WO2015161737A1 - 一种缓存数据的方法及转发设备 - Google Patents

一种缓存数据的方法及转发设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015161737A1
WO2015161737A1 PCT/CN2015/075788 CN2015075788W WO2015161737A1 WO 2015161737 A1 WO2015161737 A1 WO 2015161737A1 CN 2015075788 W CN2015075788 W CN 2015075788W WO 2015161737 A1 WO2015161737 A1 WO 2015161737A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
content
forwarding device
gain
forwarding
delivery path
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PCT/CN2015/075788
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘树成
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP15783882.2A priority Critical patent/EP3136664B1/en
Publication of WO2015161737A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015161737A1/zh
Priority to US15/331,480 priority patent/US10320931B2/en
Priority to US16/396,358 priority patent/US10728357B2/en
Priority to US16/928,540 priority patent/US11310329B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H04L67/5682—Policies or rules for updating, deleting or replacing the stored data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communication technologies, and in particular, to a method for buffering data and a forwarding device.
  • the router in the content center network (English name is content-centric network, abbreviated as CCN) is configured with a cache function, which can quickly respond to requests from user equipment to save CCN bandwidth.
  • the user equipment sends a request to the router on the content delivery path (English name is content delivery path)
  • the content delivery path is a message transmission path between the user equipment and the server
  • the content delivery path includes at least one router
  • the server provides the The content corresponding to the request, the name of the content carried in the request.
  • the router includes a content store for storing content (in English, the content store is abbreviated as CS).
  • the router may send the content cached in the CS to the user equipment according to the name of the content, if it is determined that the content is cached in the CS. If it is determined that the content is not cached in the CS, it is queried whether there is an entry corresponding to the name of the content in the saved pending interest table (English full name is pending interest table, abbreviated as PIT). If there is an entry corresponding to the name of the content in the PIT, the interface that receives the request is added to the PIT. If there is no entry corresponding to the name of the content in the PIT, the entry corresponding to the name of the content is added to the PIT table and the content is requested from the server.
  • the router can cache the content from the server according to the cache placement strategy (English name is cache placement strategy).
  • the cache policy on the path is mainly based on the popularity of the content (English name is popularity) to determine the cache location of the content, the popularity of the content can be preset The number of times the content is requested in the time indicates that the request is a request for the same content, and the cache location of the content is a router that caches the content.
  • the local popularity based caching (English name is local popularity based caching) is the most popular content of the router cache.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for buffering data and a forwarding device, which can determine the cache location of the content according to the popularity of the content and the impact of the cached content on the network bandwidth, thereby contributing to saving network bandwidth.
  • a method of caching data comprising:
  • the first data forwarding device on the first content delivery path receives the first data packet from the server, where the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment and the server, and the first content submission
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the path is k, the i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k, and the first data packet includes a cache gain, a first content, and an identifier of the first content, where the cache The gain is the maximum of the local cache gains of all the forwarding devices on the first content delivery path, and the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content;
  • the ith forwarding device determines whether the cache gain in the first data packet matches the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, and the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content is based on the first parameter And generating, by the popularity of the first content, the first parameter is used to identify a bandwidth consumed by the first forwarding device and the server to transmit the first content;
  • the ith forwarding device determines that the cache gain in the first data packet matches the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, the ith forwarding device caches the first data packet.
  • the first content is the cache gain in the first data packet.
  • the method further includes:
  • the ith forwarding device determines that the cache gain in the first data packet does not match the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, the ith forwarding device passes the first content delivery path. Sending the first data packet to the device requesting the first content, where the device requesting the first content is a device that sends a first request message to the ith forwarding device, the first request The message is used to request the server to provide the first content.
  • a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect is further provided, before the ith forwarding device receives the first data packet from the server, The method further includes:
  • the ith forwarding device receives the first request packet, where the first request packet is used to request the service Providing the first content, the first request message includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content, and a cache gain in the first request message is the first content delivery path a maximum value of a local cache gain of all forwarding devices on a path from the first user equipment to the (i-1)th forwarding device, where the (i-1)th forwarding device is in a direction along the first user equipment to the server a forwarding hop of the i forwarding device on the first content delivery path, a local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user device to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path, and the Corresponding to the identifier of the first content;
  • the ith forwarding device obtains a second request packet, where the second request packet includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content, and a cache gain in the second request packet is the first content submission.
  • a maximum value of a local cache gain of all the forwarding devices on the path from the first user equipment to the ith forwarding device, and a path from the first user equipment to the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path The local cache gain of all forwarding devices corresponds to the identifier of the first content;
  • the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect is further provided, after the sending the second request packet to the next hop, the method further includes :
  • the ith forwarding device receives a third request packet from the jth forwarding device, where the third request packet is used to request the server to provide the first content, where the third request packet includes a cache gain and The identifier of the first content, the jth forwarding device is a previous hop of the ith forwarding device in the direction of the second user device to the server in the second content delivery path, the second content delivery path
  • the buffering gain in the third request packet is the second user equipment on the second content delivery path to the th-th forwarding in the packet transmission path between the second user equipment and the server
  • the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect is further provided, after the buffering the first data packet includes the first content, The method also includes:
  • the ith forwarding device acquires the second data packet, and the second data packet includes the third data packet a cache gain in the request message, the first content, and an identifier of the first content;
  • the method further includes:
  • the ith forwarding device calculates a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content
  • the ith forwarding device acquires a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, and the controller is configured to calculate, for the ith forwarding device, a local cache corresponding to the identifier of the first content. Gain.
  • a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect is further provided, where the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content is a gain of the first content and a weight of the first content.
  • the product, the gain of the first content is a product of the first parameter, the weight of the first parameter, the popularity of the first content, and the weight of the popularity of the first content.
  • the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect is further provided, where the storage space occupied by the cached content of the ith forwarding device reaches a predetermined threshold, the first The local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the content is a difference between a gain of the first content and a weight of the first content minus a product of a gain of the second content and a weight of the second content,
  • the gain of the first content is a product of the first parameter, the weight of the first parameter, the popularity of the first content, and the weight of the popularity of the first content
  • the gain of the second content is The product of the second parameter, the weight of the second parameter, the popularity of the second content, and the weight of the popularity of the second content, the second parameter is used to identify the ith forwarding device
  • the bandwidth consumed by the second content is transmitted between the server providing the second content.
  • the buffering the first data packet includes the first content, including:
  • the ith forwarding device determines that the storage space occupied by the cached content reaches a predetermined threshold, and selects a content set that matches the size of the first content from the cached content;
  • a forwarding device where the forwarding device is located in a first content delivery path,
  • the first content delivery path is a packet transmission path between the first user equipment and the server, the number of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is k, and the forwarding device is an ith forwarding device, and the i
  • the forwarding device includes:
  • a second storage unit configured to store a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content
  • a first receiving unit configured to receive a first data packet from the server, where the first data packet includes a cache gain, a first content, and an identifier of the first content, where the first data packet is in the first data packet
  • the cache gain is the maximum value of the local cache gains of all the forwarding devices on the first content delivery path
  • the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content is calculated according to the first parameter and the popularity of the first content.
  • the first parameter is used to identify a bandwidth consumed by the first forwarding device and the server to transmit the first content, a local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path, and the Corresponding to the identifier of the first content;
  • a first control unit configured to determine whether a cache gain in the first data packet matches a local cache gain corresponding to an identifier of the first content stored in the second storage unit;
  • a first storage unit configured to: when the first control unit determines that a cache gain in the first data packet matches a local cache gain corresponding to an identifier of the first content stored in the second storage unit Caching the first content in the first data packet.
  • the forwarding device further includes:
  • a first sending unit configured to: when the first control unit determines that a cache gain in the first data packet does not match a local cache gain corresponding to an identifier of the first content stored in the second storage unit Transmitting, by the first content delivery path, the first data packet to the device requesting the first content, where the device requesting the first content sends the first message to the ith forwarding device A device requesting a message, where the first request message is used to request the server to provide the first content.
  • the forwarding device further includes:
  • a second receiving unit configured to receive a first request message, where the first request message is used to request the server to provide the first content, where the first request message includes a cache gain and the first content
  • the identifier of the first request message is a maximum value of a local cache gain of all forwarding devices on a path of the first user equipment to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path,
  • the i-th forwarding device is a previous hop of the ith forwarding device in the direction of the first user device to the server in the first content delivery path, where the first content delivery path is Description
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path from the first user equipment to the (i-1)th forwarding device corresponds to the identifier of the first content;
  • a first obtaining unit configured to obtain a second request message, where the second request message includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content, where a cache gain in the second request message is the first content a maximum value of a local cache gain of all the forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment to the ith forwarding device on the path, the first user equipment to the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path corresponds to the identifier of the first content
  • a second sending unit configured to send the second request packet to the next hop along the first content delivery path, where the next hop is in a direction of the first user equipment to the server The next hop of the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the forwarding device further includes:
  • a third receiving unit configured to receive a third request message from the jth forwarding device, where the third request message is used to request the server to provide the first content, and the third request message includes a buffer gain And the identifier of the first content, the jth forwarding device is a previous hop of the ith forwarding device in the direction of the second user device to the server, where the second content is delivered.
  • the path is a packet transmission path between the second user equipment and the server, and the buffer gain in the third request packet is the second user equipment on the second content delivery path to the jth
  • a second control unit configured to store, in the second storage unit, a cache gain in the third request message and a parameter that identifies the jth forwarding device.
  • the forwarding device further includes:
  • a second acquiring unit configured to acquire a second data packet when the buffer gain in the third request packet stored by the second storage unit is greater than a buffer gain in the first data packet,
  • the second data packet includes a cache gain, a first content, and an identifier of the first content in the third request packet;
  • a third sending unit configured to forward the jth according to the identifier stored by the second storage unit And sending, by the parameter of the device, the second data packet to the jth forwarding device.
  • a controller communicating with each of the first user equipment, the server, and each forwarding device on the first content delivery path, the first content delivery path being between the first user equipment and the server
  • the message transmission path the controller includes:
  • a first calculating unit configured to calculate, for each forwarding device on the first content delivery path, a local cache gain of the first content, where the i-th forwarding device is any one of the forwarding devices on the first content delivery path,
  • the local cache gain of the first content of the ith forwarding device is generated according to the first parameter and the popularity of the first content, where the first parameter is used to identify the ith forwarding device and the server The bandwidth consumed by transmitting the first content;
  • a first acquiring unit configured to acquire a first buffer gain, where the first buffer gain is a maximum value of local buffer gains of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path, and all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path
  • the local cache gain corresponds to the identifier of the first content
  • the first sending unit is configured to periodically send the first buffer gain to the server, and periodically send the local cache gain of the first content to the ith forwarding device.
  • the controller further includes:
  • a second calculating unit configured to calculate a local cache gain of the first content for each forwarding device on the second content delivery path, where the second content delivery path is a packet transmission path between the second user equipment and the server a path between the second content delivery path and the first content delivery path is a path between the ith forwarding device and the server;
  • a second acquiring unit configured to acquire a second buffer gain, where the second buffer gain is a local buffer gain of all forwarding devices on a path of the second user equipment to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path a maximum value, a local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path from the second user equipment to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path, corresponding to the identifier of the first content, where the jth forwarding device is along
  • the direction of the second user equipment to the server is that the ith forwarding device is in the last hop of the second content delivery path;
  • a second sending unit configured to periodically send the second buffer gain to the ith forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device on the content delivery path caches the first in the first data packet when the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content matches the buffer gain in the received first data packet.
  • content The first content in the first data packet is cached on the forwarding device of the largest local cache gain corresponding to the first content on the first content delivery path, such as the ith forwarding device, by using the cache gain in the first data packet. Having implemented the web based on the popularity of the content and the cached content The effect of the bandwidth determines the cache location of the content.
  • the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content on the i-th forwarding device is the maximum value of the local cache gains of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path, and the calculation of the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content considers the i-th
  • the bandwidth factor between the forwarding device and the server helps to further save network bandwidth when the ith forwarding device caches the first content.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deployment scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for sending a request message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for sending a request message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another deployment scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for sending a request message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for acquiring a buffer gain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for buffering data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for sending a data packet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a forwarding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a forwarding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a forwarding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a forwarding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a specific deployment example, where the network environment includes at least three user equipments 102, 104 and 106, and a CCN and at least one server 120 for providing content.
  • a plurality of forwarding devices 112, 114, 116, and 118 are included in the CCN.
  • the forwarding device may be a network device such as a router or a switch that has the capability of processing packets and forwarding packets.
  • User equipment 102 is in communication with forwarding device 112 in the CCN.
  • User equipment 104 is in communication with forwarding device 118 in the CCN.
  • User equipment 106 is in communication with forwarding device 116 in the CCN.
  • Forwarding device 112 is coupled to forwarding devices 114 and 118, respectively.
  • the forwarding device 114 is connected to the forwarding devices 112, 116 and the server 120, respectively.
  • the network environment includes multiple content delivery paths.
  • the message transmission path between the user equipment 102 and the server 120 is used as the first content delivery path, and related examples are described.
  • any content delivery path in the network environment can be used as the first content delivery path, which is not illustrated one by one in the following embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for sending a request message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for transmitting the request message shown in FIG. 2 is described in detail below from the perspective of the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the direction in which the request message is transmitted on the first content delivery path is the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120.
  • the number of forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is k.
  • the i-th forwarding device is any one of the forwarding devices on the first content delivery path. i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k.
  • the server 120 is configured to provide the first content requested by the first user equipment 102.
  • the method includes the following operations.
  • the ith forwarding device receives the first request packet from the first user equipment 102, where the first request packet includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content.
  • the first request message is used to request the server 120 to provide the first content.
  • the buffer gain in the first request message from the first user equipment 102 is a preset value.
  • the first content delivery path may be a path planned according to Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), or Traffic Engineering (TE).
  • the first content delivery path is used to transmit a message between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120, such as a data message and a request message.
  • the data packet is a packet sent by the server 120 to carry the first content.
  • the identifier of the first content may be a name of the first content or a uniform resource locator corresponding to the first content (English name is Uniform Resource Locator, English abbreviation is URL).
  • the ith forwarding device obtains a second request packet, where the second request packet includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content.
  • the cache gain in the second request message is the maximum value of the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment 102 to the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment 102 to the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the ith forwarding device has multiple local cache gains, and each local cache gain corresponds to an identification of a certain content.
  • the i-th forwarding device is the forwarding device 114
  • the maximum value of the local cache gain corresponding to the first content identifier of the forwarding device 112 and the local cache gain corresponding to the first content identifier of the forwarding device 114 is The buffer gain in the second request message.
  • the ith forwarding device may replace the buffer gain in the first request message with the local buffer gain of the first content to form a second request message.
  • the ith forwarding device may generate a second request packet, where the second request packet includes a local cache gain of the first content and an identifier of the first content.
  • the local cache gain of the first content is a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content on the ith forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device periodically generates a gain of the content according to a calculation formula of the gain of the content.
  • the calculation formula of the gain of the content on the i-th forwarding device can be expressed as:
  • i is used to identify the ith forwarding device.
  • m is used to identify the content. Used to identify the gain of m on the i-th forwarding device. It is used to identify the popularity of m on the i-th forwarding device.
  • ⁇ is used to identify Weight, ⁇ is based on In calculation The coefficient of importance set in . It is used to identify the bandwidth consumed by the unit content included in the transmission m between the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 providing m.
  • ⁇ is used to identify Weight, ⁇ is based on In calculation The coefficient of importance set in . s m is used to identify the number of unit contents included in m.
  • ⁇ is used to identify the weight of s m
  • ⁇ is calculated according to s m
  • the values of ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are greater than zero.
  • the product of s m can be used to identify the bandwidth consumed by the transmission of m between the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 providing m.
  • the unit content may be content in units of groups, may be content in units of files, or may be content in units of bits (English name is bit).
  • the values of ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are both 1, m1 is used to identify the first content requested by the first user equipment 102, and the ith forwarding device is based on the first parameter and Generate the gain of m1.
  • the first parameter is with The product of.
  • the first parameter is used to identify the bandwidth consumed by the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 to transmit m1.
  • the first parameter may be represented by a hop count between the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 on the first content delivery path.
  • the first parameter may be represented by a sum of weights of multi-hop links between the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 on the first content delivery path.
