WO2015143879A1 - 发送组播报文的方法及交换机 - Google Patents

发送组播报文的方法及交换机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015143879A1
WO2015143879A1 PCT/CN2014/090962 CN2014090962W WO2015143879A1 WO 2015143879 A1 WO2015143879 A1 WO 2015143879A1 CN 2014090962 W CN2014090962 W CN 2014090962W WO 2015143879 A1 WO2015143879 A1 WO 2015143879A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
multicast
multicast packet
specified
packet
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PCT/CN2014/090962
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶超
吴光锐
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP14887370.6A priority Critical patent/EP3113427B1/en
Publication of WO2015143879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015143879A1/zh
Priority to US15/274,527 priority patent/US9929936B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
    • H04L12/6418—Hybrid transport
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/48—Routing tree calculation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/66—Layer 2 routing, e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/22—Parsing or analysis of headers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/20—Support for services
    • H04L49/201—Multicast operation; Broadcast operation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of network technologies, and in particular, to a method and a switch for sending a multicast message.
  • Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (English: Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links, TRILL) is a new protocol for building large-scale Layer 2 networks.
  • user equipment English: Customer Edge, The acronym CE
  • RB Routing Bridge
  • RB1 and RB2 for dual-active networking.
  • the multicast packet sent by the CE may be sent to the RB2 by RB1 after being encapsulated by the RB1, and then decapsulated by the RB2 and then sent to the CE device.
  • the CE device will receive the packets sent by the CE. This will cause the multicast packets to circulate in the network and waste network resources. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid this happening.
  • the prior art adopts a virtual nickname scheme. Specifically, if the CE connects two routing bridges, the two routing bridges form an edge group, and multiple routing bridges in the edge group have The nickname of the source RB in the TRILL header is the virtual nickname when the RB is encapsulated in the TRILL protocol. The nickname of the source RB in the TRILL header is the virtual nickname.
  • the routing bridge performs TRILL encapsulation on the multicast packet sent by the CE, the source switch nickname in the TRILL header is the real nickname of the RBridge. As shown in Figure 1, CE1 is connected to RB1, CE2 is connected to RB1 and RB2, and CE3 is connected to RB2. CE2 sends a multicast packet to RB1.
  • the source RB in the TRILL header is nickname.
  • the RB2 determines the source nickname in the TRILL header of the multicast packet, and determines that the source nickname is the virtual nickname only when the virtual nickname is determined.
  • the original multicast packet is forwarded to CE3 but not forwarded to CE2. This prevents the multicast packet sent by CE2 from being returned to CE2.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the foregoing solution requires that the RB can encapsulate different nicknames in the source routing bridge nickname of the TRILL header based on the source port when performing TRILL encapsulation on the multicast packet. Requires that when dual grouping (that is, when one CE connects two RBs), RB is required. There are also many nicknames supported, and current commercial chips are difficult to support.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for transmitting a multicast packet and a switch, which can implement a packet transmitted by a user equipment that does not require special access, and does not return to itself through a loop. Avoid wasting network resources.
  • the present invention provides a method for transmitting a multicast packet, including: receiving, by a first switch, a multicast packet from a first user equipment or a second user equipment, where the first user equipment is single-returned Entering the first switch, the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch, and the N is greater than or equal to 2; the first switch determines the designated multicast of the first switch.
  • the specified multicast tree is pre-assigned from the N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, and the N switches belong to the N different designated multicast trees respectively;
  • the multicast packet is encapsulated, and the unique identifier address of the destination switch in the header of the encapsulated multicast packet is a unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch;
  • the specified multicast tree of the first switch forwards the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side.
  • the network side is connected to a multi-link transparent interconnect TRILL network, and the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree is a nickname nickname of the root.
  • the determining the specified multicast tree of the first switch includes: The first switch determines the specified multicast tree of the first switch according to the multicast group identifier carried in the multicast packet and the specified forwarding table configured on the first switch, where the entry of the specified forwarding table includes The multicast group identifier and the identifier of the specified multicast tree; the first switch forwarding the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side by using the specified multicast tree of the first switch includes: The switch forwards the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side by performing a pruned multicast tree on the specified multicast tree of the first switch according to the tenant identifier, where the tenant identifier is according to the group The encapsulated multicast packet further includes the tenant identifier.
  • the present invention provides a method for sending a multicast packet, including: a first switch receives a first multicast packet from a network side; and the first switch performs a solution on the first multicast packet. Encapsulating, obtaining, by the header of the first multicast packet, a destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet; determining whether the destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet is the a unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch; if the destination switch unique identifier of the first multicast packet is not the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, The first switch only goes to the single-homing end of all user-side ports of the multicast group.
  • the port multicasts the decapsulated first multicast packet, where all the user-side ports include at least one single-homed port and at least one multi-homed port, and the at least one multi-homed port connected user equipment multiple active access includes The N switches of the first switch, the designated multicast tree of the first switch is pre-designated from the N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, and the N switches belong to N different designated groups respectively. Broadcast tree, the N is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by the first switch, a second multicast packet from the network side, the second multicast packet, and the first multicast The packet belongs to the same multicast group; the first switch decapsulates the second multicast packet, and obtains the second multicast packet from the header of the second multicast packet.
  • the switch uniquely identifies the address; determines whether the destination switch unique identifier address of the second multicast packet is a unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch; if the destination of the second multicast packet The switch uniquely identifies the address as the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, and the first switch multicasts and decapsulates the second group to all user-side ports of the specified multicast tree. Broadcast message.
  • the network side is connected to a multi-link transparent interconnect TRILL network.
  • the determining the first multicast packet The destination switch uniquely identifies whether the address is a unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, and includes: obtaining the multicast of the first multicast packet according to the tenant identifier of the first multicast packet.
  • the group identifier is configured to search for a specified forwarding table preset on the first switch according to the multicast group identifier of the first multicast packet and the unique identifier address of the destination switch; and when the first multicast packet is found, When the identifier of the multicast group and the address of the destination switch uniquely identify the address, the unique identifier of the destination switch of the first switch is the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch. And determining that the destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet is not a unique identifier address of a root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the present invention provides a switch, where the switch includes: a receiving module, a determining module, a packaging module, and a forwarding module, where the switch is a first switch; and the receiving module is configured to receive from a first user equipment or a multicast packet of the second user equipment, where the first user equipment accesses the first switch, and the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch.
  • N is greater than or equal to 2; the determining module is configured to determine a designated multicast tree of the first switch, where the specified multicast tree is pre-designated from N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, and the N The switch belongs to the N different designated multicast trees, and the encapsulating module is configured to encapsulate the multicast packet, and the destination switch unique identifier address in the header of the encapsulated multicast packet is Determining a unique identifier of a root of a specified multicast tree of the first switch determined by the determining module
  • the forwarding module is configured to forward, by the specified multicast tree of the first switch, the encapsulated module encapsulated multicast packet to the network side.
  • the network side is connected to a multi-link transparent interconnect TRILL network, and the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree is a nickname nickname of the root.
  • the determining module is specifically configured to: according to the multicast group identifier carried in the multicast packet And the specified forwarding table pre-configured on the first switch, the specified multicast tree of the first switch is determined, and the entry of the specified forwarding table includes the multicast group identifier and the identifier of the specified multicast tree.
  • the forwarding module is configured to forward the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side by using the prune-preferred multicast tree of the specified multicast tree of the first switch according to the tenant identifier, where the tenant The identifier is determined according to the multicast group identifier, and the encapsulated multicast packet further includes the tenant identifier.
  • the present invention provides a switch, where the switch includes: a receiving module, a decapsulating module, a determining module, and a sending module, where the switch is a first switch; and the receiving module is configured to receive the first one from the network side.
  • the decapsulation module is configured to decapsulate the first multicast packet after the receiving module receives the first multicast packet from the network side, from the first multicast Obtaining a destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet in the header of the packet; the determining module is configured to determine a destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet that is decapsulated by the decapsulation module Whether it is the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch; the determining result of the sending module is determined by the determining module that the destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet is not The de-encapsulated first multicast packet is sent to the single-homed port multicast of all the user-side ports of the multicast group when the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch is described.
  • All the user-side ports include at least one single-homed port and at least one multi-homed port, and the at least one multi-homed port-connected user equipment accesses N switches including the first switch, the first switch
  • the specified multicast tree is pre-assigned from the N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, and the N switches belong to N different designated multicast trees, and the N is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the receiving module is further configured to receive, by the network side, a second multicast packet, the second multicast packet, and the first multicast packet.
  • the decapsulation module is further configured to: after the receiving module receives the second multicast packet from the network side, decapsulating the second multicast packet from the second Obtaining, by the header of the multicast packet, the destination switch unique identifier address of the second multicast packet; the determining module is further configured to determine, by the decapsulation module, the second multicast packet that is decapsulated The destination switch uniquely identifies whether the address is a unique identifier address of a root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch; The block is further configured to: when the determining result of the determining module is that the destination switch unique identifier address of the second multicast packet is a unique identifier address of a root of a specified multicast tree of the first switch, All user-side ports of the multicast tree multicast and send the decapsulated second multicast packet.
  • the network side is connected to a multi-link transparent interconnect TRILL network.
  • the determining module includes an acquiring unit, a searching unit, and a determining unit, configured to acquire, according to the tenant identifier of the first multicast packet, a multicast group identifier of the first multicast packet, where the searching unit is configured to obtain, according to the acquiring unit, The multicast group identifier of the multicast packet and the destination switch unique identifier address are used to search for a specified forwarding table preset on the first switch; the determining unit is configured to: when the searching unit finds that the first multicast is included When the identifier of the multicast group of the packet and the entry of the destination switch uniquely identify the address, the unique identifier of the destination switch of the first multicast packet is the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch. The address, otherwise, determines that the destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet is not the unique identifier address of the root
  • the second user equipment of the present invention accesses the N switches including the first switch, and the first switch encapsulates the multicast packet when the first switch encapsulates the multicast packet.
