WO2015156276A1 - 蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015156276A1 WO2015156276A1 PCT/JP2015/060818 JP2015060818W WO2015156276A1 WO 2015156276 A1 WO2015156276 A1 WO 2015156276A1 JP 2015060818 W JP2015060818 W JP 2015060818W WO 2015156276 A1 WO2015156276 A1 WO 2015156276A1
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- Prior art keywords
- groove
- easily breakable
- electrode
- storage device
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
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- H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
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- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
- H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
- H01M50/618—Pressure control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
- H01M50/627—Filling ports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electricity storage device including an electrode group including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed between the first electrode, and in particular, the internal pressure of the case when the internal pressure of the case housing the electrode group abnormally increases. It is related with the improvement of the technique for reducing.
- These power storage devices include an electrode group including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween, and an electrolyte.
- Each electrode includes a current collector (electrode core material) and an active material carried on the current collector.
- One of the mechanisms for ensuring the safety of the electricity storage device is a gas vent valve that operates when the internal pressure of the case rises abnormally. When the gas vent valve is operated, the gas inside the case is released to the outside, so that the internal pressure of the case can be reduced.
- the gas vent valve is preferably provided on the sealing plate particularly in an electricity storage device having a square case (hereinafter also referred to as a square electricity storage device).
- a square electricity storage device is advantageous in that the volume of the gap between cases can be reduced when a plurality of devices are assembled and connected in series and / or in parallel.
- the gas vent valve may be blocked by another device.
- the prismatic power storage device is required to be compact and particularly thin in order to increase the energy density and increase the degree of freedom in arrangement. If the thickness of the rectangular electricity storage device is reduced to meet the demand, the pressure distribution in the case tends to be uneven. For this reason, unless the variation in the operating pressure of the gas vent valve is reduced, the gas vent valve does not operate stably.
- the operating pressure of the gas vent valve is a pressure actually applied to the gas vent valve or the sealing plate when the gas vent valve is operated. The operating pressure of the gas vent valve is often different from, for example, an average pressure in the case of the electricity storage device.
- One aspect of the present invention is an electrode group including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator that electrically insulates the first electrode and the second electrode; Electrolyte, A case containing the electrode group and the electrolyte and having an opening; A sealing plate for sealing the opening of the case, The first electrode includes a sheet-like first current collector and a first active material carried on the first current collector, The second electrode includes a sheet-like second current collector and a second active material carried on the second current collector, The first electrode and the second electrode are alternately stacked with the separator interposed therebetween, The sealing plate has a gas vent valve that releases the gas in the case to the outside when the pressure received from the gas in the case reaches a reference pressure; The gas vent valve has a round and thin easily breakable portion, and the easily breakable portion has a linear first groove portion, a second groove portion, and a third groove portion, The present invention relates to an electricity storage device in which one end of each of the first groove portion, the second groove portion, and the third
- It is a partial cross section figure of the sealing board which shows the detailed structure of a gas vent valve.
- An electricity storage device includes a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes, and one or more separators that electrically insulate the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes.
- the first electrode includes a sheet-like first current collector and a first active material carried on the first current collector.
- the second electrode includes a sheet-like second current collector and a second active material carried on the second current collector. The first electrode and the second electrode are alternately stacked with a separator interposed therebetween.
- the sealing plate has a gas vent valve for releasing the gas in the case to the outside when the pressure received from the gas in the case reaches the reference pressure.
- the gas vent valve has a circular easily breakable portion
- the easily breakable portion has a linear first groove portion, a second groove portion, and a third groove portion.
- One end of each of the first groove portion, the second groove portion, and the third groove portion intersects at the center of the easily breakable portion (see FIGS. 4 and 5).
- one end of each of the first groove portion, the second groove portion, and the third groove portion is at the center of the easily breakable portion.
- an easily breakable part is thin. That is, the thickness DT of the easily breakable portion (see FIG.
- the thickness DT of the easily breakable portion is the thickness of the surrounding portion ( It is preferably smaller than the thickness DS) of the sealing plate.
- 1> DT / DS ⁇ 0.2 is preferable, and 0.8 ⁇ DT / DS ⁇ 0.4 is more preferable.
- the easily breakable portion is further thinned by forming a plurality of groove portions in the easily breakable portion.
- Each of the plurality of groove portions is linear, and is disposed so as to form a Y shape at the easily breakable portion.
- the easily breakable portion and the plurality of groove portions can be formed on the sealing plate, for example, using a stamp.
- a member having an easily breakable portion and a plurality of groove portions is prepared, and the peripheral portion of the member is joined (or welded) to an opening end portion of a through-hole provided in the sealing plate, thereby degassing the sealing plate.
- a valve may be provided.
- the sealing plate By providing an easily breakable portion in the sealing plate and providing a plurality of Y-shaped grooves in the easily breakable portion, the remaining thickness of the portion becomes smaller. Thereby, when the case internal pressure rises abnormally, the easily breakable portion easily breaks starting from, for example, a plurality of groove portions. Therefore, the gas inside the case can be discharged to the outside, and the internal pressure of the case can be quickly reduced.
- the groove portion is not formed as it is in the sealing plate, but a round easily breakable portion having an appropriate thickness is formed in the sealing plate. And in the easily breakable part, the several groove part is formed so that Y character may be comprised.
- the thickness of a sealing board can be set to the thickness which can ensure sufficient intensity
- the thickness of the easily breakable portion and the depth of the plurality of groove portions can be appropriately set so that the gas vent valve is operated at a desired operating pressure.
- the operating pressure is the pressure that the easily breakable part actually receives when the easily breakable part of the gas vent valve breaks starting from a plurality of groove parts.
- the sealing plate 120 If the average thickness of the sealing plate is increased in order to obtain sufficient strength of the sealing plate, it is difficult to stabilize the operating pressure of the gas vent valve simply by forming a groove with an appropriate depth in the sealing plate. is there. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, in the sealing plate 120, the difference (D12 ⁇ D11) between the remaining thickness D11 of the groove 121 and the thickness (average thickness of the sealing plate) D12 of the surrounding portion. Is large, the fluctuation of the pressure (the variation of the working pressure) when the groove 121 portion of the sealing plate 120 is broken increases. Further, if the thickness D12 of the portion around the groove 121 is large, even if the sealing plate 120 is broken at the portion of the groove 121, the area of the opening formed thereby becomes small, and the internal pressure of the case is quickly reduced. It becomes difficult.
- the easily breakable portion and the Y-shaped groove portion are formed by using, for example, engraving, so that the easily breakable portion and the plurality of groove portions can be simultaneously formed by one press operation. is there. It is also easy to precisely control the thickness of the easily breakable portion and the remaining thickness of the groove portion. And, by arranging the plurality of grooves so as to form a Y-shape, when the internal pressure of the case rises abnormally, the easily breakable portion is reliably broken at a desired operating pressure starting from any groove Can do. It is also easy to increase the area of the opening formed by breaking the easily breakable portion. Thereby, a case internal pressure can be reduced reliably and rapidly.
- the thickness DT of the easily breakable portion can be set according to the material of the sealing plate.
- the sealing plate is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy (for example, an international aluminum alloy name in the 3000 series or 5000 series alloy) or contains aluminum or an aluminum alloy
- the thickness DT of the easily breakable portion is 50 It is preferable that the thickness is ⁇ 250 ⁇ m.