  • the weight of each hop link can be inversely proportional to the bandwidth of each hop link, or a parameter pre-set according to the needs of network optimization.
  • the first parameter may be represented by a transmission delay generated by the first content transmission between the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 on the first content delivery path.
  • the number of request messages received by the i-th forwarding device in the preset time period may be represented.
  • the request message received by the ith forwarding device includes the identifier m1 of the first content. or, It can be expressed as the result of the number of request messages received by the i-th forwarding device and the weighted value calculation within the preset time.
  • the method for calculating the number of the request packets received by the i-th forwarding device and the weighting value in the preset time includes: setting the weight value of the user for the user equipment requesting the first content according to the level or importance of the user.
  • the product of the number of request messages sent by the user equipment and the user's weight value is taken as For example, if the weight value of the user of the first user equipment 102 is 2, the first user equipment 102 sends a message to the ith forwarding device to request the first content, and the first content of the ith forwarding device is popular.
  • the value of the degree increase is 2. If the weight value of the user of the first user equipment 102 is 1, the first user equipment 102 sends a message to the ith forwarding device to request the first content, and the popularity of the first content on the i-th forwarding device increases. The value is 1.
  • the ith forwarding device may obtain the local cache gain of the first content according to the generated gain of the first content before receiving the first request message or receiving the first request message. Or the ith forwarding device periodically obtains the local cache gain of the first content according to the gain of the first content. Or the ith forwarding device obtains a local buffer gain according to the received instruction.
  • the local cache gain of the first content is a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content.
  • the storage space occupied by the cached content of the i-th forwarding device does not reach a predetermined threshold
  • the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content may be a product of the gain of the first content and the weight of the first content.
  • the predetermined threshold is used to identify the capacity of the storage space on the i-th forwarding device to cache the content.
  • the weight of the first content is used to identify the importance of the gain of the first content in calculating the local cache gain corresponding to the identity of the first content.
  • the value of the weight of the first content is greater than zero.
  • the calculation formula of the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content can be expressed as:
  • LocalGain is used to identify the local cache gain of the first content.
  • ⁇ is used to identify the weight of.
  • ⁇ is a coefficient set according to the importance of the gain of the first content in calculating LocalGain.
  • the value of ⁇ can be greater than zero.
  • i is used to identify the ith forwarding device.
  • M1 is used to identify the first content requested by the first user equipment 102.
  • the identifier used to identify the first content on the ith forwarding device. The calculation can be calculated by the above formula (1).
  • the storage space occupied by the cached content of the i-th forwarding device reaches a predetermined threshold, which can be calculated by using the above formula (2), and can also be calculated by the following formula (3).
  • LocalGain is used to identify the local cache gain.
  • i is used to identify the ith forwarding device.
  • M1 is used to identify the first content requested by the first user equipment 102.
  • M2 is used to identify the second content cached on the i-th forwarding device.
  • the second content may be the content with the smallest gain of the content in the content that has been cached by the i-th forwarding device.
  • ⁇ is used to identify the weight of m1.
  • the identifier used to identify the first content on the ith forwarding device.
  • the calculation can be calculated using equation (1).
  • ⁇ is used to identify the weight of m2.
  • ⁇ is a coefficient set according to the importance of the gain of the second content in calculating LocalGain. The value of ⁇ can be greater than zero. Used to identify the gain of the second content on the ith forwarding device.
  • the calculation can be calculated using equation (1).
  • the ith forwarding device may generate a PIT entry corresponding to the first content before or after the second request packet is obtained.
  • the PIT entry includes an identifier of the first content, a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, a parameter identifying the first user equipment 102, and a buffer gain in the first request message.
  • the parameter that identifies the first user equipment 102 may be the address of the first user equipment 102 or the identifier of the interface that the i-th forwarding device receives the first request message.
  • the cache gain in the first request message corresponds to the parameter identifying the first user equipment 102.
  • the ith forwarding device sends the second request packet to the next hop along the first content delivery path.
  • the ith forwarding device may send the second request packet according to the information of the next hop included in the pre-configured forwarding information base (referred to as the forwarding information base in English).
  • the FIB includes an identification of the first content and a next hop.
  • the next hop in 203 is the next hop of the ith forwarding device in the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120 in the first content delivery path.
  • the next hop in 203 is server 120 or the i+1th forwarding device.
  • the i+1th forwarding device is located between the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 on the first content delivery path.
  • the next hop in the FIB may be the identifier of the interface of the i-th forwarding device connected to the next hop or the address of the ith forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device selects a larger value from the cache gain in the first request message and the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content.
  • the ith forwarding device uses the selected larger value as the buffer gain in the second request message.
  • the ith forwarding device sends the second request packet by using the first content delivery path. Any one of the forwarding devices in the first content delivery path may compare and replace the cache gain in the received request packet with the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content according to the method in the foregoing embodiment, so that the server
  • the maximum value of the local cache gains of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is obtained by the request message from the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identity of the first content.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for sending a request message according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for transmitting the request message shown in FIG. 3 is described in detail below from the perspective of the i-th forwarding device shared by the first content delivery path and the second content delivery path.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the direction in which the request message is transmitted on the first content delivery path is the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120.
  • the number of forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is k.
  • the second content delivery path is a message transmission path between the second user equipment 104 and the server 120.
  • the direction in which the request message is transmitted on the second content delivery path is the direction of the second user equipment 104 to the server 120.
  • There is a coincidence path between the second content delivery path and the first content delivery path that is, the path between the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 is a coincident path, and i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k.
  • the method includes the following operations.
  • the ith forwarding device receives the first request packet from the first content delivery path, where the first request packet includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content.
  • the first request message is used to request the server 120 to provide the first content.
  • the first request message received by the ith forwarding device is from the first user equipment 102, and the buffer gain in the first request message is a preset value.
  • the first request message received by the ith forwarding device is from the i-1th forwarding device, and the cache gain in the first request message is the path of the first user equipment 102 to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment 102 to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • All forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment 102 to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path include an (i-1)th forwarding device.
  • the i-1th forwarding device is the last hop of the i-th forwarding device in the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120 in the first content delivery path.
  • the i-1th forwarding device may calculate the local buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content by using the above formula (2) or the above formula (3).
  • the ith forwarding device obtains a second request packet, where the second request packet includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content.
  • the cache gain in the second request message is the maximum value of the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment 102 to the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the method for obtaining the second request message in 302 is the same as the method for obtaining the second request message in 202 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment 102 to the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path in 302 corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the ith forwarding device may periodically generate the gain of the first content according to the above formula (1).
  • the content cached by the forwarding device does not reach the predetermined threshold, and the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content may be the product of the gain of the first content and the weight of the first content, that is, the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content may be Calculated using equation (2).
  • the cached content of the i-th forwarding device reaches a predetermined threshold, and the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content may be calculated by using formula (2).
  • the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content is a difference between the gain of the first content and the gain of the second content, that is, the local buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content may be calculated by using formula (3).
  • the gain of the second content is stored on the i-th forwarding device.
  • the second content is the content with the smallest gain of the content in the cached content on the i-th forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device may generate a PIT entry corresponding to the first content before or after the second request packet is obtained.
  • the PIT entry includes an identifier of the first content, a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, a buffer gain in the first request packet, and a parameter identifying a device that sends the first request message.
  • the parameter of the device that sends the first request message may be the address of the device that sends the first request message, or the identifier of the interface that the i-th forwarding device receives the first request message.
  • the device that sends the first request message may be the first user equipment 102 or the i-1th forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device sends the second request packet to the next hop along the first content delivery path.
  • the method of transmitting the second request message in 303 is the same as the method of sending the second request message in 203 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the ith forwarding device receives the third request packet sent by the jth forwarding device of the second content delivery path.
  • the third request message includes a cache gain and an identification of the first content.
  • the cache gain in the third request message is the maximum value of the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path.
  • the jth forwarding device forwards the last hop of the device in the second content delivery path in the direction of the second user device 104 to the server 120.
  • All forwarding devices between the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path include a jth forwarding device. Any one of the forwarding devices on the second content delivery path may calculate the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content by using formula (2) or formula (3).
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content. Any one of the forwarding devices on the second content delivery path may send the request message according to the method provided in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2 .
  • the ith forwarding device saves a buffer gain in the third request packet and a parameter that identifies the jth forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device may have a cache gain greater than the first content in the third request message.
  • the buffer gain in the third request message and the parameter identifying the jth forwarding device are saved.
  • the parameter identifying the i-th forwarding device may be an address of the jth forwarding device or an interface identifier of the third request message.
  • the buffer gain in the third request message corresponds to the parameter identifying the i-th forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device may extend the PIT entry, and write the cache gain in the third request packet and the identifier of the interface that receives the third request packet into the PIT entry corresponding to the first content.
  • the ith forwarding device may further store the parameter identifying the jth forwarding device or store the third request packet when the buffering gain in the third request packet is less than or equal to the local buffering gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content.
  • the buffer gain in the text and the parameters identifying the jth forwarding device may be further stored.
  • the ith forwarding device carries the larger value of the cache gain in the received first request packet and the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content in the second request packet.
  • the ith forwarding device sends the second request packet by using the first content delivery path. After transmitting the second request message along the first content delivery path, the ith forwarding device receives the third request message from the second content delivery path for requesting the first content, and the ith forwarding device does not Sending a request message requesting the first content to the server 120 helps to reduce the burden on the server 120.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is 2.
  • the first forwarding device 112 and the second forwarding device 114 are included on the first content delivery path.
  • the first user equipment 102 is in communication with the first forwarding device 112.
  • the first forwarding device 112 is connected to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the second forwarding device 114 is in communication with the server 120.
  • Server 120 can provide the first content.
  • the second content delivery path is a message transmission path between the second user equipment 104 and the server 120.
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the second content delivery path is 3.
  • the first forwarding device 112 receives the first request message from the first user device 102, where the first request message includes the identifier m1 of the first content and a preset cache gain.
  • the preset buffer gain has a value of zero.
  • the storage space occupied by the content that has been cached by the first forwarding device 112 does not reach a predetermined threshold, and LocalGain can be calculated by using formula (2).
  • popularity of the first content on the first forwarding device 112 Is 100.
  • the number of hops between the first forwarding device 112 and the server 120 is 2.
  • the size of the first content Is 1.
  • the weight of the first content ⁇ , Weight ⁇ , Weight ⁇ and The weights ⁇ are both 1.
  • the value of LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112 is 200.
  • the first forwarding device 112 determines that the preset cache gain in the first request packet is smaller than the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112, and the first forwarding device 112 uses the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112.
  • the second request message is obtained by changing the preset buffer gain in the first request message.
  • the value of the buffer gain in the second request message is 200.
  • the cache gain in the second request message indicates the maximum value of LocalGain of all forwarding devices between the first user equipment 102 and the first forwarding device 112 on the first content delivery path.
  • the first forwarding device 112 sends a second request message to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the first forwarding device 112 stores the preset gain value in the first request message and the identifier of the interface that receives the first request message.
  • the second forwarding device 114 receives the second request message from the first forwarding device 112, where the second request message includes a buffer gain and m1.
  • the value of the buffer gain in the second request message is 200.
  • the storage space occupied by the cached content of the second forwarding device 114 reaches a predetermined threshold, and LocalGain can be calculated by using formula (2) or formula (3).
  • the gain of the first content on the second forwarding device 114 The value is 220.
  • Gain of the second content on the second forwarding device 114 The value is 50. If the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is calculated using Equation (2), the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is That is, the value of LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is 220. If the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is calculated using Equation (3), the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is with The difference, that is, the value of LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is 170
  • the second forwarding device 114 determines that the buffer gain in the second request packet is smaller than the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114, and the second forwarding device 114 uses the second forwarding device 114.
  • the LocalGain replaces the buffer gain in the second request message to obtain a third request message.
  • the value of the buffer gain in the third request message is 220.
  • the second forwarding device 114 determines that the buffer gain in the second request packet is greater than the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114, and the second forwarding device 114 sends the second request packet. It is sent as a third request message.
  • the value of the buffer gain in the third request message is 200.
  • the second forwarding device 114 sends a third request message to the server 120.
  • the cache gain in the request message received by the server 120 is the maximum value in the LocalGain of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path.
  • the second forwarding device 114 stores the cache gain in the second request message and the identifier of the interface that receives the second request message.
  • the network scenario shown in FIG. 1 also includes a second content delivery path.
  • the second content delivery path includes a first forwarding device 112, a second forwarding device 114, and a fourth forwarding device 118.
  • the second user equipment 104 and the fourth forwarding device 118 communicate.
  • the fourth forwarding device 118 is connected to the first forwarding device 112.
  • the first forwarding device 112 is connected to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the second forwarding device 114 communicates with the server 120 120.
  • There is a coincident path between the first content delivery path and the second content delivery path, that is, the path of the first forwarding device 112 via the second forwarding device 114 to the server 120 is a coincident path.
  • the fourth forwarding device 118 receives the fourth request message from the second user device 104, where the fourth request message includes m1 and a preset buffer gain.
  • the preset buffer gain has a value of zero.
  • the storage space occupied by the cached content of the fourth forwarding device 118 does not reach a predetermined threshold, and LocalGain can be calculated by using formula (2).
  • the value of LocalGain of the fourth forwarding device 118 is 300.
  • the fourth forwarding device 118 replaces the preset buffer gain in the fourth request message with the LocalGain to obtain the fifth request message.
  • the value of the buffer gain in the fifth request message is 300.
  • the first forwarding device 112 After transmitting the second request message, the first forwarding device 112 receives the fifth request message of the fourth forwarding device 118 of the second content delivery path. The first forwarding device 112 no longer sends a request message to the server 120, and stores the cache gain in the fifth request message and the identifier of the interface that receives the fifth request message.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another deployment scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the network environment includes at least three user devices 102, 104, and 106, and a CCN and at least one server 120 for providing content.
  • a controller 130, a plurality of forwarding devices 112, 114, 116, and 118 are included in the CCN.
  • the forwarding device may be a network device such as a router or a switch that has the capability of processing packets and forwarding packets.
  • Controller 130 is in communication with server 120, forwarding devices 112, 114, 116, and 118.
  • User equipment 102 is in communication with forwarding device 112 in the CCN.
  • User equipment 104 is in communication with forwarding device 118 in the CCN.
  • User equipment 106 is in communication with forwarding device 116 in the CCN.
  • Forwarding device 112 is coupled to forwarding devices 114 and 118, respectively.
  • the forwarding device 114 is connected to the forwarding devices 112, 116 and the server 120, respectively.
  • the network environment includes multiple content delivery paths.
  • the controller 130 calculates the localGain corresponding to the first content of each forwarding device for each forwarding device, and sends the maximum value of the localGain of all the forwarding devices on the delivery path to the server 120, which is reduced compared to the scenario shown in FIG. The burden of forwarding devices.
  • the controller 130 may also acquire the LocalGain corresponding to the first content calculated by the forwarding device from each forwarding device, and send the maximum value in the LocalGain of all forwarding devices on a content delivery path to the server 120.
  • the message transmission path between the user equipment 102 and the server 120 is used as the first content delivery path, and related examples are described.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for sending a request message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for transmitting the request message shown in FIG. 5 is described in detail from the perspective of the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the first content delivery path is the first user device 102 and the server 120
  • the direction in which the request message is transmitted on the first content delivery path is the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120.
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is k.
  • i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k.
  • the method includes the following operations.
  • the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path receives the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content sent by the controller 130.
  • the local cache gain corresponding to the identity of the first content may be calculated and generated by the controller 130.
  • the controller 130 may calculate the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content using Equation (2) or Equation (3).
  • the ith forwarding device may obtain the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content by using the packet from the controller 130.
  • the ith forwarding device sends the request packet from the previous hop to the next hop, where the request packet includes an identifier of the first content.
  • the last hop of 502 is the first user equipment 102 or the i-1th forwarding device.
  • the i-1th forwarding device is the last hop of the ith forwarding device in the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120 in the first content delivery path.
  • the next hop of 502 is server 120 or the (i+1)th forwarding device.
  • the i+1th forwarding device is the next hop of the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path in the direction from the first user equipment 102 to the server 120.
  • the ith forwarding device may obtain a parameter identifying the last hop from the controller 130.
  • the ith forwarding device obtains the parameter identifying the last hop by receiving the interface of the request packet.
  • the parameter identifying the last hop is the address of the previous hop or the identifier of the interface that receives the request message.