  • the unique identifier of the destination switch in the header of the broadcast packet is the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the destination switch unique identifier of the multicast packet After the packet is decapsulated, the destination switch unique identifier of the multicast packet.
  • the address is the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, and the first switch multicasts the multicast packet to all the ports on the user side, if not the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the address of the first switch sends a multicast packet to the user side through the single-homed port.
  • the present invention can implement the multicast packet sent by the second user equipment without returning to the second user equipment itself through the loop.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of networking of a CE accessing a TRILL network through a dual active RB;
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for transmitting a multicast packet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for transmitting a multicast packet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a first switch according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a first switch according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of different transmission strategies determined by RB1 in FIG. 1 when decapsulating different packets
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a physical structure of still another embodiment of a first switch according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of still another embodiment of the first switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a multicast packet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment is a flowchart of a packet encapsulated by a first switch, and includes:
  • Step S101 The first switch receives the multicast packet from the first user equipment or the second user equipment, where the first user equipment accesses the first switch, and the second user equipment accesses the first switch. N switches, the N being greater than or equal to 2.
  • the first user equipment and the second user equipment are network edge devices on the user side, and may be routers, physical switches, servers, and the like.
  • the difference between the first user equipment and the second user equipment is that the first user equipment is connected to only one switch, that is, the first switch, and the second user equipment is connected to two or more switches, that is, in addition to the first switch. And another one or more switches are connected, and each switch connected to the second user equipment can receive the multicast message sent by the second user equipment.
  • the first switch is an ingress switch running in a large Layer 2 network.
  • point-to-point communication between the source host and the destination host that is, unicast
  • point-to-multipoint communication between the source host and all other hosts in the same network segment. that is, broadcast. If you want to send information to multiple hosts instead of all hosts, if you use broadcast mode, sending information to unnecessary hosts will waste bandwidth and cannot be sent across network segments. If unicast is used, duplicate data is used. Not only does the packet consume a lot of bandwidth, it also increases the load on the source host. Therefore, the traditional unicast and broadcast communication methods cannot effectively solve the problem of single-point transmission and multi-point reception.
  • Multicast refers to the sending of data packets to a certain set of nodes (ie, multicast groups) in the IP network.
  • the basic idea is that the source host (that is, the multicast source) only sends one data, and its destination address. It is a multicast group address; all recipients in the multicast group can receive the same data copy, and only hosts in the multicast group can receive the data, but other hosts cannot receive it.
  • the first switch may receive a multicast message from the first user equipment or receive a multicast message from the second user equipment.
  • Step S102 The first switch determines a designated multicast tree of the first switch, where the specified multicast tree is pre-designated from N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, and the N switches belong to N different Specify a multicast tree.
  • the entire network selects N roots based on the priority of the unique identifier of the switch and the size of the medium access control (MAC) address to generate N multicast trees.
  • the N is mainly determined by the N switches connected to the second user equipment, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.
  • the N roots are selected to ensure that the N switches are respectively in the multicast trees with different roots.
  • the first switch After receiving the multicast packet, the first switch determines its own specified multicast tree.
  • the specified multicast tree is pre-assigned from the N multicast trees that have been generated in the network.
  • the N switches belong to N different designations. Multicast tree.
  • the step S102 may be: the first switch determines the designated multicast tree of the first switch according to the multicast group identifier carried in the multicast packet and the specified forwarding table configured on the first switch, and the entry of the specified forwarding table includes The multicast group ID and the ID of the specified multicast tree.
  • the multicast group ID is used to identify the multicast group on the user side.
  • the multicast group ID can be a virtual local area network (English: Virtual Local Area Network, abbreviation: VLAN) identifier or other information that can uniquely identify a multicast group, such as a VLAN. ID + multicast group MAC address.
  • the multicast group IDs are the same, indicating that they are in the same multicast group.
  • the multicast group IDs are different, indicating that they are not the same multicast group.
  • multicast groups are usually identified by the tenant ID.
  • the identifier of the specified multicast tree is the unique identifier of the root of the multicast tree.
  • the entry of the specified forwarding table includes the multicast group identifier and the identifier of the specified multicast tree.
  • the specified forwarding table pre-configured on the first switch can be found with the multicast group identifier.
  • the network side is connected with a multi-link transparent interconnection TRILL network. Specifies the unique identifier of the root of the multicast tree as the root nickname nickname.
  • Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (English: Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links, TRILL) is a new protocol for building large-scale Layer 2 networks, and is also an Internet Engineering Task Force (English: Internet Engineering Task Force Abbreviation: IETF) ) Recommended connection layer (L2) network standard.
  • the network side can also be connected to other large Layer 2 networks, for example, the Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks (L2VPN) of the virtual private network, and the embodiment of the present invention can be used for the L2VPN. .
  • L2VPN Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks
  • Step S103 The first switch encapsulates the multicast packet, and the destination switch unique identifier address in the header of the encapsulated multicast packet is a unique identifier address of the root of the designated multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the first switch is specifically an RB, and the destination switch uniquely identifies an address
  • the body is the nickname nickname of the root RB.
  • the header of the TRILL packet includes the outer destination destination MAC address, the outer source MAC address, the destination switch nickname, and the source switch nickname.
  • the multicast packet is encapsulated, and only the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch is encapsulated, that is, the first switch encapsulates the unique identifier address of the destination switch of the multicast packet into the first The unique identification address of the root of the specified multicast tree of a switch.
  • the N switches that are connected to the second user equipment belong to different multicast trees, that is, the N switches connected to the second user equipment encapsulate the multicast packets.
  • the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the switch This helps the decapsulated switch to identify and discard the multicast packets.
  • the multicast packets are not forwarded to the second user equipment.
  • the multicast packet is returned to the second user equipment itself, thereby achieving the purpose of breaking the ring.
  • Step S104 The first switch forwards the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side through the designated multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the first switch After the multicast packet is encapsulated, the first switch forwards the encapsulated multicast packet to the network through its specified multicast tree.
  • the first switch forwards the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side by using the specified multicast tree of the first switch, and the first switch performs the pruning group on the designated multicast tree of the first switch according to the tenant identifier.
  • the broadcast tree forwards the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side.
  • the tenant identifier is determined according to the multicast group identifier, and the encapsulated multicast packet further includes the tenant identifier.
  • the multicast group is usually identified by the tenant representation.
  • the first switch obtains the tenant ID by using the correspondence between the multicast group identifier and the tenant ID.
  • the mapping between the multicast group identifier and the tenant identifier may be configured in the specified forwarding table or in a separate table.
  • the tenant ID may be the same as or different from the multicast group identifier.
  • the tenant ID is used to identify the forwarding object. According to the tenant ID, you can learn which devices a multicast group needs to forward to, and which devices do not need to be forwarded to.
  • the switch does not need to forward the multicast packet carrying the corresponding tenant ID, and the switch can be deleted from the multicast tree corresponding to the multicast packet. That is, pruning, in this way, you can avoid wasting network resources and improving network utilization.
  • the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch.
  • the destination switch uniquely identifies the address in the header of the multicast packet. The unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch. In this way, the chip that does not require special requirements does not need to pass the loop. Returns the user device itself.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for transmitting a multicast packet according to the present invention.
  • This embodiment is a flowchart for decapsulating a multicast packet by a first switch, including:
  • Step S201 The first switch receives the multicast packet from the network side.
  • the first switch is a switch that runs in a large Layer 2 network.
  • the multicast packet is the first multicast packet or the second multicast packet.
  • the first multicast packet is from the user equipment of the active access switch, and the second multicast packet is from the single-homed access switch. User equipment.
  • the first multicast packet and the second multicast packet belong to the same multicast group. Packets of the same multicast group are sent through multiple multicast trees, which can implement load sharing and achieve the purpose of the present invention.
  • the network side is connected with a multi-link transparent interconnection TRILL network.
  • the network side can also be connected to other large Layer 2 networks, for example, the connection layer L2VPN of the virtual private network, and the like, and the embodiment of the present invention can be used for breaking the L2VPN.
  • Step S202 The first switch decapsulates the multicast packet, and obtains the unique identifier address of the destination switch of the multicast packet from the header of the multicast packet.
  • the decapsulation of the multicast packet from the network side by the first switch is the basic function of the first switch.
  • the multicast packet here is decapsulated by the first switch regardless of the multicast tree from the network side. .
  • Step S203 The first switch determines whether the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet is a unique identifier address of the root of the designated multicast tree of the first switch. If yes, go to step S204, if no, go to step S205.
  • the destination switch uniquely identifies the address of the multicast packet as the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, so that the first switch determines the policy for sending the multicast packet.
  • the step S203 may specifically be:
  • the multicast group identifier of the multicast packet is obtained according to the tenant identifier of the multicast packet.
  • the first switch obtains the corresponding multicast group identifier according to the tenant identifier in the multicast packet on the network side and the corresponding relationship between the pre-configured multicast group identifier and the tenant identifier.
  • the entry of the specified forwarding table includes the multicast group identifier and the identifier of the specified multicast tree, and the first switch finds the designation of the first switch corresponding to the multicast group identifier according to the specified forwarding table pre-configured on the first switch.
  • the identifier of the multicast tree, the identifier of the multicast tree is the unique identifier of the root of the multicast tree, so that the specified multicast tree of the first switch can be determined, and the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree is determined. address.