- the radius R1 of the easily breakable portion is preferably 2 to 4 mm, and if the rated capacity of the electricity storage device is 1000 to 3000 mAh, the radius of the easily breakable portion is preferred. Is preferably 3 to 6 mm.
- the ratios L1 / R1, L2 / R1 and L3 / R1 of the length L1 of the first groove portion, the length L2 of the second groove portion and the length L3 of the third groove portion and the radius R1 of the circular easily breakable portion are preferably 0.98 to 1.02.
- variation in the operating pressure of a gas vent valve can be suppressed.
- the other end part of several groove part has reached even the outer edge of the circular easily breakable part. Thereby, variation in the operating pressure of the gas vent valve can be suppressed, and it becomes easy to make the area of the opening formed by breaking the easily breakable portion sufficient.
- the lengths L1, L2, and L3 and the radius R1 are all lengths in the projected view when the sealing plate is viewed from above.
- the ratios L1 / R1, L2 / R1 and L3 / R1 satisfy 0.98 to 1.02, respectively, it is allowed that one end portions of the plurality of groove portions deviate from the center. However, it is preferable that one end portion of all the groove portions coincides with the center of the circular easily breakable portion.
- the ratio D3 / D1 of the remaining thickness D3 of the easily breakable portion in D3 and the ratio D3 / D1 of the remaining thickness D3 of the easily breakable portion of the third groove portion and the remaining thickness D1 of the easily breakable portion of the first groove portion Each is preferably 0.98 to 1.02. That is, it is preferable that the plurality of grooves have the same or substantially the same depth. Thereby, the dispersion
- each groove is preferably as uniform as possible in the direction in which the groove extends.
- the obtuse angle ⁇ 1 formed by the first groove part and the second groove part, the obtuse angle ⁇ 2 formed by the second groove part and the third groove part, and the obtuse angle ⁇ 3 formed by the third groove part and the first groove part are (120 X0.98) ° to (120 ⁇ 1.02) ° is preferable.
- any one of the first groove portion, the second groove portion, and the third groove portion is It is preferable that the pair is parallel to the pair of long sides and is located at the center between the pair of long sides.
- ⁇ 1 is an aspect ratio when the battery is viewed from directly above, and is a ratio of a distance W2 between the pair of short sides to a distance W1 between the pair of long sides of the sealing plate, W2 / W1.
- the breakage propagates around the easily breakable portion.
- a break propagation preventing portion for preventing the breakage around the easily breakable portion.
- the center of the easily breakable portion is the pair of the sealing plate.
- the ratio LS between the shortest distance LS between the break propagation preventing portion and the liquid injection hole and the thickness DS of the sealing plate, located at the center between the long sides and at the center between the pair of short sides. / DS is preferably 5 to 12.
- the thickness DS can be an average thickness of the sealing plate between the fracture propagation preventing portion and the liquid injection hole.
- the gas vent valve By positioning the center of the easily breakable portion at the center between the pair of long sides and the pair of short sides of the sealing plate, the gas vent valve can be appropriately operated according to the increase in the case internal pressure.
- the injection hole is also provided at a position as close as possible to the center of the sealing plate. It is preferable. Thereby, the favorable liquid periphery to an electrode group can be obtained. Therefore, in such a case, it is preferable to provide the gas vent valve provided at the center of the sealing plate and the liquid injection hole as close as possible.
- the liquid injection hole and the gas vent valve are too close, it is possible that the operating pressure of the gas vent valve becomes unstable due to the presence of the liquid injection hole.
- the shortest distance LS between the fracture propagation preventing portion and the liquid injection hole and the thickness DS of the sealing plate so that the ratio LS / DS is within the above range, the increase in the internal pressure of the case The gas vent valve can be operated appropriately.
- the electrode group When the electrode group is impregnated with the electrolyte, the electrode group can be uniformly impregnated with the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte includes a salt of lithium ions and anions, and one of the first active material and the second active material is a first that occludes and releases lithium ions. It is a substance (negative electrode active material), and the other is a second substance (positive electrode active material) that adsorbs and desorbs anions.
- the first substance occludes and releases lithium ions by a Faraday reaction.
- the first material is, for example, a carbon material such as graphite, or an alloy-based active material such as Si, SiO, Sn, or SnO.
- the second substance adsorbs and desorbs anions by a non-Faraday reaction.
- the second substance is, for example, a carbon substance such as activated carbon or carbon nanotube.
- the second substance (positive electrode active material) may be a material that causes a Faraday reaction. Examples of such a material include metal oxides such as manganese oxide, ruthenium oxide, and nickel oxide, and conductive polymers such as polyacene, polyaniline, polythiol, and polythiophene.
- a capacitor in which a Faraday reaction occurs in both the first material and the second material is called a redox capacitor.
- the first current collector preferably includes the first metal porous body.
- the first electrode when the first electrode is a positive electrode of a lithium ion capacitor, it is preferable to use a porous metal body containing aluminum as the first current collector. If the first electrode is a negative electrode of a lithium ion capacitor, it is preferable to use a metal porous body containing copper as the first current collector.
- a metal porous body having a high porosity having communication holes as a current collector.
- the metal porous body is manufactured, for example, by forming a metal layer on the surface of a foamed resin skeleton having communication holes such as foamed urethane, thermally decomposing the foamed resin, and further reducing the metal.
- each of the plurality of first current collectors has a tab-shaped first connection portion for electrical connection with another adjacent first current collector.
- the 1st connection part of a some 1st electrical power collector is distribute
- the second current collector can also contain a second metal porous body.
- Each of the plurality of second current collectors can be provided with a tab-like second connection portion for electrically connecting to another adjacent second current collector.
- These second connection portions can be arranged so as to overlap in the stacking direction of the electrode group, and can be fastened to each other by the second fastening member.
- the first metal porous body and the second metal porous body only need to have a pore structure such that the surface area on which the active material is to be supported (hereinafter also referred to as an effective surface area) is larger than a simple metal foil or the like.
- an effective surface area the surface area on which the active material is to be supported
- Celmet registered trademark of Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
- aluminum cermet registered trademark of Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
- a metal porous body having a three-dimensional network shape and a hollow skeleton is most preferable because the effective surface area per unit volume can be remarkably increased.
- a nonwoven fabric, a punching metal, an expanded metal, etc. can be used as a 1st metal porous body and a 2nd metal porous body.
- Nonwoven fabric, cermet, and aluminum cermet are three-dimensional porous bodies, and punching metal and expanded metal are two-dimensional porous bodies.
- the metal porous body as described above has a large surface area, it can support a large amount of active material and can easily hold an electrolyte, and thus is considered suitable as an electrode for an electricity storage device.
- the current collectors having the same polarity are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 1 the external appearance of the electrical storage device which concerns on this embodiment is shown with a perspective view.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the internal structure when the electricity storage device is viewed from the front.
- 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views taken along lines IIIA and IIIB in FIG. 2, respectively.
- the power storage device 10 in the illustrated example is a lithium ion capacitor, for example, and includes an electrode group 12, a case 14 that houses the electrode group 12 and an electrolyte (not shown), and a sealing plate 16 that seals an opening of the case 14. It has.
- the case 14 is square. The embodiment of the present invention can be most suitably applied to a rectangular case as shown in the illustrated example.
- the electrode group 12 includes a plurality of sheet-like first electrodes 18 and a plurality of sheet-like second electrodes 20.
- the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 are alternately stacked with a sheet-like separator 21 interposed therebetween.