  • the ith forwarding device stores an identifier of the first content, a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, and a parameter that identifies the last hop.
  • 501 may be performed before 502, between 502 and 503, or concurrently with 502.
  • the ith forwarding device may obtain the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content from the controller 130, and reduce the burden on the forwarding device, and also save bandwidth consumption.
  • the sending method of the data packet further includes: the second buffering gain sent by the i-th forwarding device storage controller 130 and the parameter identifying the th-th forwarding device.
  • the second buffer gain is a maximum value of local cache gains of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path.
  • the second content delivery path is a message transmission path between the second user equipment 104 and the server 120. There is a coincident path between the first content delivery path and the second content delivery path, that is, the path between the i-th forwarding device and the server 120 is a coincident path.
  • the jth forwarding device is along the second The i-th device in the direction from the user device 104 to the server 120 is on the last hop of the second content delivery path. All forwarding devices between the second user equipment 104 and the jth forwarding device include a jth forwarding device.
  • the local cache gain of any one of the forwarding devices on the second content delivery path may be calculated by the controller 130 according to formula (2) or formula (3).
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content. Any one of the forwarding devices on the second content delivery path may send the request message according to the method of 501 to 503.
  • the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path stores the second buffering gain, and may replace the first data packet with the second buffering gain when sending the first data packet to the jth forwarding device. Cache gain.
  • the forwarding device that matches the second cache gain and the local cache gain of the first content caches the first content to dynamically adjust the cache location of the first content.
  • the local cache gain of the first content is a local cache gain corresponding to the identity of the first content.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for acquiring a buffer gain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for obtaining the buffer gain shown in FIG. 6 will be described in detail from the perspective of the controller 130 in conjunction with FIG.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is k.
  • i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k.
  • the method includes the following operations.
  • the controller 130 obtains a first buffer gain, where the first buffer gain is a maximum value of local buffer gains of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path.
  • the controller 130 can calculate a local cache gain of the forwarding device for each forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of the forwarding device is a local cache gain corresponding to the identity of the first content on the forwarding device.
  • the controller 130 may periodically acquire the popularity of the first content required to calculate the gain of the first content from the ith forwarding device.
  • the controller 130 may calculate the local buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content periodically by using formula (2) or formula (3).
  • the ith forwarding device is any one of the forwarding devices on the first content delivery path.
  • the controller 130 may obtain the first buffer gain according to the local buffer gain of each forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identity of the first content.
  • the controller 130 periodically sends a first buffer gain to the server 120, and periodically sends a local cache gain to each forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the controller 130 periodically sends the local mitigation to each forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the memory gain corresponds to the forwarding device that receives the local buffer gain.
  • the local cache gain corresponds to the identity of the first content.
  • the second content delivery path and the first content delivery path have a coincidence path, and the coincident path is a path between the ith forwarding device and the server 120.
  • the method for obtaining the cache gain provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • the controller 130 periodically sends a second buffer gain to the ith forwarding device, where the second buffer gain is the maximum local buffer gain of all forwarding devices on the path from the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path. value.
  • controller 130 may employ a method in 601 to obtain a second buffer gain.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the controller 130 may send a second buffer gain after transmitting the first buffer gain to the server 130.
  • the controller 130 sends the local cache gain corresponding to the forwarding device to each forwarding device on the first content delivery path, which helps each forwarding device to match the local cache gain and the buffer gain in the first data packet.
  • the first content in the first data message is cached.
  • the controller 130 further sends a second buffer gain to the ith forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device forwards the first content to the second content delivery path
  • the second buffer gain can be used to replace the buffer gain in the first data packet. .
  • the forwarding device that matches the local cache gain on the second content delivery path and the second cache gain caches the first content to dynamically adjust the cache location of the first content.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is 2.
  • the first forwarding device 112 and the second forwarding device 114 are included on the first content delivery path.
  • the first user equipment 102 is in communication with the first forwarding device 112.
  • the first forwarding device 112 is connected to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the second forwarding device 114 is in communication with the server 120.
  • Server 120 can provide the first content.
  • the second content delivery path is a message transmission path between the second user equipment 104 and the server 120.
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the second content delivery path is 3.
  • the second content delivery path includes a first forwarding device 112, a second forwarding device 114, and a fourth forwarding device 118.
  • the second user equipment 104 and the fourth forwarding device 118 communicate.
  • the fourth forwarding device 118 is connected to the first forwarding device 112.
  • the first forwarding device 112 is connected to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the second forwarding device 114 is in communication with the server 120.
  • the path of the second forwarding device 114 to the server 120 is a coincident path.
  • the controller 130 calculates the obtained LocalGain value of the first forwarding device 112 as 200, and transmits the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112 and the address of the first user device 102 to the first forwarding device 112.
  • the controller 130 calculates the obtained LocalGain value of the second forwarding device 114 as 170, and transmits the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 and the address of the first forwarding device 112 to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the controller 130 calculates the obtained LocalGain value of the fourth forwarding device 118 as 300, and transmits the addresses of the LocalGain and the fourth forwarding device 118 of the fourth forwarding device 118 to the first forwarding device 112 and the fourth forwarding device 118.
  • the first forwarding device 112 sends the first request message from the first user device 102 to the second forwarding device 114, where the first request message includes an identifier of the first content.
  • the first forwarding device 112 stores the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112 from the controller 130, the address of the first user device 102, and the identification of the first content.
  • the first forwarding device 112 also stores the LocalGain of the fourth forwarding device 118 from the controller 130, the address of the fourth forwarding device 118, and the identification of the first content.
  • the second forwarding device 114 transmits the first request message from the first forwarding device 112 to the server 120.
  • the second forwarding device 114 stores the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 from the controller 130, the address of the first forwarding device 112, and the identification of the first content.
  • the fourth forwarding device 118 sends the second request message from the second user device 104 to the first forwarding device 112, where the second request message includes an identifier of the first content.
  • the fourth forwarding device 118 stores the LocalGain of the fourth forwarding device 118 from the controller 130, the address of the second user device 104, and the identification of the first content.
  • the first forwarding device 112 receives the first request message and then receives the second request message, and does not send the request message to the server 120.
  • the first forwarding device 112 may store the stored addresses of the LocalGain and the fourth forwarding device 118 of the fourth forwarding device 118 to transmit the first content from the server 120 to the fourth forwarding device 118.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for buffering data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for buffering data shown in FIG. 7 is described in detail from the perspective of the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the direction in which the data message is transmitted on the first content delivery path is the direction of the server 120 to the first user equipment 102.
  • the first content delivery path is a packet transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is k, i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k.
  • the method includes the following operations.
  • the ith forwarding device receives the first data packet from the previous hop.
  • the first data message includes a cache gain, a first content, and an identification of the first content.
  • the first data message is used to send the first content to the first user equipment.
  • the buffer gain in the first data message is the maximum of the local buffer gains of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path.
  • the last hop in 701 is the server 120 or the i+1th forwarding device.
  • the i+1th forwarding device is the last hop of the ith forwarding device in the direction of the server 120 to the first user equipment 102 in the first content delivery path.
  • the first data packet may be a packet of the CCN data packet (the English name is data packet).
  • the cache gain in the first data packet may be sent to the server 120 by the method provided in the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, or may be sent to the server 120 in the method provided in the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identity of the first content.
  • the ith forwarding device determines that the cache gain in the first data packet matches the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, and caches the first content.
  • the matching may be that the buffer gain on the path is the same as the local buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, or may be the difference between the buffer gain on the path and the local buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content.
  • the matching may be that the buffer gain on the path is the same as the local buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, or may be the difference between the buffer gain on the path and the local buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content.
  • the ith forwarding device buffering the first content includes directly caching the first content if the storage space occupied by the content cached by the ith forwarding device does not reach a predetermined threshold. If the storage space occupied by the cached content of the i-th forwarding device reaches a predetermined threshold, the i-th forwarding device selects a content set that matches the size of the first content from the cached content, and replaces the first content with the first content. The size of the matching content set. Among them, the content set includes the content with the smallest gain among the cached content.
  • the ith forwarding device when the ith forwarding device determines that the cache gain in the first data packet does not match the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, the ith forwarding device sends the first data packet by using the first content delivery path.
  • the device requesting the first content is a device that sends the first request message to the ith forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device may forward the first data packet according to the identifier of the interface that receives the first request packet.
  • the forwarding device on the first content delivery path caches the first content in the first data packet when the local cache gain of the first content delivery packet matches the cache gain of the first data packet.
  • the first content in the first data packet can be cached on the forwarding device having the largest local cache gain on the first content delivery path, such as the ith forwarding device, and the content popularity and content cache location are implemented.
  • the impact of network bandwidth determines the content cache location.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the first forwarding device 112 and the second forwarding device 114 are included on the first content delivery path.
  • the first user equipment 102 is in communication with the first forwarding device 112.
  • the first forwarding device 112 is connected to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the second forwarding device 114 is in communication with the server 120.
  • Server 120 can provide the first content.
  • the buffer gain in the first data packet sent by the server 120 is the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114, that is, the value of the buffer gain on the path is 220.
  • the server 120 sends the first data packet to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the first data packet includes a cache gain, a first content, and an identifier of the first content.
  • the second forwarding device 114 receives the first data message from the server 120.
  • the second forwarding device 114 determines that the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is equal to the buffer gain on the path, and buffers the first content in the first data packet.
  • the second forwarding device 114 Since the storage space occupied by the content cached by the second forwarding device 114 reaches a predetermined threshold, the second forwarding device 114 replaces the cached second content with the first content.
  • the second forwarding device 114 may send the first data packet to the first forwarding device 112 according to the identifier of the interface that receives the request packet.
  • the first forwarding device 112 receives the first data message from the second forwarding device 114.
  • the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112 is 200.
  • the first forwarding device 112 determines that the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112 is smaller than the buffering gain in the first data packet, and does not cache the first content in the first data packet.
  • the first forwarding device 112 sends the first data packet to the first user equipment 102 according to the identifier of the interface that receives the request message.
  • the buffer gain in the first data packet sent by the server 120 is the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112, that is, the value of the buffer gain on the path is 200.
  • the server 120 sends the first data packet to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the first data packet includes a cache gain, a first content, and an identifier of the first content.
  • the second forwarding device 114 receives the first data message from the server 120.
  • the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 112 is 170.
  • the second forwarding device 114 determines that the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is smaller than the buffer gain on the path, and does not cache the first content in the first data packet.
  • the second forwarding device 114 sends the first data packet to the first forwarding device 112 according to the identifier of the interface that receives the request packet. Since the storage space where the content of the cached content of the second forwarding device 114 reaches a predetermined threshold, the gain loss caused by replacing the cached second content is considered when calculating the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114, so that the second The forwarding device 114 does not need to cache the first content, reducing the frequent caching operation of the second forwarding device 114.
  • the first forwarding device 112 receives the first data message from the second forwarding device 114.
  • the buffer gain in the first data message is 200.
  • the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112 is 200.
  • the first forwarding device 112 determines that the local Gain of the first forwarding device 112 and the cache gain in the first data packet are the same, and buffers the first content in the first data packet.
  • the first forwarding device 112 sends the first data packet to the first user equipment 102 according to the identifier of the interface that receives the request message.
  • the first forwarding device 112 caches the first content. If the first forwarding device 112 receives the request packet for requesting the first content, the first content is sent to the device requesting the first content, and the The server 120 acquires the first content, saving bandwidth between the first forwarding device 112 and the server 120.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for sending a data packet according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for transmitting the data packet shown in FIG. 8 is described in detail below from the perspective of the i-th forwarding device shared by the first content delivery path and the second content delivery path.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the direction in which the data message is transmitted on the first content delivery path is the direction of the server 120 to the first user equipment 102.
  • the second content delivery path is a message transmission path between the second user equipment 104 and the server 120.
  • the direction in which the data message is transmitted on the second content delivery path is the direction of the server 120 to the second user equipment 104.
  • the method shown in FIG. 8 is executed when the buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content on the i-th forwarding device matches or does not match the buffer gain in the first data packet.
  • the method includes the following operations.
  • the ith forwarding device acquires the stored bth gain and the parameter of the device that sends the request message.
  • the parameter of the device that sends the request message is the address of the device that sends the request message or the identifier of the interface that receives the request message.
  • the device that sends the request message is the first user equipment 102 or the i-1th forwarding device.
  • the first cache gain is the maximum value of the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment 102 to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment 102 to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the i-1th forwarding device is the first hop of the i-th forwarding device in the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120 in the first content delivery path, or the ith forwarding device in the direction of the server 120 to the first user equipment 102.
  • the interface of the ith forwarding device receiving the request message from the first user equipment 102 is used to identify the ith forwarding device.
  • the interface of the i-th forwarding device receiving the request message from the (i-1)th device is used to identify the (i-1)th forwarding device.
  • the parameter identifying the device that sends the request message is the address of the jth forwarding device or the identifier of the interface connecting the jth forwarding device.
  • the second buffer gain is the maximum value of the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment 104 to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the j-th forwarding device is in the direction of the second user device 104 to the server 120, the i-th forwarding device is in the last hop of the second content delivery path, or is in the direction of the server 120 to the second user device 104, the ith forwarding device is in the second content delivery. The next hop of the path.
  • the ith forwarding device may obtain the b-th gain and the parameter of the device that sends the request message from the PIT entry corresponding to the first content.
  • the parameter identifying the device that sends the request message corresponds to the bth gain.
  • the ith forwarding device compares the b-th gain with the size of the buffer gain in the first data packet. When the b-th gain is greater than the buffer gain in the first data packet, performing 803, otherwise executing 804.
  • the bth gain is the first buffer gain
  • the bth gain is less than or equal to the buffer gain in the first data message
  • 804 is performed.
  • the bth gain is the second buffer gain
  • the bth gain is less than or equal to the buffer gain in the first data message
  • 804 is performed
  • the bth gain is greater than the buffer gain in the first data message
  • the ith forwarding device acquires the second data packet, and sends the second data packet by using the second content delivery path.
  • the ith forwarding device may replace the buffer gain in the first data packet with the bth gain to form a second data message.
  • the ith forwarding device may generate a second data packet, where the second data packet includes an identifier of the bth gain, the first content, and the first content.
  • the jth forwarding device is in the direction of the second user equipment 104 to the server 120, and the i-th forwarding device is in the last hop of the second content delivery path, or is the ith forwarding device in the direction of the server 120 to the second user equipment 104.
  • the ith forwarding device may send the second data packet to the jth forwarding device by using the second content delivery path according to the stored identifier of the jth forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device sends the first data packet to the device that requests the first content.
  • the ith forwarding device may send the first data packet along the first content delivery path and the second content delivery path.
  • the device requesting the first content is the first user device 102, the i-1th forwarding device, or the jth forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device passes the parameter of the stored first user equipment 102 according to the stored parameters.
  • a content delivery path sends a first data message to the first user equipment 102.
  • the method for the first forwarding device to send the first data packet to the (i-1)th forwarding device and the jth forwarding device is the same as the method for transmitting the first data packet to the first user device 102.
  • the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path forwards the first data packet from the server 120
  • the stored bth gain is greater than the buffer gain in the first data packet
  • the gain acquires the second data message.
  • the ith forwarding device sends the second data packet to the forwarding device on the second content delivery path, which helps the forwarding device on the second content delivery path to cache the first content.
  • the foregoing embodiment implements dynamically adjusting the cache location of the first content when the popularity of the first content and the network bandwidth change, which helps to further save the bandwidth of the network.
  • the ith forwarding device may clear the identifier of the stored first content, the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, The bth gain, and a parameter identifying the device that sent the request message. For example, the ith forwarding device may clear the PIT entry corresponding to the first content.
  • Server 120 can provide the first content.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the first forwarding device 112 and the second forwarding device 114 are included on the first content delivery path.
  • the second content delivery path is a message transmission path between the second user equipment 104 and the server 120.
  • the fourth content delivery path includes a fourth forwarding device 118, a first forwarding device 112, and a second forwarding device 114.
  • the third content delivery path is a message transmission path between the third user equipment 106 and the server 120.
  • the third content delivery path includes a third forwarding device 116, a first forwarding device 112, and a second forwarding device 114.
  • the buffer gain in the first data packet sent by the server 120 is 200.
  • the server 120 sends the first data message to the second forwarding device 114.
