Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
  • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
  • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
  • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
  • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
  • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
  • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
  • F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
  • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a heat exchanger module incorporating at least one fluid circuit.
• the invention relates more particularly to the realization of a new type of heat exchanger module to improve the compactness and heat exchange power, equivalent losses.
• the known heat exchangers comprise either at least two internal fluid circulation channel circuits.
• the heat exchange takes place between the circuit and a surrounding fluid in which it is immersed.
• the heat exchange takes place between the two fluid circuits.
• the present invention also relates to the production of heat exchanger modules with only heat exchange function and integrating one or two fluid circuits that the realization of exchangers-reactors. Also, by "heat exchanger module with at least two fluid circuits", it is necessary to understand, in the context of the invention, both a heat exchanger module with a function solely of heat exchange and an exchanger. -reactor.
• the main use of an exchanger module between two fluids according to the invention is its use with a gas as one of the two fluids. It can advantageously be liquid metal and gas, for example liquid sodium and nitrogen.
• the main application targeted by an exchanger module according to the invention is the heat exchange between a liquid metal, such as liquid sodium, of the secondary loop and nitrogen as a gas of the tertiary loop of a fast neutron reactor cooled with the liquid metal, such as liquid sodium said RNR-Na or SFR (acronym for "Sodium Fast Reactor") and which is part of the so-called family of fourth generation reactors.
• a heat exchanger module according to the invention can also be implemented in any other application requiring an exchange between two fluids, such as a liquid and a gas, preferably when it is necessary to have a compact exchanger. and of great thermal power.
• primary fluid means the usual thermal meaning, namely the hot fluid which transfers its heat to the secondary fluid which is the cold fluid.
• secondary fluid in the context of the invention, the usual thermal sense, namely the cold fluid to which is transferred the heat of the primary fluid.
• the primary fluid is the sodium that circulates in the so-called secondary loop of the thermal conversion cycle of a reactor RNR-Na, while the secondary fluid is the nitrogen that circulates in the tertiary loop of said cycle.
• the known tube exchangers are, for example, tube and shell exchangers, in which a bundle of upright or bent U-shaped or helical tubes is fixed on pierced plates and disposed inside a chamber waterproof called calender.
• calender a chamber waterproof
• one of the fluids circulates inside the tubes while the other fluid circulates inside the shell.
• These tube and shell exchangers have a large volume and are therefore of low compactness.
• the heat exchangers have significant advantages over heat exchangers, known as tube heat exchangers, in particular their thermal performance and their compactness thanks to a ratio of the surface area to the heat exchange volume favorably. Student. Compact plate heat exchangers are used in many industrial fields. In this field of compact plate heat exchangers, numerous elementary forms defining thermal exchange patterns have been developed.
• a heat exchange pattern is defined by a structure delimited by fins, the structures being reported between two metal plates and can have very varied geometries.
• the exchange pattern may be different between one of the two fluid circuits of the exchanger and the other.
• the assembly between metal plates is usually by soldering or by diffusion welding.
• Corrugated or corrugated plate heat exchangers are also known.
• the corrugations are created by stamping a plate separating the two fluid circuits.
• the exchange pattern is identical for each of the two fluid circuits.
• the flow of fluids generated by this type of exchange pattern is three-dimensional and, therefore, is very efficient.
• the joining between plates is done either by bolted connection or by their peripheral welding (conventional welding, or welding-diffusion).
• machining is mechanical or electrochemically.
• the channels defined by the machining are of millimeter section and are usually continuous and in a regular zigzag profile.
• the plates are assembled by welding-diffusion allowing welding on all points of contact between two adjacent plates. This type of milled plate heat exchanger is intrinsically very resistant to pressure.
• the inventors of the present invention have evaluated these different plate heat exchanger technologies to design an exchanger between a gas and a liquid metal in the context of the realization of a nuclear reactor of the so-called fourth-generation reactor family. that is to say in a heat exchange configuration between an excellent coolant, the liquid metal, and a fluid with much lower thermal transport properties, the gas. They reached the main conclusions that can be enumerated as follows:
• the plate heat exchangers incorporating fins are a method of preparation which is difficult to reconcile with a nuclear component
• the stamped plate heat exchangers although having a high compactness and a high unit thermal power, are not compatible with a pressure difference between gas and liquid metal in the context of the nuclear reactor cooled with the latter and therefore are not robust;
• machined grooved plate heat exchangers are robust, both to satisfy thermo-hydraulic and thermomechanical performance but have a lower compactness than stamped plate heat exchangers for an equivalent pressure drop.
• the object of the invention is to at least partially meet this need.
