the electrolyte is close It becomes.
- an intervalence charge between Ru (III) and Fe (II) or Ru (III) and Zn (II) Near-infrared light can be absorbed by movement (Intervalency charge transfer: IVCT).
- the method for producing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an organic metal complex synthesis step S1 and an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer synthesis step S2.
- an organic metal complex having Ru (dppe) 2 and a terpyridyl group at the terminal is prepared by reacting a terpyridine compound having an ethynyl group and a terpyridyl group with a compound containing Ru (dppe) 2 in an organic solvent.
- Examples of the reaction method include stirring and mixing.
- Examples of the compound containing Ru (dppe) 2 include Ru (dppe) 2 Cl (OTf).
- the organic solvent include methylene chloride.
- Additives include sodium hexafluorophosphate and triethylamine.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 10 to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time is preferably 2 to 36 hours.
- examples of the terpyridine compound include 4 ′-(4-ethylphenyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridine.
- an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer is synthesized by reacting an organometallic complex with a transition metal compound in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent include ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, NMP, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 60 to 140 ° C.
- filtration and washing are preferably performed.
- FIG. 4 is a chemical reaction formula of the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer synthesis process.
- the terpyridyl group in the ligand forms a complex with the transition metal M, whereby a plurality of organometallic complexes are connected in a straight chain via the transition metal M.
- the transition metal compound is any one of RuCl 2 , Fe (BF 4 ) 2 , or Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 .
- Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 is zinc di [bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide], (Zinc di [(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide)]).
- the reaction time of the organometallic complex and the transition metal compound is preferably 12 hours or longer and 36 hours or shorter.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer can be synthesized with a yield of 90% or higher.
- An organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film according to an embodiment of the present invention is composed of an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Thereby, it can be set as the film
- the film thickness is preferably from 100 nm to 1 mm. More preferably, it is 100 nm or more and 400 nm or less. By setting the film thickness to 100 nm or more, the film can be stably held.
- the film thickness can be measured by observing the cross section with a scanning electron microscope.
- the transition metal contained in the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer is preferably Fe or Zn. Thereby, an electrochromic reaction of near-infrared light can be performed.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film may contain a counter anion as an optional component.
- counter anion examples include chloride ion, tetrafluoroborate anion, hexafluorophosphate anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion, perchlorate ion, and acetate ion.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film can be produced by dissolving the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer in an organic solvent, applying the solution on a transparent electrode substrate, and drying the film.
- organic solvent include methanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethylformamide.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention is a polymer in which a plurality of organometallic complexes are linked in a long chain shape with a transition metal interposed therebetween.
- two ligands having a terpyridyl group have Ru (dppe) 2 and two ligands such that the nitrogen atom at the 1 ′ position of the terpyridyl group is directed to the terminal side of the molecule of the organometallic complex. It is connected by one connector having an ethynylene group.
- the terpyridyl group of at least two different organometallic complexes of a plurality of organometallic complexes is coordinated to one transition metal, the plurality of organometallic complexes alternately sandwich the plurality of transition metals. It is connected with. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a long-chain supramolecular polymer capable of alternately connecting an organometallic complex and a transition metal to cause an electrochromic reaction.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a configuration in which the transition metal is any one of Ru, Fe, or Zn. Thereby, it is possible to obtain a long-chain supramolecular polymer capable of linking an organometallic complex and a transition metal alternately and causing an electrochromic reaction.
- the molecular weight M W may be configured is 10.5 ⁇ 10 4 or more 29.2 ⁇ 10 4 or less. Thereby, a stable film capable of causing an electrochromic reaction can be formed.
- the method for producing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer comprises reacting a terpyridine compound having an ethynyl group and a terpyridyl group with a compound containing Ru (dppe) 2 in an organic solvent, and terpyridyl at the terminal. And a step of synthesizing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer by reacting the organometallic complex with a transition metal compound in an organic solvent. Therefore, it can be synthesized in a high yield with a long-chain supramolecular polymer capable of alternately connecting an organometallic complex and a transition metal to cause an electrochromic reaction.
- the method for producing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured such that 1.0 equivalent or more of a transition metal compound is reacted with the organometallic complex. Thereby, it is possible to synthesize a long-chain supramolecular polymer that can connect an organometallic complex and a transition metal alternately and cause an electrochromic reaction, with high yield.
- the method for producing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a configuration in which the transition metal compound is any one of RuCl 2 , Fe (BF 4 ) 2 , and Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 . Accordingly, a long-chain supramolecular polymer capable of alternately connecting an organometallic complex and a transition metal and causing an electrochromic reaction can be synthesized with high yield.
- the method for producing an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a reaction time of 12 hours or longer between the organometallic complex and the transition metal compound. Accordingly, a long-chain supramolecular polymer capable of alternately connecting an organometallic complex and a transition metal and causing an electrochromic reaction can be synthesized with high yield.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film according to the embodiment of the present invention is composed of the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer described above. Therefore, it can be set as the film
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film according to the embodiment of the present invention may have a thickness of 100 nm to 1 mm. Thereby, the film can be stably held, and the response speed of the electrochromic reaction can be increased.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a configuration in which the transition metal contained in the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer is a transition metal of Fe or Zn. Thereby, it can be set as the film
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are diagrams showing an example of a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film 1 ′ according to the second embodiment of the present invention is formed in a substantially rectangular shape in plan view on the transparent conductive film 51 ′ of the glass substrate 50 ′.
- the shape in plan view is not limited to this, and is not limited to the form formed on the transparent conductive film 51 ′.
- An example of the transparent conductive film 51 ′ is an ITO film.
- the film thickness of the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film is preferably 100 nm or more and 1 mm or less. More preferably, it is 100 nm or more and 400 nm or less. By setting the film thickness to 100 nm or more, the film can be stably held. In addition, by setting the film thickness to 1 mm or less, the response speed of the electrochromic reaction to the voltage operation can be increased when used by being connected to the electrode.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. 18A.
- the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film 1 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is formed by mixing in the form of a mesh.
- the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film can be produced by dissolving the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer in an organic solvent, applying the solution on a transparent electrode substrate, and drying.
- organic solvent include methanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethylformamide.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a structural formula of a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer constituting part C of FIG.
- the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention is a linear supramolecular polymer.
- the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which an organic metal ligand 21 ′ is linearly connected with a transition metal M ′ interposed therebetween. It consists of only chain part 31 ', and is constituted roughly.
- the organometallic ligand 21 ′ is formed by connecting a connector 13 ′ and ligands 11′A and 11′B.
- two Ru (dppe) 2 are linked through two ethynylene groups bonded to the benzene ring with the benzene ring as the center, and another ethynylene group is linked to each Ru (dppe) 2.
- the phenyl group is linked to the ethynylene group.
- the ligands 11′A and 11′B are terpyridyl groups, and the 4 ′ positions of the terpyridyl groups are connected to the para positions of the phenyl groups at both ends of the connector 13 ′.
- the terpyridyl group is coordinated with the transition metal M ′ to couple a plurality of organometallic ligands 21 ′.
- FIG. 21 is a chemical formula showing an example of a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ according to an embodiment of the present invention is represented by a plurality of organometallic poly (Ru 2 Zn) X.
- X means the proportion (mol%) of the straight chain portion when the total of the straight chain portion and the branched portion constituting the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is 100 mol%.
- X 100. That is, poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 .
- n is a natural number of 2 or more. As shown in FIG.
- the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ has a unit structure derived from the linear portion, that is, a unit structure including an organometallic ligand 21 ′ and a transition metal M ′. (Structure enclosed in parentheses).
- Ru (II) is oxidized to Ru (III), and the anion in the electrolyte is close to the oxidized organic / multi It becomes a metal hybrid polymer.
- transition metal M ′ examples include Fe, Zn, Co, or Ru.
- transition metal M ′ include Fe, Zn, Co, or Ru.
- IVCT intervalence charge transfer
- the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention has a configuration in which dissimilar transition metals Zn and Ru are arranged in close proximity and the same kind of transition metals Ru and Ru are arranged in close proximity. It has not only absorption of IVCT between different kinds of metals Zn—Ru, but also absorption of IVCT between same kinds of metals Ru—Ru.
- a film capable of causing an electrochromic reaction at two wavelengths from the near infrared to the infrared region can be obtained, and the absorbance at one absorption peak wavelength is lowered and the other absorption is achieved by turning on / off voltage application.
- the absorbance at the peak wavelength can be increased and vice versa, and light can be blocked by switching at two wavelengths from the near infrared to the infrared region.
- the method for producing a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer includes a binuclear organometallic site synthesizing step S1, an organometallic ligand synthesizing step S2, and a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid.
- FIG. 22 is a chemical reaction formula for binuclear organometallic site synthesis.
- diethynylbenzene and Ru (dppe) 2 Cl (OTf) are reacted in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent include methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene. Of these, methylene chloride and chloroform are preferred.
- the reaction temperature is preferably room temperature to 80 ° C., more preferably room temperature to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time is preferably 24 to 72 hours, more preferably 24 to 48 hours.
- FIG. 23 is a chemical reaction formula for synthesizing an organometallic ligand.
- a terpyridine compound having an ethynyl group and a terpyridyl group in an organic solvent, [ClRu (II) (dppe) 2 ⁇ C ⁇ CH—Ph—CH ⁇ C (dppe) 2 Ru (II) Cl] (OTf) 2 In a nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of a base and an inorganic salt.
- examples of the terpyridine compound include 4 ′-(4-ethylphenyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridine.
- Examples of the organic solvent include methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene. Of these, methylene chloride and chloroform are preferred.
- Examples of the base include triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, trihexylamine, and dimethylaniline. Of these, triethylamine is preferable.