  • the mapping between the multicast group identifier and the tenant identifier may be configured in the specified forwarding table or in a separate table.
  • the destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet is the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch. Otherwise, the destination switch unique identifier address of the first multicast packet is not the first. The unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the switch.
  • Step S204 If it is the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, the first switch multicasts and sends the decapsulated multicast packet to all user-side ports of the specified multicast tree. All the user-side ports include at least one single-homed port and at least one multi-homed port, and at least one multi-homed port connected user equipment accesses N switches including the first switch, and the designated multicast tree of the first switch is Pre-specified from the N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, the N switches belong to N different designated multicast trees, and N is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the decapsulated multicast packet includes the multicast group identifier.
  • the user equipment connected to the first switch usually includes two types, one is a first user equipment, the first user equipment is only connected to the first switch, and the other is a second user equipment, and the second user equipment is apart from the first
  • the switch is connected to and connected to at least one switch other than the first switch, that is, the second user equipment is connected to N switches, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.
  • the N switches belong to different multicast trees in the network side, so that the multicast packets sent by the second user equipment are returned to the second user equipment itself.
  • Ports on the user side include two types of ports, one type of port is a single-homed port (Ports on RB which connected to a single-homed device), and the other type of port is a multi-homed port (Ports on RB which connected To a multi-homed device, the at least one multi-homed user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch, the first user equipment is connected to the first switch through the single-homed port, and the second user equipment passes through The port is connected to the first switch.
  • one type of port is a single-homed port
  • the other type of port is a multi-homed port
  • the multicast packet is the second multicast packet, and the first switch sends all the packets to the specified multicast tree.
  • the user-side port that is, the single-homed port and the multi-homed port
  • Step S205 If it is not the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, the first switch only sends the decapsulated multicast packet to the single-homed port multicast in all the user-side ports of the multicast group.
  • the multicast packet is the first multicast packet, indicating the switch that encapsulates the multicast packet.
  • the first switch is connected to the second user equipment.
  • the multicast packet is sent by the second user equipment.
  • the unique identifier of the destination switch of the multicast packet is not the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the second user equipment does not want the group.
  • the broadcast packet is returned to itself. Therefore, the first switch can send multicast packets through the single-homed port multicast on the user side to prevent the multicast packet from being returned to the second user equipment itself.
  • the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch. If the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet is the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, A switch multicasts a multicast packet to all the ports on the user side. If the switch is not the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, the first switch sends a multicast packet to the user side through the single-homed port. In this way, the chip that is sent by the second user equipment does not return to the second user equipment itself through the loop.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a first switch according to the present invention.
  • the first switch is a switch for encapsulating a multicast packet, and includes: a receiving module 101, a determining module 102, a packaging module 103, and a forwarding module 104. .
  • the receiving module 101 is configured to receive a multicast packet from the first user equipment or the second user equipment, where the first user equipment accesses the first switch, and the second user equipment accesses the N that includes the first switch. Switches, N is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the first user equipment and the second user equipment are network edge devices on the user side.
  • the difference between the first user equipment and the second user equipment is that the first user equipment is connected to only one switch, that is, the first switch, and the second user equipment is connected to two or more switches, that is, in addition to the first switch. And another one or more switches are connected, and each switch connected to the second user equipment can receive the multicast message sent by the second user equipment.
  • the first switch is an ingress switch running in a large Layer 2 network.
  • Multicast refers to the sending of data packets to a certain set of nodes (ie, multicast groups) in the IP network.
  • the basic idea is that the source host (that is, the multicast source) only sends one data, and its destination address. It is a multicast group address; all recipients in the multicast group can receive the same data copy, and only hosts in the multicast group can receive the data, but other hosts cannot receive it.
  • the first switch may receive a multicast message from the first user equipment or receive a multicast message from the second user equipment.
  • the determining module 102 is configured to determine, after the receiving module 101 receives the multicast message from the first user equipment or the second user equipment, the designated multicast tree of the first switch, and specify that the multicast tree is N generated from the network.
  • the N switches specified in the multicast tree belong to N different designated multicast trees.
  • the entire network selects N roots according to the priority of the unique identifier address of the switch and the size of the medium access control MAC address, and generates N multicast trees.
  • N depends mainly on the second user setting N switches that are connected
  • N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2
  • N roots are selected to ensure that the N switches are respectively in multicast trees with different roots.
  • the first switch After receiving the multicast packet, the first switch determines its own designated multicast tree.
  • the specified multicast tree is pre-designated from the N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, and the N switches belong to N different types. Specifies the multicast tree.
  • the network side is connected to the multi-link transparent interconnect TRILL network, and the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree is the nickname nickname of the root.
  • TRILL is a new protocol for building large-scale Layer 2 networks and is also the L2 network standard recommended by the IETF.
  • the network side can also be connected to other large Layer 2 networks, for example, the connection layer L2VPN of the virtual private network, and the like, and the embodiment of the present invention can be used for breaking the L2VPN.
  • the determining module 102 is specifically configured to determine the specified multicast tree of the first switch according to the multicast group identifier carried in the multicast packet and the specified forwarding table configured on the first switch, and the entry of the specified forwarding table includes the multicast group. ID and the ID of the specified multicast tree.
  • the multicast group ID is used to identify the multicast group on the user side.
  • the multicast group ID can be a VLAN ID or other information that can uniquely identify the multicast group.
  • the multicast group IDs are the same, indicating that they are in the same multicast group.
  • the multicast group IDs are different, indicating that they are not the same multicast group.
  • multicast groups are usually identified by the tenant ID.
  • the identifier of the specified multicast tree is the unique identifier of the root of the multicast tree.
  • the entry of the specified forwarding table includes the multicast group identifier and the identifier of the specified multicast tree.
  • the specified forwarding table pre-configured on the first switch can be found with the multicast group identifier.
  • the encapsulation module 103 is configured to encapsulate the multicast packet, and the destination switch unique identifier address in the header of the encapsulated multicast packet is a unique identifier address of the root of the designated multicast tree of the first switch determined by the determining module 102. .
  • the first switch is specifically an RB, and the destination switch uniquely identifies an address, specifically a nickname nickname of the root RB.
  • the header of the TRILL multicast packet includes the outer destination destination MAC address, the outer source MAC address, the destination switch nickname, and the source switch nickname.
  • the multicast packet is encapsulated, and only the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch is encapsulated, that is, the first switch encapsulates the unique identifier address of the destination switch of the multicast packet into the first The unique identification address of the root of the specified multicast tree of a switch.
  • the N switches including the first switch that belong to the second user equipment belong to different designated multicast trees, that is, the N switches connected to the second user equipment encapsulate the multicast packet. , all only The unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree that is encapsulated in the switch. This helps the decapsulated switch to identify and discard the multicast packets.
  • the multicast packets are not forwarded to the second user equipment.
  • the multicast message is prevented from being returned to the second user equipment itself, thereby achieving the purpose of breaking the ring.
  • the forwarding module 104 is configured to forward, by the specified multicast tree of the first switch, the multicast packet encapsulated by the encapsulating module 103 to the network side.
  • the first switch After the multicast packet is encapsulated, the first switch forwards the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side according to its specified multicast tree.
  • the forwarding module 104 is configured to forward the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side by using the multiplexed multicast tree of the specified multicast tree of the first switch according to the tenant identifier, where the tenant identifier is determined according to the multicast group identifier.
  • the encapsulated multicast packet also includes the tenant identifier.
  • the multicast group is usually identified by the tenant ID.
  • the tenant ID is used to identify the forwarding object. According to the tenant ID, you can know which devices a multicast group needs to forward to which devices, and which devices do not need to be forwarded.
  • a switch does not access the device corresponding to a tenant ID, The switch does not need to forward the multicast packet carrying the corresponding tenant ID, and the switch can be deleted from the multicast tree corresponding to the multicast packet, that is, the pruning. In this way, the network resource can be wasted. To improve network utilization.
  • the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch.
  • the destination switch When the first switch encapsulates the multicast packet, the destination switch uniquely identifies the address in the header of the multicast packet. The unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch. In this way, the chip that does not require special requirements does not need to pass the loop. Returns the user device itself.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a first switch according to the present invention.
  • the first switch in this embodiment is a switch for decapsulating a multicast packet, and includes: a receiving module 201, a decapsulation module 202, and a determining module. 203 and a sending module 204.
  • the receiving module 201 is configured to receive the multicast packet from the network side, where the multicast packet may be the first multicast packet or the second multicast packet, where the second multicast packet and the first multicast packet belong to The same multicast group.
  • the first multicast packet is from the user equipment of the active access switch
  • the second multicast packet is from the user equipment of the single access switch.
  • the first multicast packet and the second multicast packet belong to the same multicast group.
  • the packets of the same multicast group are sent through multiple trees, which can implement load sharing and achieve the purpose of the present invention.
  • the network side is connected with a multi-link transparent interconnection TRILL network.
  • the network side can also be connected to other large Layer 2 networks, for example, the connection layer L2VPN of the virtual private network, and the like, and the embodiment of the present invention can be used for breaking the L2VPN.
  • the decapsulation module 202 is configured to decapsulate the multicast packet after receiving the multicast packet from the network side, and obtain the unique identifier of the destination switch of the multicast packet from the head of the multicast packet. address.
  • the decapsulation of the multicast packet from the network side is the basic function of the first switch.
  • the multicast packet here is the demultiplexing module 202 of the first switch. Decapsulation.
  • the determining module 203 is configured to determine whether the destination switch unique identifier address of the decapsulated multicast packet of the decapsulation module 202 is a unique identifier address of a root of the designated multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the determining module 203 includes an obtaining unit, a searching unit, and a determining unit.