• the subject of the invention is a longitudinal axis heat exchanger module (X) comprising at least two fluid circuits, a first one comprising at least one pair of fluid circulation channels each extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (X), the two channels of the same pair being superimposed on one another and opening into one another in a plurality of crossing zones each defining a mixing zone of the fluid with himself within the first circuit.
• X longitudinal axis heat exchanger module
• the invention essentially consists in proposing a fluid circuit whose flow is three-dimensional by the presence of the crossing zones and which can be produced according to the manufacturing technology of machined grooved plate heat exchangers, proven for its robustness.
• an exchanger module according to the invention has both improved heat exchange performance compared to a machined plate heat exchanger according to the state of the art and an improved robustness compared to a stamped plate heat exchanger according to the state of the art.
• an exchanger module according to the invention has an increased compactness with respect to a heat exchanger according to the state of the art.
• each channel has a zigzag profile curved at least in part, preferably regular over its length.
• the regular curved zigzag profile advantageously comprises elbows and straight segments, a line segment connecting two consecutive elbows.
• Such a curved regular zigzag profile for each of the intersecting channels allows a great flexibility of design, by varying the geometrical parameters of each channel, in particular the geometry of the section of each channel, the angle of the segments right of the canal, the length between two elbows, the radius of curvature of the elbows, the distance between the channels.
• the constituent metallic material of the exchanger module according to the invention is chosen according to the conditions of its required use, namely the pressure of the fluids, the temperatures and natures of the fluids flowing through the module. It may be for example aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium or alloys of these elements as well as a steel, especially an alloy steel or a stainless steel or a refractory metal selected from alloys of niobium, molybdenum, tantalum or tungsten.
• the fluid circulation channels have a width and a height that depend in particular on the nature and characteristics of the fluids conveyed and the desired heat exchange.
• the widths and heights may vary in particular along the path of the channels.
• each channel has a curved zigzag profile at least in part. More preferably, the curved zigzag profile is regular along its length.
• the regular curved zigzag profile comprises elbows and straight segments, a line segment connecting two consecutive elbows.
• a channel may have an ovoid, circular, rectangular or square section.
• a section with a plane of symmetry favors the disturbances of the flows and a better mixing of the fluid with itself.
• the square or rectangular sections also allow a better compactness.
• the advantage of having a circular or ovoid section is to simplify the manufacture of the channels: one can indeed use a machining process by electrochemical erosion, easy to implement.
• the preferred dimensions are as follows:
• the radius of curvature of the elbows is between 0.5 and 3 Dh of the channel
• the length of the segment on the right is between 4 and 8 Dh of channel
• the curved zigzag profiles are identical for the two channels and symmetrical to one another with respect to the longitudinal axis (X) or a parallel axis.
• the two channels of the same pair meet at their longitudinal ends in the same rectilinear channel portion substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (X).
• each of the two fluid circuits comprises at least one pair of fluid circulation channels each extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (X), the two channels of the same pair being superimposed on each other. one on the other and opening into each other in a plurality of crossing zones each defining a fluid mixing zone with itself within the first or second circuit.
• the first fluid circuit comprises at least one pair of fluid circulation channels. each extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (X), the two channels of the same pair being superimposed on one another and opening into one another in a plurality of crossing zones each defining a fluid mixing zone with itself within the first circuit, the second fluid circuit comprising at least one pair of straight-shaped channels.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger module described above:
• first and second grooves each delimit a fluid circulation channel each extending parallel to a longitudinal axis (X), the two channels being superimposed on each other; one on the other and open into each other in a plurality of crossing zones each defining a mixing zone of the fluid with itself.
• first and second metal plates together, either by hot isostatic pressing (C1C), or by a method commonly known as hot uniaxial diffusion welding, so as to obtain a diffusion bonding between them, or by soldering.
• C1C hot isostatic pressing
• hot uniaxial diffusion welding a method commonly known as hot uniaxial diffusion welding
• the invention also relates to a heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of heat exchanger modules such as that described above, each extending parallel to the central axis of the chamber and each arranged inside the pregnant.
• the subject of the invention is also the use of the heat exchanger described above, the first fluid being a secondary fluid being a gas or a mixture of gases and the second fluid as the primary fluid being a liquid metal.
• the first fluid may comprise mainly nitrogen and the second fluid being liquid sodium.
• the first or the second fluid can come from a nuclear reactor.