- Examples of the inorganic salt include sodium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, ammonium hexafluorophosphate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, sodium perchlorate, and ammonium perchlorate. Of these, sodium hexafluorophosphate is preferable.
- the reaction time is preferably 1 to 14 days, more preferably 5 to 9 days.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 10 to 60 ° C., more preferably room temperature to 40 ° C.
- filtration is performed, and the solid is washed with the poor solvent.
- a metal ligand (L-Ru (II) 2 -L) is synthesized.
- the poor solvent include diethyl ether and acetone. Of these, diethyl ether is preferable.
- FIG. 24 is a chemical reaction formula for synthesizing a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer.
- an organometallic ligand (L-Ru (II) 2 -L) and a transition metal compound (eg, Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 ) are reacted in an organic solvent to form a straight chain composed only of a linear part.
- the degree of polymerization (number of n) can be adjusted by changing the number of molar equivalents of the transition metal compound added to the organometallic ligand. That is, when 1.0 molar equivalent of a transition metal compound is reacted with the organometallic ligand, the degree of polymerization (n) increases, and the molar equivalent of the transition metal compound to be reacted increases. The degree of polymerization (n) decreases.
- transition metal compound examples include Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 , Zn (BF 4 ) 2 , Zn (OAc) 2 , and ZnCl 2 .
- Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 is preferable.
- Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 is zinc di [bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide], (Zinc di [(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide)]).
- Fe (BF 4 ) 2 , Fe (OAc) 2 , and FeCl 2 can also be used as the transition metal compound. Thereby, the polymer which has Fe is compoundable.
- the reaction time of the organometallic ligand and the transition metal compound is preferably 3 to 24 hours, more preferably 6 to 12 hours. Thereby, it can synthesize
- the organic solvent NMP, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, chlorobenzene, and propylene carbonate are preferable, and NMP and dimethylformamide are more preferable.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 80 to 160 ° C, more preferably 100 to 120 ° C.
- the poor solvent include diethyl ether, acetone, methylene chloride, chloroform, and water. Of these, diethyl ether, chloroform and water are preferred.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing another example of an enlarged view of a part B in FIG. 18A.
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film 2 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention has a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is good also as a structure formed by mixing in the shape of a line.
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ has a branched portion 41 ′ in which a linear portion is connected to two or more other linear portions and branches in three or more directions, and has a network structure. It can be formed more firmly. Thereby, heat resistance improves and the stability of a film
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film can be produced by dissolving the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer in an organic solvent, applying the solution on a transparent electrode substrate, and drying.
- organic solvent include heated dimethyl sulfoxide, heated dimethylformamide, and heated chlorobenzene.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of a structural formula of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer that constitutes part D of FIG.
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention is a branched supramolecular polymer.
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention has a linear chain in which an organometallic ligand 21 ′ is linearly connected with a transition metal M ′ interposed therebetween.
- the branched portion 41 ' has a structure in which a ligand 11'C is connected to a branching element (triphenylbenzene) 15', has a structure branched in three or more directions around the branching element, and is coordinated to a branched end. Has a child.
- a linear part can be connected with two or more other linear parts, and it can be set as the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer branched in three or more directions.
- the organometallic ligand 21 has the same configuration as that described in the description of the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer according to the embodiment of the present invention. That is, the organometallic ligand is formed by connecting one connector 13 ′ and two ligands 11′A and 11′B. In the connector 13 ′, two Ru (dppe) 2 are connected through two ethynylene groups bonded to the benzene ring with the benzene ring as the center, and another ethynylene group is bonded to each Ru (dppe) 2. Each phenyl group is linked to this ethynylene group.
- the ligands 11′A and 11′B are terpyridyl groups, and the 4 ′ positions of the terpyridyl groups are linked to the para positions of the phenyl groups at both ends of the connector 13 ′.
- the terpyridyl group of at least two different organometallic ligands 21 ′ of the plurality of organometallic ligands 21 ′ is coordinated to one transition metal M ′, a plurality of organometallic ligands 21 'are connected in a straight line by alternately sandwiching a plurality of transition metals M'.
- FIG. 27 is a chemical formula showing an example of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention is represented by poly (Ru 2 Zn) X , and X is 70 ⁇ X ⁇ 100.
- n and m are natural numbers of 2 or more.
- n is a linear part and m is a branched part.
- poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80
- poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 and the like are examples of poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 , poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80 , poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 and the like.
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ has a unit structure derived from a straight chain portion (that is, a unit structure including an organometallic ligand 21 ′ and a transition metal M ′). And a unit structure derived from a branched portion.
- Ru (II) is oxidized to Ru (III), and the oxidized organic / multimetallic in which the anion in the electrolyte is close It becomes a hybrid polymer.
- transition metal M examples include Fe or Zn.
- IVCT intervalence charge transfer
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention has a configuration in which different kinds of transition metals Zn and Ru are arranged in close proximity and the same kind of transition metals Ru and Ru are arranged in close proximity.
- it also has the absorption of IVCT between the same type of metal Ru—Ru.
- a film capable of causing an electrochromic reaction at two wavelengths from the near infrared to the infrared region can be obtained, and the absorbance at one absorption peak wavelength is lowered and the other absorption is achieved by turning on / off voltage application.
- the absorbance at the peak wavelength can be increased and vice versa, and light can be blocked by switching at two wavelengths from the near infrared to the infrared region.
- the method for producing a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer includes a binuclear organometallic site synthesis step S1, an organometallic ligand synthesis step S2, and a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid. It has a polymer synthesis step S3 and a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer synthesis step S4.
- Binuclear organometallic site synthesis step S1 The binuclear organometallic moiety synthesis step S1 described in the method for producing a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer according to the embodiment of the present invention is performed to synthesize a binuclear organometallic moiety.
- Organometallic ligand synthesis step S2 The organometallic ligand is synthesized in the same manner as in the organometallic ligand synthesis step S2 described in the method for producing a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- Linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer synthesis step S3 In the same manner as in the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer synthesis step S3 of the method for producing a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer according to the embodiment of the present invention, the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is prepared. Perform synthesis.
- FIG. 28 is a chemical reaction formula of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer synthesis process.
- a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ a transition metal compound (for example, Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 ), and a branched compound that can be linked in three directions (for example, NMP) , 1,3,5-Tris [4- (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridin-4′-yl) phenyl] benzene) to produce a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer Is synthesized.
- a transition metal compound for example, Zn (NTf 2 ) 2
- a branched compound that can be linked in three directions for example, NMP
- the mixing amount of the transition metal compound indicates Zn when the same kind of transition metal (for example, Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 ) constituting the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is mixed.
- a transition metal for example, Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 indicates Zn in the case of mixing
- transition metal compound examples include Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 , Zn (BF 4 ) 2 , Zn (OAc) 2 , and ZnCl 2 .
- Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 is preferable.
- Fe (BF 4 ) 2 , Fe (OAc) 2 , and FeCl 2 can also be used as the transition metal compound. Thereby, the polymer which has Fe in a branch part is compoundable.
- the reaction time of the organometallic ligand and the transition metal compound is preferably 6 to 48 hours, more preferably 12 to 24 hours. Thereby, it can synthesize
- the organic solvent include NMP: N-methyl-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, chlorobenzene, and propylene carbonate. Of these, NMP and dimethylformamide are preferable.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 100 to 120 ° C.
- a branched compound is branched in three or more directions around a branching element, and has a ligand at the end of the branched molecule.
- the branched compound include 1,3,5-Tris [4- (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridin-4′-yl) phenyl] benzene (hereinafter “3D-M”).
- 3D-M 1,3,5-Tris [4- (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridin-4′-yl) phenyl] benzene
- triphenylmethane can be used in addition to triphenylbenzene.
- tetraphenylmethane which is a branched compound in four or more directions may be used.
- the mixing amount of the branched compound is preferably 10 mol parts or more and 30 mol parts or less with respect to a total of 100 mol parts of the linear portion and the branched compound constituting the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer.
- the linear or branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymers 5 ′ and 6 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention are obtained by directly connecting organic metal ligands 21 ′ with a transition metal M ′ interposed therebetween. It has a chain part 31 '.
- the organometallic ligand 21 ′ is formed by connecting a connector 13 ′ and ligands 11′A and 11′B.
- two Ru (dppe) 2 are connected through two ethynylene groups bonded to the benzene ring with the benzene ring as the center, and another ethynylene group is bonded to each Ru (dppe) 2.
- Each phenyl group is linked to this ethynylene group.
- the ligands 11′A and 11′B are terpyridyl groups and are connected to the phenyl group of the connector 13 ′.
- the terpyridyl group of at least two different organometallic ligands 21 ′ among the plurality of organometallic ligands 21 ′ is coordinated to one transition metal M ′, a plurality of organometallic coordinations are achieved.
- the child 21 ' is connected with a plurality of transition metals M' interposed therebetween. Therefore, a linear or branched polymer can be obtained, film stability can be enhanced, infrared electrochromic properties can be obtained, and repetitive stability can be increased.
- the linear or branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′, 6 ′ that is an embodiment of the present invention may have a configuration in which the transition metal M is Fe, Zn, Co, or Ru.
- the transition metal M is Fe, Zn, Co, or Ru.
- the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′ may have a linear configuration. Thereby, it has the electrochromic characteristic of infrared light, and can improve stability repeatedly.
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ that is an embodiment of the present invention may have a branched configuration. Thereby, film
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ is 1,3,5-Tris [4- (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridin-4′-yl). phenyl] benzone may be used.
- a linear part can be connected with two or more other linear parts, and it can branch in three or more directions, can improve film
- the content of the branched portion 41 ′ is based on the total number of moles of the linear portion and the branched portion constituting the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer.