  • the obtaining unit is configured to obtain the multicast group identifier of the multicast packet according to the tenant identifier of the multicast packet.
  • the first switch obtains the corresponding multicast group identifier according to the tenant identifier in the multicast packet on the network side and the corresponding relationship between the pre-configured multicast group identifier and the tenant identifier.
  • the searching unit is configured to search for a specified forwarding table preset on the first switch according to the multicast group identifier of the multicast packet obtained by the obtaining unit and the unique identifier address of the destination switch.
  • the entry of the specified forwarding table includes the multicast group identifier and the identifier of the specified multicast tree, and the first switch finds the designation of the first switch corresponding to the multicast group identifier according to the specified forwarding table pre-configured on the first switch.
  • the identifier of the multicast tree, the identifier of the multicast tree is the unique identifier of the root of the multicast tree, so that the specified multicast tree of the first switch can be determined, and the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree is determined. address.
  • the mapping between the multicast group identifier and the tenant identifier may be configured in the specified forwarding table or in a separate table.
  • the determining unit is configured to: when the searching unit finds the identifier of the multicast group that includes the multicast packet and the entry of the destination switch unique identifier address, the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet is the designated multicast of the first switch. The unique identifier of the root of the tree. Otherwise, the destination switch unique identifier of the multicast packet is not the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the sending module 204 is configured to: when the determining result of the determining module 203 is that the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet is not the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, only to all user side ports of the multicast group.
  • the single-homed port multicast sends the decapsulated multicast packet, and all the user-side ports include at least one single-homed port and at least one multi-homed port, and at least one multi-homed port connected user equipment multiple active access includes the first
  • the N switches of the switch, the designated multicast tree of the first switch is pre-assigned from the N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, and the N switches belong to N different designated multicast trees, and N is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the decapsulated multicast packet includes the multicast group identifier.
  • the user equipment connected to the first switch usually includes two types, one is a first user equipment, the first user equipment is only connected to the first switch, and the other is a second user equipment, and the second user equipment is apart from the first
  • the switch is connected to and connected to at least one switch other than the first switch, that is, the second user equipment is connected to N switches, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.
  • the N switches belong to different designated multicast trees in the network side, so that the multicast packets sent by the second user equipment are returned to the second user equipment itself.
  • All ports of the first switch include two types of ports, one type of port is a single-homed port, and the other type of port is a multi-homed port, and at least one multi-homed port connected user equipment multiple active access includes the first The N switches of the switch, the first user equipment is connected to the first switch through a single-homed port, and the second user equipment is connected to the first switch through the multi-homing port.
  • the multicast packet is the first multicast packet, indicating the switch that encapsulates the multicast packet.
  • the first switch is connected to the second user equipment.
  • the multicast packet is sent by the second user equipment.
  • the unique identifier of the destination switch of the multicast packet is not the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the second user equipment does not want the group.
  • the broadcast packet is returned to itself. Therefore, the first switch can multicast the multicast packet to the user side through the single-homed port of the first switch to prevent the multicast packet from being returned to the second user equipment itself.
  • the sending module 204 is further configured to: when the determining result of the determining module 203 is that the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet is the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, to all user sides of the specified multicast tree. Port multicast sends the decapsulated multicast packet.
  • the multicast packet is the second multicast packet, and the first switch sends all the packets to the specified multicast tree.
  • the user-side port that is, the single-homed port and the multi-homed port
  • the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch. If the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet is the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, A switch multicasts multicast packets to all ports on the user side. If it is not the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, the first switch sends a multicast report to the first user equipment through the single-homed port. Text. In this way, the chip that is sent by the second user equipment does not return to the second user equipment itself through the loop.
  • first switch that encapsulates the multicast packet and the first switch that decapsulates the multicast packet are separately described. In actual applications, the two first switches may also be combined into one. The switch is not mentioned here.
  • CE1 ie, the first user equipment
  • CE2 ie, the second user equipment
  • CE3 that is, the first user equipment
  • TREE1 TREE1
  • TREE2 TREE2
  • RB1 encapsulates the unique identifier of the destination switch in the multicast packet header as the nickname of the root of the multicast tree TREE1.
  • RB2 encapsulates the unique identifier of the destination switch in the multicast packet header into a group. The nickname of the root of the tree TREE2.
  • RB1 encapsulates the unique identifier of the destination switch in the multicast packet header into the root nickname of the TREE1, and forwards the packet according to the prune of the multicast tree TREE1.
  • the multicast packet of the user equipment on the RB2 the RB2 encapsulates the unique identifier of the destination switch in the header of the multicast packet into the root nickname of the TREE2, and forwards the packet according to the prune of the multicast tree TREE2.
  • RB1 and RB2 can decapsulate the multicast packets of the two multicast trees TREE1 sent by the network side (that is, the unique identifier address of the destination switch in the multicast packet header is the root nickname of TREE1) and TREE2. Multicast packet (that is, the unique identifier of the destination switch in the multicast packet header is the root nickname of TREE2).
  • RB1 decapsulates the multicast packet of the multicast tree TREE1 (that is, the nickname of the root of the destination switch in the multicast packet header is the root name of the TREE1) to all ports (single-homed port and multi-homed port). Sending, for example, to both CE1 and CE2; RB1 decapsulates the multicast packet of the multicast tree TREE2 (that is, the unique identifier of the destination switch in the header of the multicast packet is the nickname of the root of TREE2), only to the single It is sent to the port and is not sent to the port. For example, it is sent to CE1 and is not sent to CE2, as shown in Figure 6.
  • RB2 decapsulates the multicast packet of the multicast tree TREE1 and sends it to the port only. It does not send multiple ports to the port. For example, it sends to CE3 and does not send to CE2.
  • RB2 decapsulates the multicast tree of TREE2. The text is sent to all ports, for example, to both CE3 and CE2.
  • the unique identifier of the destination switch that RB1 always encapsulates multicast packets is the nickname of the root of the multicast tree TREE1
  • the unique identifier of the destination switch that RB2 always encapsulates multicast packets is the nickname of the root of the multicast tree TREE2. So don't worry about CE2 to RB1 returning to CE2 via RB2.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical structure of still another embodiment of a first switch according to the present disclosure.
  • the first switch is a switch that encapsulates multicast messages, and includes: a processor 11, a memory 12 coupled to the processor 11, a transmitter 13, and a receiver 14.
  • the receiver 14 is configured to receive a multicast message from the first user equipment or the second user equipment, and store the received multicast message in the memory 12, where the first user equipment is directly accessed.
  • the first switch, the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch, and N is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the memory 12 is used to store the generated multicast tree in the network side.
  • the processor 11 is configured to retrieve the generated multicast tree in the network side stored in the memory 12, determine a designated multicast tree of the first switch, and specify that the multicast tree is pre-generated from the N multicast trees generated in the network.
  • the specified N switches belong to N different designated multicast trees.
  • the processor 11 is configured to retrieve the multicast packet stored in the memory 12, and encapsulate the multicast packet, where the destination switch unique identifier address in the header of the encapsulated multicast packet is the first The unique identification address of the root of the specified multicast tree of a switch.
  • the processor 11 is configured to control the transmitter 13 to forward the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side through the specified multicast tree of the first switch.
  • the network side is connected to a multi-link transparent interconnect TRILL network.
  • the processor 11 is further configured to determine, according to the multicast group identifier carried in the multicast packet and the specified forwarding table configured on the first switch, the specified multicast tree of the first switch, and the entry of the specified forwarding table includes the multicast group identifier and Specifies the ID of the multicast tree.
  • the processor 11 is further configured to control the transmitter 13 to forward the encapsulated multicast packet to the network side by using the multiplexed multicast tree of the specified multicast tree of the first switch according to the tenant identifier, where the tenant identifier is according to the multicast group.
  • the encapsulated multicast packet further includes the tenant identifier.
  • the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch.
  • the destination switch When the first switch encapsulates the multicast packet, the destination switch uniquely identifies the address in the header of the multicast packet. The unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch. In this manner, the chip that does not need the special requirement is not required, and the multicast packet sent by the second user equipment does not return to the second through the loop. User device itself.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a physical structure of a first switch according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first switch in this embodiment is a switch for decapsulating a multicast packet, and includes: a processor 21 and a processor 21 coupled thereto.
  • the receiver 24 is configured to receive the multicast packet from the network side, and store the received multicast packet in the memory 22.
  • the multicast packet may be the first multicast packet or the second multicast packet.
  • the second multicast packet and the first multicast packet belong to The same multicast group.
  • the first multicast packet is from the user equipment of the active access switch, and the second multicast packet is from the user equipment of the single access switch.
  • the first multicast packet and the second multicast packet belong to the same multicast group.
  • the packets of the same multicast group are sent through two trees, which can implement load sharing and achieve the purpose of the present invention.
  • the processor 21 is configured to retrieve the multicast packet stored in the memory 22, decapsulate the multicast packet, and obtain the destination switch uniquely from the header of the multicast packet. Identify the address.
  • the processor 21 is configured to determine whether the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet is a unique identifier address of a root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, if the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet Is the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, and the processor 21 controls the sender 23 to multicast and send the decapsulated second multicast packet to all the user-side ports of the specified multicast tree, where All user side ports include at least one single-homed port and at least one multi-homed port, and at least one multi-homed port connected user equipment accesses N switches including the first switch, and the designated multicast tree of the first switch is Pre-specified in the N multicast trees that have been generated in the network, the N switches belong to N different designated multicast trees, and N is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the processor 21 controls the transmitter 23 to only all the user side ports of the multicast group.
  • the single-homed port multicast sends the decapsulated multicast packet.
  • the network side is connected to a multi-link transparent interconnect TRILL network.