  • the first data message includes a cache gain, a first content, and an identification of the first content.
  • the second forwarding device 114 receives the first data message from the server 120.
  • the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is 170.
  • the second forwarding device 114 determines that the LocalGain of the second forwarding device 114 is small. And transmitting, by the buffer gain in the first data packet, the first data packet to the first forwarding device 112.
  • the first forwarding device 112 receives the first data message from the second forwarding device 114.
  • the LocalGain of the first forwarding device 112 is 200.
  • the first forwarding device 112 determines that the local Gain of the first forwarding device 112 is the same as the cache gain in the first data packet, and sends the first data packet to the first user device 102 simultaneously or after the first content is cached.
  • the first forwarding device 112 also stores the buffer gain and the address of the fourth forwarding device 118.
  • the buffer gain buffer gain stored by the first forwarding device 112 is the LocalGain of the fourth forwarding device 118, and the value is 300.
  • the first forwarding device 112 determines that the stored buffer gain is greater than the buffer gain in the first data message, and obtains a second data message including the stored buffer gain.
  • the first forwarding device 112 sends the second data packet to the fourth forwarding device 118.
  • the fourth forwarding device 118 may buffer the first content in the second data packet according to the local Gain of the fourth forwarding device 118 and the cache gain matching in the second data packet.
  • the second forwarding device 114 also stores the cache gain and the address of the third forwarding device 116.
  • the cache gain stored by the second forwarding device 114 is the LocalGain of the third forwarding device 116, and the value is 150.
  • the second forwarding device 114 determines that the stored buffer gain is smaller than the buffer gain in the first data packet, and sends the first data packet to the third forwarding device 116.
  • the third forwarding device 116 may forward the first data packet to the second user equipment 104 according to the local Gain of the third forwarding device 116 that does not match the buffer gain in the first data packet.
  • the forwarding device provided in the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 9 may be a forwarding device included in any content delivery path in the network scenario shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4.
  • the forwarding device shown in FIG. 9 will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 or FIG. 4.
  • the forwarding device provided by the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 9 is the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment 102 and the server 120.
  • the number of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is k. i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k.
  • the ith forwarding device includes: a first receiving unit 901, a first control unit 902, a first storage unit 903, and a second storage unit 904.
  • the first receiving unit 901 is connected to the first control unit 902.
  • the first control unit 902 connects the first storage unit 903 and the second storage unit 904.
  • the first receiving unit 901 is configured to receive a first data packet from a server.
  • the first data message includes a cache gain, a first content, and an identification of the first content.
  • the buffer gain in the first data message is the maximum of the local buffer gains of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identity of the first content.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices corresponds to the identity of the first content.
  • the local cache corresponding to the identifier of the first content
  • the gain is generated based on the popularity of the first parameter and the first content.
  • the first parameter is used to identify the bandwidth consumed by the i-th forwarding device and the server to transmit the first content.
  • the first data packet received by the first receiving unit 901 may be from the server 120 connected to the ith forwarding device, and may also be from the i+1th forwarding device connected to the ith forwarding device.
  • the i+1th forwarding device forwards the next hop of the device on the first content delivery path in the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120, or forwards the device in the direction of the server 120 to the first user equipment 102.
  • the data packet received by any one of the forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is the same as the data packet sent by the server 120.
  • the first control unit 902 is configured to determine whether the cache gain in the first data packet received by the first receiving unit 901 matches the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content in the second storage unit 904.
  • the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content may be calculated and generated by the ith forwarding device, and may also be calculated and generated by the controller 130.
  • the local buffer gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content may be calculated and generated by using formula (2) or formula (3) provided in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2 .
  • the first control unit 902 is specifically configured to select, when the storage space occupied by the cached content in the first storage unit 903 reaches a predetermined threshold, the content that matches the size of the first content from the cached content. set.
  • the first control unit 902 replaces the content set with the first content.
  • the content set may include content with the least gain in content in the cached content.
  • the first storage unit 903 is configured to store the first content in the first data packet.
  • the second storage unit 904 is configured to store a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content.
  • the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path determines whether to cache the first content in the first data packet according to whether the local cache gain matches the cache gain in the first data packet.
  • the first content in the first data packet can be cached on the forwarding device having the largest local cache gain on the first content delivery path, such as the ith forwarding device, and the content popularity and content cache location are implemented.
  • the impact of network bandwidth determines the content cache location.
  • the ith forwarding device further includes a first sending unit 905.
  • the first sending unit 905 is configured to use the first content delivery path when the first control unit 902 determines that the cache gain in the first data packet does not match the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content stored in the second storage unit.
  • the device requesting the first content is a device that sends a first request message to the ith forwarding device.
  • the device that sends the first request message to the ith forwarding device is the last hop of the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path in the direction of the first user device 102 to the server 120. The last hop is the first user equipment 102 or the i-1th forwarding device.
  • the forwarding device provided in the embodiment of FIG. 10 is based on the forwarding device provided in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 9, and adds a structure for sending a request message.
  • the forwarding device shown in FIG. 10 is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 9, which is specifically as follows:
  • the forwarding device provided in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 10 is the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the ith forwarding device includes: a first receiving unit 901, a first control unit 902, a first storage unit 903, a second storage unit 904, a second receiving unit 911, a first obtaining unit 912, and a second transmitting unit 913.
  • the first receiving unit 901, the first control unit 902, the first storage unit 903, and the second storage unit 904 are the same as the corresponding structures in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 9, and details are not described herein again.
  • the second receiving unit 911 is connected to the first obtaining unit 912.
  • the first obtaining unit 912 is connected to the second transmitting unit 913.
  • the second receiving unit 911 is configured to receive the first request message.
  • the first request message includes a cache gain and an identification of the first content.
  • the cache gain in the first request message is the maximum value of the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path from the first user equipment to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the first user equipment to the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the i-1th forwarding device is the first hop of the i-th forwarding device in the direction of the first user equipment to the server in the first content delivery path.
  • the buffer gain in the first request message is a preset gain value. If the ith forwarding device is connected to the i-1th forwarding device, the buffering gain in the first request packet is a local buffer gain of all forwarding devices between the first user equipment 102 and the i-1th forwarding device on the first content delivery path. The maximum value.
  • the i-th forwarding device is the last hop of the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path in the direction of the first user device 102 to the server 120.
  • the first obtaining unit 912 is configured to obtain a second request message, where the second request message includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content, where the cache gain in the second request message is the first user equipment on the first content delivery path to The maximum value of the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the i-th forwarding device.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path from the first user equipment to the ith forwarding device on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the first obtaining unit 912 may acquire, from the second storage unit 904, a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content.
  • the first obtaining unit 912 may store the cache gain in the first request message, the parameter of the device that identifies the first request message, and the identifier of the first content in the second storage unit 904.
  • the parameter of the device that sends the first request message is the address of the device that sends the first request message or the device that sends the first request message to the i-th forwarding device. The identity of the interface.
  • the second sending unit 913 is configured to send the second request packet to the next hop along the first content delivery path, where the next hop is the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path along the direction of the first user equipment to the server. Next hop.
  • the next hop is the server 120 or the i+1th forwarding device.
  • the ith forwarding device carries the cached gain in the received first request packet and the larger value of the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content in the second request packet, so that the server 120 The cache gain on the path can be obtained from the request message received on the first content delivery path.
  • the forwarding device further includes: a third receiving unit 914 and a second control unit 915.
  • the third receiving unit 914 is configured to receive a third request message from the jth forwarding device, where the third request message is used to request the server to provide the first content, where the third request message includes a cache gain and an identifier of the first content,
  • the forwarding device is the last hop of the ith forwarding device in the second content delivery path along the direction of the second user device to the server, and the second content delivery path is the packet transmission path between the second user device and the server, and the third request
  • the buffer gain in the message is the maximum value of the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path from the second user equipment to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment to the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the second control unit 915 is configured to store the cache gain in the third request message and the parameter identifying the jth forwarding device in the second storage unit 904, and identify that the parameter of the jth forwarding device is the address or the ith of the jth forwarding device.
  • the forwarding device is connected to the interface of the jth forwarding device.
  • the forwarding device provided by the embodiment of the present invention may add a structure for processing a data packet on the basis of the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 9 or FIG. 10.
  • the forwarding device provided in the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 11 is the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the ith forwarding device includes: a first receiving unit 901, a first control unit 902, a first storage unit 903, a second storage unit 904, a second receiving unit 911, a first obtaining unit 912, a second sending unit 913, and a second The acquisition unit 921 and the third transmission unit 9222.
  • the first receiving unit 901, the first control unit 902, the first storage unit 903, the second storage unit 904, the second receiving unit 911, the first obtaining unit 912, and the second sending unit 913 are corresponding to the embodiment of FIG.
  • the corresponding structure in the same is the same.
  • the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 11 further includes a first transmitting unit 905 (not shown in FIG. 11), a third receiving unit 914 (not shown in FIG. 11), and a second control unit 915 (not shown in FIG. 11). show).
  • the first receiving unit 901 is configured to receive the first data packet.
  • the first data message includes the first content, The cache gain and the identity of the first content.
  • the second storage unit 904 is configured to store a local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content, an identifier of the first content, a cache gain in the first request packet, a parameter of the device that identifies the first request message, and a third request.
  • the device that sends the first request message is the first user equipment 102 or the i-1th forwarding device.
  • the i-1th forwarding device is the last hop of the ith forwarding device in the direction of the first user equipment 102 to the server 120 in the first content delivery path.
  • the jth forwarding device is the last hop of the ith forwarding device in the direction of the second user device 104 to the server 120 in the second content delivery path.
  • the second obtaining unit 921 is configured to: when the buffering gain in the third request packet stored by the second storage unit 904 is greater than the buffering gain in the first data packet, acquiring the second data packet, where the second data packet includes The cache gain, the first content, and the identifier of the first content in the three request messages.
  • the third sending unit 922 is configured to send the second data packet to the jth forwarding device according to the parameter of the identifier th-th forwarding device stored by the second storage unit.
  • the third sending unit 922 is configured to send the first data packet received by the first receiving unit 901 to the next hop.
  • the next hop is the next hop of the i-th forwarding device on the first content delivery path in the direction of the server 120 to the first user equipment 102.
  • the next hop is the first user equipment 102 or the i-1th forwarding device.
  • the storage buffer when the first data forwarding device on the first content delivery path forwards the first data packet from the server 120, when the stored buffer gain is greater than the buffer gain in the first data packet, the storage buffer is used. The gain replaces the buffer gain on the path in the first data packet to obtain the second data packet. In this way, when the ith forwarding device sends the second data packet through the second content delivery path, the forwarding device on the second path has an opportunity to cache the first content.
  • the foregoing embodiment implements dynamically adjusting the cache location of the first content when the popularity of the first content and the network bandwidth change, which helps to further save the bandwidth of the network.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the controller 130 shown in Fig. 12 will be described in detail below with reference to Fig. 4 .
  • the controller 130 communicates with the first user equipment, the server, and each of the forwarding devices on the first content delivery path.
  • the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment and the server.
  • the controller 130 includes a first calculation unit 1031, a first acquisition unit 1032, and a first transmission unit 1033.
  • the first calculating unit 1031 is configured to calculate, for each forwarding device on the first content delivery path, a local cache gain of the first content, where the ith forwarding device is any forwarding device on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of the first content of the ith forwarding device is generated according to the first parameter and the popularity of the first content, and the first parameter is used to identify the bandwidth consumed by the ith forwarding device and the server to transmit the first content.
  • the first obtaining unit 1032 is configured to obtain a first buffer gain, where the first buffer gain is a maximum value of local buffer gains of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path corresponds to the identity of the first content.
  • the first sending unit 1033 is configured to periodically send the first buffer gain to the server, and periodically send the local cache gain of the first content to the ith forwarding device.
  • the controller 130 further includes: a second calculating unit 1034, a second obtaining unit 1035, and a second sending unit 1036.
  • the second calculating unit 1034 is configured to calculate a local cache gain of the first content for each forwarding device on the second content delivery path, where the second content delivery path is a packet transmission path between the second user equipment and the server, The path between the content delivery path and the first content delivery path is the path between the ith forwarding device and the server.
  • the second obtaining unit 1035 is configured to obtain a second buffer gain, where the second buffer gain is a maximum value of a local buffer gain of all forwarding devices between the second user equipment and the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path, where the jth forwarding device is The i-th forwarding device forwards the last hop of the second content delivery path along the direction of the second user equipment to the server.
  • the local cache gain of all forwarding devices on the path of the second user equipment and the jth forwarding device on the second content delivery path corresponds to the identifier of the first content.
  • the second sending unit 1036 is configured to periodically send the second buffer gain to the ith forwarding device.
  • the controller 130 calculates a local buffer gain for each forwarding device on the first content delivery path, which helps each forwarding device to cache the first when the local buffer gain and the buffer gain in the first data packet match. The first content in the data message.
  • the controller 130 further sends a second buffer gain to the ith forwarding device.
  • the buffer gain in the first data packet may be replaced by the second buffer gain. In this way, the forwarding device that matches the local cache gain and the second cache gain on the second content delivery path caches the first content to dynamically adjust the cache location of the first content.
  • FIG. 13 shows a forwarding device.
  • the forwarding device can be either a router or a switch.
  • the forwarding device configures the cache space that is useful to cache content.
  • the forwarding device includes a receiving circuit 1101, a transmitting circuit 1102, a memory 1103, and a processor 1104.
  • the receiving circuit 1101, the transmitting circuit 1102, the memory 1103, and the processor 1104 are connected by a communication bus 11011.
  • Receiving circuit 1101 and the transmitting circuit 1102 can be implemented by forwarding an Ethernet chip on the device.
  • the forwarding device of this embodiment may be the forwarding device provided in any one of the embodiments corresponding to FIG. 9 to FIG.
  • the memory 1103 is used to store the local cache gain of the application, the first content, and the forwarding device.
  • An application can include one or more computer instructions.
  • the processor 1104 reads the computer instructions from the memory 1103 and performs the following operations:
  • a first data packet from the server where the first content delivery path is a message transmission path between the first user equipment and the server, and the number of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path is k, i is An integer that is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to k, the first data packet includes a cache gain, an identifier of the first content, and the first content, and the cache gain in the first data packet is local to all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path. a maximum value in the cache gain, the maximum value of the local cache gains of all forwarding devices on the first content delivery path corresponding to the identifier of the first content;
  • the cache gain in the first data packet matches the local cache gain corresponding to the identifier of the first content
  • the first content included in the first data packet is buffered to the memory 1103.
  • the processor 1104 can send the first data message to the device requesting the first content through the sending circuit 1102.
  • the above general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention may be directly implemented as a hardware processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the code implementing the above functions may be stored in a computer readable medium.
  • Computer readable media includes computer storage media.