- the structure which is 10 mol part or more and 30 mol part or less may be sufficient. Thereby, film
- the method for synthesizing the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′, 6 ′ which is a linear or branched embodiment of the present invention, comprises 1 equivalent of diethynylbenzene and 2 equivalents of Ru (dppe) 2 Cl in an organic solvent. (OTf) is reacted to synthesize a binuclear organometallic moiety containing two Ru (dppe) 2 , and 2 equivalents of an ethynyl group and 1 equivalent of a terpyridine compound having a terpyridyl group in an organic solvent.
- a method for synthesizing a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 6 ′ according to an embodiment of the present invention is branched into three or more directions centering on the above-mentioned linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer and branching branches.
- a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is synthesized by reacting a branched compound having a ligand at the end of the molecule with a transition metal compound. Therefore, it is possible to synthesize a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer having an electrochromic property of infrared light and having high repetition stability with high yield.
- the branched compound is 1,3,5-Tris [4- (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′- terpyridin-4′-yl) phenyl] benzene.
- the mixed amount of the branched compound is 100 mol parts in total of the linear parts constituting the linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer.
- the composition may be 10 mol parts or more and 30 mol parts or less.
- the transition metal compound is Fe (BF 4 ) 2 or Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 . It may be a configuration. Thereby, it is possible to synthesize an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer having electrochromic characteristics of infrared light and high repeatability and high yield.
- the method for synthesizing a linear or branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer 5 ′, 6 ′ according to an embodiment of the present invention has a configuration in which the reaction time of the organometallic ligand and the transition metal compound is 6 hours or more. There may be. Thereby, it is possible to synthesize an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer having electrochromic characteristics of infrared light and high repeatability and high yield.
- the linear or branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer films 1 ′ and 2 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention are composed of linear or branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymers 5 ′ and 6 ′. It is. Therefore, it is possible to form a film having electrochromic characteristics of infrared light and high stability repeatedly. Thereby, it can apply to the optical device which can switch light by two wavelengths from near infrared region to infrared region and can block light.
- the linear or branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer films 1 ′ and 2 ′ according to the embodiment of the present invention may have a thickness of 100 nm to 1 mm. Thereby, a film having electrochromic characteristics of infrared light and high stability can be formed. Thereby, it can apply to the optical device which can switch light by two wavelengths from near infrared region to infrared region and can block light.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer, the production method thereof, and the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film according to the embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention, Various modifications can be made. Specific examples of the present invention are shown in the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer, the production method thereof, and the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film according to the embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiment, and within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention, Various modifications can be made. Specific examples of the present invention are shown in the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- Example 1 First, a terpyridine compound having an ethynyl group and a terpyridyl group (4 ′-(4-ethylphenyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridine) (100 mg) and Ru (dppe) 2 Cl (OTf) (153.6 mg) was stirred in methylene chloride (20 mL) at room temperature for 24 hours in the presence of sodium hexafluorophosphate (126 mg) and triethylamine (110 ⁇ L), filtered after completion of the reaction, and the filtrate was concentrated.
- methylene chloride 20 mL
- sodium hexafluorophosphate 126 mg
- triethylamine 110 ⁇ L
- organometallic complex 10 having a terpyridyl group at the end (283 mg, yield 55.5%).
- 1 H-, 13 C-NMR, and MS spectrum measurements were performed to confirm the structure of the organometallic complex 10.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a titration test result in an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the change in absorbance at 605 nm and the addition amount in FIG.
- MLCT characteristic metal-ligand charge transfer
- the obtained polyRuFe was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and methylene chloride.
- Example 2 An organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer (polyRuRu) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.0 molar equivalent of RuCl 2 was added to an ethylene glycol solution of the organometallic complex 10 and stirred at 120 ° C. for 24 hours. The yield was 92%. The obtained polyRuRu was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and methylene chloride.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.0 molar equivalent of Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 was added to an NMP (N-methyl-pyrrolidone) solution of the organometallic complex 10 and stirred at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- NMP N-methyl-pyrrolidone
- An organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer (polyRuZn) was obtained with a yield of 92%.
- polyRuZn was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide, it was insoluble in acetonitrile and methylene chloride.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram comparing the 1 H-NMR spectrum of organometallic complex 10 (represented here as Ru (II) -M) in chloroform and the 1 H-NMR spectrum of polyRuZn in dimethyl sulfoxide. From the high magnetic field shift of the proton at position 6 and 6 "of the terpyridyl group and the low magnetic field shift of the other protons of terpyridine, it was found that Zn and terpyridine were complexed, indicating that an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer was synthesized. It was.
- FIG. 9A is a graph showing an electrochemical measurement result in a solution state by CV measurement.
- FIG. 9B is a graph showing an electrochemical measurement result in a solution state by DPV measurement.
- Each polymer exhibited a reversible redox wave of Ru in the organometallic complex 10 around 0.25V.
- polyRuRu showed a reversible redox wave of Ru complexed with a terpyridine moiety at 0.72V.
- polyRuFe showed a reversible redox wave of Fe complexed with the terpyridine moiety at 0.70V.
- FIG. 10A is a graph showing the applied voltage dependence of the ultraviolet / visible / near infrared absorption spectrum of polyRuRu in a solution state.
- FIG. 10B is a graph showing the applied voltage dependence of the ultraviolet / visible / near infrared absorption spectrum of polyRuFe in a solution state.
- FIG. 10C is a graph showing the applied voltage dependence of the ultraviolet / visible / near infrared absorption spectrum of polyRuZn in a solution state.
- PolyRuFe and polyRuZn were absorbed in the near infrared region when 0.5 V was applied.
- polyRuFe when the voltage value was further increased and 1.0 V was applied, absorption in the near infrared region disappeared.
- This near-infrared electrochromism phenomenon is presumed to be absorption due to charge transfer between valences of Ru (III) / Fe (II) and Ru (III) / Zn (II) due to the oxidation reaction of Ru. did.
- polyRuFe and polyRuZn the electrochromism phenomenon in the near infrared region appeared reversibly 30 times or more.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an example of the working electrode.
- a polyRuFe working electrode and a polyRuZn working electrode were produced in the same manner except that the type of the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer was changed.
- cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrospectrometry of the film state were performed. Measurement conditions were as follows: 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) in acetonitrile solution, working electrode: ITO glass + organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer thin film, counter electrode: ITO glass, reference electrode: Ag / Ag + did.
- TBAP tetrabutylammonium perchlorate
- FIG. 12A is a graph showing measurement data of the scan speed dependence of the CV measurement result of the polyRuZn film.
- FIG. 12B is a graph showing the relationship between the scan speed and the current value.
- the scan speed was 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500 mVs ⁇ 1 . As the speed increased, the flowing current value increased.
- the current value showed the dependence of the scan speed to the 1/2 power and the first-order linearity.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing a result of electrospectroscopy measurement in a film state of polyRuZn, and shows a change in absorbance (Abs) before and after voltage application.
- Abs absorbance
- the change ⁇ T in transmittance in the near infrared region when 0 V and 0.5 V were applied was 60% or more.
- FIG. 14 is a photograph showing the external appearance when no voltage is applied to polyRuZn in the film state (0 V) and when 0.5 V is applied.
- the film When no voltage was applied (0 V), the film was a transparent red-purple film, and when 0.5 V was applied, the film was a transparent light yellow film.
- FIG. 15A is a graph showing changes in physical property values associated with voltage on / off of polyRuZn in a film state, and shows changes in current value associated with voltage on / off.
- FIG. 15B shows a change in light transmittance at a wavelength of 1147 nm. The transmittance changed corresponding to the current value. The change in current value and the change in light transmittance at a wavelength of 1147 nm corresponded with high reproducibility.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing a change in light transmittance at a wavelength of 1147 nm with voltage on / off with the interval for changing the voltage between 0 V and 0.5 V of polyRuZn in the film state being 20 seconds.
- the transmittance changed from 80% to 20% at a high speed of about 3 seconds, and the change from 20% to 89% also changed at a similar high speed.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the change in transmittance when the voltage is changed from 0 V to 0.5 V 600 times in 3000 s for the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer (polyRuZn) film.
- the change in transmittance is reversibly stable and the transmittance (absolute value) gradually deteriorates, but the change in transmittance ⁇ T is almost constant, and the change in transmittance ⁇ T in the NIR region is 60 after 3000 s. % Or more.
- an NMP solution in which an equimolar amount of Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 is dispersed in an NMP (N-methyl-pyrrolidone) solution of an organometallic ligand (L-Ru (II) 2 -L) under an argon atmosphere. Is added stepwise and stirred for 6 hours while refluxing at about 120 ° C., thereby collecting a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 ) composed of a dark red solid. Obtained at a rate of 82%. The obtained poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 was dissolved in dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- a linear organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, and a linear organic / multimetallic solution is formed on a slide glass by a drop-coating method.
- a film of metal hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 ) was formed.
- a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, and the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid is formed on a slide glass by a drop-coating method.
- a film of polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 ) was formed.
- a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, and ITO glass (active area: 0.8) is prepared by a drop-coating method.
- a film of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 ) was formed on ⁇ 2.5 cm 2 ) to produce a working electrode. The film thickness was 25 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 a 3D-M NMP solution prepared in advance so as to be 20 mol parts with respect to a total of 100 mol parts of the linear part constituting poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 is directly added to a dark red solid. It was added to a chain organic / multi metal hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 ). Next, 3D-M and an equivalent amount of Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 were mixed, stirred at reflux at about 120 ° C. for 18 hours, precipitated in diethyl ether, washed with chloroform, water and diethyl ether.
- poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80 branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer made of a dark red solid with a yield of 80%.
- the obtained poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80 was dissolved in heated dimethyl sulfoxide. It was insoluble in dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. It was speculated that the heat resistance was improved by the 3D network structure.
- a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, and the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid is formed on a slide glass by a drop-coating method.