  • the second user equipment accesses the N switches including the first switch. If the destination switch unique identifier address of the multicast packet is the unique identifier address of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, A switch multicasts a multicast packet to all the ports on the user side. If the switch is not the unique identifier of the root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch, the first switch sends a multicast packet to the user side through the single-homed port. In this way, the chip that is sent by the second user equipment does not return to the second user equipment itself through the loop.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种发送组播报文的方法及交换机，该方法包括接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文，其中，第一用户设备单归接入第一交换机，第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机；确定第一交换机的指定组播树，指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树；对组播报文进行封装，封装后的组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；通过第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发封装后的组播报文。通过上述方式，本发明能够不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现第二用户设备发送的组播报文不会通过环路返回第二用户设备自身。

Description

发送组播报文的方法及交换机
本申请要求于2014年3月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410114892.8、发明名称为“发送组播报文的方法及交换机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及网络技术领域，特别是涉及一种发送组播报文的方法及交换机。
背景技术
多链接透明互联(英文：Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links，缩写：TRILL)是一种新的用于构建大规模二层网络的协议,在TRILL双活的场景下，用户设备(英文：Customer Edge，缩写CE)连接两台路由桥(英文：Routing Bridge，缩写：RB)RB1和RB2，进行双活组网。此时，CE发出的组播报文经过RB1封装后，有可能会被RB1发送到RB2，并由RB2解封装后再发送到CE设备。这样CE设备会收到自己发送的报文，这会引起组播报文在网络中的循环，造成网络资源的浪费。因此，需要避免这种情况发生。
为了避免上述情况发生，现有技术采用虚拟昵称(nickname)的方案，具体是：如果CE连接两台路由桥，该两台路由桥组成了一个边缘组，该边缘组中的多个路由桥具有共同的虚拟nickname，则边缘组中的路由桥在对该CE发送的组播报文进行TRILL协议封装时，TRILL头中的源路由桥的nickname为该虚拟nickname；如果CE仅连接一台路由桥，路由桥对该CE发送的组播报文进行TRILL封装时，TRILL头中的源交换机nickname是该路由桥真实的nickname。如图1所示：CE1连接RB1，CE2连接RB1和RB2，CE3连接RB2，CE2发送组播报文给RB1，RB1对该组播报文进行TRILL封装时，TRILL头中的源路由桥nickname是虚拟nickname，RB2收到该TRILL封装后的组播报文之后，根据该组播报文的TRILL头中的源路由桥nickname进行判断，当确定该源nickname为虚拟nickname时，只在对该TRILL报文解封装得到原始组播报文后，将该原始组播报文转发一份给CE3，但不转发给CE2，从而防止CE2发送的组播报文又返回给CE2。
但是，本申请的发明人在研发中发现，上述方案要求RB可以基于源端口在对组播报文进行TRILL封装时在TRILL头的源路由桥nickname中封装不同的nickname，这对芯片有特殊的要求，当双归组(即一台CE连接两台RB的情况)较多的时候，要求RB 支持的nickname也较多，当前商用芯片很难支持。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种发送组播报文的方法及交换机，能够不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现多活接入的用户设备发送的报文不会通过环路返回自身，从而避免浪费网络资源。
第一方面，本发明提供一种发送组播报文的方法，包括：第一交换机接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文，其中，所述第一用户设备单归接入所述第一交换机，所述第二用户设备多活接入包括所述第一交换机的N个交换机，所述N大于等于2；所述第一交换机确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于所述N个不同的指定组播树；所述第一交换机对所述组播报文进行封装，封装后的组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；所述第一交换机通过所述第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文。
在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络，所述指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址为所述根的昵称nickname。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，具体包括：所述第一交换机根据所述组播报文中携带的组播组标识以及所述第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表，确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定转发表的表项包括所述组播组标识以及所述指定组播树的标识；所述第一交换机通过所述第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文包括：所述第一交换机通过根据所述租户标识对所述第一交换机的指定组播树进行剪枝后的组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文，所述租户标识是根据所述组播组标识确定的，所述封装后的组播报文还包括所述租户标识。
第二方面，本发明提供一种发送组播报文的方法，包括：第一交换机接收来自网络侧的第一组播报文；所述第一交换机对所述第一组播报文进行解封装，从所述第一组播报文的头部中获得所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址；确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；若所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则所述第一交换机仅向所述组播组的所有用户侧端口中的单归端 口组播发送解封装后的第一组播报文，所述所有用户侧端口包括至少一个单归端口和至少一个多归端口，所述至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括所述第一交换机的N个交换机，所述第一交换机的指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树，所述N大于等于2。
在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：第一交换机接收来自网络侧的第二组播报文，所述第二组播报文和所述第一组播报文属于同一组播组；所述第一交换机对所述第二组播报文进行解封装，从所述第二组播报文的头部中获得所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址；确定所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；若所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则所述第一交换机向所述指定组播树的所有用户侧端口组播发送解封装后的第二组播报文。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。
结合第二方面、第二方面的第一种或第二种中任意一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址包括：根据所述第一组播报文的租户标识获取所述第一组播报文的组播组标识；根据所述第一组播报文的组播组标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址查找所述第一交换机上预先设置的指定转发表；当查找到包括所述第一组播报文的组播组的标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址的表项时，确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，否则，确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
第三方面，本发明提供一种交换机，所述交换机包括：接收模块、确定模块、封装模块以及转发模块，所述交换机为第一交换机；所述接收模块用于接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文，其中，所述第一用户设备单归接入所述第一交换机，所述第二用户设备多活接入包括所述第一交换机的N个交换机，所述N大于等于2；所述确定模块用于确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于所述N个不同的指定组播树；所述封装模块用于对所述组播报文进行封装，封装后的组播报文的的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述确定模块确定的所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地 址；所述转发模块用于通过所述第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发所述封装模块封装后的组播报文。
在第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络，所述指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址为所述根的昵称nickname。
结合第三方面、第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述确定模块具体用于根据所述组播报文中携带的组播组标识以及所述第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表，确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定转发表的表项包括所述组播组标识以及所述指定组播树的标识；所述转发模块具体用于通过根据所述租户标识对所述第一交换机的指定组播树进行剪枝后的组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文，所述租户标识是根据所述组播组标识确定的，所述封装后的组播报文还包括所述租户标识。
第四方面，本发明提供一种交换机，所述交换机包括：接收模块、解封装模块、确定模块以及发送模块，所述交换机为第一交换机；所述接收模块用于接收来自网络侧的第一组播报文；所述解封装模块用于在所述接收模块接收来自网络侧的第一组播报文后，对所述第一组播报文进行解封装，从所述第一组播报文的头部中获得所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址；所述确定模块用于确定所述解封装模块解封装后的第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；所述发送模块用于在所述确定模块的确定结果是所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址时，仅向所述组播组的所有用户侧端口中的单归端口组播发送解封装后的第一组播报文，所述所有用户侧端口包括至少一个单归端口和至少一个多归端口，所述至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括所述第一交换机的N个交换机，所述第一交换机的指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树，所述N大于等于2。
在第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述接收模块还用于接收来自网络侧的第二组播报文，所述第二组播报文和所述第一组播报文属于同一组播组；所述解封装模块还用于在所述接收模块接收来自网络侧的第二组播报文后，对所述第二组播报文进行解封装，从所述第二组播报文的头部中获得所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址；所述确定模块还用于确定所述解封装模块解封装后的所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；所述发送模 块还用于在所述确定模块的确定结果是所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址时，向所述指定组播树的所有用户侧端口组播发送解封装后的第二组播报文。
结合第四方面、第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。
结合第四方面、第四方面的第一种或第二种中任意一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述确定模块包括获取单元、查找单元以及确定单元；所述获取单元用于根据所述第一组播报文的租户标识获取所述第一组播报文的组播组标识；所述查找单元用于根据所述获取单元获得的第一组播报文的组播组标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址查找所述第一交换机上预先设置的指定转发表；所述确定单元用于当所述查找单元查找到包括所述第一组播报文的组播组的标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址的表项时，确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，否则，确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