  • a storage medium may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • the computer readable medium may be a random access memory (English full name is random access memory, abbreviated as RAM), read-only memory (English full name is read-only memory, English abbreviation for ROM), Electrical erasable programmable read-only memory (English full name electrically programmable programmable read-only memory, English abbreviation for EEPROM), read-only optical disc (English full name compact disc-read only memory, English abbreviation for CD-ROM) or other disc
  • RAM random access memory
  • read-only memory English full name is read-only memory, English abbreviation for ROM
  • Electrical erasable programmable read-only memory English full name electrically programmable programmable read-only memory, English abbreviation for EEPROM
  • read-only optical disc English full name compact disc-read only memory, English abbreviation for CD-ROM
  • the computer readable medium may be a compact disc (English full name compact disk, abbreviated as CD), a laser disc, a disc, a digital video disc (English full name digital video disc, abbreviated as DVD), a floppy disk or a Blu-ray disc.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种缓存数据的方法，能够根据内容的流行度和缓存内容对网络带宽的影响确定内容的缓存位置，有助于节省网络的带宽。方法包括：第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备接收来自服务器的第一数据报文，第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，第一数据报文包括的缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值；第i转发设备确定第一数据报文中的缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益匹配时，缓存第一数据报文包括的第一内容，第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和第一内容的流行度计算生成。

Description

一缓存数据的方法及转发设备
本申请要求于2014年4月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN 201410163126.0、发明名称为“一种缓存数据的方法及转发设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术，尤其涉及一种缓存数据的方法及转发设备。
背景技术
内容中心网络(英文名称为content-centric network，英文缩写为CCN)中的路由器配置有缓存功能，能够对来自用户设备的请求进行快速响应，以节省CCN的带宽。例如：用户设备向内容递交路径(英文名称为content delivery path)上的路由器发送请求，内容递交路径为用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，内容递交路径包括至少一台路由器，服务器用以提供与请求对应的内容，请求中携带内容的名称。路由器包括用以缓存内容的内容存储器(英文全称为content store，英文缩写为CS)。路由器可根据内容的名称，若确定CS中缓存有内容，发送CS中缓存的内容至用户设备。若确定CS中未缓存内容，则在保存的待定兴趣表(英文全称为pending interest table，英文缩写为PIT)中查询是否存在与内容的名称对应的表项。若PIT中存在与内容的名称对应的表项，则添加接收请求的接口至PIT。若PIT中不存在与内容的名称对应的表项，则在PIT表中增加内容的名称对应的表项并向服务器请求内容。其中，路由器可根据缓存放置策略(英文名称为cache placement strategy)对来自服务器的内容进行缓存。
现有的cache placement strategy中，路径上的缓存策略(英文名称为on-path caching strategy)主要是根据内容的流行度(英文名称为popularity)来确定内容的缓存位置，内容的流行度可由预设时间内请求内容的次数表示，请求是对同一内容的请求，内容的缓存位置是缓存内容的路由器。例如：基于本地流行度的缓存(英文名称为local popularity based caching，英文缩写为LPBC)策略是路由器缓存流行度最高的内容。路由器根据LPBC策略进行缓存时，仅考虑内容的流行度，并未考虑缓存内容对网络的带宽的影响。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供涉及一种缓存数据的方法及转发设备，能够根据内容的流行度和缓存内容对网络带宽的影响确定内容的缓存位置，有助于节省网络的带宽。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案如下。
第一方面，提供了一种缓存数据的方法，所述方法包括：
第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备接收来自服务器的第一数据报文，所述第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备和所述服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为k，所述i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数，所述第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和所述第一内容的标识，所述缓存增益是所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
所述第i转发设备确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是否匹配，所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和所述第一内容的流行度计算生成，所述第一参数用以标识所述第i转发设备和所述服务器间传输所述第一内容所消耗的带宽；
所述第i转发设备确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益匹配时，所述第i转发设备缓存所述第一数据报文包括的所述第一内容。
在上述第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
所述第i转发设备确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益不匹配时，所述第i转发设备通过所述第一内容递交路径，发送所述第一数据报文至请求所述第一内容的设备，所述请求所述第一内容的设备为向所述第i转发设备发送第一请求报文的设备，所述第一请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容。
结合上述第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，还提供了第一方面的第二种可能实现的方式，所述第i转发设备接收来自服务器的第一数据报文之前，所述方法还包括：
所述第i转发设备接收第一请求报文，所述第一请求报文用于请求所述服 务器提供所述第一内容，所述第一请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第一请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第i-1转发设备为沿所述第一用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在所述第一内容递交路径的上一跳，所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
所述第i转发设备获得第二请求报文，所述第二请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第二请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至所述第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
所述第i转发设备沿所述第一内容递交路径，发送所述第二请求报文至下一跳，所述下一跳为沿所述第一用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在所述第一内容递交路径上的下一跳。
结合上述第一方面的第二种可能实现的方式，还提供了第一方面的第三种可能实现的方式，所述发送所述第二请求报文至下一跳之后，所述方法还包括：
所述第i转发设备接收来自第j转发设备的第三请求报文，所述第三请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容，所述第三请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第j转发设备为沿第二用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳，所述第二内容递交路径为所述第二用户设备和所述服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至所述第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至所述第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
存储所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识所述第j转发设备的参数。
结合上述第一方面的第三种可能实现的方式，还提供了第一方面的第四种可能实现的方式，所述缓存所述第一数据报文包括的所述第一内容之后，所述方法还包括：
所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益大于所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益时，所述第i转发设备获取第二数据报文，所述第二数据报文包括所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益、所述第一内容和所述第一内容的标识；
根据标识所述第j转发设备的参数，发送所述第二数据报文至所述第j转发设备。
结合上述第一方面的第二种可能实现的方式至第一方面的第四种可能实现的方式中任意一种可能实现的方式，还提供了第一方面的第五种可能实现的方式，所述第i转发设备获得第二请求报文之前，所述方法还包括：
所述第i转发设备计算所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益；或者
所述第i转发设备从控制器获取所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益，所述控制器被配置用于为所述第i转发设备计算所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
结合上述任意一种可能实现的方式，还提供了第一方面的第六种可能实现的方式，所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是第一内容的增益和第一内容的权重的乘积，所述第一内容的增益是所述第一参数、所述第一参数的权重、所述第一内容的流行度和所述第一内容的流行度的权重的乘积。
结合上述任意一种可能实现的方式，还提供了第一方面的第七种可能实现的方式，所述第i转发设备已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值时，所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是所述第一内容的增益与所述第一内容的权重之积减去第二内容的增益与所述第二内容的权重之积获得的差值，所述第一内容的增益是所述第一参数、所述第一参数的权重、所述第一内容的流行度和所述第一内容的流行度的权重的乘积，所述第二内容的增益是所述第二参数、所述第二参数的权重、所述第二内容的流行度和所述第二内容的流行度的权重的乘积，所述第二参数用以标识所述第i转发设备和提供所述第二内容的服务器间传输所述第二内容所消耗的带宽。
结合上述第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式或第七种可能的实现方式，所述缓存所述第一数据报文包括的所述第一内容包括：
所述第i转发设备确定已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值，从所述已缓存的内容中选择与所述第一内容的大小匹配的内容集；
用所述第一内容替换与所述第一内容的大小匹配的内容集。
第二方面，提供了一种转发设备，所述转发设备位于第一内容递交路径， 所述第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量是k，所述转发设备为第i转发设备，所述i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数，所述转发设备包括：
第二存储单元，用于存储所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益；
第一接收单元，用于接收来自所述服务器的第一数据报文，所述第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和所述第一内容的标识，所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益是所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值，所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和所述第一内容的流行度计算生成，所述第一参数用以标识所述第i转发设备和所述服务器间传输所述第一内容所消耗的带宽，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
第一控制单元，用于确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第二存储单元中存储的所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是否匹配；
第一存储单元，用于当所述第一控制单元确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第二存储单元中存储的所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益匹配时，缓存所述第一数据报文中的所述第一内容。
在上述第二方面的第一种可能实现的方式中，所述转发设备还包括：
第一发送单元，用于当所述第一控制单元确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第二存储单元中存储的所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益不匹配时，通过所述第一内容递交路径，发送所述第一数据报文至请求所述第一内容的设备，所述请求所述第一内容的设备为向所述第i转发设备发送第一请求报文的设备，所述第一请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容。
结合上述第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能实现的方式，还提供第二方面的第二种可能实现的方式，所述转发设备还包括：
第二接收单元，用于接收第一请求报文，所述第一请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容，所述第一请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第一请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第i-1转发设备为沿所述第一用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在所述第一内容递交路径的上一跳，所述第一内容递交路径上所述 第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
第一获取单元，用于获得第二请求报文，所述第二请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第二请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至所述第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
第二发送单元，用于沿所述第一内容递交路径，发送所述第二请求报文至下一跳，所述下一跳为沿所述第一用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的下一跳。
结合上述第二方面的第二种可能实现的方式，还提供第二方面的第三种可能实现的方式，所述转发设备还包括：
第三接收单元，用于接收来自第j转发设备的第三请求报文，所述第三请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容，所述第三请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第j转发设备为沿第二用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳，所述第二内容递交路径为所述第二用户设备和所述服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至所述第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至所述第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
第二控制单元，用于将所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识所述第j转发设备的参数存储于所述第二存储单元。
结合上述第二方面的第三种可能实现的方式，还提供第二方面的第四种可能实现的方式，所述转发设备还包括：
第二获取单元，用于当所述第二存储单元存储的所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益大于所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益时，获取第二数据报文，所述第二数据报文包括所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益、所述第一内容和所述第一内容的标识；
第三发送单元，用于根据所述第二存储单元存储的所述标识所述第j转发 设备的参数，发送所述第二数据报文至所述第j转发设备。
第三方面，提供了一种控制器，所述控制器与第一用户设备、服务器和第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备通信，第一内容递交路径为第一用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，所述控制器包括：
第一计算单元，用于为所述第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备计算第一内容的本地缓存增益，第i转发设备为所述第一内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备，所述第i转发设备的所述第一内容的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和所述第一内容的流行度计算生成，所述第一参数用以标识所述第i转发设备和所述服务器间传输所述第一内容所消耗的带宽；
第一获取单元，用于获取第一缓存增益，所述第一缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
第一发送单元，用于周期性向所述服务器发送所述第一缓存增益，周期性向第i转发设备发送所述第一内容的本地缓存增益。
在上述第三方面的第一种可能实现的方式中，所述控制器还包括：
第二计算单元，用于为第二内容递交路径上的每台转发设备计算第一内容的本地缓存增益，所述第二内容递交路径为第二用户设备和所述服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第二内容递交路径和所述第一内容递交路径间重合的路径为所述第i转发设备和所述服务器间的路径；
第二获取单元，用于获取第二缓存增益，所述第二缓存增益为所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应，所述第j转发设备为沿所述第二用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在所述第二内容递交路径的上一跳；
第二发送单元，用于周期性向所述第i转发设备发送所述第二缓存增益。
通过上述方案，内容递交路径上的第i转发设备在第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益与接收到的第一数据报文中的缓存增益匹配时，缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。通过第一数据报文中的缓存增益，使得第一数据报文中的第一内容缓存在第一内容递交路径上第一内容对应的最大的本地缓存增益的转发设备上，比如第i转发设备，实现了根据内容的流行度和缓存内容对网 络带宽的影响确定内容的缓存位置。第i转发设备上第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值，第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益的计算考虑了第i转发设备和服务器间的带宽因素，当第i转发设备缓存第一内容时，有助于进一步节省网络带宽。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种部署场景示意图。
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种请求报文的发送方法流程图。
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种请求报文的发送方法流程图。
图4为本发明实施例提供的另一种部署场景示意图。
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种请求报文的发送方法流程图。
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种缓存增益的获取方法流程图。
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种缓存数据的方法流程图。
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种数据报文的发送方法流程图。
图9为本发明实施例提供的一种转发设备的结构示意图。
图10为本发明实施例提供的一种转发设备的结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例提供的一种转发设备的结构示意图。
图12为本发明实施例提供的一种控制器的结构示意图。
图13为本发明实施例提供的一种转发设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1给出了一个具体部署实例，该网络环境中包括至少三台用户设备102、 104和106，以及CCN和至少一台用以提供内容的服务器120。CCN中包括多台转发设备112、114、116和118。转发设备可以是路由器或交换机等具有处理报文和转发报文能力的网络设备。用户设备102与CCN中的转发设备112通信。用户设备104与CCN中的转发设备118通信。用户设备106与CCN中的转发设备116通信。转发设备112分别连接转发设备114和118。转发设备114分别连接转发设备112、116和服务器120。该网络环境中包括多条内容递交路径。本发明的下述实施例中，将用户设备102与服务器120之间的报文传输路径作为第一内容递交路径，进行相关举例说明。当然，该网络环境中的任意一条内容递交路径均可作为第一内容递交路径，在下述实施例中不再逐一举例说明。
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种请求报文的发送方法流程图。下面从第一内容递交路径上第i转发设备的角度，对图2所示请求报文的发送方法进行详细介绍。第一内容递交路径为第一用户设备102与服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上传输请求报文的方向为第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向。第一内容递交路径上转发设备的数量为k。第i转发设备为第一内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备。i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数。服务器120用以提供第一用户设备102所请求的第一内容。该方法包括下述操作。
201，第i转发设备接收来自第一用户设备102的第一请求报文，第一请求报文包括缓存增益和第一内容的标识。第一请求报文用于请求服务器120提供第一内容。来自第一用户设备102的第一请求报文中的缓存增益是预设值。
举例来说，第一内容递交路径可以是根据路由信息协议(RIP)、开放式最短路径优先协议(OSPF)或流量工程(TE)规划的路径。第一内容递交路径用以传输第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文，例如数据报文、请求报文。数据报文为服务器120发送的用以携带第一内容的报文。第一内容的标识可以是第一内容的名称或者第一内容对应的统一资源定位符(英文全称为Uniform Resource Locator，英文缩写为URL)。
202，第i转发设备获得第二请求报文，第二请求报文包括缓存增益和第一内容的标识。第二请求报文中的缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。
第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。例如，第i转发设备有多个本地缓存增益，每个本地缓存增益对应某个内容的标识。以图1为例，假定第i转发设备为转发设备114，转发设备112的与第一内容标识对应的本地缓存增益与转发设备114的与第一内容标识对应的本地缓存增益中的最大值为第二请求报文中的缓存增益。
举例来说，第i转发设备可以用第一内容的本地缓存增益替换第一请求报文中的缓存增益以形成第二请求报文。或者，第i转发设备可以生成第二请求报文，第二请求报文中包括第一内容的本地缓存增益和第一内容的标识。第一内容的本地缓存增益为第i转发设备上第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