- a polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80 ) film was formed.
- a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, and ITO glass (active area: 0.8) is prepared by a drop-coating method.
- a film of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80 ) was formed on ⁇ 2.5 cm 2 ) to prepare a working electrode. The film thickness was 25 ⁇ m.
- Example 7 a 3D-M NMP solution prepared in advance so as to be 30 mol parts with respect to a total of 100 mol parts of the linear part constituting poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 is directly added to a dark red solid. It was added to a chain organic / multi metal hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 ). Next, 3D-M and an equivalent amount of Zn (NTf 2 ) 2 were mixed, stirred at reflux at about 120 ° C. for 18 hours, precipitated in diethyl ether, washed with chloroform, water and diethyl ether.
- poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer composed of a dark red solid with a high yield of 81%.
- the resulting poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 was dissolved in heated dimethyl sulfoxide. It was insoluble in dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. It was speculated that the heat resistance was improved by the 3D network structure.
- the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, and the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid is formed on the slide glass by a drop-coating method.
- a film of polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 ) was formed.
- a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, and ITO glass (active area: 0.8) is prepared by a drop-coating method.
- a film of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 ) was formed on ⁇ 2.5 cm 2 ) to prepare a working electrode. The film thickness was 25 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing TGA measurement results of poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 , poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 , poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80, and poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 . All samples lost weight when heated. T d10 is the heating temperature when the mass is reduced by 10%. The T d10 of poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 was 321.5 ° C., which was the lowest. According to increase the proportion of Zn, T d10 is high, T d10 of poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 is 372.4 ° C., it was highest.
- FIG. 30A is an AFM image of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 film
- FIG. 30B is an AFM image of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 film
- FIG. 30C is an AFM image of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 80 film
- FIG. 30D is an AFM image of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film.
- the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 film was a porous film.
- the root-mean square roughness R rms was as small as 1.1 nm.
- the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 film to the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film were completely different from the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 film and were rough films.
- the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film was the most porous film.
- FIG. 31 is a CV spectrum showing the electrochemical measurement results of the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film. Reversible peaks were observed at 21 mV and 255 mV. These are due to the redox between Ru (II) / (III) in the Ru-acetylide complex.
- FIG. 32 is a CV spectrum showing the scan rate dependence of the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film.
- the scanning speed is 10, 20, 50, 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500 mVs ⁇ 1 .
- the peak current value increased as the scanning speed was increased.
- FIG. 33 is a graph showing the relationship between the scan speed and the current value.
- the current values of first oxidized current, second oxidized current, first reduced current, and second reduced current were obtained with a 1 ⁇ 2 power of the scan speed and a linear relationship.
- the scan speed root square R 2 was 0.99791, 0.99717, 0.99926, 0.99839.
- FIG. 34 is a graph showing the results of electrospectroscopy measurement of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 100 film, showing changes in the ultraviolet / visible / near infrared absorption spectrum before and after voltage application. At 0.50 V, it has absorption near 1174 nm, but almost no absorption appears near 1844 nm. On the other hand, when 0.05 V and ⁇ 0.50 V were applied, the absorption at 1174 nm decreased and the absorption at 1844 nm increased slightly.
- FIG. 35 is a graph showing the results of electrospectroscopy measurement of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 90 film, showing changes in the ultraviolet / visible / near infrared absorption spectrum before and after voltage application. At 0.50 V, it has absorption near 1174 nm, but almost no absorption appears near 1844 nm. On the other hand, when 0.05 V was applied, the absorption at 1174 nm decreased and the absorption at 1844 nm slightly increased. When ⁇ 0.50 V was applied, the absorption at 1174 nm was greatly reduced and the absorption at 1844 nm was greatly increased.
- FIG. 36 is a graph showing the results of electrospectroscopy measurement of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film, showing changes in the ultraviolet / visible / near infrared absorption spectrum before and after voltage application. At 0.40 V, it has absorption near 1174 nm, but almost no absorption appears near 1844 nm. On the other hand, when 0.05 V was applied, the absorption at 1174 nm decreased and the absorption at 1844 nm increased slightly. When ⁇ 0.20 V was applied, the absorption at 1174 nm was greatly reduced and the absorption at 1844 nm was greatly increased.
- FIG. 37 is a graph showing the applied voltage dependence of the change in light transmittance at 1844 nm with voltage on / off of the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film.
- FIG. 38 is a graph showing repetitive characteristics of a change in light transmittance at 1844 nm with voltage on / off of the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film.
- the coloring efficiency ⁇ 337 (cm 2 / C) and ⁇ T> 60%.
- coloring efficiency (eta) is prescribed
- the coloring efficiency ⁇ is an index indicating how much area the absorbance can be changed.
- .DELTA.OD is the change in optical density
- Q d is the change in fill / drain electrons.
- Tb is (81.5) and Tc is (19.5).
- FIG. 39 is a graph showing the applied voltage dependence of the change in light transmittance at 1174 nm with voltage on / off of the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film.
- FIG. 40 is a graph showing repetitive characteristics of light transmittance change at 1174 nm with voltage on / off of the poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film.
- the coloring efficiency ⁇ 272 (cm 2 / C) and ⁇ T> 70%. As described above, the change in light transmittance was fast and reproducible.
- FIG. 41 is a graph showing a change in current value associated with voltage on / off of a change in light absorption at 1844 nm of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film.
- FIG. 42 is a graph showing a change in current value with voltage on / off of a change in light absorption at 1174 nm of a poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 film.
- FIG. 43A shows the ultraviolet / visible / nearness of the film of the branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer ((polyRu 2 Zn) 70 ) when the applied voltage is changed stepwise from ⁇ 0.20 V to 0.05 V. It is a graph which shows the applied voltage dependence of an infrared absorption spectrum.
- FIG. 43B shows an ultraviolet / visible / near infrared film of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer ((polyRu 2 Zn) 70 ) when the applied voltage is changed stepwise from 0.10 V to 0.40 V. It is a graph which shows the applied voltage dependence of an absorption spectrum.
- FIG. 44A shows an ultraviolet / visible / bipolar film of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 ) when the applied voltage is changed stepwise from 0.05 V to ⁇ 0.20 V. It is a graph which shows the applied voltage dependence of a near-infrared absorption spectrum.
- FIG. 44B shows the ultraviolet / visible / nearness of a film of a branched organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer (poly (Ru 2 Zn) 70 ) when the applied voltage is changed stepwise from 0.40 V to 0.10 V. It is a graph which shows the applied voltage dependence of an infrared absorption spectrum.
- Table 1 shows the electrochemical properties of organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer ((polyRu 2 Zn) 70 ) films in 0.1 M LiClO 4 in acetonitrile.
- the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer, the production method thereof, and the organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer film of the present invention relate to an organic / heterometallic hybrid polymer having electrochromic properties and stable in a long chain.
- the light absorption spectrum can be freely converted from the visible light region to the near infrared light region. Therefore, it can be used as a near-infrared light shielding electrochromic window or a near-infrared light shutter, and can be used in the optical communication industry, the optical device industry, the window industry, and the like.