本发明的有益效果是：区别于现有技术的情况，本发明第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一交换机在对组播报文进行封装时，所述组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；在解封装组播报文后，若组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则第一交换机向用户侧的所有端口组播发送组播报文，若不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则第一交换机通过单归端口向用户侧发送组播报文。通过上述方式，本发明能够不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现第二用户设备发送的组播报文不会通过环路返回第二用户设备自身。
附图说明
图1是CE通过双活RB接入TRILL网络的组网示意图；
图2是本发明发送组播报文的方法一实施方式的流程图
图3是本发明发送组播报文的方法另一实施方式的流程图；
图4是本发明第一交换机的一实施方式的结构示意图；
图5是本发明第一交换机另一实施方式的结构示意图；
图6是图1中RB1在解封装不同的报文时所确定的不同的发送策略示意图；
图7是本发明第一交换机又一实施方式的实体结构示意图；
图8是本发明第一交换机又一实施方式的实体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
参阅图2，图2是本发明发送组播报文的方法一实施方式的流程图，本实施方式是第一交换机封装报文的流程图，包括：
步骤S101：第一交换机接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文，其中，第一用户设备单归接入第一交换机，第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，所述N大于等于2。
第一用户设备和第二用户设备是用户侧的网络边缘设备，可以是路由器，也可以是物理交换机，或者服务器等。第一用户设备和第二用户设备的区别是：第一用户设备只连接一台交换机，即第一交换机，第二用户设备连接了两台或两台以上的交换机，即除了连接第一交换机外，还连接了其它的一台或多台交换机，并且每个与第二用户设备连接的交换机都能接收到该第二用户设备发送的组播报文。第一交换机是运行在大二层网络中的入口交换机。
传统的通信有两种方式：一种是在源主机与目的主机之间点对点的通信，即单播；另一种是在源主机与同一网段中所有其它主机之间点对多点的通信，即广播。如果要将信息发送给多个主机而非所有主机，若采用广播方式，将信息发送给不需要的主机会浪费带宽，并且也不能实现跨网段发送；若采用单播方式实现，重复的数据包不仅会占用大量带宽，也会增加源主机的负载。所以，传统的单播和广播通信方式不能有效地解决单点发送、多点接收的问题。组播是指在IP网络中发送端将数据包发送到某个确定的节点集合(即组播组)，其基本思想是：源主机(即组播源)只发送一份数据，其目的地址为组播组地址；组播组中的所有接收者都可收到同样的数据拷贝，并且只有组播组内的主机可以接收该数据，而其它主机则不能收到。
第一交换机可能接收来自第一用户设备的组播报文，或者接收来自第二用户设备的组播报文。
步骤S102：第一交换机确定第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树。
大二层网络建立之后，整个网络根据交换机的唯一标识地址的优先级和介质访问控制(英文：Media Access Control，缩写：MAC)地址的大小来选出N个根，生成N棵组播树。其中，N主要取决于第二用户设备连接的N个交换机，N为大于或等于2的自然数，选出N个根，是为了保证N个交换机分别在具有不同的根的组播树上。
第一交换机接收到组播报文后，确定自己的指定组播树，指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树。
其中，步骤S102具体可以为：第一交换机根据组播报文中携带的组播组标识以及第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表，确定第一交换机的指定组播树，指定转发表的表项包括组播组标识以及指定组播树的标识。
组播组标识是用于在用户侧标识组播组的，组播组标识可以是虚拟局域网(英文：Virtual Local Area Network，缩写：VLAN)标识或其他能够唯一标识组播组的信息，例如VLAN标识+组播组MAC地址。组播组标识相同，说明是同一个组播组，组播组标识不相同，说明不是同一个组播组。在TRILL网络侧，通常通过租户标识来标识组播组。
指定组播树的标识为所述组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
指定转发表的表项包括组播组标识以及指定组播树的标识，根据组播报文中携带的组播组标识，即可在第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表找到与该组播组标识对应的第一交换机的指定组播树的标识，从而可以确定第一交换机的指定组播树，并确定所述指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
其中，网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址为根的昵称nickname。
多链接透明互联(英文：Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links，缩写：TRILL)是一种新的用于构建大规模二层网络的协议，而且也是互联网工程任务组(英文：Internet Engineering Task Force缩写：IETF)推荐的连接层(L2)网络标准。
当然，网络侧连接的还可以是其它的大二层网络，例如：虚拟专用网络的连接层(英文：Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks，缩写：L2VPN)等，本发明实施方式可以用于L2VPN的破环。
步骤S103：第一交换机对组播报文进行封装，封装后的组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
在TRILL网络中，所述第一交换机具体为RB，所述目的交换机唯一标识地址，具 体为根RB的昵称nickname。TRILL报文的头部包括外层目的MAC地址、外层源MAC地址、目的交换机nickname、源交换机nickname等字段内容。在本发明中，对组播报文进行封装，仅仅只是封装到第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，即第一交换机将组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址封装为第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
由于与第二用户设备连接的包括第一交换机在内的N个交换机分别属于不同的组播树，也就是说与第二用户设备连接的N个交换机在封装组播报文时，都仅仅封装到各自交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，这有助于解封装的交换机在转发组播报文时进行识别判断，不将该组播报文转发给第二用户设备，可以避免该组播报文返回第二用户设备自身，从而达到了破环的目的。
步骤S104：第一交换机通过第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发封装后的组播报文。
组播报文封装好后，第一交换机通过自身的指定组播树向网络侧转发封装后的组播报文。
其中，第一交换机通过第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发封装后的组播报文具体包括：第一交换机通过根据租户标识对第一交换机的指定组播树进行剪枝后的组播树向网络侧转发封装后的组播报文，所述租户标识是根据组播组标识确定的，封装后的组播报文还包括租户标识。
在TRILL网络侧，通常通过租户表示来标识组播组。第一交换机通过组播组标识与租户标识的对应关系，获取租户标识。所述组播组标识与租户标识的对应关系，可以配置在该指定转发表中，也可以配置在单独的表中。所述租户标识与所述组播组标识可以相同，也可以不同。租户标识用于标识转发对象，根据租户标识可以获知一个组播组的报文需要转发给哪些设备，不需要转发给哪些设备。当一个交换机上没有接入某一租户标识对应的设备时，该交换机不需要转发携带相应租户标识的组播报文，则可以从所述组播报文对应的组播树中删除所述交换机，也就是剪枝，通过这种方式，可以避免浪费网络资源，提高网络利用率。本发明实施方式第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一交换机在对组播报文进行封装时，所述组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，通过这种方式，可以不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现多活接入的用户设备发送的组播报文不会通过环路返回该用户设备自身。
参阅图3，图3是本发明发送组播报文的方法另一实施方式的流程图，本实施方式是第一交换机解封装组播报文的流程图，包括：
步骤S201：第一交换机接收来自网络侧的组播报文。
第一交换机是运行在大二层网络中的交换机。组播报文或者是第一组播报文，或者是第二组播报文，第一组播报文来自多活接入交换机的用户设备，第二组播报文来自单归接入交换机的用户设备。第一组播报文和第二组播报文属于同一组播组。同一组播组的报文，通过多棵组播树发送，既能实现负载分担，又能实现本发明破环的目的。
其中，网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。当然，网络侧连接的还可以是其它的大二层网络，例如：虚拟专用网络的连接层L2VPN等，本发明实施方式可以用于L2VPN的破环。
步骤S202：第一交换机对组播报文进行解封装，从组播报文的头部中获得组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址。
第一交换机对来自网络侧的组播报文进行解封装是第一交换机的基本功能，这里的组播报文不管是来自网络侧的哪棵组播树，第一交换机均对其进行解封装。
步骤S203：第一交换机确定组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。若是，进入步骤S204，若否，进入步骤S205。
确定组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，以便于第一交换机确定发送所述组播报文的策略。
其中，步骤S203具体可以为：
A.根据所述组播报文的租户标识获取所述组播报文的组播组标识。
第一交换机根据网络侧的组播报文中的租户标识，以及预先配置的组播组标识与租户标识的对应关系，获取相应的组播组标识。
B.根据所述组播报文的组播组标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址查找第一交换机上预先设置的指定转发表。
指定转发表的表项包括组播组标识以及指定组播树的标识，第一交换机根据在所述第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表找到与该组播组标识对应的第一交换机的指定组播树的标识，指定组播树的标识为所述组播树的根的唯一标识地址，从而可以确定第一交换机的指定组播树，并确定所述指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。所述组播组标识与租户标识的对应关系，可以配置在该指定转发表中，也可以配置在单独的表中。
C.当查找到包括第一组播报文的组播组的标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址的表 项时，确定第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，否则，确定第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
步骤S204：若是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，第一交换机向指定组播树的所有用户侧端口组播发送解封装后的组播报文。其中，所有用户侧端口包括至少一个单归端口和至少一个多归端口，至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一交换机的指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树，N大于等于2。其中，所述解封装后的组播报文包括所述组播组标识。
连接第一交换机的用户设备通常包括两种，一种是第一用户设备，该第一用户设备只与第一交换机连接，另一种是第二用户设备，该第二用户设备除了与第一交换机连接外，并还与第一交换机之外的至少一台交换机连接，即第二用户设备连接了N台交换机，N为大于或等于2的自然数。其中，这N台交换机分别属于网络侧中不同的组播树，这样可以防止第二用户设备发送的组播报文又返回第二用户设备自身。
用户侧的端口包括两种类型的端口，一种类型的端口是单归端口(Ports on RB which connected to a single-homed device)，另一种类型的端口是多归端口(Ports on RB which connected to a multi-homed device)，至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一用户设备通过单归端口与第一交换机连接，第二用户设备通过多归端口与第一交换机连接。
如果组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，该组播报文是第二组播报文，第一交换机向指定组播树的所有用户侧端口(即单归端口和多归端口)组播发送解封装后的第二组播报文。
步骤S205：若不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，第一交换机仅向组播组的所有用户侧端口中的单归端口组播发送解封装后的组播报文。
如果组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，该组播报文是第一组播报文，说明封装该组播报文的交换机和第一交换机都连接了第二用户设备。该组播报文是第二用户设备发送的，组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，很显然，第二用户设备不希望该组播报文返回自身，因此第一交换机通过用户侧的单归端口组播发送组播报文可以避免该组播报文返回第二用户设备自身。
本发明实施方式第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，若组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则第一交换机向用户侧的所有端口组播发送组播报文，若不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则第一交换机通过单归端口向用户侧发送组播报文。通过这种方式，可以不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现第二用户设备发送的组播报文不会通过环路返回第二用户设备自身。