第i转发设备根据内容的增益的计算公式，周期性地生成内容的增益。第i转发设备上内容的增益的计算公式可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000001
公式(1)中，i用以标识第i转发设备。m用以标识内容。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000002
用以标识第i转发设备上m的增益。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000003
用以标识第i转发设备上m的流行度。α用以标识
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000004
的权重，α为根据
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000005
在计算
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000006
中的重要性设置的系数。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000007
用以标识第i转发设备和提供m的服务器120间传输m包括的单位内容所消耗的带宽。β用以标识
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000008
的权重，β为根据
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000009
在计算
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000010
中的重要性设置的系数。sm用以标识m包括的单位内容的数量。λ用以标识sm的权重，λ为根据sm在计算
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000011
中的重要性设置的系数。α、β和λ的数值大于0。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000012
和sm的乘积可用以标识第i转发设备和提供m的服务器120间传输m所消耗的带宽。其中，单位内容可以是以分组为单位的内容，可以是以文件为单位的内容，还可以是以比特(英文名称为bit)为单位的内容。
举例来说，α、β和λ的数值均为1，m1用以标识第一用户设备102所请求的第一内容，第i转发设备依据第一参数和
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000013
生成m1的增益。第一参数为
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000014
和
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000015
的乘积。第一参数用以标识第i转发设备和服务器120间传输m1所需消耗的带宽。第一参数可用第一内容递交路径上第i转发设备和服务器120间的跳数表示。或者，第一参数可用第一内容递交路径上第i转发设备与服务器120间多跳链路的权重之和表示。每跳链路的权重可以是每跳链路的带宽的反比，或者是依据网络优化的需求所预先设置的参数。或者，第一参 数可用第一内容递交路径上第i转发设备和服务器120间传输第一内容产生的传输时延表示。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000016
可以用预设时间内第i转发设备接收到的请求报文的个数表示。第i转发设备接收到的请求报文包括第一内容的标识m1。或者，
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000017
可以表示为预设时间内第i转发设备接收到的请求报文的个数与加权值计算的结果。预设时间内第i转发设备接收到的请求报文的个数与加权值计算的方法包括：根据用户的等级或重要性，为请求第一内容的用户设备设置用户的权重值。将用户设备发送的请求报文的个数与用户的权重值的乘积作为
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000018
例如：若第一用户设备102的用户的权重值是2，第一用户设备102向第i转发设备发送一个用以请求第一内容的报文，第i转发设备上统计的第一内容的流行度增加的数值为2。若第一用户设备102的用户的权重值是1，第一用户设备102向第i转发设备发送一个用以请求第一内容的报文，第i转发设备上统计的第一内容的流行度增加的数值为1。
第i转发设备在接收到第一请求报文前或接收到第一请求报文时，可根据生成的第一内容的增益获得第一内容的本地缓存增益。或者第i转发设备根据第一内容的增益周期性地获得第一内容的本地缓存增益。或者第i转发设备根据接收到的指令获得本地缓存增益。其中，第一内容的本地缓存增益为与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
举例来说，第i转发设备已缓存的内容所占的存储空间未达到预定的阈值，第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益可以为第一内容的增益和第一内容的权重的乘积。预定的阈值用以标识第i转发设备上用以缓存内容的存储空间的容量。第一内容的权重用以标识第一内容的增益在计算第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益中的重要性。第一内容的权重的数值大于0。第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益的计算公式可表示为：
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000019
公式(2)中，LocalGain用以标识第一内容的本地缓存增益。γ用以标识
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000020
的权重。γ为根据第一内容的增益在计算LocalGain中的重要性所设置的系数。γ的数值可以大于0。i用以标识第i转发设备。m1用以标识第一用户设备102所请求的第一内容。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000021
用以标识第i转发设备上第一内容的增益。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000022
可采用上述公式(1)计算生成。
举例来说，第i转发设备已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值，可采用上述公式(2)计算，还可采用下述公式(3)计算。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000023
公式(3)中，LocalGain用以标识本地缓存增益。i用以标识第i转发设备。m1用以标识第一用户设备102所请求的第一内容。m2用以标识第i转发设备上已缓存的第二内容。第二内容可以是第i转发设备已缓存的内容中内容的增益最小的内容。γ用以标识m1的权重。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000024
用以标识第i转发设备上第一内容的增益。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000025
可采用公式(1)计算生成。δ用以标识m2的权重。δ为根据第二内容的增益在计算LocalGain中的重要性所设置的系数。δ的数值可以大于0。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000026
用以标识第i转发设备上第二内容的增益。
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000027
可采用公式(1)计算生成。
举例来说，第i转发设备可在获得第二请求报文之前或之后，生成第一内容对应的PIT表项。PIT表项包括第一内容的标识、第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益、标识第一用户设备102的参数和第一请求报文中的缓存增益。其中，标识第一用户设备102的参数可以是第一用户设备102的地址，或者是第i转发设备接收第一请求报文的接口的标识。第一请求报文中的缓存增益与标识第一用户设备102的参数对应。
203，第i转发设备沿第一内容递交路径，发送第二请求报文至下一跳。
举例来说，第i转发设备可根据预先配置的转发信息库(英文全称为forwarding information base，英文缩写为FIB)包括的下一跳的信息发送第二请求报文。FIB包括第一内容的标识和下一跳。203中的下一跳为沿第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向上第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径的下一跳。203中的下一跳是服务器120或第i+1转发设备。第i+1转发设备位于第一内容递交路径上第i转发设备和服务器120间。FIB中的下一跳可以是第i转发设备连接下一跳的接口的标识或第i转发设备的地址。
上述实施例中，第i转发设备从第一请求报文中的缓存增益和第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益中选择一个较大值。第i转发设备将选择的较大值作为第二请求报文中的缓存增益。第i转发设备通过第一内容递交路径发送第二请求报文。第一内容递交路径上任意一台转发设备均可按照上述实施例的方法，将接收到的请求报文中的缓存增益和第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益进行比较和替换处理，使得服务器120通过来自第一内容递交路径的请求报文，获得第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种请求报文的发送方法流程图。下面从第一内容递交路径和第二内容递交路径所共有的第i转发设备的角度，对图3所示请求报文的发送方法进行详细介绍。第一内容递交路径为第一用户设备102与服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上传输请求报文的方向为第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向。第一内容递交路径上转发设备的数量为k。第二内容递交路径为第二用户设备104与服务器120间的报文传输路径。第二内容递交路径上传输请求报文的方向为第二用户设备104至服务器120的方向。第二内容递交路径和第一内容递交路径存在重合的路径，即第i转发设备至服务器120间的路径为重合的路径，i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数。该方法包括下述操作。
301，第i转发设备接收来自第一内容递交路径的第一请求报文，第一请求报文包括缓存增益和第一内容的标识。第一请求报文用于请求服务器120提供第一内容。
举例来说，第i转发设备接收到的第一请求报文来自第一用户设备102，第一请求报文中的缓存增益是预设值。第i转发设备接收到的第一请求报文来自第i-1转发设备，第一请求报文中的缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存与第一内容的标识对应。第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备包括第i-1转发设备。第i-1转发设备是沿第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径的上一跳。第i-1转发设备可采用上述公式(2)或上述公式(3)计算第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
302，第i转发设备获得第二请求报文，第二请求报文包括缓存增益和第一内容的标识。第二请求报文中的缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。
302中获得第二请求报文的方法与图2所示202中获得第二请求报文的方法相同。302中第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。
第i转发设备可依据上述公式(1)周期性地生成第一内容的增益。第i 转发设备已缓存的内容未达到预定的阈值，第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益可以为第一内容的增益和第一内容的权重的乘积，即第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益可采用公式(2)计算。第i转发设备已缓存的内容达到预定的阈值，第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益可采用公式(2)计算。或者，第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益为第一内容的增益和第二内容的增益的差值，即第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益可采用公式(3)计算。第i转发设备上存储有第二内容的增益。第二内容是第i转发设备上已缓存的内容中内容的增益最小的内容。
举例来说，第i转发设备可在获得第二请求报文之前或之后，生成第一内容对应的PIT表项。PIT表项包括第一内容的标识、第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益、第一请求报文中的缓存增益和标识发送第一请求报文的设备的参数。标识发送第一请求报文的设备的参数可以是发送第一请求报文的设备的地址，或者是第i转发设备接收第一请求报文的接口的标识。发送第一请求报文的设备可以是第一用户设备102或第i-1转发设备。
303，第i转发设备沿第一内容递交路径，发送第二请求报文至下一跳。
303中发送第二请求报文的方法与图2所示203中发送第二请求报文的方法相同。
304，第i转发设备接收第二内容递交路径的第j转发设备发送的第三请求报文。第三请求报文包括缓存增益和第一内容的标识。第三请求报文中的缓存增益为第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。
第j转发设备为沿第二用户设备104至服务器120的方向第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳。第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备间所有转发设备包括第j转发设备。第二内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备可采用公式(2)或公式(3)计算第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。第二内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备可按照图2对应的实施例提供的方法发送请求报文。
305，第i转发设备保存第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识第j转发设备的参数。
举例来说，第i转发设备可在第三请求报文中的缓存增益大于第一内容的 标识对应的本地缓存增益时，保存第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识第j转发设备的参数。标识第i转发设备的参数可以为第j转发设备的地址或接收第三请求报文的接口标识。第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识第i转发设备的参数对应。具体地，第i转发设备可对PIT表项进行扩展，将第三请求报文中的缓存增益和接收第三请求报文的接口的标识写入第一内容对应的PIT表项中。
举例来说，第i转发设备还可在第三请求报文中的缓存增益小于或等于第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益时，存储标识第j转发设备的参数，或者存储第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识第j转发设备的参数。
上述实施例中，第i转发设备将接收到的第一请求报文中的缓存增益和第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益中的较大值携带在第二请求报文中。第i转发设备通过第一内容递交路径发送第二请求报文。第i转发设备在沿第一内容递交路径发送了第二请求报文之后，再接收到来自第二内容递交路径的用以请求第一内容的第三请求报文，第i转发设备不会再向服务器120发送请求第一内容的请求报文，有助于降低服务器120的负担。
为了更加清楚描述上述请求报文的发送方法，下面结合图1，对图2和图3所示请求报文的发送方法进行举例说明。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为2。第一内容递交路径上包括第一转发设备112和第二转发设备114。第一用户设备102与第一转发设备112通信。第一转发设备112连接第二转发设备114。第二转发设备114与服务器120通信。服务器120可提供第一内容。第二内容递交路径是第二用户设备104和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第二内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为3。
第一转发设备112接收来自第一用户设备102的第一请求报文，第一请求报文包括第一内容的标识m1和预设缓存增益。预设缓存增益的数值为0。第一转发设备112已缓存的内容所占的存储空间未达到预定的阈值，可采用公式(2)计算LocalGain。例如：第一转发设备112上第一内容的流行度
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000028
为100。第一转发设备112至服务器120间的跳数为2。第一内容的大小
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000029
为1。第一内容的权重γ、
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000030
的权重α、
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000031
的权重β和
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000032
的权重λ均为1。第一转发设备112的LocalGain的数值为200。
第一转发设备112确定第一请求报文中的预设缓存增益小于第一转发设备112的LocalGain，第一转发设备112用第一转发设备112的LocalGain替 换第一请求报文中的预设缓存增益，获得第二请求报文。第二请求报文中的缓存增益的数值为200。第二请求报文中的缓存增益表示第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第一转发设备112间所有转发设备的LocalGain的最大值。第一转发设备112发送第二请求报文至第二转发设备114。第一转发设备112存储第一请求报文中的预设增益值和接收第一请求报文的接口的标识。
第二转发设备114接收来自第一转发设备112的第二请求报文，第二请求报文包括缓存增益和m1。第二请求报文中的缓存增益的数值为200。第二转发设备114已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值，可采用公式(2)或公式(3)计算LocalGain。例如：第二转发设备114上第一内容的增益
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000033
的数值为220。第二转发设备114上第二内容的增益
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000034
的数值为50。若采用公式(2)计算第二转发设备114的LocalGain，第二转发设备114的LocalGain为
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000035
即第二转发设备114的LocalGain的数值为220。若采用公式(3)计算第二转发设备114的LocalGain，第二转发设备114的LocalGain是
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000036
和
Figure PCTCN2015075788-appb-000037
的差值，即第二转发设备114的LocalGain的数值为170。
若第二转发设备114的LocalGain采用公式(2)计算，第二转发设备114确定第二请求报文中的缓存增益小于第二转发设备114的LocalGain，第二转发设备114用第二转发设备114的LocalGain替换第二请求报文中的缓存增益，获得第三请求报文。第三请求报文中的缓存增益的数值为220。若第二转发设备114的LocalGain采用公式(3)计算，第二转发设备114确定第二请求报文中的缓存增益大于第二转发设备114的LocalGain，第二转发设备114将第二请求报文作为第三请求报文进行发送。第三请求报文中的缓存增益的数值为200。
第二转发设备114发送第三请求报文至服务器120。这样，服务器120接收到的请求报文中的缓存增益即为第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的LocalGain中的最大值。第二转发设备114存储第二请求报文中的缓存增益和接收第二请求报文的接口的标识。
图1所示的网络场景还包括第二内容递交路径。第二内容递交路径上包括第一转发设备112、第二转发设备114和第四转发设备118。第二用户设备104和第四转发设备118通信。第四转发设备118连接第一转发设备112。第一转发设备112连接第二转发设备114。第二转发设备114与服务器120通信 120。第一内容递交路径和第二内容递交路径存在重合的路径，即第一转发设备112经第二转发设备114至服务器120的路径为重合的路径。
第四转发设备118接收来自第二用户设备104的第四请求报文，第四请求报文包括m1和预设缓存增益。预设缓存增益的数值为0。第四转发设备118已缓存的内容所占的存储空间未达到预定的阈值，可采用公式(2)计算LocalGain。例如：第四转发设备118的LocalGain的数值为300。第四转发设备118用LocalGain替换第四请求报文中的预设缓存增益，获得第五请求报文。第五请求报文中的缓存增益的数值为300。
第一转发设备112在发送了第二请求报文后，接收到第二内容递交路径的第四转发设备118的第五请求报文。第一转发设备112不再向服务器120发送请求报文，存储第五请求报文中的缓存增益和接收第五请求报文的接口的标识。
图4为本发明实施例提供的另一种部署场景示意图。该网络环境中包括至少三台用户设备102、104和106，以及CCN和至少一台用以提供内容的服务器120。CCN中包括控制器130，多台转发设备112、114、116和118。转发设备可以是路由器或交换机等具有处理报文和转发报文能力的网络设备。控制器130与服务器120，转发设备112、114、116和118通信。用户设备102与CCN中的转发设备112通信。用户设备104与CCN中的转发设备118通信。用户设备106与CCN中的转发设备116通信。转发设备112分别连接转发设备114和118。转发设备114分别连接转发设备112、116和服务器120。该网络环境中包括多条内容递交路径。控制器130为每台转发设备计算其自身的第一内容对应的LocalGain，并将一条内容递交路径上所有转发设备的LocalGain中的最大值发送给服务器120，相较于图1所示场景，减少了转发设备的负担。当然，控制器130还可从每台转发设备获取由转发设备计算的第一内容对应的LocalGain，并将一条内容递交路径上所有转发设备的LocalGain中的最大值发送给服务器120。本发明的下述实施例中，将用户设备102与服务器120之间的报文传输路径作为第一内容递交路径，进行相关举例说明。
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种请求报文的发送方法流程图。下面结合图4，从第一内容递交路径上第i转发设备的角度，对图5所示请求报文的发送方法进行详细介绍。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120 间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上传输请求报文的方向为第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为k。i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数。该方法包括下述操作。
501，第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备接收控制器130发送的第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益可由控制器130计算生成。控制器130可采用公式(2)或公式(3)计算第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。第i转发设备可通过来自控制器130的报文，获取第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
502，第i转发设备将来自上一跳的请求报文发送给下一跳，请求报文包括第一内容的标识。
举例来说，502的上一跳为第一用户设备102或第i-1转发设备。第i-1转发设备为沿第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向上第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径的上一跳。502的下一跳为服务器120或第i+1转发设备。第i+1转发设备为沿第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向上第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的下一跳。
举例来说，第i转发设备可从控制器130获取标识上一跳的参数。或者，第i转发设备通过接收请求报文的接口获取标识上一跳的参数。标识上一跳的参数是上一跳的地址或接收请求报文的接口的标识。
503，第i转发设备存储第一内容的标识、第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益和标识上一跳的参数。
上述实施例中，501可先于502执行，也可在502和503之间执行，还可以与502同时执行。
上述实施例中，第i转发设备可从控制器130获取第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益，在减少了转发设备的负担的同时，还能够节省带宽的消耗。
可选地，502之后，数据报文的发送方法还包括：第i转发设备存储控制器130发送的第二缓存增益和标识第j转发设备的参数。第二缓存增益为第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第二内容递交路径为第二用户设备104和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径和第二内容递交路径存在重合的路径，即第i转发设备至服务器120间的路径为重合的路径。第j转发设备为沿第二 用户设备104至服务器120的方向上第i设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳。第二用户设备104和第j转发设备间所有转发设备包括第j转发设备。第二内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备的本地缓存增益可由控制器130根据公式(2)或公式(3)计算生成。第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。第二内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备可按照501至503的方法发送请求报文。