- the first electrode 18 includes a first current collector 22 and a first active material.
- the second electrode 20 includes a second current collector 24 and a second active material.
- One of the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 is a positive electrode, and the other is a negative electrode.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material. Therefore, one of the first current collector 22 and the second current collector 24 is a positive electrode current collector, and the other is a negative electrode current collector.
- the first electrode 18 is shown as a positive electrode and the second electrode 20 is shown as a negative electrode in order to facilitate understanding of the invention. That is, the first current collector 22 is a positive electrode current collector, and the second current collector 24 is a negative electrode current collector. In FIGS. 3A and 3B, it is difficult to distinguish between the electrode and the current collector, and therefore, the electrode and the current collector are indicated by the same element.
- the first current collector 22 (positive electrode current collector) includes a first metal porous body
- the second current collector 24 (negative electrode current collector) includes a second metal porous body.
- the first metal is preferably aluminum or an aluminum alloy
- the second metal is preferably copper or a copper alloy.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm.
- Aluminum Celmet (registered trademark of Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.) has a large porosity (for example, 90% or more), has continuous pores, and contains almost no closed pores. Therefore, the first current collector 22 (positive current collector) Body). Further, as the second current collector 24 (negative electrode current collector), a cermet of copper or nickel (registered trademark of Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.) is particularly preferable for the same reason. Celmet or aluminum cermet will be described in detail later.
- the first current collector 22 has a tab-shaped first connection portion 26.
- the second current collector 24 can be provided with a tab-shaped second connection portion 28.
- Each connection part is preferably made of the same material as the main body of the current collector and formed integrally with the main body.
- a first conductive spacer 30 is disposed between the first connection portions 26 of the plurality of first current collectors 22.
- the second conductive spacer 32 can be disposed between the second connection portions 28 of the plurality of second current collectors 24.
- the ratio of the projected area of the first connection portion 26 (the area when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the first current collector) to the projected area of the entire first current collector 22 is 0. 1 to 10%.
- the projected area of the first connection portion 26 or the length of the boundary line between the main body of the first current collector and the first connection portion can be determined according to the capacity of the power storage device.
- the boundary line is, for example, a straight line coaxial with the side of the first current collector provided with the first connection portion.
- the shape of the first connection portion 26 is not particularly limited, but may be a square having rounded corners.
- the first conductive spacer 30 can be formed of a plate-like member including a conductor (for example, a metal or a carbon material).
- the first conductive spacer 30 is preferably formed of a metal porous body (third metal porous body) in order to improve the adhesion with the first connection portion 26, and particularly the same as the first current collector 22. It is preferable to form with material (for example, aluminum cermet).
- the second conductive spacer can also be formed of a plate-like member including a conductor (for example, a metal or a carbon material).
- the second conductive spacer 32 is also preferably formed of a metal porous body (fourth metal porous body), and particularly preferably formed of the same material as the second current collector 24 (for example, copper cermet).
- the separator 21 is preferably bag-shaped so that the first electrode 18 (positive electrode) can be accommodated.
- the bag-shaped separator 21 can be formed, for example, by folding the rectangular separator 21 along the center line in the longitudinal direction and gluing (or welding) edges other than the opening.
- the first connection portion 26 of the first electrode 18 may be provided with a through hole 36 for inserting a first fastening member 34 that is a rivet, for example.
- An appropriate number of through holes 36 can be provided.
- the first connection portion 26 is formed on one side of the side of the first current collector 22 where the first connection portion 26 is formed.
- the second connection portion 28 of the second electrode 20 can be provided with a through hole 36 for inserting the second fastening member 38 that is a rivet.
- the second connection portion 28 is formed near the other side of the side where the second connection portion 28 of the second current collector 24 is formed.
- the first conductive spacer 30 can also be provided with a through hole 37 for inserting the first fastening member 34 at a position overlapping the through hole 36 of the first connection portion 26.
- the second conductive spacer 32 can also be provided with a through hole 37 for inserting the second fastening member 38 at a position overlapping the through hole 36 of the second connecting portion 28.
- the first fastening member 34 is attached to the electrode group 12 so that one end portion of the first lead 62 is in contact with one of the first connection portions 26.
- the second fastening member 38 is attached to the electrode group 12 so that one end portion of the second lead 64 is in contact with one of the second connection portions 28.
- the first connection portion 26 and the second connection portion 28 are arranged at substantially target positions.
- the outer shape of the main body of the second electrode 20 (second current collector 24) is formed to be approximately the same size as the outer shape of the bag-shaped separator 21. That is, the outer shape of the negative electrode is made larger than the outer shape of the positive electrode. Thereby, the whole positive electrode can be made to oppose a negative electrode through a separator.
- the first fastening member 34 is formed of the same conductive material as that of the first current collector 22. This is because the corrosion resistance of the first fastening member 34 is increased.
- the second fastening member 38 is preferably formed of the same conductive material as that of the second current collector 24.
- first connection portions 26 of the plurality of first electrodes 18 are arranged so as to overlap in the stacking direction of the electrode group 12, their through holes 36 are also arranged in a straight line.
- the first conductive spacers 30 are also arranged so that the through holes 37 are aligned with the corresponding through holes 36.
- the sealing plate 16 has a first external terminal 40 electrically connected to the plurality of first electrodes 18 and a second external terminal 42 electrically connected to the plurality of second electrodes 20.
- a gas vent valve 44 is provided at the center of the sealing plate 16, and a liquid stopper 48 that closes the liquid injection hole 46 (see FIG. 4) is attached at a position near the first external terminal 40.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of the sealing plate.
- FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the sealing plate showing the detailed configuration of the gas vent valve.
- the sealing plate 16 has a pair of long sides H1 and a pair of short sides H2, and has a rectangular shape with rounded corners.
- the gas vent valve 44 includes a circular easily breakable portion 66 and straight first groove portions 68A, second groove portions 68B, and third groove portions 68C formed in the easily breakable portions 66. One end portions of the first groove portion 68A, the second groove portion 68B, and the third groove portion 68C intersect at the center of the easily breakable portion 66.
- the sealing plate 16 is formed with a break propagation preventing portion 65 that is an annular groove along the peripheral edge portion of the circular easily breakable portion 66.
- the other end portions of the first groove portion 68A, the second groove portion 68B, and the third groove portion 68C reach the fracture propagation preventing portion 65.
- the lengths L1, L2, and L3 (lengths along the surface direction of the sealing plate 16) of the first groove portion 68A, the second groove portion 68B, and the third groove portion 68C are equal to the radius R1 of the easily breakable portion 66, respectively. Or almost equal.
- the ratios L1 / R1, L2 / R1 and L3 / R1 are values in the range of 0.98 to 1.02.
- the obtuse angle ⁇ 1 formed by the first groove part and the second groove part, the obtuse angle ⁇ 2 formed by the second groove part and the third groove part, and the obtuse angle ⁇ 3 formed by the third groove part and the first groove part are (120 ⁇ 0.98), respectively.
- the angle is in the range of ° to (120 ⁇ 1.02) ° (the angle is in the range of 117.6 ° to 122.4 °).
- the easily breakable portions are preferably raised in a dome shape as shown in FIG. .
- the center of the easily breakable portion 66 is located at the center between the pair of long sides H1 and at the center between the pair of short sides H2. That is, the gas vent valve 44 is located at the center of the sealing plate 16.
- the thickness DT of the easily breakable portion 66 can be set according to the operating pressure of the gas vent valve 44 and the material of the sealing plate.