需要说明的是，上述第一交换机封装组播报文的流程和解封装组播报文的流程是分开说明的，在实际应用中，这两个流程也是可以合并执行的，在此不再进行赘叙。
参阅图4，图4是本发明第一交换机的一实施方式的结构示意图，该第一交换机是封装组播报文的交换机，包括：接收模块101、确定模块102、封装模块103以及转发模块104。
接收模块101用于接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文，其中，第一用户设备单归接入第一交换机，第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，N大于等于2。
第一用户设备和第二用户设备是用户侧的网络边缘设备。第一用户设备和第二用户设备的区别是：第一用户设备只连接一台交换机，即第一交换机，第二用户设备连接了两台或两台以上的交换机，即除了连接第一交换机外，还连接了其它的一台或多台以上的交换机，并且每个与第二用户设备连接的交换机都能接收到该第二用户设备发送的组播报文。第一交换机是运行在大二层网络中的入口交换机。
组播是指在IP网络中发送端将数据包发送到某个确定的节点集合(即组播组)，其基本思想是：源主机(即组播源)只发送一份数据，其目的地址为组播组地址；组播组中的所有接收者都可收到同样的数据拷贝，并且只有组播组内的主机可以接收该数据，而其它主机则不能收到。
第一交换机可能接收来自第一用户设备的组播报文，或者接收来自第二用户设备的组播报文。
确定模块102用于在接收模块101接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文后，确定第一交换机的指定组播树，指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树。
大二层网络建立之后，整个网络根据交换机的唯一标识地址的优先级和介质访问控制MAC地址的大小来选出N个根，生成N棵组播树。其中，N主要取决于第二用户设 备连接的N个交换机，N为大于或等于2的自然数，选出N个根，是为了保证N个交换机分别在具有不同的根的组播树上。
第一交换机接收到组播报文后，确定自己的指定组播树，所述指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树。
其中，网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络，指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址为所述根的昵称nickname。
TRILL是一种新的用于构建大规模二层网络的协议，而且也是IETF推荐的L2网络标准。当然，网络侧连接的还可以是其它的大二层网络，例如：虚拟专用网络的连接层L2VPN等，本发明实施方式可以用于L2VPN的破环。
其中，确定模块102具体用于根据组播报文中携带的组播组标识以及第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表，确定第一交换机的指定组播树，指定转发表的表项包括组播组标识以及指定组播树的标识。
组播组标识是用于在用户侧标识组播组的，组播组标识可以是VLAN标识或其他能够唯一标识组播组的信息。组播组标识相同，说明是同一个组播组，组播组标识不相同，说明不是同一个组播组。在TRILL网络侧，通常通过租户标识来标识组播组。
指定组播树的标识为所述组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
指定转发表的表项包括组播组标识以及指定组播树的标识，根据组播报文中携带的组播组标识，即可在第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表找到与该组播组标识对应的第一交换机的指定组播树的标识，从而可以确定第一交换机的指定组播树，并确定所述指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
封装模块103用于对组播报文进行封装，封装后的组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是确定模块102确定的第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
在TRILL网络中，所述第一交换机具体为RB，所述目的交换机唯一标识地址，具体为根RB的昵称nickname。TRILL组播报文的头部包括外层目的MAC地址、外层源MAC地址、目的交换机nickname、源交换机nickname等字段内容。在本发明中，对组播报文进行封装，仅仅只是封装到第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，即第一交换机将组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址封装为第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
由于与第二用户设备多活接入的包括第一交换机在内的N个交换机分别属于不同的指定组播树，也就是说与第二用户设备连接的N个交换机在封装组播报文时，都仅仅 封装到各自交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，这有助于解封装的交换机在转发组播报文时进行识别判断，不将该组播报文转发给第二用户设备，可以避免该组播报文返回第二用户设备自身，从而达到了破环的目的。
转发模块104用于通过第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发封装模块103封装后的组播报文。
组播报文封装好后，第一交换机根据自身的指定组播树向网络侧转发已封装的组播报文。
其中，转发模块104具体用于通过根据租户标识对第一交换机的指定组播树进行剪枝后的组播树向网络侧转发封装后的组播报文，租户标识是根据组播组标识确定的，封装后的组播报文还包括租户标识。
在TRILL网络侧，通常通过租户标识来标识组播组的。租户标识是用于标识转发对象，根据租户标识可以获知一个组播组的报文需要转发给哪些设备，不需要转发给哪些设备；当一个交换机上没有接入某一租户标识对应的设备时，该交换机不需要转发携带相应租户标识的组播报文，则可以从所述组播报文对应的组播树中删除所述交换机，也就是剪枝，通过这种方式，可以避免浪费网络资源，提高网络利用率。
本发明实施方式第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一交换机在对组播报文进行封装时，所述组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，通过这种方式，可以不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现多活接入的用户设备发送的组播报文不会通过环路返回该用户设备自身。
参阅图5，图5是本发明第一交换机另一实施方式的结构示意图，本实施方式的第一交换机是解封装组播报文的交换机，包括：接收模块201、解封装模块202、确定模块203以及发送模块204。
接收模块201用于接收来自网络侧的组播报文，该组播报文可以是第一组播报文或第二组播报文，第二组播报文和第一组播报文属于同一组播组。
第一组播报文来自多活接入交换机的用户设备，第二组播报文来自单归接入交换机的用户设备。第一组播报文和第二组播报文属于同一组播组，同一组播组的报文，通过多棵树发送，既能实现负载分担，又能实现本发明破环的目的。
其中，网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。当然，网络侧连接的还可以是其它的大二层网络，例如：虚拟专用网络的连接层L2VPN等，本发明实施方式可以用于L2VPN的破环。
解封装模块202用于在接收模块201接收来自网络侧的组播报文后，对组播报文进行解封装，从组播报文的头部中的获得组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址。
对来自网络侧的组播报文进行解封装是第一交换机的基本功能，这里的组播报文不管是来自网络侧的哪棵组播树，第一交换机的解封装模块202均对其进行解封装。
确定模块203用于确定解封装模块202解封装后的组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
判断组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，以便于第一交换机确定向不同的用户设备发送组播报文的策略。
其中，确定模块203包括获取单元、查找单元以及确定单元。
获取单元用于根据组播报文的租户标识获取组播报文的组播组标识。
第一交换机根据网络侧的组播报文中的租户标识，以及预先配置的组播组标识与租户标识的对应关系，获取相应的组播组标识。
查找单元用于根据获取单元获得的所述组播报文的组播组标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址查找第一交换机上预先设置的指定转发表。
指定转发表的表项包括组播组标识以及指定组播树的标识，第一交换机根据在所述第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表找到与该组播组标识对应的第一交换机的指定组播树的标识，指定组播树的标识为所述组播树的根的唯一标识地址，从而可以确定第一交换机的指定组播树，并确定所述指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。所述组播组标识与租户标识的对应关系，可以配置在该指定转发表中，也可以配置在单独的表中。
确定单元用于当查找单元查找到包括组播报文的组播组的标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址的表项时，确定组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，否则，确定组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
发送模块204用于在确定模块203的确定结果是组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址时，仅向组播组的所有用户侧端口中的单归端口组播发送解封装后的组播报文，所有用户侧端口包括至少一个单归端口和至少一个多归端口，至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一交换机的指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树，N大于等于2，其中，所述解封装后的组播报文包括所述组播组标识。
连接第一交换机的用户设备通常包括两种，一种是第一用户设备，该第一用户设备只与第一交换机连接，另一种是第二用户设备，该第二用户设备除了与第一交换机连接外，并还与第一交换机之外的至少一台交换机连接，即第二用户设备连接了N台交换机，N为大于或等于2的自然数。其中，这N台交换机分别属于网络侧中不同的指定组播树，这样可以防止第二用户设备发送的组播报文又返回第二用户设备自身。
第一交换机的所有端口包括两种类型的端口，一种类型的端口是单归端口，另一种类型的端口是多归端口，至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一用户设备通过单归端口与第一交换机连接，第二用户设备通过多归端口与第一交换机连接。
如果组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，该组播报文是第一组播报文，说明封装该组播报文的交换机和第一交换机都连接了第二用户设备。该组播报文是第二用户设备发送的，组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，很显然，第二用户设备不希望该组播报文返回自身，因此第一交换机通过第一交换机的单归端口向用户侧组播发送组播报文可以避免该组播报文返回第二用户设备自身。
发送模块204还用于在确定模块203的确定结果是组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址时，向指定组播树的所有用户侧端口组播发送解封装后的组播报文。
如果组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，该组播报文是第二组播报文，第一交换机向指定组播树的所有用户侧端口(即单归端口和多归端口)组播发送解封装后的第二组播报文。
本发明实施方式第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，若组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则第一交换机向用户侧的所有端口组播发送组播报文，若不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则第一交换机通过单归端口向第一用户设备发送组播报文。通过这种方式，可以不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现第二用户设备发送的组播报文不会通过环路返回第二用户设备自身。
需要说明的是，上述封装组播报文的第一交换机和解封装组播报文的第一交换机是分开说明的，在实际应用中，这两个第一交换机也是可以合二为一，成为一个交换机，在此不再进行赘叙。
下面以具体的实施方式来说明本发明在TRILL网络中的应用。
参阅图1，CE1(即第一用户设备)通过单归端口连接RB1(即第一交换机)，CE2(即第二用户设备)通过多归端口连接RB1和RB2(另一交换机，也是另一个第一交换机)，CE3(即第一用户设备)通过单归端口连接RB2，RB1的指定组播树为TREE1，RB2的指定组播树为TREE2。本实施方式将封装和解封装的过程合并在一起进行说明，具体内容如下：
1.RB1只将组播报文头部中的目的交换机的唯一标识地址封装为组播树TREE1的根的nickname，RB2只将组播报文头部中的目的交换机的唯一标识地址封装为组播树TREE2的根的nickname。
TRILL网络建立之后，根据组播树的根的nickname优先级和MAC地址大小来选出两个根，生产两颗组播树，然后进行组播剪枝生成剪枝后的两棵树，连接在RB1上的用户设备的组播报文，RB1将组播报文头部中的目的交换机的唯一标识地址封装成TREE1的根nickname，根据该组播树TREE1的剪枝进行转发；同理连接在RB2上的用户设备的组播报文，RB2将组播报文头部中的目的交换机的唯一标识地址封装成TREE2的根nickname，根据该组播树TREE2的剪枝进行转发。
2.RB1，RB2都可以解封装网络侧发送过来的两个组播树TREE1的组播报文(即组播报文头部中的目的交换机的唯一标识地址为TREE1的根nickname)和TREE2的组播报文(即组播报文头部中的目的交换机的唯一标识地址为TREE2的根nickname)。
3.RB1解封装组播树TREE1的组播报文(即组播报文头部中的目的交换机的唯一标识地址为TREE1的根的nickname)向所有端口(单归端口和多归端口)都发送，例如：向CE1和CE2都发送；RB1解封装组播树TREE2的组播报文(即组播报文头部中的目的交换机的唯一标识地址为TREE2的根的nickname)，只往单归端口发送，不往多归端口发送，例如：向CE1发送，不向CE2发送，如图6所示。
4.RB2解封装组播树TREE1的组播报文只往单归端口发送，不往多归端口发送，例如：向CE3发送，不向CE2发送；RB2解封装组播树TREE2的组播报文，向所有端口都发送，例如：向CE3和CE2都发送。