上述实施例中，第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备存储第二缓存增益，可在向第j转发设备发送第一数据报文时，用第二缓存增益替换第一数据报文中的缓存增益。这样，第i转发设备转发第一内容至第二内容递交路径时，第二缓存增益与自身的第一内容的本地缓存增益匹配的转发设备缓存第一内容，以动态调整第一内容的缓存位置。第一内容的本地缓存增益为与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种缓存增益的获取方法流程图。下面结合图4，从控制器130的角度，对图6所示缓存增益的获取方法进行详细介绍。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为k。i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数。该方法包括下述操作。
601，控制器130获取第一缓存增益，第一缓存增益为第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。
控制器130可为第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备计算该转发设备的本地缓存增益。该转发设备的本地缓存增益为该转发设备上与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。例如：控制器130可周期性从第i转发设备获取计算第一内容的增益所需的第一内容的流行度。控制器130可采用公式(2)或公式(3)，周期性计算第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。第i转发设备是第一内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备。控制器130可根据第一内容递交路径上每台转发设备的本地缓存增益，获取第一缓存增益。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。
602，控制器130周期性向服务器120发送第一缓存增益，周期性向第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备发送本地缓存增益。
控制器130周期性向第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备发送的本地缓 存增益与接收本地缓存增益的转发设备对应。该本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。
可选地，第二内容递交路径与第一内容递交路径存在重合的路径，重合的路径为第i转发设备至服务器120间的路径。602之后，本发明实施例提供的缓存增益的获取方法还包括：
603，控制器130周期性向第i转发设备发送第二缓存增益，第二缓存增益为第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。
举例来说，控制器130可采用601中的方法获取第二缓存增益。第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。可选地，控制器130可在向服务器130发送了第一缓存增益之后，发送第二缓存增益。
上述实施例中，控制器130向第一内容递交路径上每台转发设备发送转发设备对应的本地缓存增益，有助于每台转发设备在本地缓存增益和第一数据报文中的缓存增益匹配时缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。另外，控制器130还下发第第二缓存增益至第i转发设备，第i转发设备转发第一内容至第二内容递交路径时，可用第二缓存增益替换第一数据报文中的缓存增益。这样，第二内容递交路径上本地缓存增益与第二的缓存增益匹配的转发设备缓存第一内容，以动态调整第一内容的缓存位置。
为了更加清楚描述上述请求报文的发送方法，下面结合图4，对图5所示请求报文的发送方法进行举例说明。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为2。第一内容递交路径上包括第一转发设备112和第二转发设备114。第一用户设备102与第一转发设备112通信。第一转发设备112连接第二转发设备114。第二转发设备114与服务器120通信。服务器120可提供第一内容。
第二内容递交路径是第二用户设备104和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第二内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为3。第二内容递交路径上包括第一转发设备112、第二转发设备114和第四转发设备118。第二用户设备104和第四转发设备118通信。第四转发设备118连接第一转发设备112。第一转发设备112连接第二转发设备114。第二转发设备114与服务器120通信。第一内容递交路径和第二内容递交路径存在重合的路径，即第一转发设备112经 第二转发设备114至服务器120的路径为重合的路径。
控制器130计算获得的第一转发设备112的LocalGain的数值为200，并发送第一转发设备112的LocalGain和第一用户设备102的地址至第一转发设备112。控制器130计算获得的第二转发设备114的LocalGain的数值为170，并发送第二转发设备114的LocalGain和第一转发设备112的地址至第二转发设备114。控制器130计算获得的第四转发设备118的LocalGain的数值为300，并发送第四转发设备118的LocalGain和第四转发设备118的的地址至第一转发设备112和第四转发设备118。
第一转发设备112将来自第一用户设备102的第一请求报文发送至第二转发设备114，第一请求报文包括第一内容的标识。第一转发设备112存储来自控制器130的第一转发设备112的LocalGain、第一用户设备102的地址和第一内容的标识。第一转发设备112还存储来自控制器130的第四转发设备118的LocalGain、第四转发设备118的地址和第一内容的标识。
第二转发设备114将来自第一转发设备112的第一请求报文发送至服务器120。第二转发设备114存储来自控制器130的第二转发设备114的LocalGain、第一转发设备112的地址和第一内容的标识。
第四转发设备118将来自第二用户设备104的第二请求报文发送至第一转发设备112，第二请求报文包括第一内容的标识。第四转发设备118存储来自控制器130的第四转发设备118的LocalGain、第二用户设备104的地址和第一内容的标识。
为了减轻服务器120的负担，第一转发设备112发送第一请求报文后接收到第二请求报文，不再向服务器120发送请求报文。第一转发设备112可对存储的第四转发设备118的LocalGain和第四转发设备118的地址进行存储，以便向第四转发设备118发送来自服务器120的第一内容。
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种缓存数据的方法流程图。下面结合图1和图4，从第一内容递交路径上第i转发设备的角度对图7所示缓存数据的方法进行详细介绍。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上传输数据报文的方向为服务器120至第一用户设备102的方向。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文传输路径第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为k，i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数。该方法包括下述操作。
701，第i转发设备接收来自上一跳的第一数据报文。第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和第一内容的标识。第一数据报文用以向第一用户设备发送第一内容。第一数据报文中的缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值。
举例来说，701中的上一跳为服务器120或第i+1转发设备。第i+1转发设备是沿服务器120至第一用户设备102的方向上第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径的上一跳。第一数据报文可以是CCN的数据包(英文名称为data packet)形式的报文。第一数据报文中的缓存增益可以是图2和图3对应实施例提供的方法发送给服务器120，还可以是图5和图6对应实施例中提供的方法发送给服务器120。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。
702，第i转发设备确定第一数据报文中的缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益匹配，缓存第一内容。
举例来说，匹配可以是路径上的缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益相同，还可以是路径上的缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益的差值在预设范围内。
举例来说，第i转发设备缓存第一内容包括：若第i转发设备已缓存的内容所占的存储空间未达到预定的阈值，直接缓存第一内容。若第i转发设备已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值，第i转发设备从已缓存的内容中选择与第一内容的大小匹配的内容集，用第一内容替换与第一内容的大小匹配的内容集。其中，内容集包括已缓存的内容中增益最小的内容。
可选地，第i转发设备确定第一数据报文中的缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益不匹配时，第i转发设备通过第一内容递交路径，发送第一数据报文至请求第一内容的设备，请求第一内容的设备为向第i转发设备发送第一请求报文的设备。举例来说，第i转发设备可根据接收第一请求报文的接口的标识，转发第一数据报文。
上述实施例中，第一内容递交路径上的转发设备在自身的本地缓存增益和第一数据报文中的缓存增益匹配时，缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。这样，第一数据报文中的第一内容能够缓存在第一内容递交路径上具有最大的本地缓存增益的转发设备上，比如第i转发设备，实现了根据内容的流行度和内容缓存位置对网络带宽的影响确定内容缓存位置。
为了更加清楚描述上述缓存数据的方法，下面结合图1和图4，对图7所示缓存数据的方法进行举例说明。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为k，k＝2。第一内容递交路径上包括第一转发设备112和第二转发设备114。第一用户设备102与第一转发设备112通信。第一转发设备112连接第二转发设备114。第二转发设备114与服务器120通信。服务器120可提供第一内容。
在第二转发设备114采用公式(2)计算LocalGain时，服务器120发送的第一数据报文中的缓存增益是第二转发设备114的LocalGain，即路径上的缓存增益的数值为220。服务器120发送第一数据报文至第二转发设备114，第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和第一内容的标识。第二转发设备114接收来自服务器120的第一数据报文。第二转发设备114确定第二转发设备114的LocalGain等于路径上的缓存增益，缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。由于第二转发设备114已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值，第二转发设备114用第一内容替换已缓存的第二内容。第二转发设备114可根据接收请求报文的接口的标识，发送第一数据报文至第一转发设备112。第一转发设备112接收来自第二转发设备114的第一数据报文。第一转发设备112的LocalGain为200。第一转发设备112确定第一转发设备112的LocalGain小于第一数据报文中的缓存增益，不缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。第一转发设备112根据接收请求报文的接口的标识，发送第一数据报文至第一用户设备102。
在第二转发设备114采用公式(3)计算LocalGain时，服务器120发送的第一数据报文中的缓存增益是第一转发设备112的LocalGain，即路径上的缓存增益的数值为200。服务器120发送第一数据报文至第二转发设备114，第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和第一内容的标识。第二转发设备114接收来自服务器120的第一数据报文。第二转发设备112的LocalGain为170。第二转发设备114确定第二转发设备114的LocalGain小于路径上的缓存增益，不缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。第二转发设备114根据接收请求报文的接口的标识，发送第一数据报文至第一转发设备112。由于第二转发设备114已缓存的内容所在的存储空间达到预定的阈值，在计算第二转发设备114的LocalGain时考虑了替换已缓存的第二内容所带来的增益损失，使得第二 转发设备114无需缓存第一内容，减少了第二转发设备114频繁地缓存操作。第一转发设备112接收来自第二转发设备114的第一数据报文。第一数据报文中的缓存增益为200。第一转发设备112的LocalGain为200。第一转发设备112确定第一转发设备112的LocalGain和第一数据报文中的缓存增益相同，缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。第一转发设备112根据接收请求报文的接口的标识，发送第一数据报文至第一用户设备102。第一转发设备112缓存了第一内容，若第一转发设备112再接收到用以请求第一内容的请求报文，则将缓存的第一内容发送至请求第一内容的设备，无需再从服务器120获取第一内容，节省了第一转发设备112和服务器120之间的带宽。
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种数据报文的发送方法流程图。下面从第一内容递交路径和第二内容递交路径所共有的第i转发设备的角度，对图8所示数据报文的发送方法进行详细介绍。第一内容递交路径为第一用户设备102与服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上传输数据报文的方向为服务器120至第一用户设备102的方向。第二内容递交路径为第二用户设备104与服务器120间的报文传输路径。第二内容递交路径上传输数据报文的方向为服务器120至第二用户设备104的方向。第二内容递交路径和第一内容递交路径存在重合的路径，即第i转发设备至服务器120间的路径为重合的路径，i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数，k为第一内容递交路径上转发设备的数量。第i转发设备上第一内容的标识对应的缓存增益与第一数据报文中的缓存增益匹配时或者不匹配时均会执行图8所示的方法。该方法包括下述操作。
801，第i转发设备获取存储的第b增益和标识发送请求报文的设备的参数。
举例来说，第b增益为第一缓存增益时，标识发送请求报文的设备的参数是发送请求报文的设备的地址或接收请求报文的接口的标识。发送请求报文的设备是第一用户设备102或第i-1转发设备。第一缓存增益与第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。第i-1转发设备是沿第一用户设备102至服务器120方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径的上一跳，还是沿服务器120至第一用户设备102方向第i转发设备在第一内容 递交路径的下一跳。第i转发设备接收来自第一用户设备102的请求报文的接口用以标识第i转发设备。第i转发设备接收来自第i-1设备的请求报文的接口用以标识第i-1转发设备。
举例来说，第b增益为第二缓存增益时，标识发送请求报文的设备的参数是第j转发设备的地址或连接第j转发设备的接口的标识。第二缓存增益是第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备104至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。第j转发设备是沿第二用户设备104至服务器120方向第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳，还是沿服务器120至第二用户设备104方向第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的下一跳。
举例来说，第i转发设备可从第一内容对应的PIT表项中获取第b增益和标识发送请求报文的设备的参数。标识发送请求报文的设备的参数和第b增益对应。
802，第i转发设备比较第b增益与第一数据报文中的缓存增益的大小，在第b增益大于第一数据报文中的缓存增益时，执行803，否则执行804。
举例来说，第b增益为第一缓存增益时，第b增益小于等于第一数据报文中的缓存增益，均执行804。第b增益为第二缓存增益时，第b增益小于或等于第一数据报文中的缓存增益时执行804，第b增益大于第一数据报文中的缓存增益时执行803。
803，第i转发设备获取第二数据报文，并通过第二内容递交路径发送第二数据报文。
举例来说，第i转发设备可以用第b增益替换第一数据报文中的缓存增益以形成第二数据报文。或者，第i转发设备可以生成第二数据报文，第二数据报文中包括第b增益、第一内容和第一内容的标识。
举例来说，第j转发设备是沿第二用户设备104至服务器120方向第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳，还是沿服务器120至第二用户设备104方向第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的下一跳。第i转发设备可根据存储的标识第j转发设备的参数，通过第二内容递交路径，向第j转发设备发送第二数据报文。
804，第i转发设备发送第一数据报文至请求第一内容的设备。
举例来说，第i转发设备可沿第一内容递交路径和第二内容递交路径发送第一数据报文。请求第一内容的设备为第一用户设备102、第i-1转发设备或第j转发设备。沿第一用户设备102至服务器120方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径的上一跳是第一用户设备102时，第i转发设备依据存储的标识第一用户设备102的参数，通过第一内容递交路径，向第一用户设备102发送第一数据报文。第i转发设备向第i-1转发设备和第j转发设备发送第一数据报文的方法与向第一用户设备102发送第一数据报文的方法相同。
上述实施例中，第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备在转发来自服务器120的第一数据报文时，在存储的第b增益大于第一数据报文中的缓存增益时，根据第b增益获取第二数据报文。第i转发设备向第二内容递交路径上的转发设备发送第二数据报文，有助于第二内容递交路径上的转发设备缓存第一内容。上述实施例实现了在第一内容的流行度和网络带宽这两个因素发生改变时，动态调整第一内容的缓存位置，有助于进一步节省网络的带宽。
可选地，第i转发设备在执行了发送第一数据报文和/或第二数据报文的操作后，可清除存储的第一内容的标识、第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益、第b增益、和标识发送请求报文的设备的参数。举例来说，第i转发设备可清除第一内容对应的PIT表项。
为了更加清楚描述上述数据报文的发送方法，下面结合图1和图4，对图8所示数据报文的发送方法进行举例说明。服务器120可提供第一内容。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为k，k＝2。第一内容递交路径上包括第一转发设备112和第二转发设备114。第二内容递交路径是第二用户设备104和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第二内容递交路径上包括第四转发设备118、第一转发设备112和第二转发设备114。第三内容递交路径是第三用户设备106和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第三内容递交路径上包括第三转发设备116、第一转发设备112和第二转发设备114。
若第二转发设备114采用公式(3)计算LocalGain，服务器120发送的第一数据报文中的缓存增益为200。服务器120发送第一数据报文至第二转发设备114。第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和第一内容的标识。第二转发设备114接收来自服务器120的第一数据报文。第二转发设备114的LocalGain为170。第二转发设备114确定第二转发设备114的LocalGain小 于第一数据报文中的缓存增益，发送第一数据报文至第一转发设备112。
第一转发设备112接收来自第二转发设备114的第一数据报文。第一转发设备112的LocalGain为200。第一转发设备112确定第一转发设备112的LocalGain和第一数据报文中的缓存增益相同，缓存第一内容的同时或之后，发送第一数据报文至第一用户设备102。第一转发设备112还存储缓存增益和第四转发设备118的地址。第一转发设备112存储的缓存增益缓存增益是第四转发设备118的LocalGain，数值是300。第一转发设备112确定存储的缓存增益大于第一数据报文中的缓存增益，获得包括存储的缓存增益的第二数据报文。第一转发设备112发送第二数据报文至第四转发设备118。第四转发设备118可根据第四转发设备118的LocalGain和第二数据报文中的缓存增益匹配，缓存第二数据报文中的第一内容。
第二转发设备114还存储有缓存增益和第三转发设备116的地址。第二转发设备114存储的缓存增益是第三转发设备116的LocalGain，数值是150。第二转发设备114确定存储的缓存增益小于第一数据报文中的缓存增益，发送第一数据报文至第三转发设备116。第三转发设备116可根据第三转发设备116的LocalGain与第一数据报文中的缓存增益不匹配，转发第一数据报文至第二用户设备104。
图9对应的实施例提供的转发设备可以为图1或图4所示网络场景中任意一条内容递交路径包括的转发设备。下面结合图1或图4，对图9所示转发设备进行详细说明。
图9对应的实施例提供的转发设备为第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备。第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备102和服务器120间的报文传输路径。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量是k。i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数。第i转发设备包括：第一接收单元901、第一控制单元902、第一存储单元903和第二存储单元904。第一接收单元901连接第一控制单元902。第一控制单元902连接第一存储单元903和第二存储单元904。
第一接收单元901用于接收来自服务器的第一数据报文。第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和第一内容的标识。第一数据报文中的缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存 增益根据第一参数和第一内容的流行度计算生成。第一参数用以标识第i转发设备和服务器间传输第一内容所消耗的带宽。
举例来说，第一接收单元901接收的第一数据报文可来自于第i转发设备连接的服务器120，还可来自于第i转发设备连接的第i+1转发设备。第i+1转发设备为沿第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的下一跳，还是沿服务器120至第一用户设备102的方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的上一跳。第一内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备接收到的数据报文与服务器120发送的数据报文相同。
第一控制单元902用于确定第一接收单元901接收到的第一数据报文中的缓存增益与第二存储单元904中第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是否匹配。其中，第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益可由第i转发设备计算生成，还可由控制器130计算生成。第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益可采用图2对应的实施例提供的公式(2)或公式(3)计算生成。
举例来说，第一控制单元902具体用于在第一存储单元903中已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值时，从已缓存的内容中选择与第一内容的大小匹配的内容集。第一控制单元902用第一内容替换内容集。内容集可包括已缓存的内容中内容的增益最小的内容。
第一存储单元903用于存储第一数据报文中的第一内容。
第二存储单元904用于存储第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
上述实施例中，第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备根据自身的本地缓存增益是否和第一数据报文中的缓存增益匹配，来确定是否缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。这样，第一数据报文中的第一内容能够缓存在第一内容递交路径上具有最大的本地缓存增益的转发设备上，比如第i转发设备，实现了根据内容的流行度和内容缓存位置对网络带宽的影响确定内容缓存位置。
可选地，第i转发设备还包括第一发送单元905。第一发送单元905用于第一控制单元902确定第一数据报文中的缓存增益与第二存储单元中存储的第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益不匹配时，通过第一内容递交路径，发送第一数据报文至请求第一内容的设备。请求第一内容的设备为向第i转发设备发送第一请求报文的设备。其中，向第i转发设备发送第一请求报文的设备为沿第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的上一跳。上一跳为第一用户设备102或第i-1转发设备。
图10对应的实施例提供的转发设备是在图9对应的实施例提供的转发设备的基础上，增加了用于发送请求报文的结构。下面结合图9，对图10所示的转发设备进行详细说明，具体如下：
图10对应的实施例提供的转发设备为第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备。第i转发设备包括：第一接收单元901、第一控制单元902、第一存储单元903、第二存储单元904、第二接收单元911、第一获取单元912和第二发送单元913。其中，第一接收单元901、第一控制单元902、第一存储单元903和第二存储单元904与图9对应的实施例中的相应结构相同，在此不再赘述。第二接收单元911连接第一获取单元912。第一获取单元912连接第二发送单元913。
第二接收单元911用于接收第一请求报文。第一请求报文包括缓存增益和第一内容的标识。第一请求报文中的缓存增益为第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。第i-1转发设备为沿第一用户设备至服务器的方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径的上一跳。若第i转发设备连接第一用户设备102，则第一请求报文中的缓存增益为预设增益值。若第i转发设备连接第i-1转发设备，则第一请求报文中的缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备102和第i-1转发设备间所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第i-1转发设备间是沿第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的上一跳。