- the organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer of the present invention is a newly synthesized compound having an organometallic ligand formed by linking two Ru (dppe) 2 as a constituent factor, and has an electrochromic property of infrared light, It is an organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer having high metal redox stability. In particular, it can be used as an optical communication device capable of blocking light by switching between two wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm used in optical communication. Therefore, it can be used in the optical communication industry, the optical device industry, the smart window industry, and the like. The manufacturing method and organic / multimetallic hybrid polymer film may be used in the same industry.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年5月2日に、日本に出願された特願2014-095275、及び2015年1月26日に、日本に出願された特願2015-012448に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、非対称な有機配位子を用いてユウロピウム(Eu)とFeを精密に交互に導入した有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーについては、Feの酸化還元によるエレクトロクロミックに対応したEuの発光スイッチングの表示デバイスとして機能することが報告されている(非特許文献2)。
また、エレクトロクロミック特性を有する有機/金属ハイブリットポリマーがいくつか合成されている(特許文献1、2)。
また、エレクトロクロミズム自体も、単純な吸収のオンオフであるため、近赤外光シャッターの光デバイスで求められる複数の吸収波長の切り替えは困難である。
更に、上記直鎖状有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーは、電圧印加のオンオフを繰り返すとポリマー膜が徐々に溶解する。つまり、繰り返しのエレクトロクロミック変化に対するポリマー膜の耐久性が十分でない。
本発明は、例えば、以下の構成を有する。
前記複数の有機金属錯体が前記複数の遷移金属の各遷移金属を挟んで長鎖状に連結されており、
前記有機金属錯体は、ターピリジル基を有する2つの配位子が、前記ターピリジル基の1’位の窒素原子を前記有機金属錯体の分子の末端側に向けるようにして、Ru(dppe)2と2つのエチニレン基とを有する1つの結合子で連結されており、
前記遷移金属1つに対して、前記複数の有機金属錯体の少なくとも2つの異なる前記有機金属錯体のターピリジル基が配位結合することにより、前記複数の有機金属錯体が前記複数の遷移金属を交互に挟んで連結されていることを特徴とする有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[2]前記遷移金属がRu、Fe又はZnのいずれかであることを特徴とする[1]に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[3]分子量MWが10.5×104以上29.2×104以下であることを特徴とする[1]又は[2]に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[4]有機溶媒中、エチニル基とターピリジル基とを持つターピリジン化合物と、Ru(dppe)2を含む化合物とを反応させて、Ru(dppe)2を有し、かつ末端にターピリジル基を持つ有機金属錯体を合成する工程と、
有機溶媒中、前記有機金属錯体と遷移金属化合物を反応させて、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーを合成する工程と、を有することを特徴とする有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
[5]前記有機金属錯体に対して1.0モル当量以上の遷移金属化合物を反応させることを特徴とする[4]に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
[6]前記遷移金属化合物がRuCl2、Fe(BF4)2、又はZn(NTf2)2のいずれかであることを特徴とする[4]又は[5]に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
[7]前記有機金属錯体と前記遷移金属化合物との反応時間が12時間以上であることを特徴とする[4]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
[8][1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーからなることを特徴とする有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
[9]膜厚が100nm以上1mm以下であることを特徴とする[8]に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
[10]前記有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーに含まれる遷移金属がFe又はZnのいずれかの遷移金属であることを特徴とする[8]又は[9]に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
[11]複数の有機金属配位子と、複数の遷移金属とを含む有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーであって、
前記複数の有機金属配位子が前記複数の遷移金属の各遷移金属を挟んで直鎖状に連結された直鎖部を有し、
前記有機金属配位子は1つの結合子に対し2つの配位子が連結されてなり、
前記結合子はベンゼン環を中心にしてベンゼン環に結合した2つのエチニレン基を介して2つのRu(dppe)2が連結され、前記2つのRu(dppe)2に他の2つのエチニレン基を介して2つのフェニル基が連結されてなり、
前記配位子はターピリジル基であり、前記結合子の前記2つのフェニル基にそれぞれ連結されてなり、
前記遷移金属1つに対して、前記複数の有機金属配位子の少なくとも2つの異なる前記有機金属配位子の前記ターピリジル基が配位結合することにより、前記複数の有機金属配位子が、前記複数の遷移金属を交互に挟んで連結されていることを特徴とする有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[12]前記遷移金属がFe、Zn、Co又はRuであることを特徴とする[11]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[13]直鎖状であることを特徴とする[11]又は[12]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[14]分岐状であることを特徴とする[11]又は[12]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[15]1,3,5-Tris[4-(2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridin-4´-yl)phenyl]benzeneからなる分岐部を有することを特徴とする[14]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[16]前記分岐部の含有量が、有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを構成する直鎖部及び分岐部の合計モル数に対し、10mol部以上30mol部以下であることを特徴とする[14]又は[15]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
[17]有機溶媒中、1モル当量のジエチニルベンゼンと2モル当量のRu(dppe)2Cl(OTf)を反応させて、2つのRu(dppe)2を含む二核有機金属部位を合成する工程と、
有機溶媒中、エチニル基及びターピリジル基を持つ2モル当量のターピリジン化合物と1モル当量の二核有機金属部位を反応させて、末端にターピリジル基を有し、2つのRu(dppe)2を有する有機金属配位子を合成する工程と、
有機溶媒中、前記有機金属配位子と遷移金属化合物を反応させて、直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを合成する工程と、を有することを特徴とする有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
[18]前記直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーと、分岐子を中心に3方向以上に分岐され、分岐した分子の末端に配位子を有する分岐化合物と、遷移金属化合物とを反応させて、分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを合成することを特徴とする[17]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
[19]前記分岐化合物が1,3,5-Tris[4-(2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridin-4´-yl)phenyl]benzeneであることを特徴とする[18]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
[20]前記分岐化合物の混合量が直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを構成する直鎖部の合計100mol部に対して10mol部以上30mol部以下であることを特徴とする[18]又は[19]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
[21]前記有機金属配位子に対して1.0モル当量以上の遷移金属化合物を反応させることを特徴とする[17]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
[22]前記遷移金属化合物がFe(BF4)2又はZn(NTf2)2であることを特徴とする[17]~[21]のいずれか1項に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
[23]前記有機金属配位子と前記遷移金属化合物との反応時間が6時間以上であることを特徴とする[17]~[22]のいずれか1項に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
[24][11]~[16]のいずれか1項に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーからなることを特徴とする有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
[25]膜厚が100nm以上1mm以下であることを特徴とする[24]に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
(1) 複数の有機金属錯体が遷移金属を挟んで長鎖状に連結されたポリマーであって、前記有機金属錯体は、ターピリジン基を有する2つの配位子が、前記ターピリジン基を外側に向けるようにして、Ru-[PPh2]4とアセチレンを有する結合子で連結されており、異なる有機金属錯体のターピリジン基が一の遷移金属と配位結合して連結されていることを特徴とする有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
(2) 前記遷移金属がRu、Fe又はZnのいずれかであることを特徴とする(1)に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
(3) 分子量MWが10.5×104以上29.2×104以下であることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
(5) 前記有機金属錯体に対して1.0当量以上の遷移金属化合物を混合・攪拌することを特徴とする(4)に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
(6) 前記遷移金属化合物がRuCl2、Fe(BF4)2、Zn(NTf2)2のいずれかであることを特徴とする(4)又は(5)に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
(7) 有機金属錯体と遷移金属化合物の混合・攪拌時間が12時間以上であることを特徴とする(4)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
(9) 膜厚が100nm以上1mm以下であることを特徴とする(8)に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー膜。
(10) 前記有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーに含まれる遷移金属がFe又はZnであることを特徴とする(8)又は(9)に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー膜。
(13) 直鎖状であることを特徴とする(11)又は(12)に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
(14) 分岐状であることを特徴とする(11)又は(12)に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
(16) 前記分岐部の含有量が10mol部以上30mol部以下であることを特徴とする(14)又は(15)に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
(19) 前記分岐化合物が1,3,5-Tris[4-(2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridin-4´-yl)phenyl]benzeneであることを特徴とする(18)に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
(20) 前記分岐化合物の混合量が直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーに対して10mol部以上30mol部以下であることを特徴とする(18)又は(19)に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
(22) 前記遷移金属化合物がFe(BF4)2又はZn(NTf2)2であることを特徴とする(17)~(21)のいずれか一項に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