- the working pressure is 0.1 MPa to 5 MPa and the sealing plate is aluminum or an aluminum alloy (for example, international aluminum alloy name 3000 series or 5000 series alloy), or contains aluminum or aluminum alloy
- the thickness DT of the easily breakable portion 66 is preferably 50 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the radius R1 of the easily breakable portion is preferably 2 to 4 mm if the rated capacity of the electricity storage device is less than 500 to 1000 mAh, and 3 to 6 mm if the rated capacity of the electricity storage device is 1000 to 3000 mAh. Preferably there is.
- the ratio D3 / D1 is a value within the range of 0.98 to 1.02.
- the remaining thickness D1 of the easily breakable portion 66 in the first groove 68A, the remaining thickness D2 of the easily breakable portion in the second groove 68B, and the remaining thickness D3 of the easily breakable portion in the third groove 68C are equal. Or almost equal.
- the remaining thickness D1, D2, D3 of the groove part can be set according to the material of the sealing plate.
- the remaining thicknesses D1, D2 and D3 of the grooves are preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the remaining thickness D4 of the sealing plate in the break propagation preventing portion 65 is larger than any of the remaining thicknesses D1, D2, and D3 (D4> D1, D4> D2, D4> D3).
- a break propagation preventing portion 65 that is an annular groove so as to be adjacent to the easily breakable portion 66 around the easily breakable portion 66, when the easily breakable portion 66 breaks along each groove portion, the break propagation is achieved.
- the easily breakable portion 66 or the sealing plate 16 is easily bent by using the preventing portion 65 as a fold. Thereby, the effective opening area of the hole formed by the fracture
- one groove portion (first groove portion 68A in the illustrated example) is parallel to the pair of long sides H1 of the sealing plate 16 and is located at the center between the pair of long sides H1. Yes.
- first groove portion 68A is parallel to the pair of long sides H1 of the sealing plate 16 and is located at the center between the pair of long sides H1.
- a liquid injection hole 46 for injecting an electrolyte into the case 14 is formed in the vicinity of the gas vent valve 44 of the sealing plate 16 after the opening of the case 14 is sealed. It is preferable to provide the liquid injection hole 46 at a position as close as possible to the central portion of the sealing plate 16 in order to improve the liquid circulation when the electrolyte is injected into the case 14. On the other hand, it is desirable to arrange the gas vent valve 44 at the center of the sealing plate 16 in order to actuate the gas vent valve (break valve) in a timely manner as the case internal pressure increases.
- the ratio LS / DS between the shortest distance LS between the fracture propagation preventing portion 65 and the liquid injection hole 46 and the thickness DS of the sealing plate 16 is preferably 5-12.
- the thickness DS is determined between the fracture propagation preventing portion 65 and the liquid injection hole 46 except for the recesses around the liquid injection hole 46 and the like. The average thickness of the sealing plate 16 can be obtained.
- the metal porous body preferably has a three-dimensional network shape and a hollow skeleton. Since the skeleton has a cavity inside, the metal porous body is extremely lightweight while having a bulky three-dimensional structure.
- a metal porous body can be formed by plating a resin porous body having continuous voids with the metal constituting the current collector and further decomposing or dissolving the internal resin by heat treatment or the like.
- a three-dimensional network skeleton is formed by the plating treatment, and the inside of the skeleton can be made hollow by decomposition and dissolution of the resin.
- the resin porous body is not particularly limited as long as it has continuous voids, and a resin foam, a resin nonwoven fabric, or the like can be used. After the heat treatment, components (resin, decomposition product, unreacted monomer, additive contained in the resin, etc.) remaining in the skeleton may be removed by washing or the like.
- the resin constituting the resin porous body examples include thermosetting resins such as thermosetting polyurethane and melamine resin; thermoplastic resins such as olefin resin (polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like) and thermoplastic polyurethane.
- thermosetting resins such as thermosetting polyurethane and melamine resin
- thermoplastic resins such as olefin resin (polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like)
- thermoplastic polyurethane such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like
- thermoplastic polyurethane thermoplastic polyurethane.
- the plating treatment may be performed by a known plating treatment method such as an electrolytic plating method, a molten salt, or the like.
- a plating method can be employed.
- the plating treatment a three-dimensional mesh-like metal porous body corresponding to the shape of the resin porous body is formed.
- the conductive layer may be formed on the surface of the resin porous body by electroless plating, vapor deposition, sputtering, or by applying a conductive agent.
- the resin porous body is immersed in a dispersion containing the conductive agent. May be formed.
- the resin porous body is removed by heating, whereby a cavity is formed inside the skeleton of the metal porous body and becomes hollow.
- the width of the cavity inside the skeleton (the width w f of the cavity in FIG. 7 described later) is an average value, for example, 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 4 ⁇ m, or 2 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the resin porous body can be removed by performing a heat treatment while appropriately applying a voltage as necessary. Moreover, you may heat-process, immersing the plated porous body in a molten salt plating bath, and applying a voltage.
- the metal porous body has a three-dimensional network structure corresponding to the shape of the resin foam.
- each of the current collectors has a large number of cell-shaped holes, and the cell-shaped holes have continuous voids that are continuous with each other.
- An opening (or window) is formed between adjacent cellular holes. It is preferable that the air holes communicate with each other through this opening.
- the shape of the opening (or window) is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a substantially polygonal shape (such as a substantially triangular shape, a substantially square shape, a substantially pentagonal shape, and / or a substantially hexagonal shape).
- substantially polygonal includes a polygon and a shape similar to the polygon (for example, a shape in which the corners of the polygon are rounded, a shape in which part or all of the sides of the polygon are curved), and the like. Used in.
- FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of the skeleton of the porous metal body is shown in FIG.
- the porous metal body has a plurality of cellular holes 101 surrounded by a metal skeleton 102, and a substantially polygonal opening (or window) 103 is formed between the adjacent holes 101.
- the openings 103 communicate with each other between the adjacent holes 101, whereby the current collector has a continuous gap.
- the metal skeleton 102 is formed in three dimensions so as to form cellular holes and connect the holes, thereby forming a three-dimensional network structure.
- the metal porous body has a very high porosity and a large specific surface area. That is, a large amount of active material can be attached to a wide area including the surface in the void. In addition, since the contact area between the porous metal body and the active material can be increased and the porosity can be increased while filling a large amount of active material in the voids, the active material can be effectively used.
- conductivity is usually increased by adding a conductive additive.
- the metal porous body as described above as the positive electrode current collector it is easy to ensure high conductivity even if the addition amount of the conductive auxiliary agent is reduced. Therefore, the rate characteristics and energy density (and capacity) of the battery can be increased more effectively.
- the specific surface area (BET specific surface area) of the metal porous body is, for example, 100 to 700 cm 2 / g, preferably 150 to 650 cm 2 / g, more preferably 200 to 600 cm 2 / g.
- the porosity of the metal porous body is, for example, 40 to 99% by volume, preferably 60 to 98% by volume, and more preferably 80 to 98% by volume.
- the average pore diameter in the three-dimensional network structure is, for example, 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 100 to 900 ⁇ m, and more preferably 350 to 900 ⁇ m.
- the average pore diameter is smaller than the thickness of the metal porous body (or electrode). Note that the skeleton of the metal porous body is deformed by rolling, and the porosity and the average pore diameter are changed.