第一获取单元912用于获得第二请求报文，第二请求报文包括缓存增益和第一内容的标识，第二请求报文中的缓存增益为第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第一内容递交路径上第一用户设备至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。其中，第一获取单元912可从第二存储单元904获取第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。第一获取单元912可将第一请求报文中的缓存增益、标识发送第一请求报文的设备的参数和第一内容的标识存储于第二存储单元904。标识发送第一请求报文的设备的参数为发送第一请求报文的设备的地址或第i转发设备连接发送第一请求报文的设备 的接口的标识。
第二发送单元913用于沿第一内容递交路径，发送第二请求报文至下一跳，下一跳为沿第一用户设备至服务器的方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的下一跳。下一跳为服务器120或第i+1转发设备。
上述实施例中，第i转发设备将接收到的第一请求报文中的缓存增益和第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益中的较大值携带在第二请求报文中，使得服务器120可从第一内容递交路径上接收到的请求报文中获取路径上的缓存增益。
可选地，在图10对应的实施例提供的转发设备的基础上，转发设备还包括：第三接收单元914和第二控制单元915。第三接收单元914用于接收来自第j转发设备的第三请求报文，第三请求报文用于请求服务器提供第一内容，第三请求报文包括缓存增益和第一内容的标识，第j转发设备为沿第二用户设备至服务器的方向第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳，第二内容递交路径为第二用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，第三请求报文中的缓存增益为第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。第二控制单元915用于将第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识第j转发设备的参数存储于第二存储单元904，标识第j转发设备的参数为第j转发设备的地址或第i转发设备连接第j转发设备的接口。
本发明实施例提供的转发设备可在图9或图10对应的实施例的基础上，增加用以处理数据报文的结构。图11对应的实施例提供的转发设备为第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备。第i转发设备包括：第一接收单元901、第一控制单元902、第一存储单元903、第二存储单元904、第二接收单元911、第一获取单元912、第二发送单元913、第二获取单元921和第三发送单元9222。其中，第一接收单元901、第一控制单元902、第一存储单元903、第二存储单元904、第二接收单元911、第一获取单元912和第二发送单元913与图10对应的实施例中的相应结构相同。可选地，图11对应的实施例还包括第一发送单元905(图11中未示出)、第三接收单元914(图11中未示出)和第二控制单元915(图11中未示出)。
第一接收单元901用于接收第一数据报文。第一数据报文包括第一内容、 缓存增益和第一内容的标识。
第二存储单元904用于存储第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益、第一内容的标识、第一请求报文中的缓存增益、标识发送第一请求报文的设备的参数、第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识第j设备的参数。发送第一请求报文的设备为第一用户设备102或第i-1转发设备。第i-1转发设备为沿第一用户设备102至服务器120的方向上第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径的上一跳。第j转发设备为沿第二用户设备104至服务器120的方向上第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳。
第二获取单元921用于当第二存储单元904存储的第三请求报文中的缓存增益大于第一数据报文中的缓存增益时，获取第二数据报文，第二数据报文包括第三请求报文中的缓存增益、第一内容和第一内容的标识。
第三发送单元922用于用于根据第二存储单元存储的标识第j转发设备的参数，发送第二数据报文至第j转发设备。
举例来说，第三发送单元922用于发送第一接收单元901接收的第一数据报文至下一跳。下一跳为沿服务器120至第一用户设备102的方向第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的下一跳。下一跳为第一用户设备102或第i-1转发设备。
上述实施例中，第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备在转发来自服务器120的第一数据报文时，在存储的缓存增益大于第一数据报文中的缓存增益时，用存储的缓存增益替换第一数据报文中的路径上的缓存增益，获取第二数据报文。这样，第i转发设备通过第二内容递交路径发送第二数据报文时，第二路径上的转发设备就有机会缓存第一内容。上述实施例实现了在第一内容的流行度和网络带宽这两个因素发生改变时，动态调整第一内容的缓存位置，有助于进一步节省网络的带宽。
图12为本发明实施例提供的一种控制器。下面结合图4，对图12所示控制器130进行详细说明。控制器130与第一用户设备、服务器和第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备通信。第一内容递交路径为第一用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径。控制器130包括：第一计算单元1031、第一获取单元1032和第一发送单元1033。
第一计算单元1031用于为第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备计算第一内容的本地缓存增益，第i转发设备为第一内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设 备，第i转发设备的第一内容的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和第一内容的流行度计算生成，第一参数用以标识第i转发设备和服务器间传输第一内容所消耗的带宽。
第一获取单元1032用于获取第一缓存增益，第一缓存增益为第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值。第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。
第一发送单元1033用于周期性向服务器发送第一缓存增益，周期性向第i转发设备发送第一内容的本地缓存增益。
可选地，控制器130还包括：第二计算单元1034、第二获取单元1035和第二发送单元1036。
第二计算单元1034用于用于为第二内容递交路径上的每台转发设备计算第一内容的本地缓存增益，第二内容递交路径为第二用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，第二内容递交路径和第一内容递交路径间重合的路径为第i转发设备和服务器间的路径。
第二获取单元1035用于获取第二缓存增益，第二缓存增益为第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备和第j转发设备间所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，第j转发设备为沿第二用户设备至服务器的方向第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳。第二内容递交路径上第二用户设备和第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应。
第二发送单元1036用于周期性向第i转发设备发送第二缓存增益。
上述实施例中，控制器130为第一内容递交路径上每台转发设备计算本地缓存增益，有助于每台转发设备在本地缓存增益和第一数据报文中的缓存增益匹配时缓存第一数据报文中的第一内容。另外，控制器130还下发第二缓存增益至第i转发设备，第i转发设备转发第一内容至第二内容递交路径时，可用第二缓存增益替换第一数据报文中的缓存增益。这样，第二内容递交路径上本地缓存增益与第二缓存增益匹配的转发设备缓存第一内容，以动态调整第一内容的缓存位置。
图13示出了一种转发设备。转发设备可以是路由器，也可以是交换机。转发设备配置有用以缓存内容的缓存空间。参见图13，转发设备包括接收电路1101、发送电路1102、存储器1103和处理器1104。接收电路1101、发送电路1102、存储器1103和处理器1104通过通信总线11011连接。接收电路 1101和发送电路1102可通过转发设备上的以太网芯片来实现。该实施例的转发设备可以为图9至图11对应的实施例中任意一个实施例提供的转发设备。
存储器1103用于存储应用程序、第一内容和转发设备的本地缓存增益。应用程序可以包括一条或多条计算机指令。
处理器1104从存储器1103中读取计算机指令，执行如下操作：
通过接收电路1101，接收来自服务器的第一数据报文，第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为k，i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数，第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和第一内容的标识，第一数据报文中的缓存增益是第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值，第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值与第一内容的标识对应；
确定第一数据报文中的缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是否匹配，第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和第一内容的流行度计算生成，第一参数用以标识第i转发设备和服务器间传输第一内容所消耗的带宽；
确定第一数据报文中的缓存增益与第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益匹配时，缓存第一数据报文包括的第一内容至存储器1103。
可选地，处理器1104可通过发送电路1102发送第一数据报文至请求第一内容的设备。
上述通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤，可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。当使用软件实现时，可以将实现上述功能的代码存储在计算机可读介质中。计算机可读介质包括计算机存储介质。存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。以此为例但不限于：计算机可读介质可以是随机存取存储器(英文全称为random access memory，英文缩写为RAM)、只读存储器(英文全称为read-only memory，英文缩写为ROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(英文全称为electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，英文缩写为EEPROM)、只读光盘(英文全称为compact disc-read only memory，英文缩写为CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质。 计算机可读介质可以是压缩光碟(英文全称为compact disk，英文缩写为CD)、激光碟、光碟、数字视频光碟(英文全称为digital video disc，英文缩写为DVD)、软盘或者蓝光光碟。
总之，以上所述仅为本发明技术方案的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种缓存数据的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一内容递交路径上的第i转发设备接收来自服务器的第一数据报文，所述第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备和所述服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量为k，所述i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数，所述第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和所述第一内容的标识，所述缓存增益是所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
    所述第i转发设备确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是否匹配，所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和所述第一内容的流行度计算生成，所述第一参数用以标识所述第i转发设备和所述服务器间传输所述第一内容所消耗的带宽；
    所述第i转发设备确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益匹配时，所述第i转发设备缓存所述第一数据报文包括的所述第一内容。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第i转发设备确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益不匹配时，所述第i转发设备通过所述第一内容递交路径，发送所述第一数据报文至请求所述第一内容的设备，所述请求所述第一内容的设备为向所述第i转发设备发送第一请求报文的设备，所述第一请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第i转发设备接收来自服务器的第一数据报文之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第i转发设备接收第一请求报文，所述第一请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容，所述第一请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第一请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第i-1转发设备为沿所述第一用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在所述第一内容递交路径的上一跳，所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一 内容的标识对应；
    所述第i转发设备获得第二请求报文，所述第二请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第二请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至所述第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
    所述第i转发设备沿所述第一内容递交路径，发送所述第二请求报文至下一跳，所述下一跳为沿所述第一用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在所述第一内容递交路径上的下一跳。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送所述第二请求报文至下一跳之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述第i转发设备接收来自第j转发设备的第三请求报文，所述第三请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容，所述第三请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第j转发设备为沿第二用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳，所述第二内容递交路径为所述第二用户设备和所述服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至所述第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至所述第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
    存储所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识所述第j转发设备的参数。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述缓存所述第一数据报文包括的所述第一内容之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益大于所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益时，所述第i转发设备获取第二数据报文，所述第二数据报文包括所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益、所述第一内容和所述第一内容的标识；
    根据标识所述第j转发设备的参数，发送所述第二数据报文至所述第j转发设备。
  6. 如权利要求3-5任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第i转发设备获得第二请求报文之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第i转发设备计算所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益；或者
    所述第i转发设备从控制器获取所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益，所述控制器被配置用于为所述第i转发设备计算所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是第一内容的增益和第一内容的权重的乘积，所述第一内容的增益是所述第一参数、所述第一参数的权重、所述第一内容的流行度和所述第一内容的流行度的权重的乘积。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第i转发设备已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值时，所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是所述第一内容的增益与所述第一内容的权重之积减去第二内容的增益与所述第二内容的权重之积获得的差值，所述第一内容的增益是所述第一参数、所述第一参数的权重、所述第一内容的流行度和所述第一内容的流行度的权重的乘积，所述第二内容的增益是所述第二参数、所述第二参数的权重、所述第二内容的流行度和所述第二内容的流行度的权重的乘积，所述第二参数用以标识所述第i转发设备和提供所述第二内容的服务器间传输所述第二内容所消耗的带宽。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述缓存所述第一数据报文包括的所述第一内容包括：
    所述第i转发设备确定已缓存的内容所占的存储空间达到预定的阈值，从所述已缓存的内容中选择与所述第一内容的大小匹配的内容集；
    用所述第一内容替换与所述第一内容的大小匹配的内容集。
  10. 一种转发设备，其特征在于，所述转发设备位于第一内容递交路径，所述第一内容递交路径是第一用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的数量是k，所述转发设备为第i转发设备，所述i为大于等于1且小于等于k的整数，所述转发设备包括：
    第二存储单元，用于存储所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益；
    第一接收单元，用于接收来自所述服务器的第一数据报文，所述第一数据报文包括缓存增益、第一内容和所述第一内容的标识，所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益是所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益中的最大值，所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和所述第一内容的流行度计算生成，所述第一参数用以标识所述第i转发设备和所述服务 器间传输所述第一内容所消耗的带宽，所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
    第一控制单元，用于确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第二存储单元中存储的所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益是否匹配；
    第一存储单元，用于当所述第一控制单元确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第二存储单元中存储的所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益匹配时，缓存所述第一数据报文中的所述第一内容。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的转发设备，其特征在于，所述转发设备还包括：
    第一发送单元，用于当所述第一控制单元确定所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益与所述第二存储单元中存储的所述第一内容的标识对应的本地缓存增益不匹配时，通过所述第一内容递交路径，发送所述第一数据报文至请求所述第一内容的设备，所述请求所述第一内容的设备为向所述第i转发设备发送第一请求报文的设备，所述第一请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的转发设备，其特征在于，所述转发设备还包括：
    第二接收单元，用于接收第一请求报文，所述第一请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容，所述第一请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第一请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第i-1转发设备为沿所述第一用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在所述第一内容递交路径的上一跳，所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i-1转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
    第一获取单元，用于获得第二请求报文，所述第二请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第二请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至所述第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第一内容递交路径上所述第一用户设备至第i转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
    第二发送单元，用于沿所述第一内容递交路径，发送所述第二请求报文 至下一跳，所述下一跳为沿所述第一用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在第一内容递交路径上的下一跳。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的转发设备，其特征在于，所述转发设备还包括：
    第三接收单元，用于接收来自第j转发设备的第三请求报文，所述第三请求报文用于请求所述服务器提供所述第一内容，所述第三请求报文包括缓存增益和所述第一内容的标识，所述第j转发设备为沿第二用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在第二内容递交路径的上一跳，所述第二内容递交路径为所述第二用户设备和所述服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益为所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至所述第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至所述第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
    第二控制单元，用于将所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益和标识所述第j转发设备的参数存储于所述第二存储单元。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的转发设备，其特征在于，所述转发设备还包括：
    第二获取单元，用于当所述第二存储单元存储的所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益大于所述第一数据报文中的缓存增益时，获取第二数据报文，所述第二数据报文包括所述第三请求报文中的缓存增益、所述第一内容和所述第一内容的标识；
    第三发送单元，用于根据所述第二存储单元存储的所述标识所述第j转发设备的参数，发送所述第二数据报文至所述第j转发设备。
  15. 一种控制器，其特征在于，所述控制器与第一用户设备、服务器和第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备通信，第一内容递交路径为第一用户设备和服务器间的报文传输路径，所述控制器包括：
    第一计算单元，用于为所述第一内容递交路径上的每台转发设备计算第一内容的本地缓存增益，第i转发设备为所述第一内容递交路径上的任意一台转发设备，所述第i转发设备的所述第一内容的本地缓存增益根据第一参数和所述第一内容的流行度计算生成，所述第一参数用以标识所述第i转发设备和所述服务器间传输所述第一内容所消耗的带宽；
    第一获取单元，用于获取第一缓存增益，所述第一缓存增益为所述第一内容递交路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第一内容递交 路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应；
    第一发送单元，用于周期性向所述服务器发送所述第一缓存增益，周期性向第i转发设备发送所述第一内容的本地缓存增益。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述控制器还包括：
    第二计算单元，用于为第二内容递交路径上的每台转发设备计算第一内容的本地缓存增益，所述第二内容递交路径为第二用户设备和所述服务器间的报文传输路径，所述第二内容递交路径和所述第一内容递交路径间重合的路径为所述第i转发设备和所述服务器间的路径；
    第二获取单元，用于获取第二缓存增益，所述第二缓存增益为所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益的最大值，所述第二内容递交路径上所述第二用户设备至第j转发设备的路径上所有转发设备的本地缓存增益与所述第一内容的标识对应，所述第j转发设备为沿所述第二用户设备至所述服务器的方向所述第i转发设备在所述第二内容递交路径的上一跳；
    第二发送单元，用于周期性向所述第i转发设备发送所述第二缓存增益。
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