(23) 有機金属配位子と遷移金属化合物の混合・攪拌時間が6時間以上であることを特徴とする(17)~(22)のいずれか一項に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
まず、本発明の第一の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーについて説明する。
図1は、本発明の第一の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの構造式の一例を示す図である。図1中、nは2以上の整数である。
図1に示すように、本発明の第一の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー20は、複数の有機金属錯体10が遷移金属Mを挟んで長鎖状に連結された超分子ポリマーである。遷移金属M1つに対して複数の有機金属錯体10の少なくとも2つの異なる有機金属錯体中のターピリジル基が配位結合することにより、複数の有機金属錯体が遷移金属Mを介して連結されている。図1に示すように、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー20は、有機金属錯体10と、遷移金属Mとを含む単位構造(かっこで囲まれた構造)を有する。
有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー20の分子量MWとしては、10.5×104以上29.2×104以下が好ましい。これにより、安定な膜を形成できる。ここで超分子高分子の分子量とは、ポリマー鎖1本あたりの平均分子量を意味する。分子量はSEC-RALLS-Viscometry法で測定することができる。
図2に示すように、有機金属錯体10は、ターピリジル基を有する2つの配位子11A、11Bが、前記ターピリジル基の1’位の窒素原子を有機金属錯体の分子の末端側に向けるようにして、Ru(dppe)2とエチニレン基とを有する1つの結合子13で連結されている。図2中、配位子は、4-(2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridin-4´-yl)phenyl基である。ここでは、配位子11A、11B中のフェニル基と、結合子13中のエチニレン基が連結されている。
本発明の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー20を酸化することにより、Ru(II)がRu(III)に酸化され、電解質中のアニオンが近接した酸化型有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー20OXとなる。
次に、本発明の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法の一例について説明する。
本発明の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法は、有機金属錯体合成工程S1と、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー合成工程S2と、を有する。
この工程では、有機溶媒中、エチニル基、及びターピリジル基を持つターピリジン化合物とRu(dppe)2を含む化合物とを反応させて、Ru(dppe)2と、末端にターピリジル基とを持つ有機金属錯体を合成する。反応させる方法としては、撹拌・混合が挙げられる。
Ru(dppe)2を含む化合物としては、Ru(dppe)2Cl(OTf)が挙げられる。
有機溶媒としては、塩化メチレンが挙げられる。
添加剤としては、ヘキサフルオロリン酸ナトリウム及びトリエチルアミンが挙げられる。
反応温度としては、10~40℃が好ましい。
反応時間としては2~36時間が好ましい。
反応終了後の後処理としては、カラムクロマトグラフィーを行うことが好ましい。
ここでターピリジン化合物の例としては、4´-(4-ethynylphenyl)-2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridineが挙げられる。
この工程では、有機溶媒中、有機金属錯体と遷移金属化合物とを反応させて、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーを合成する。
有機溶媒としては、エチレングリコール、エタノール、メタノール、クロロホルム、NMP、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシドが挙げられる。
反応温度としては、60~140℃が好ましい。
反応終了後の後処理としては、ろ過と洗浄を行うことが好ましい。
図4は、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー合成工程の化学反応式である。配位子中のターピリジル基が遷移金属Mと錯体を形成することにより、複数の有機金属錯体を遷移金属Mを介して直鎖状に連結させる。
Zn(NTf2)2は、亜鉛ジ[ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド]、(Zinc di[(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)])である。
次に、本発明の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜について説明する。
本発明の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜は、本発明の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーからなる。これにより、エレクトロクロミック反応をさせることが可能な膜とすることができ、光デバイスに応用できる。
膜厚は100nm以上1mm以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは100nm以上400nm以下である。膜厚は100nm以上とすることにより、膜を安定して保持できる。また、膜厚1mm以下とすることにより、電極に接続して用いたときに、電圧操作に対するエレクトロクロミック反応の応答速度を速めることができる。なお、膜厚は断面を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察することで測定することができる。
有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーに含まれる遷移金属がFe又はZnであることが好ましい。これにより、近赤外光のエレクトロクロミック反応をさせることができる。
有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜には、任意成分として対アニオンが含まれていてもよい。対アニオンとしては、塩化物イオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸アニオン、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドアニオン、過塩素酸イオン、酢酸イオンが挙げられる。
有機溶媒としては、メタノール、アセトニトリル、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミドが挙げられる。
本発明の実施形態である有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜は、膜厚が100nm以上1mm以下である構成であってもよい。これにより、膜を安定保持でき、エレクトロクロミック反応の応答速度を速めることができる。
まず、本発明の第二の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜について説明する。
図18A及び18Bは、本発明の第二の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜の一例を示す図である。
本発明の第二の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜1’は、ガラス基板50’の透明導電膜51’上に平面視略矩形状に形成されている。平面視形状はこれに限られるものではなく、また、透明導電膜51’上に形成される態様に限られるものでもない。透明導電膜51’としては、ITO膜等を挙げることができる。
図19に示すように、本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜1’は、本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー5’が網の目状に混合されて形成されている。
有機溶媒としては、メタノール、アセトニトリル、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミドが挙げられる。
次に、本発明の第二の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーについて説明する。
図20は、図19のC部を構成する直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの構造式の一例を示す図である。
図20に示すように、本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー5’は、直鎖状の超分子ポリマーである。具体的には、本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー5’は、有機金属配位子21’が、遷移金属M’を挟んで直鎖状に連結された直鎖部31’のみからなり、概略構成されている。
結合子13’は、ベンゼン環を中心にして、ベンゼン環に結合した2つのエチニレン基を介して2つのRu(dppe)2が連結され、各Ru(dppe)2にそれぞれ他のエチニレン基が連結され、このエチニレン基にフェニル基が連結されてなる。
配位子11’A、11’Bはターピリジル基であり、ターピリジル基の4’位が結合子13’の両端末端のフェニル基のパラ位に連結されてなる。
前記ターピリジル基が遷移金属M’と配位結合して、複数の有機金属配位子21’が連結されている。
図21に示すように、本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー5’は、複数の有機金属poly(Ru2Zn)Xで表記される。Xは有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを構成する直鎖部及び分岐部の合計を100モル%としたときの、直鎖部の割合(モル%)を意味する。図21においては、有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーが直鎖状であるため、X=100である。すなわち、poly(Ru2Zn)100である。図21中、nは2以上の自然数である。図21に示すように、直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー5’は、直鎖部に由来する単位構造、すなわち、有機金属配位子21’と、遷移金属M’とを含む単位構造(かっこで囲まれた構造)を有する。
次に、本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法について説明する。
図22は、二核有機金属部位合成の化学反応式である。
まず、ジエチニルベンゼンとRu(dppe)2Cl(OTf)とを、有機溶媒中、反応させる。
有機溶媒としては、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、クロロベンゼンが挙げられる。なかでも塩化メチレン、クロロホルムが好ましい。
反応温度としては、室温~80℃が好ましく、より好ましくは室温~40℃である。
反応時間としては、24~72時間が好ましく、より好ましくは24~48時間である。
次に、沈殿物をろ過により回収し、有機溶媒(例えば、冷やした塩化メチレン)で洗浄後、乾燥させて、Ru(II)(dppe)2=C=CH-C6H4-HC=C=Ru(II)(dppe)2Cl2の塩である[ClRu(II)(dppe)2=C=CH-Ph-CH=C=(dppe)2Ru(II)Cl](OTf)2を得る。これが、二核有機金属部位である。
図23は、有機金属配位子合成の化学反応式である。
有機溶媒中、エチニル基、及びターピリジル基を持つターピリジン化合物と、[ClRu(II)(dppe)2=C=CH-Ph-CH=C=(dppe)2Ru(II)Cl](OTf)2とを、塩基と無機塩の存在下、窒素雰囲気下で反応させる。
ここでターピリジン化合物の例としては、4´-(4-ethynylphenyl)-2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridineが挙げられる。
有機溶媒としては、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、クロロベンゼンが挙げられる。なかでも塩化メチレン、クロロホルムが好ましい。
塩基としては、トリエチルアミン、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリヘキシルアミン、ジメチルアニリンが挙げられる。なかでも、トリエチルアミンが好ましい。
無機塩としては、ヘキサフルオロリン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム、ヘキサフルオロリン酸アンモニウム、テトラフルオロホウ酸ナトリウム、過塩素酸ナトリウム、過塩素酸アンモニウムが挙げられる。なかでもヘキサフルオロリン酸ナトリウムが好ましい。
反応時間は、1~14日であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5~9日である。
反応温度は、10~60℃が好ましく、より好ましくは室温~40℃である。
次に、反応溶液に貧溶媒を加え、沈殿を析出させた後、ろ過を行い、固体を貧溶媒で洗浄することで、末端にターピリジル基を有し、2つのRu(dppe)2を有する有機金属配位子(L-Ru(II)2-L)を合成する。
貧溶媒としては、ジエチルエーテル、アセトンが挙げられる。なかでもジエチルエーテルが好ましい。
図24は、直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー合成の化学反応式である。
この工程では、有機溶媒中、有機金属配位子(L-Ru(II)2-L)と遷移金属化合物(例えば、Zn(NTf2)2)を反応させて、直鎖部のみからなる直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー(poly(Ru2Zn)X、X=100)を合成する。
図24中、重合度(nの数)は、有機金属配位子に対して加える遷移金属化合物のモル当量数を変えることにより調節することができる。すなわち、前記有機金属配位子に対して1.0モル当量の遷移金属化合物を反応させた場合には、重合度(n)が大きくなり、反応させる遷移金属化合物のモル当量が大きくなるにつれ、重合度(n)は小さくなる。
Zn(NTf2)2は、亜鉛ジ[ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド]、(Zinc di[(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)])である。
また、前記遷移金属化合物として、Fe(BF4)2、Fe(OAc)2、FeCl2も用いることができる。これにより、Feを有するポリマーを合成できる。
有機溶媒としては、NMP、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、クロロベンゼン、プロピレンカーボネートが好ましく、なかでもNMP、ジメチルホルムアミドがより好ましい。