- the ranges of the porosity and the average pore diameter are the porosity and the average pore diameter of the metal porous body before rolling (before filling the mixture).
- Examples of the metal constituting the positive electrode current collector of the lithium ion capacitor or the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery (the metal to be plated) include at least one selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, and nickel alloy.
- Examples of the metal constituting the negative electrode current collector of the lithium ion capacitor or non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (the metal to be plated) include at least one selected from copper, copper alloy, nickel, and nickel alloy.
- the same metal for example, copper, copper alloy as described above can be used for the electrode current collector of the electric double layer capacitor.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the electrode mixture is filled in the voids of the porous metal body of FIG.
- the cell-like pores 101 are filled with the electrode mixture 104 and adhere to the surface of the metal skeleton 102 to form an electrode mixture layer having a thickness w m .
- the internal skeletal 102 of the metal porous body is formed a cavity 102a having a width w f.
- voids remain inside the electrode mixture layer in the cellular holes 101.
- the electrode is formed by rolling the metal porous body in the thickness direction as necessary.
- FIG. 7 shows a state before rolling.
- the skeleton 102 is slightly crushed in the thickness direction, and the voids inside the electrode mixture layer in the pores 101 and the cavities in the skeleton 102 are crushed. Even after the metal porous body is rolled, the gaps inside the electrode mixture layer remain to some extent, thereby increasing the porosity of the electrode.
- the positive electrode or the negative electrode is formed, for example, by filling a gap in the metal porous body obtained as described above with an electrode mixture and, if necessary, compressing the current collector in the thickness direction.
- the electrode mixture includes an active material as an essential component, and may include a conductive additive and / or a binder as an optional component.
- the thickness w m of the mixture layer formed by filling the mixture in the cell-like pores of the current collector is, for example, 10 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 40 to 250 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 to 200 ⁇ m. is there.
- the thickness w m of the mixture layer is 5 to 40% of the average pore diameter of the cell-like pores so that a void can be secured inside the mixture layer formed in the cell-like pores. Preferably, it is 10 to 30%.
- a material that occludes and releases alkali metal ions can be used as the positive electrode active material of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Such materials include metal chalcogen compounds (metal sulfides, etc.), metal oxides, alkali metal-containing transition metal oxides (lithium-containing transition metal oxides, sodium-containing transition metal oxides, etc.), alkali metal-containing transition metals. Examples thereof include phosphates (such as iron phosphate having an olivine structure).
- These positive electrode active materials can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- a material that occludes and releases alkali metal ions such as lithium ions can be used as a negative electrode active material for lithium ion capacitors and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- a material that occludes and releases alkali metal ions such as lithium ions can be used.
- examples of such materials include carbon materials, spinel type lithium titanium oxide, spinel type sodium titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon alloy, tin oxide, and tin alloy.
- the carbon material include graphite, graphitizable carbon (soft carbon), non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), and the like.
- a first carbon material that adsorbs and desorbs anions can be used as the positive electrode active material of the lithium ion capacitor.
- a second carbon material that adsorbs and desorbs organic cations can be used as the active material of one electrode of the electric double layer capacitor, and a third carbon material that adsorbs and desorbs anions as the active material of the other electrode.
- the first to third carbon materials include carbon materials such as activated carbon, graphite, graphitizable carbon (soft carbon), and non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon).
- the type of conductive aid is not particularly limited, and examples of the conductive aid include carbon black such as acetylene black and ketjen black; conductive fiber such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; nanocarbon such as carbon nanotube; Can be mentioned.
- the amount of the conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the active material.
- the type of the binder is not particularly limited, and examples of the binder include fluorine resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene; chlorine-containing vinyl resins such as polyvinyl chloride; polyolefin resins; rubber-like materials such as styrene butadiene rubber Polymers; polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol; cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose (cellulose ether and the like), polysaccharides such as xanthan gum, and the like can be used.
- the amount of the binder is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.7 to 8 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the active material.
- the thicknesses of the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 are each 0.2 mm or more, preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more.
- the thicknesses of the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 are each 5 mm or less, preferably 4.5 mm or less, more preferably 4 mm or less or 3 mm or less. These lower limit values and upper limit values can be arbitrarily combined.
- the thicknesses of the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 can be set to 0.5 to 4.5 mm or 0.7 to 4 mm, respectively.
- the separator 21 has ion permeability and is interposed between the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 20 to prevent short circuit between them.
- the separator 21 has a porous structure, and ions can permeate the separator 21 because the electrolyte is held in the pores of the porous structure.
- a microporous film, a nonwoven fabric (including paper), or the like can be used.
- polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate
- polyamide polyamide
- polyimide polyimide
- cellulose glass fiber and the like
- the thickness of the separator 21 is, for example, about 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the electrolyte of the lithium ion capacitor includes a salt of lithium ions and anions (first anions).
- first anion examples include a fluorine-containing acid anion (PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , etc.), a chlorine-containing acid anion (ClO 4 ⁇ ), a bis (oxalate) borate anion (BC 4 O 8 ⁇ ), a bissulfonylamide anion, Examples thereof include trifluoromethanesulfonate ion (CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ ).
- the electrolyte of the electric double layer capacitor includes a salt of an organic cation and an anion (second anion).
- Organic cations include tetraethylammonium ion (TEA + ), triethylmonomethylammonium ion (TEMA + ), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ion (EMI + ), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium ion (MPPY +).
- examples of the second anion include the same as the first anion.
- the electrolyte of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a salt of an alkali metal ion and an anion (third anion).
- the electrolyte of a lithium ion battery includes a salt of lithium ions and anions (third anions).
- the electrolyte of a sodium ion battery contains the salt of a sodium ion and an anion (3rd anion). Examples of the third anion include the same as the first anion.
- the electrolyte may contain a nonionic solvent or water that dissolves the above salt, or may be a molten salt containing the above salt.
- a nonionic solvent for example, organic solvents such as organic carbonates and lactones can be used.
- the electrolyte contains a molten salt, 90% by mass or more of the electrolyte is preferably a salt (an ionic substance composed of an anion and a cation) from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance.
- the cation constituting the molten salt is preferably an organic cation.
- Organic cations include nitrogen-containing cations; sulfur-containing cations; phosphorus-containing cations.
- anion constituting the molten salt a bissulfonylamide anion is preferable.
- bis (fluorosulfonyl) amide anion ((N (SO 2 F) 2 ⁇ ) (FSA ⁇ : bis (fluorosulfonyl) amide anion)); bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide anion (N ( SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ⁇ ) (TFSA ⁇ : bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide anion), (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide anion (N (SO 2 F) (SO 2 CF 3 ) ⁇ ) ((fluorosulfonyl) ) (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide anion).
- nitrogen-containing cations examples include quaternary ammonium cations, pyrrolidinium cations, pyridinium cations, imidazolium cations, and the like.
- the quaternary ammonium cation includes tetraalkylammonium cation, ethyltrimethylammonium cation, hexyltrimethylammonium cation, tetraethylammonium cation (TEA + : tetraethylammonium cation), and trialkylmethylammonium cation (TEMA + : methyltriethylammonium cation).
- Cations tetra C 1-10 alkyl ammonium cation, etc. and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the pyrrolidinium cation include 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium cation, 1,1-diethylpyrrolidinium cation, 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium cation, and 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium cation.
- MPPY + 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium cation
- MBPY + 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium cation
- Etc 1-ethyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium cation Etc.