5.因为RB1始终封装组播报文的目的交换机的唯一标识地址为组播树TREE1的根的nickname，RB2始终封装组播报文的目的交换机的唯一标识地址为组播树TREE2的根的nickname，所以不用担心CE2到RB1又经RB2返回到CE2。
参阅图7，图7是本发明第一交换机又一实施方式的实体结构示意图，本实施方式 的第一交换机是封装组播报文的交换机，包括：处理器11、和处理器11耦合的存储器12、发送器13以及接收器14。
接收器14用于接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文，并将所述接收的组播报文存储在存储器12中，其中，所述第一用户设备单归接入所述第一交换机，第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，N大于等于2。
存储器12用于存储网络侧中已生成的组播树。
处理器11用于调取存储器12中存储的网络侧中已生成的组播树，确定第一交换机的指定组播树，指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树。
处理器11用于调取存储器12中存储的组播报文，对所述组播报文进行封装，所述封装后的组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
处理器11用于控制发送器13通过所述第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文。
其中，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。
处理器11还用于根据组播报文中携带的组播组标识以及第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表，确定第一交换机的指定组播树，指定转发表的表项包括组播组标识以及指定组播树的标识。
处理器11还用于控制发送器13通过根据租户标识对第一交换机的指定组播树进行剪枝后的组播树向网络侧转发封装后的组播报文，租户标识是根据组播组标识确定的，封装后的组播报文还包括租户标识。
本发明实施方式第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一交换机在对组播报文进行封装时，所述组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，通过这种方式，可以不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现第二用户设备发送的组播报文不会通过环路返回第二用户设备自身。
参阅图8，图8是本发明第一交换机又一实施方式的实体结构示意图，本实施方式的第一交换机是解封装组播报文的交换机，包括：处理器21、和处理器21耦合的存储器22、发送器23以及接收器24。
接收器24用于接收来自网络侧的组播报文，并将接收的组播报文存储在存储器22中，组播报文可以是第一组播报文或第二组播报文，第二组播报文和第一组播报文属于 同一组播组。第一组播报文来自多活接入交换机的用户设备，第二组播报文来自单归接入交换机的用户设备。第一组播报文和第二组播报文属于同一组播组，同一组播组的报文，通过两棵树发，既能实现负载分担，又能实现本发明破环的目的。
处理器21用于调取存储器22中存储的组播报文，对所述组播报文进行解封装，从所述组播报文的头部中获得所述组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址。
处理器21用于确定所述组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，若所述组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，处理器21控制发送器23向指定组播树的所有用户侧端口组播发送解封装后的第二组播报文，其中，所有用户侧端口包括至少一个单归端口和至少一个多归端口，至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，第一交换机的指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树，N大于等于2。；若所述组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，处理器21控制发送器23仅向组播组的所有用户侧端口中的单归端口组播发送解封装后的组播报文。
其中，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。
本发明实施方式第二用户设备多活接入包括第一交换机的N个交换机，若组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则第一交换机向用户侧所有端口组播发送组播报文，若不是第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则第一交换机通过单归端口向用户侧发送组播报文。通过这种方式，可以不需要特殊要求的芯片，实现第二用户设备发送的组播报文不会通过环路返回第二用户设备自身。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种发送组播报文的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一交换机接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文，其中，所述第一用户设备单归接入所述第一交换机，所述第二用户设备多活接入包括所述第一交换机的N个交换机，所述N大于等于2；
    所述第一交换机确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于所述N个不同的指定组播树；
    所述第一交换机对所述组播报文进行封装，封装后的组播报文的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；
    所述第一交换机通过所述第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络，所述指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址为所述根的昵称nickname。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，具体包括：
    所述第一交换机根据所述组播报文中携带的组播组标识以及所述第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表，确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定转发表的表项包括所述组播组标识以及所述指定组播树的标识；
    所述第一交换机通过所述第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文包括：
    所述第一交换机通过根据租户标识对所述第一交换机的指定组播树进行剪枝后的组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文，所述租户标识是根据所述组播组标识确定的，所述封装后的组播报文还包括所述租户标识。
  4. 一种发送组播报文的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一交换机接收来自网络侧的第一组播报文；
    所述第一交换机对所述第一组播报文进行解封装，从所述第一组播报文的头部中获得所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址；
    确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；
    若所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则所述第一交换机仅向所述组播组的所有用户侧端口中的单归端口组播发送解封装后的第一组播报文，所述所有用户侧端口包括至少一个单归端口和至少一个多归端口，所述至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括所述第一交换机的N个交换机，所述第一交换机的指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树，所述N大于等于2。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一交换机接收来自网络侧的第二组播报文，所述第二组播报文和所述第一组播报文属于同一组播组；
    所述第一交换机对所述第二组播报文进行解封装，从所述第二组播报文的头部中获得所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址；
    确定所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；
    若所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，则所述第一交换机向所述指定组播树的所有用户侧端口组播发送解封装后的第二组播报文。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址包括：
    根据所述第一组播报文的租户标识获取所述第一组播报文的组播组标识；
    根据所述第一组播报文的组播组标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址查找所述第一交换机上预先设置的指定转发表；当查找到包括所述第一组播报文的组播组的标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址的表项时，确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，否则，确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
  8. 一种交换机，其特征在于，所述交换机包括：接收模块、确定模块、封装模块以及转发模块，所述交换机为第一交换机；
    所述接收模块用于接收来自第一用户设备或第二用户设备的组播报文，其中，所述 第一用户设备单归接入所述第一交换机，所述第二用户设备多活接入包括所述第一交换机的N个交换机，所述N大于等于2；
    所述确定模块用于确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于所述N个不同的指定组播树；
    所述封装模块用于对所述组播报文进行封装，封装后的组播报文的的头部中的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述确定模块确定的所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；
    所述转发模块用于通过所述第一交换机的指定组播树向网络侧转发所述封装模块封装后的组播报文。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的交换机，其特征在于，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络，所述指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址为所述根的昵称nickname。
  10. 根据权利要求8-9中任意一项所述的交换机，其特征在于，
    所述确定模块具体用于根据所述组播报文中携带的组播组标识以及所述第一交换机上预先配置的指定转发表，确定所述第一交换机的指定组播树，所述指定转发表的表项包括所述组播组标识以及所述指定组播树的标识；
    所述转发模块具体用于通过根据所述租户标识对所述第一交换机的指定组播树进行剪枝后的组播树向网络侧转发所述封装后的组播报文，所述租户标识是根据所述组播组标识确定的，所述封装后的组播报文还包括所述租户标识。
  11. 一种交换机，其特征在于，所述交换机包括：接收模块、解封装模块、确定模块以及发送模块，所述交换机为第一交换机；
    所述接收模块用于接收来自网络侧的第一组播报文；
    所述解封装模块用于在所述接收模块接收来自网络侧的第一组播报文后，对所述第一组播报文进行解封装，从所述第一组播报文的头部中获得所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址；
    所述确定模块用于确定所述解封装模块解封装后的第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；
    所述发送模块用于在所述确定模块的确定结果是所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址时，仅向所述组播组的所有用户侧端口中的单归端口组播发送解封装后的第一组播报文，所述所有用户侧 端口包括至少一个单归端口和至少一个多归端口，所述至少一个多归端口连接的用户设备多活接入包括所述第一交换机的N个交换机，所述第一交换机的指定组播树是从网络中已生成的N个组播树中预先指定的，所述N个交换机分别属于N个不同的指定组播树，所述N大于等于2。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的交换机，其特征在于，
    所述接收模块还用于接收来自网络侧的第二组播报文，所述第二组播报文和所述第一组播报文属于同一组播组；
    所述解封装模块还用于在所述接收模块接收来自网络侧的第二组播报文后，对所述第二组播报文进行解封装，从所述第二组播报文的头部中获得所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址；
    所述确定模块还用于确定所述解封装模块解封装后的所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是否是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址；
    所述发送模块还用于在所述确定模块的确定结果是所述第二组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址时，向所述指定组播树的所有用户侧端口组播发送解封装后的第二组播报文。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的交换机，其特征在于，所述网络侧连接的是多链接透明互联TRILL网络。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13中任意一项所述的交换机，其特征在于，所述确定模块包括获取单元、查找单元以及确定单元；
    所述获取单元用于根据所述第一组播报文的租户标识获取所述第一组播报文的组播组标识；
    所述查找单元用于根据所述获取单元获得的第一组播报文的组播组标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址查找所述第一交换机上预先设置的指定转发表；
    所述确定单元用于当所述查找单元查找到包括所述第一组播报文的组播组的标识以及目的交换机唯一标识地址的表项时，确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址，否则，确定所述第一组播报文的目的交换机唯一标识地址不是所述第一交换机的指定组播树的根的唯一标识地址。
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