反応温度は80~160℃が好ましく、100~120℃がより好ましい。
反応終了後の後処理としては、貧溶媒中に沈殿させ、ろ過した後、貧溶媒で洗浄を行うことが好ましい。
貧溶媒としては、ジエチルエーテル、アセトン、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、水が挙げられる。なかでもジエチルエーテル、クロロホルム、水が好ましい。
次に、本発明の実施形態である分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜について説明する。
図25に示すように、本発明の実施形態である分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜2’は、本発明の実施形態である分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー6’が網の目状に混合されて形成されている構成としてもよい。
分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー6’は、直鎖部を2以上の別の直鎖部と連結し、3方向以上に分岐する分岐部41’を有しており、網の目構造をより強固に形成できる。これにより、耐熱性が向上し、膜の安定性が高められる。
有機溶媒としては、加熱したジメチルスルホキシド、加熱したジメチルホルムアミド、加熱したクロロベンゼンが挙げられる。
次に、本発明の実施形態である分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーについて説明する。
図26は、図25のD部を構成する分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの構造式の一例を示す図である。
図26に示すように、本発明の実施形態である分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー6’は、分岐状の超分子ポリマーである。具体的には、本発明の実施形態である分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー6’は、有機金属配位子21’が、遷移金属M’を挟んで直鎖状に連結された直鎖部31’だけでなく、直鎖部31’を2つの別の直鎖部(31’)、(31’)と連結する分岐部41’を有して、概略構成されている。
分岐部41’は、分岐子(トリフェニルベンゼン)15’に配位子11’Cが連結されてなり、分岐子を中心に3方向以上に分岐した構造を有し、分岐した末端に配位子を有する。これにより、直鎖部を2以上の別の直鎖部と連結し、3方向以上に分岐した有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーにすることができる。
図27に示すように、本発明の実施形態である分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー6’は、poly(Ru2Zn)Xで表記され、Xは、70≦X<100である。図27中、n、mは2以上の自然数である。nは直鎖状の部分であり、mは分岐状の部分である。従って、X、n、mは、X = 100n /(n+m)と関連付けられる。
例えば、poly(Ru2Zn)90、poly(Ru2Zn)80、poly(Ru2Zn)70等である。図27に示すように、分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー6’は、直鎖部由来の単位構造(即ち、有機金属配位子21’と、遷移金属M’とを含む単位構造)と、分岐部由来の単位構造とを有する。
次に、本発明の実施形態である分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法について説明する。
本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法に記載の二核有機金属部位合成工程S1と同様にして、二核有機金属部位の合成を行う。
本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法に記載の有機金属配位子合成工程S2と同様にして、有機金属配位子の合成を行う。
本発明の実施形態である直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法の直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー合成工程S3と同様にして、直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成を行う。
図28は、分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー合成工程の化学反応式である。
この工程では、有機溶媒(例えばNMP)中、直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー5’と、遷移金属化合物(例えばZn(NTf2)2)と、3方向で連結可能な分岐化合物(例えば、1,3,5-Tris[4-(2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridin-4´-yl)phenyl]benzene)とを反応させて、分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを合成する。
また、前記遷移金属化合物として、Fe(BF4)2、Fe(OAc)2、FeCl2も用いることができる。これにより、分岐部分においてFeを有するポリマーを合成できる。
有機溶媒としては、例えば、NMP:N-Methyl-pyrrolidone、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、クロロベンゼン、プロピレンカーボネートが挙げられる。なかでもNMP、ジメチルホルムアミドが好ましい。
反応温度は80~150℃が好ましく、より好ましくは100~120℃である。
分岐子としては、トリフェニルベンゼン以外にトリフェニルメタンを用いることができる。また、4方向以上の分岐化合物であるテトラフェニルメタンを用いてもよい。
まず、エチニル基、及びターピリジル基を持つターピリジン化合物(4´-(4-ethynylphenyl)-2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridine)(100mg)と、Ru(dppe)2Cl(OTf)(153.6mg)を、ヘキサフルオロリン酸ナトリウム(126mg)及びトリエチルアミン(110μL)存在下、塩化メチレン(20mL)中、室温で24時間撹拌し、反応終了後、ろ過し、ろ液を濃縮した後、得られた固体をジエチルエーテルで洗浄し、その後、アルミナのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製して、末端にターピリジル基を持つ有機金属錯体10を合成した(283mg、収率55.5%)。
次に、1H-、13C-NMR、MSスペクトル測定を行い、有機金属錯体10の構造を確認した。
図5、6に示すように、有機金属錯体10にFe(BF4)2を加えると、605nm付近に特徴的な金属-配位子電荷移動(MLCT)吸収が現れ、添加量を増すに従い、吸光度は増加し、1.0当量以上では吸光度は一定となった。
紫外可視吸収スペクトルにおける滴定試験結果は、有機金属錯体10が、1.0当量の遷移金属と錯形成して、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー(polyRuFe)となることを示した。
得られたpolyRuFeは、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトニトリル、塩化メチレンに溶解した。
有機金属錯体10のエチレングリコール溶液に1.0モル当量のRuCl2を加えて、120℃で、24時間、撹拌した他は実施例1と同様にして、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー(polyRuRu)を収率92%で得た。
得られたpolyRuRuは、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトニトリル、塩化メチレンに溶解した。
有機金属錯体10のNMP(N-Methyl-pyrrolidone)溶液に1.0モル当量のZn(NTf2)2を加えて、100℃で、24時間、撹拌した他は実施例1と同様にして、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー(polyRuZn)を収率92%で得た。
polyRuZnは、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミドに溶解したが、アセトニトリルや塩化メチレンには不溶であった。
polyRuZnの構造は、1H-NMRスペクトルにより確認した。
図7は、クロロホルム中の有機金属錯体10(ここではRu(II)-Mと表す)の1H-NMRスペクトルと、ジメチルスルホキシド中のpolyRuZnの1H-NMRスペクトルを比較した図である。
ターピリジル基の6,6”位のプロトンの高磁場シフトとターピリジンのそれ以外のプロトンの低磁場シフトからZnとターピリジンが錯形成したことが分かり、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーが合成されたことが分かった。
各ポリマーの分子量は、SEC-RALLS-Viscometry法により算出した。
図8は、SEC-RALLS-Viscometryの測定結果である。
各ポリマーの分子量MWは、polyRuRuが10.5×104、polyRuFeが24.3×104、polyRuZnが29.2×104であった。
各有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー溶液を調製し、サイクリックボルタモメトリー(Cyclic voltammetry:CV)測定、及び微分パルスボルタンメトリー(Differential pulse voltammetry:DPV)測定を行った。
測定条件は、0.1Mの過塩素酸テトラブチルアンモニウム(TBAP)のジメチルホルムアミド溶液中、作用電極:Ptメッシュ(mesh)電極、カウンター電極:Pt wire電極、参照電極:Ag/Ag+とした。溶液は、測定前に窒素飽和させた。スキャン速度は100mVs-1とした。
各ポリマーは0.25V付近に有機金属錯体10中のRuの可逆的な酸化還元波を示した。また、polyRuRuは0.72Vにターピリジン部位と錯形成しているRuの可逆的な酸化還元波を示した。同様に、polyRuFeは0.70Vにターピリジン部位と錯形成しているFeの可逆的な酸化還元波を示した。
図10Aは、polyRuRuの溶液状態の紫外/可視/近赤外吸収スペクトルの印加電圧依存性を示すグラフである。図10Bは、polyRuFeの溶液状態の紫外/可視/近赤外吸収スペクトルの印加電圧依存性を示すグラフである。図10Cは、polyRuZnの溶液状態の紫外/可視/近赤外吸収スペクトルの印加電圧依存性を示すグラフである。
次に、2.5mgの有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー(polyRuRu)のジメチルホルムアミド溶液を調製し、これを用いて、溶媒キャスト法により、ITOガラス上に有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー(polyRuRu)薄膜を成膜した。膜厚は25μmとした。
次に、ITO膜(透明電極膜)に配線を接続して、polyRuRu作用電極を作製した。
図11は、作用電極の一例を示す斜視図である。
測定条件は、0.1Mの過塩素酸テトラブチルアンモニウム(TBAP)のアセトニトリル溶液中、作用電極:ITOガラス+有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー薄膜、カウンター電極:ITOガラス、参照電極:Ag/Ag+とした。
スキャン速度は10、20、50、100、200、300、400、500、600、800、1000、1200、1500mVs-1とした。速度を上げるに従い、流れる電流値は大きくなった。
図13は、polyRuZnのフィルム状態での電気分光測定結果を示すグラフであり、電圧の印加前後の吸光度(Abs)の変化を示すものである。0V及び0.01Vでは、350nm付近の吸収と、510nm付近の吸収を有するが、1147nm付近にはほとんど吸収が現れなかった。一方、0.5Vを印加したとき、510nmの吸収が低下し、1147nmの吸収が増加した。0Vと0.5V印加時の近赤外領域の透過率の変化ΔTは60%以上となった。
次に、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー(polyRuZn)に、5秒間隔で0.5Vと0.01Vを交互に印加することを繰り返して、1147nmの光吸収の変化を観測した。
図15Aは、フィルム状態のpolyRuZnの電圧オンオフに伴う物性値の変化を示すグラフであって、電圧オンオフに伴う電流値の変化である。図15Bは、1147nmの波長の光透過率の変化である。電流値に対応して透過率が変化した。電流値の変化と、1147nmの波長の光透過率の変化は再現性高く対応した。
Ru(II)(dppe)2=C=CH-C6H4-HC=C=Ru(dppe)2Cl2の塩である[ClRu(dppe)2=C=CH-C6H4-HC=C=(dppe)2RuCl](OTf)2(二核有機金属部位)は下記の既報に従い合成した。
Benameur, A.; Brignou, P.; Di Piazza, E.; Hervault, Y.-M.; Norel, L.; Rigaut, S., New J. Chem. 2011, 35 (10), 2105-2113.
1H-、31P-NMR、high-resolution mass スペクトル(HRMS)測定を行い、有機金属配位子(L-Ru(II)2-L)の構造を確認した。
得られたpoly(Ru2Zn)100は、ジメチルホルムアミドやジメチルスルホキシドに溶解した。
膜厚は25μmとした。
次に、poly(Ru2Zn)100を構成する直鎖部の合計100mol部に対して10mol部となるように前もって調製しておいた3D-MのNMP溶液を、暗赤色の固体からなる直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー(poly(Ru2Zn)100)に加えた。
次に、3D-Mと当モル量のZn(NTf2)2を混合して、約120℃で還流させながら、18時間、撹拌して、ジエチルエーテル中で沈殿させ、クロロホルム、水、ジエチルエーテルで洗浄後、乾燥して、暗赤色の固体からなる分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー(poly(Ru2Zn)90)を収率85%で得た。
得られたpoly(Ru2Zn)90は、加熱したジメチルスルホキシドに溶解したが。室温のジメチルホルムアミドやジメチルスルホキシドには不溶であった。3Dネットワーク構造により、耐熱性が向上したと推察した。
膜厚は25μmとした。
次に、poly(Ru2Zn)100を構成する直鎖部の合計100mol部に対して20mol部となるように前もって調製しておいた3D-MのNMP溶液を、暗赤色の固体からなる直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー(poly(Ru2Zn)100)に加えた。
次に、3D-Mと当量のZn(NTf2)2を混合して、約120℃で還流させながら、18時間、撹拌して、ジエチルエーテル中で沈殿させ、クロロホルム、水、ジエチルエーテルで洗浄後、乾燥して、暗赤色の固体からなる分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー(poly(Ru2Zn)80)を収率80%で得た。