- pyridinium cations include 1-alkylpyridinium cations such as 1-methylpyridinium cation, 1-ethylpyridinium cation, and 1-propylpyridinium cation.
- imidazolium cation examples include 1,3-dimethylimidazolium cation, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (EMI + : 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation), 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium cation, Examples thereof include 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (BMI + ), 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium cation, 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium cation, and the like.
- sulfur-containing cation examples include a tertiary sulfonium cation, for example, a trialkylsulfonium cation such as a trimethylsulfonium cation, a trihexylsulfonium cation, and a dibutylethylsulfonium cation (for example, a tri-C 1-10 alkylsulfonium cation).
- a tertiary sulfonium cation for example, a trialkylsulfonium cation such as a trimethylsulfonium cation, a trihexylsulfonium cation, and a dibutylethylsulfonium cation (for example, a tri-C 1-10 alkylsulfonium cation).
- Phosphorus-containing cations include quaternary phosphonium cations, for example, tetraalkylphosphonium cations such as tetramethylphosphonium cation, tetraethylphosphonium cation, tetraoctylphosphonium cation (for example, tetra C 1-10 alkylphosphonium cation); triethyl (methoxymethyl) ) Alkyl (alkoxyalkyl) phosphonium cations such as phosphonium cation, diethylmethyl (methoxymethyl) phosphonium cation, trihexyl (methoxyethyl) phosphonium cation (for example, tri-C 1-10 alkyl (C 1-5 alkoxy C 1-5 alkyl)) Phosphonium cation, etc.).
- tetraalkylphosphonium cations such as tetramethylphosphonium cation, te
- An electrode group having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator for electrically insulating the first electrode and the second electrode; Electrolyte, A case containing the electrode group and the electrolyte and having an opening; A sealing plate for sealing the opening of the case, The sealing plate has a vent valve; The gas vent valve has an easily breakable portion; The electrical storage device in which the easily breakable portion has a plurality of linear grooves.
- the first electrode includes a sheet-like first current collector and a first active material carried on the first current collector
- the second electrode includes a sheet-like second current collector and a second active material carried on the second current collector
- Appendix 3 The electrical storage device according to appendix 1 or appendix 2, wherein the shape of the easily breakable portion is a circle or a substantially regular polygon.
- the shape of the easily breakable portion examples include a circle, an ellipse, a substantially polygon, a substantially regular polygon, a substantially rhombus, and a substantially rectangular shape.
- the easily breakable portion is preferably a circle or a substantially regular polygon, and more preferably a circle.
- a substantially polygon is a shape similar to a polygon and a polygon (a shape obtained by rounding corners of a polygon, a shape in which a part or all of the sides of a polygon are curved, etc.).
- a substantially regular polygon is a regular polygon (square, regular hexagon, regular octagon, etc.) and a shape similar to a regular polygon (a shape obtained by rounding the corners of a regular polygon, or part or all of a regular polygon side).
- the approximate rhombus is a rhombus and a similar shape to the rhombus (a shape in which the corners of the rhombus are rounded, a shape in which a part or all of the sides of the rhombus are curved, etc.).
- the term “substantially rectangular” refers to a rectangle and a shape similar to the rectangle (a shape in which the corners of the rectangle are rounded, a shape in which some or all of the sides of the rectangle are curved, etc.).
- each one end of the groove portion is near the center of the easily breakable portion, It is more preferable that one end of each of the groove portions intersects at one point near the center of the easily breakable portion, and it is further preferable that each one end of the groove portion intersects at the center of the easily breakable portion.
- “near the center” means, for example, a range within 1 ⁇ 4 of the radius of the circle from the center of the easily breakable portion, a range within 1/8 of the minor axis of the ellipse from the center of the easily breakable portion, Within a quarter of the distance from the center of the easily breakable portion to the side of the substantially regular polygon, within a quarter of the distance from the center of the easily breakable portion to the center of the easily breakable portion and the side of the approximately rhombus Or a range within 1/4 of the distance between the center of the easily breakable portion and the long side of the substantially rectangular shape from the center of the easily breakable portion.
- the distance between the center of the easily breakable part and the side of the substantially regular polygon is the shortest distance between the center of the easily breakable part and the side of the substantially regular polygon (in the case of a regular polygon, the distance from the center to the side) The length of the vertical line).
- the distance between the center of the easily breakable portion and the side of the approximately rhombus is the shortest distance between the center of the easily breakable portion and the side of the approximately diamond shape
- the distance between the center of the easily breakable portion and the long side of the approximately rectangular shape is The shortest distance between the center of the easily breakable portion and the long side of the substantially rectangular shape.
- the electricity storage device according to appendix 5 or appendix 6, wherein the number of the groove portions is 3 or more and 8 or less.
- the number of grooves can be 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 or more.
- the number of the groove portions is three or more in order to surely break the easily breakable portion with a desired operating pressure starting from one of the groove portions.
- the groove part is 8 or less, and it is more preferable that it is 6 or less.
- the groove portion is 3 A book is particularly preferred.
- Electrolyte A case containing the electrode group and the electrolyte and having an opening;
- a sealing plate for sealing the opening of the case The first electrode includes a sheet-like first current collector and a first active material carried on the first current collector, The second electrode includes a sheet-like second current collector and a second active material carried on the second current collector, The first electrode and the second electrode are alternately stacked with the separator interposed therebetween,
- the sealing plate has a gas vent valve that releases the gas in the case to the outside when the pressure received from the gas in the case reaches a reference pressure;
- the gas vent valve has a circular easily breakable portion,
- the easily breakable portion has a linear first groove portion, a second groove portion and a third groove portion,
- An electricity storage device in which one end of each of the first groove portion, the second groove portion, and the third groove portion intersects at the center of the easily breakable portion
- the sealing plate includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy; 9. The electricity storage device according to appendix 8, wherein the easily breakable portion has a thickness DT of 50 to 250 ⁇ m. (Appendix 10) The sealing plate includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy; The electrical storage device according to appendix 8 or appendix 9, wherein the rated capacity is 1000 to 3000 mAh, and the radius R1 of the easily breakable portion is 3 to 6 mm.
- the sealing plate has a pair of long sides parallel to each other and a pair of short sides parallel to each other;
- the electrical storage device according to any one of appendix 8 to appendix 10, wherein a ratio ⁇ 1: W2 / W1 between a pair of long side distance W1 and a pair of short side distance W2 is 5 to 15.
- the peripheral portion has an annular break propagation preventing portion for preventing the breakage from propagating to the periphery of the easily breakable portion,
- the remaining thickness D4 of the sealing plate in the break propagation preventing portion is the remaining thickness D1 of the easily breakable portion in the first groove portion, the remaining thickness D2 of the easily breakable portion in the second groove portion, and the third groove portion. 12.
- the first current collector includes a first porous metal body;
- the first metal porous body is a metal porous body having a three-dimensional network structure,
- the second current collector includes a second metal porous body;
- the second metal porous body is a metal porous body having a three-dimensional network structure; 14.
- the electricity storage device according to any one of appendices 1 to 13, wherein the metal porous body having the three-dimensional network structure includes copper.
- the present invention can be widely applied to power storage devices such as lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, lithium ion capacitors, and electric double layer capacitors.