• the subject of the invention is a nuclear installation comprising a fast neutron nuclear reactor cooled with liquid metal, in particular liquid sodium called RNR-Na or SFR and a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of exchanger modules described above. . detailed description
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger module according to the state of the art made from the two plates;
• FIG. 2 is a detail view in transparency showing the zigzag profile of a channel of an exchanger module according to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3A is a perspective view of two machined groove plates before assembly to form a heat exchanger module according to the invention
• FIG. 3B is a perspective view of a heat exchanger module according to the invention made from the two plates according to FIG. 3A;
• FIG. 4 is a detail view in transparency showing the crossing zones between channels of a heat exchanger module according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view of three pairs of channels in a heat exchanger module according to the invention.
• FIG. 6 is a statement of the comparative points of the thermal power exchanged as a function of the number of reynolds (Re) respectively between examples of fluid circulation channels according to the invention and according to the state of the art.
• FIG. 1 there is shown a heat exchanger module according to the state of the art of longitudinal axis X comprising at least one fluid circuit.
• the module comprising a pair of fluid circulation channels 1, 2 each extending parallel to the longitudinal axis X.
• the two channels 1, 2 are superimposed on one another without any crossing between them.
• each channel 1, 2 has a regular curved zigzag profile.
• the curved zigzag profiles are identical for the two channels 1, 2 and symmetrical to each other with respect to the longitudinal axis X or a parallel axis.
• the curved channel zigzag profile has bends 14, 16 and straight segments, a straight segment 15 connecting two consecutive bends.
• FIG. 3B shows a heat exchanger module according to the invention having a longitudinal axis X comprising at least one fluid circuit.
• the module comprising a pair of fluid circulation channels 1, 2 each extending parallel to the longitudinal axis X.
• the two channels 1, 2 are superimposed on one another and open into one another in a plurality of crossing zones 3 each defining a mixing zone of the fluid with itself.
• each channel 1, 2 has a regular curved zigzag profile.
• the curved zigzag profiles are identical for the two channels 1,2 and symmetrical to each other with respect to the longitudinal axis X or a parallel axis.
• the curved channel zigzag profile has bends 14, 16; 24, 26 and line segments, a line segment 15; 25 connecting two consecutive elbows.
• Each of two metal plates 10, 20 of rectangular shapes, identical to each other, is machined respectively with a groove opening according to the regular curved zigzag profile 11, 12, 13 and a through groove 20 according to the same regular curved zigzag profile 21. 22, 33.
• the machining profiles of the grooves of the two plates 10, 20 are made in two patterns in opposition to one another, that is to say that the top of a groove 11 and facing the top of the other groove 21 when the plates are facing one another.
• the machined plate 20 is then positioned against the machined plate 10 so that the grooves 11, 21 each delimit a fluid circulation channel 1, 2 each extending parallel to a longitudinal axis X and that the two channels are superposed. one on the other and open to one. in the other in a plurality of crossing zones 3 each defining a mixing zone of the fluid with itself.
• the two metal plates 10, 20 are then assembled together, either by hot isostatic pressing (CIC), or by a hot uniaxial diffusion-diffusion process so as to obtain diffusion bonding between them.
• CIC hot isostatic pressing
• a channel according to the state of the art as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 has the same dimensions, i.e. width, length and height as a channel according to the invention.
• thermal compactness is defined here as the thermal power exchanged Pth per unit volume, which proportional to the number of channels N times the overall overall length L of an exchanger.
• Examples 1 and 3 are in accordance with the invention, i.e. correspond to two identically profiled channels 1, 2 which intersect at a plurality of crossing zones 3.
• Examples 2 and 4 conform to the state of art, i.e. correspond to a profile channel identical to that of channels 1, 2 but without any crossing with another channel.
• FIG. 5 shows an exchanger module according to the invention with three pairs of channels 1.1, 2.1; 1.2, 2.2, 1.3, 3.3 according to the invention, arranged parallel to each other and to the regular curved profiles all identical to each other,
• FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the channels according to the invention on a plate scale: if the distance between channels is sufficiently small, other zones crossover and therefore other areas of fluid mixing with itself are created, especially at the elbows.
• the gas circuit in an exchanger module between a liquid metal, such as liquid sodium, and a gas, such as nitrogen, can advantageously be envisaged with the crossing channels according to the invention and a liquid metal circuit with straight channels, and preferably larger sections than those of the channels of the gas circuit to limit the risk of clogging.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=51417385

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2014
  • 2014-04-16 FR FR1453407A patent/FR3020135A1/fr active Pending
• 2015
  • 2015-04-14 EP EP15725882.3A patent/EP3132222B1/fr active Active
  • 2015-04-14 TN TN2016000436A patent/TN2016000436A1/fr unknown
  • 2015-04-14 KR KR1020167031910A patent/KR20160145155A/ko unknown
  • 2015-04-14 WO PCT/IB2015/052705 patent/WO2015159213A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2015-04-14 US US15/303,756 patent/US20170030660A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (6)

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