得られたpoly(Ru2Zn)80は、加熱したジメチルスルホキシドに溶解したが。室温のジメチルホルムアミドやジメチルスルホキシドには不溶であった。3Dネットワーク構造により、耐熱性が向上したと推察した。
膜厚は25μmとした。
次に、poly(Ru2Zn)100を構成する直鎖部の合計100mol部に対して30mol部となるように前もって調製しておいた3D-MのNMP溶液を、暗赤色の固体からなる直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー(poly(Ru2Zn)100)に加えた。
次に、3D-Mと当量のZn(NTf2)2を混合して、約120℃で還流させながら、18時間、撹拌して、ジエチルエーテル中で沈殿させ、クロロホルム、水、ジエチルエーテルで洗浄後、乾燥して、暗赤色の固体からなる分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー(poly(Ru2Zn)70)を81%という高収率で得た。
得られたpoly(Ru2Zn)70は、加熱したジメチルスルホキシドに溶解したが。室温のジメチルホルムアミドやジメチルスルホキシドには不溶であった。3Dネットワーク構造により、耐熱性が向上したと推察した。
膜厚は25μmとした。
次に、TGA測定した。
図29は、poly(Ru2Zn)100、poly(Ru2Zn)90、poly(Ru2Zn)80及びpoly(Ru2Zn)70のTGA測定結果を示すグラフである。
いずれの試料も加熱すると質量が減少した。
Td10は、質量が10%減少した時点の加熱温度である。
poly(Ru2Zn)100のTd10が321.5℃であり、最も低かった。
Znの割合を増加するに従い、Td10は高くなり、poly(Ru2Zn)70のTd10が372.4℃であり、最も高かった。
次に、スライドガラス上に形成した各有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜の表面をAFM観察した。
図30Aは、poly(Ru2Zn)100膜のAFM像であり、図30Bはpoly(Ru2Zn)90膜のAFM像であり、図30Cはpoly(Ru2Zn)80膜のAFM像であり、図30Dはpoly(Ru2Zn)70膜のAFM像である。
poly(Ru2Zn)100膜は多孔質膜であった。root-mean square粗さRrmsは1.1nmと小さかった。
poly(Ru2Zn)90膜~poly(Ru2Zn)70膜は、poly(Ru2Zn)100膜と全く異なり、粗い膜であった。
poly(Ru2Zn)90膜のRrmsは1.3nm、poly(Ru2Zn)80膜のRrmsは1.4nm、poly(Ru2Zn)70膜のRrmsは4.3nmとなった。poly(Ru2Zn)70膜が最も多孔性の膜であった。
次に、ITOガラス上に形成した各有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜のサイクリックボルタモメトリー(Cyclic voltammetry:CV)測定を行った。
測定条件は、0.1MのLiClO4のCH3CN溶液中、作用電極:poly(Ru2Zn)70/ITO電極、カウンター電極:ITO電極、参照電極:Ag/Ag+とした。溶液は、測定前に窒素飽和させた。スキャン速度は20mVs-1とした。
21mVと255mVにリバーシブルなピークが見られた。これらは、Ru-アセチリド錯体の中のRu(II)/(III)間の酸化還元によるものである。
スキャン速度10、20、50、100、300、400、500、600、800、1000、1200、1500mVs-1とした場合である。
スキャン速度を増加するに従い、ピーク電流値が増加した。
First oxidize current、Second oxidize current、First reduced current、Second reduced currentの各電流値はスキャン速度の1/2乗と1次線形関係で得られた。スキャン速度のルート・スクエアR2は、0.99791、0.99717、0.99926、0.99839であった。
一方、他のポリマーの膜は電気化学特性を示さなかった。LiClO4のような電解質を含む電解液中では容易に溶解してしまったためである。
次に、poly(Ru2Zn)100膜の電気分光測定を行った。
図34は、poly(Ru2Zn)100膜の電気分光測定結果を示すグラフであり、電圧印加の前後の紫外/可視/近赤外吸収スペクトルの変化を示すものである。0.50Vでは、1174nm付近の吸収を有するが、1844nm付近にはほとんど吸収が現れなかった。一方、0.05V及び-0.50Vを印加したとき、1174nmの吸収が低下し、1844nmの吸収がわずかに増加した。
図35は、poly(Ru2Zn)90膜の電気分光測定結果を示すグラフであり、電圧印加の前後の紫外/可視/近赤外吸収スペクトルの変化を示すものである。0.50Vでは、1174nm付近の吸収を有するが、1844nm付近にはほとんど吸収が現れなかった。一方、0.05Vを印加したとき、1174nmの吸収が低下し、1844nmの吸収がわずかに立ち上がった。-0.50Vを印加したとき、1174nmの吸収が大きく低下し、1844nmの吸収が大きく増加した。
図36は、poly(Ru2Zn)70膜の電気分光測定結果を示すグラフであり、電圧印加の前後での紫外/可視/近赤外吸収スペクトルの変化を示すものである。0.40Vでは、1174nm付近の吸収を有するが、1844nm付近にはほとんど吸収が現れなかった。一方、0.05Vを印加したとき、1174nmの吸収が低下し、1844nmの吸収がわずかに増加した。-0.20Vを印加したとき、1174nmの吸収が大きく低下し、1844nmの吸収が大きく増加した。
次に、分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー(poly(Ru2Zn)70)の膜に、5秒間隔、10秒間隔、15秒間隔、20秒間隔、で0.05Vと0.4Vを交互に印加することを繰り返して、1844nmの光透過率の変化を観測した。
図37は、poly(Ru2Zn)70膜の電圧オンオフに伴う1844nmの光透過率変化の印加電圧依存性を示すグラフである。
図38は、poly(Ru2Zn)70膜の電圧オンオフに伴う1844nmの光透過率変化の繰り返し特性を示すグラフである。
着色効率η=337(cm2/C)、ΔT>60%となった。
なお、着色効率ηは次式(1)で規定される。着色効率ηは、どれだけの面積の吸光度を変えられるかを示す指数である。ここで、ΔODは、光学密度の変化であり、Qdは、注入/排出電子の変化である。Tbは(81.5)であり、Tcは(19.5)である。
図39は、poly(Ru2Zn)70膜の電圧オンオフに伴う1174nmの光透過率変化の印加電圧依存性を示すグラフである。
図40は、poly(Ru2Zn)70膜の電圧オンオフに伴う1174nmの光透過率変化の繰り返し特性を示すグラフである。
着色効率η=272(cm2/C)、ΔT>70%となった。
以上のように、光透過率の変化は高速で、再現性が高かった。
図42は、poly(Ru2Zn)70膜の1174nmの光吸収の変化の電圧オンオフに伴う電流値の変化を示すグラフである。
Claims (25)
- 複数の有機金属錯体と、複数の遷移金属からなる有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーであって、
前記複数の有機金属錯体が前記複数の遷移金属の各遷移金属を挟んで長鎖状に連結されており、
前記有機金属錯体は、ターピリジル基を有する2つの配位子が、前記ターピリジル基の1’位の窒素原子を前記有機金属錯体の分子の末端側に向けるようにして、Ru(dppe)2と2つのエチニレン基とを有する1つの結合子で連結されており、
前記遷移金属1つに対して、前記複数の有機金属錯体の少なくとも2つの異なる前記有機金属錯体のターピリジル基が配位結合することにより、前記複数の有機金属錯体が前記複数の遷移金属を交互に挟んで連結されていることを特徴とする有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。 - 前記遷移金属がRu、Fe又はZnのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
- 分子量MWが10.5×104以上29.2×104以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
- 有機溶媒中、エチニル基とターピリジル基とを持つターピリジン化合物と、Ru(dppe)2を含む化合物とを反応させて、Ru(dppe)2を有し、かつ末端にターピリジル基を持つ有機金属錯体を合成する工程と、
有機溶媒中、前記有機金属錯体と遷移金属化合物を反応させて、有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーを合成する工程と、を有することを特徴とする有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。 - 前記有機金属錯体に対して1.0モル当量以上の遷移金属化合物を反応させることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
- 前記遷移金属化合物がRuCl2、Fe(BF4)2、又はZn(NTf2)2のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
- 前記有機金属錯体と前記遷移金属化合物との反応時間が12時間以上であることを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーからなることを特徴とする有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
- 膜厚が100nm以上1mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
- 前記有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーに含まれる遷移金属がFe又はZnのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の有機/ヘテロ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
- 複数の有機金属配位子と、複数の遷移金属とを含む有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーであって、
前記複数の有機金属配位子が前記複数の遷移金属の各遷移金属を挟んで直鎖状に連結された直鎖部を有し、
前記有機金属配位子は1つの結合子に対し2つの配位子が連結されてなり、
前記結合子はベンゼン環を中心にしてベンゼン環に結合した2つのエチニレン基を介して2つのRu(dppe)2が連結され、前記2つのRu(dppe)2に他の2つのエチニレン基を介して2つのフェニル基が連結されてなり、
前記配位子はターピリジル基であり、前記結合子の前記2つのフェニル基にそれぞれ連結されてなり、
前記遷移金属1つに対して、前記複数の有機金属配位子の少なくとも2つの異なる前記有機金属配位子の前記ターピリジル基が配位結合することにより、前記複数の有機金属配位子が、前記複数の遷移金属を交互に挟んで連結されていることを特徴とする有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。 - 前記遷移金属がFe、Zn、Co又はRuであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
- 直鎖状であることを特徴とする請求項11又は12に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
- 分岐状であることを特徴とする請求項11又は12に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
- 1,3,5-Tris[4-(2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridin-4´-yl)phenyl]benzeneからなる分岐部を有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
- 前記分岐部の含有量が、有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを構成する直鎖部及び分岐部の合計モル数に対し、10mol部以上30mol部以下であることを特徴とする請求項14又は15に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマー。
- 有機溶媒中、1モル当量のジエチニルベンゼンと2モル当量のRu(dppe)2Cl(OTf)を反応させて、2つのRu(dppe)2を含む二核有機金属部位を合成する工程と、
有機溶媒中、エチニル基及びターピリジル基を持つ2モル当量のターピリジン化合物と1モル当量の二核有機金属部位を反応させて、末端にターピリジル基を有し、2つのRu(dppe)2を有する有機金属配位子を合成する工程と、
有機溶媒中、前記有機金属配位子と遷移金属化合物を反応させて、直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを合成する工程と、を有することを特徴とする有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。 - 前記直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーと、分岐子を中心に3方向以上に分岐され、分岐した分子の末端に配位子を有する分岐化合物と、遷移金属化合物とを反応させて、分岐状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを合成することを特徴とする請求項17に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
- 前記分岐化合物が1,3,5-Tris[4-(2,2´:6´,2´´-terpyridin-4´-yl)phenyl]benzeneであることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
- 前記分岐化合物の混合量が直鎖状の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーを構成する直鎖部の合計100mol部に対して10mol部以上30mol部以下であることを特徴とする請求項18又は19に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
- 前記有機金属配位子に対して1.0モル当量以上の遷移金属化合物を反応させることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
- 前記遷移金属化合物がFe(BF4)2又はZn(NTf2)2であることを特徴とする請求項17~21のいずれか1項に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
- 前記有機金属配位子と前記遷移金属化合物との反応時間が6時間以上であることを特徴とする請求項17~22のいずれか1項に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの合成方法。
- 請求項11~16のいずれか1項に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーからなることを特徴とする有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
- 膜厚が100nm以上1mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項24に記載の有機/マルチ金属ハイブリットポリマーの膜。
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