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Abstract
Description
電解質と、
前記電極群と前記電解質とを収容し、開口部を有するケースと、
前記ケースの開口部を封口する封口板と、を具備し、
前記第1電極は、シート状の第1集電体と、前記第1集電体に担持された第1活物質とを含んでおり、
前記第2電極は、シート状の第2集電体と、前記第2集電体に担持された第2活物質とを含んでおり、
前記第1電極と、前記第2電極とは、前記セパレータを間に挟んだ状態で交互に積層されており、
前記封口板が、前記ケース内のガスより受ける圧力が基準圧力に達したときに前記ケース内のガスを外部に放出するガス抜き弁を有しており、
前記ガス抜き弁が、円形で薄肉の易破断部を有しており、前記易破断部が、直線状の第1溝部、第2溝部および第3溝部を有しており、
前記第1溝部、前記第2溝部および前記第3溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部が、前記易破断部の中心で交わっている、蓄電デバイスに関する。
本発明の一態様に係る蓄電デバイスは、複数の第1電極と、複数の第2電極と、複数の第1電極と複数の第2電極とを電気的に絶縁する1または複数のセパレータとを有する電極群と、電解質と、電極群と電解質とを収容し、開口部を有するケースと、ケースの開口部を封口する封口板とを具備している。第1電極は、シート状の第1集電体と、第1集電体に担持された第1活物質とを含んでいる。一方、第2電極は、シート状の第2集電体と、第2集電体に担持された第2活物質とを含んでいる。第1電極と、第2電極とは、セパレータを間に挟んで交互に積層されている。
また、易破断部は薄肉であることが好ましい。つまり、易破断部の厚みDT(図5参照)はその周囲の部分の厚み(封口板の厚みDS)以上であってもよいが、易破断部の厚みDTは、その周囲の部分の厚み(封口板の厚みDS)よりも小さいことが好ましい。例えば、1>DT/DS≧0.2であるのが好ましく、0.8≧DT/DS≧0.4であるのがより好ましい。
また、複数の溝部の他端部がそれぞれ円形の易破断部の外縁にまで達していることが好ましい。これにより、ガス抜き弁の作動圧のバラツキを抑えることができるとともに、易破断部の破断により形成される開口の面積を十分なものとすることが容易となる。なお、長さL1、L2、L3と半径R1は、いずれも、封口板を上方から見たときの投影図における長さである。
なお、比L1/R1、L2/R1およびL3/R1が、それぞれ、0.98~1.02を満たす限りにおいて、上記の複数の溝部の一端部が中心からずれることは許容される。しかし、すべての溝部の一端部は円形の易破断部の中心に一致していることが好ましい。
以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明の実施形態の詳細について説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、添付の特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。
図1に、本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイスの外観を斜視図により示す。図2は、その蓄電デバイスを正面から見たときの内部構造を示す一部断面図である。図3Aおよび図3Bは、それぞれ、図2のIIIA線およびIIIB線による矢視断面図である。
以上の理由により、破断伝播防止部65と注液孔46との間の最短距離LSと、封口板16の厚みDSとの比LS/DSは、5~12とすることが好ましい。なお、最短距離LSと厚みDSとの比LS/DSを評価するときには、厚みDSは、注液孔46の周囲の凹部などを除いた、破断伝播防止部65と注液孔46との間における封口板16の平均的な厚みとすることができる。
金属多孔体は、三次元網目状で中空の骨格を有することが好ましい。骨格が内部に空洞を有することで、金属多孔体は、嵩高い三次元構造を有しながらも、極めて軽量である。
このような金属多孔体は、連続空隙を有する樹脂製の多孔体を、集電体を構成する金属でめっき処理し、さらに加熱処理などにより、内部の樹脂を分解または溶解させることにより形成できる。めっき処理により、三次元網目状の骨格が形成され、樹脂の分解や溶解により、骨格の内部を中空にすることができる。
樹脂製多孔体は、必要に応じて、適宜電圧を印加しながら加熱処理を行うことにより除去できる。また、溶融塩めっき浴に、めっき処理した多孔体を浸漬し、電圧を印加しながら、加熱処理を行ってもよい。
セル状の空孔101には、電極合剤104が充填され、金属製骨格102の表面に付着して、厚みwmの電極合剤層を形成する。なお、金属多孔体の骨格102の内部は、幅wfの空洞102aが形成されている。電極合剤104の充填後、セル状の空孔101内の電極合剤層の内側には、空隙が残存している。電極合剤を金属多孔体に充填した後、必要に応じて、金属多孔体を厚み方向に圧延することにより、電極が形成される。図7は、圧延前の状態を示す。圧延により得られる電極では、骨格102が厚み方向に少し押し潰された状態となり、空孔101内の電極合剤層の内側の空隙、および骨格102内の空洞が押し潰された状態となる。金属多孔体の圧延後も、電極合剤層の内側の空隙はある程度残存した状態となり、これにより、電極の気孔率を高めることができる。
これらの下限値と上限値とは任意に組み合わせることができる。例えば、第1電極18極および第2電極20の厚みは、それぞれ、0.5~4.5mmまたは0.7~4mmとすることができる。
(付記1)
第1電極と、第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極とを電気的に絶縁するセパレータとを有する電極群と、
電解質と、
前記電極群と前記電解質とを収容し、開口部を有するケースと、
前記ケースの開口部を封口する封口板と、を具備し、
前記封口板が、ガス抜き弁を有しており、
前記ガス抜き弁が、易破断部を有しており、
前記易破断部が、直線状の複数の溝部を有している、蓄電デバイス。
前記第1電極は、シート状の第1集電体と、前記第1集電体に担持された第1活物質とを含んでおり、
前記第2電極は、シート状の第2集電体と、前記第2集電体に担持された第2活物質とを含んでおり、
前記第1電極と、前記第2電極とは、前記セパレータを間に挟んで交互に積層されている、付記1に記載の蓄電デバイス。
前記易破断部の形状が、円または略正多角形である、付記1または付記2に記載の蓄電デバイス。
なお、略多角形とは、多角形および多角形に類似の形状(多角形の角を丸めた形状、多角形の辺の一部または全部を曲線状とした形状など)のことである。略正多角形とは、正多角形(正方形、正六角形、正八角形など)および正多角形に類似の形状(正多角形の角を丸めた形状、正多角形の辺の一部または全部を曲線状とした形状など)のことである。略菱形とは、菱形および菱形に類似の形状(菱形の角を丸めた形状、菱形の辺の一部または全部を曲線状とした形状など)のことである。略長方形とは長方形および長方形に類似の形状(長方形の角を丸めた形状、長方形の辺の一部または全部を曲線状とした形状など)のことである。
前記溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部が、前記易破断部の中心付近にある、付記3に記載の蓄電デバイス。
(付記5)
前記溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部が、前記易破断部の中心付近の1点で交わっている、付記4に記載の蓄電デバイス。
溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部は、易破断部の内部にあればよい。しかし、ガス抜き弁の作動圧のバラツキを有効に抑え、十分な面積で易破断部を開口させるためには、溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部は易破断部の中心付近にあることが好ましく、溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部が易破断部の中心付近の1点で交わっていることがより好ましく、溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部が易破断部の中心で交わっていることがさらに好ましい。
ここで、「中心付近」とは、例えば、易破断部の中心から円の半径の1/4以内の範囲、易破断部の中心から楕円の短径の1/8以内の範囲、易破断部の中心から易破断部の中心と略正多角形の辺との距離の1/4以内の範囲、易破断部の中心から易破断部の中心と略菱形の辺との距離の1/4以内の範囲、または易破断部の中心から易破断部の中心と略長方形の長辺との距離の1/4以内の範囲、である。
ただし、易破断部の中心と略正多角形の辺との距離とは、易破断部の中心と略正多角形の辺の最短距離とする(正多角形の場合は、中心から辺へ下した垂線の長さになる)。同様に、易破断部の中心と略菱形の辺との距離とは易破断部の中心と略菱形の辺との最短距離とし、易破断部の中心と略長方形の長辺との距離とは易破断部の中心と略長方形の長辺との最短距離とする。
前記溝部の本数をNとして、隣り合う前記溝部のなす角が、それぞれ(360/N×0.98)°~(360/N×1.02)°であり、隣り合う前記溝部のなす角の総和が360°であり、前記Nが3以上である、付記5に記載の蓄電デバイス。
ガス抜き弁の作動圧のバラツキを有効に抑えるためには、隣り合う溝部のなす角は、すべて等しいか、ほぼ等しいことが好ましい。
前記溝部の本数が、3本以上8本以下である、付記5または付記6に記載の蓄電デバイス。
溝部は2本、3本、4本、5本、または6本以上とすることができる。しかし、ガス抜き弁が実際に作動するときに、いずれかの溝部を起点に所望の作動圧で易破断部を確実に破断させるためには、溝部は3本以上であることが好ましい。また、十分な面積で易破断部を開口させやすくするためには、溝部は8本以下であることが好ましく、6本以下であることがより好ましい。ガス抜き弁が実際に作動するときに、いずれかの溝部を起点に所望の作動圧で易破断部を確実に破断させ、かつ十分な面積で易破断部を開口させるためには、溝部は3本であることが特に好ましい。
第1電極と、第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極とを電気的に絶縁するセパレータとを有する電極群と、
電解質と、
前記電極群と前記電解質とを収容し、開口部を有するケースと、
前記ケースの開口部を封口する封口板と、を具備し、
前記第1電極は、シート状の第1集電体と、前記第1集電体に担持された第1活物質とを含んでおり、
前記第2電極は、シート状の第2集電体と、前記第2集電体に担持された第2活物質とを含んでおり、
前記第1電極と、前記第2電極とは、前記セパレータを間に挟んだ状態で交互に積層されており、
前記封口板が、前記ケース内のガスより受ける圧力が基準圧力に達したときに前記ケース内のガスを外部に放出するガス抜き弁を有しており、
前記ガス抜き弁が、円形の易破断部を有しており、
前記易破断部が、直線状の第1溝部、第2溝部および第3溝部を有しており、
前記第1溝部、第2溝部および第3溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部が、前記易破断部の中心で交わっている、蓄電デバイス。
前記封口板が、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金を含み、
前記易破断部の厚みDTが、50~250μmである、付記8に記載の蓄電デバイス。
(付記10)
前記封口板が、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金を含み、
定格容量が1000~3000mAhであり、かつ前記易破断部の半径R1が3~6mmである、付記8または付記9に記載の蓄電デバイス。
前記封口板が、互いに平行な一対の長辺と、互いに平行な一対の短辺とを有しており、
一対の長辺の距離W1と一対の短辺の距離W2との比α1:W2/W1が5~15である、付記8~付記10のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス。
前記易破断部が、破断したときに、その破断が前記易破断部の周囲に伝播するのを防止するための環状の破断伝播防止部を周縁部に有しており、
前記破断伝播防止部における前記封口板の残肉厚D4が、前記第1溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D1、前記第2溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D2および前記第3溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D3のうちのいずれの残肉厚よりも大きい、付記8~付記11のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス。
前記第1集電体が、第1金属多孔体を含み、
前記第1金属多孔体が、三次元網目構造を有する金属多孔体であり、
前記三次元網目構造を有する金属多孔体がアルミニウムを含む、付記1~付記12のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス。
(付記14)
前記第2集電体が、第2金属多孔体を含み、
前記第2金属多孔体が、三次元網目構造を有する金属多孔体であり、
前記三次元網目構造を有する金属多孔体が銅を含む、付記1~付記13のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス。
Claims (8)
- 第1電極と、第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極とを電気的に絶縁するセパレータとを有する電極群と、
電解質と、
前記電極群と前記電解質とを収容し、開口部を有するケースと、
前記ケースの開口部を封口する封口板と、を具備し、
前記第1電極は、シート状の第1集電体と、前記第1集電体に担持された第1活物質とを含んでおり、
前記第2電極は、シート状の第2集電体と、前記第2集電体に担持された第2活物質とを含んでおり、
前記第1電極と、前記第2電極とは、前記セパレータを間に挟んだ状態で交互に積層されており、
前記封口板が、前記ケース内の圧力が基準圧力に達したときに前記ケース内のガスを外部に放出するガス抜き弁を有しており、
前記ガス抜き弁が、円形の易破断部を有しており、
前記易破断部が、直線状の第1溝部、第2溝部および第3溝部を有しており、
前記第1溝部、前記第2溝部および前記第3溝部のそれぞれの一方の端部が、前記易破断部の中心で交わっている、蓄電デバイス。 - 前記第1溝部の長さL1、前記第2溝部の長さL2および前記第3溝部の長さL3と、前記易破断部の半径R1との比L1/R1、L2/R1およびL3/R1が、それぞれ、0.98~1.02である、請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記第1溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D1と前記第2溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D2との比D1/D2、前記第2溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D2と前記第3溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D3との比D2/D3、および前記第3溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D3と前記第1溝部における前記易破断部の残肉厚D1との比D3/D1が、それぞれ、0.98~1.02である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記第1溝部と前記第2溝部とが成す鈍角θ1、前記第2溝部と前記第3溝部とが成す鈍角θ2、および前記第3溝部と前記第1溝部とが成す鈍角θ3は、それぞれ、(120×0.98)°~(120×1.02)°であり、前記θ1と前記θ2と前記θ3の和が360°である、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記封口板が、互いに平行な一対の長辺と、互いに平行な一対の短辺とを有しており、 前記第1溝部、前記第2溝部および前記第3溝部のうちのいずれかの溝部が、前記一対の長辺と平行であり、かつ前記一対の長辺の間の中央に位置している、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記ガス抜き弁が、前記易破断部が破断したときに、その破断が前記易破断部の周囲に伝播するのを防止するための破断伝播防止部を、前記易破断部の周囲に有している、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記封口板が、互いに平行な一対の長辺と、互いに平行な一対の短辺とを有しており、かつ前記ケースの前記開口部を封口した後に前記電解質を前記ケースの内部に注入するための円形の注入孔を有しており、
前記易破断部の中心が、前記封口板の前記一対の長辺の間の中央に位置し、かつ前記一対の短辺の間の中央に位置しており、
前記破断伝播防止部と前記注液孔との間の最短距離LSと、前記封口板の厚みDSとの比LS/DSが、5~12である、請求項6に記載の蓄電デバイス。 - 前記電解質が、リチウムイオンとアニオンとの塩を含み、
前記第1活物質と前記第2活物質の一方が、前記リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出する第1物質であり、他方が、前記アニオンを吸着および脱着する第2物質である、請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイス。
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EP4113710A1 (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2023-01-04 | Prime Planet Energy & Solutions, Inc. | Secondary battery |
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US20170033342A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
JPWO2015156276A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
KR20160144994A (ko) | 2016-12-19 |
CN106165042A (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
DE112015001774T5 (de) | 2016-12-22 |
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