WO2015140176A1

WO2015140176A1 - Method for hot forging elongated angular profiles made of metal, in particular of steel

Info

Publication number: WO2015140176A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/055575
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rolf Kümmerling; Florian SCHULTES
Original assignee: Vallourec Deutschland Gmbh
Priority date: 2014-03-18
Filing date: 2015-03-17
Publication date: 2015-09-24
Also published as: AR099762A1

Abstract

During hot forging of axially symmetric profiles (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d), which have an angular outer cross section with an angle of axial symmetry (W-Achs) and are made of metal, in particular steel, by means of a radial forging machine, the precursor material is regularly rotated around an angle of rotation (W-Dreh) by means of at least one manipulator. If the angle of axial symmetry (W-Achs) is greater than the machine-related maximum angle of rotation (W-max), then at least one idle stroke is configured. If the angle of axial symmetry is less than the machine-related minimum angle of rotation (W-min), then the forging material is rotated about an angle (W-Dreh) which corresponds to the ratio of the machine-related minimum angle of rotation (W-min) and the angle of axial symmetry (W-Achs) rounded to the next highest whole number.

Description

Process for the hot forging of elongated polygonal profiles, in particular of steel

The invention relates to a method for hot forging in the outer cross-section angularly symmetrical profiles made of metal, in particular steel, by means of a radial forging machine, in which a forging temperature located Volloder hollow body as Vormaterial by means symmetrically about the longitudinal center axis of the Vormaterials arranged and radially driven, on the outer surface of the

Starting material acting forging hammers is formed into a square axisymmetric profile. The starting material is here in the forging

non-contact phases of the forging hammer strokes by means of at least one

Manipulator rotated by one angle of rotation, which is due to the machine between a minimum and maximum rotation angle. The production of cross-sectionally round hollow profiles is described for example in the international patent application WO 2006/045301 A1, wherein in the form of a radial forging process using a inserted into a hollow block round inner tool and at least two acting on the outer surface of the hollow block forging hammers of a forging machine a pipe and so that a round cross-section hollow profile is generated.

In this known method, after retraction of an inner tool, preferably in the form of a cylindrical dome, the hollow block through a arranged on the inlet side manipulator longitudinally through the forging

transported while simultaneously rotated.

Once the forging is sufficiently long on the outlet side of the

In addition, a second manipulator takes over the pipe. In order to be able to forge, the first manipulator lets go as late as possible, and the second alone completes the forging process. For the sake of simplicity, in the following text only one manipulator is mentioned, regardless of whether it is the one on the inlet side or the outlet side or both, which turn the forging material. The forging unit has at least two to be produced Finished diameter and the forged at least partially

embracing blacksmith hammers on the outside or

The outer surface of the forging material act to stretch the forging by reducing both the outer diameter and the tube forging the wall thickness. In order to increase the efficiency of the forging process, especially during the

To increase pipe forging, usually more than two forging hammers are used, which act in the same longitudinal position synchronously acting on the outer surface of the forging. Using more than two forging hammers improves material flow, as the undesirable wide flow is substantially reduced. Therefore, for tubular products usually come four

Forging hammers (also called blacksmith jaws) are used.

With this method, which is very efficient and is also of interest especially for small lot sizes, round tubes with a circumference of more than 500 mm and lengths of more than 4000 mm can be produced very advantageously in cross section.

However, it has been shown that these methods are not for forging in the outer cross-section angular and based on the longitudinal center axis

axisymmetric profiles are suitable.

The usual radial forging systems have for the manipulators or a machine-related rotation angle limitation with a minimum rotation angle W-min and a maximum rotation angle W-max. One problem is that these machine rotation angles of the

Manipulator W-rotation, for example, lying between 10 ° and 20 °, usually outside the symmetry angle of the produced preferably angular profile lie. However, the angle of rotation can not be increased arbitrarily. The limitation of the angle of rotation results inter alia from the time available for turning the manipulator between two consecutive

Forging hammer blows, in which the blacksmith hammers no contact to

Forging good. Especially with fast-working forging machines, for example, with stroke rates of 160 to 200 beats per minute or more work, the maximum achievable rotation angle is limited due to the said, available for the rotation period. In addition, the possible angle of rotation of the manipulator W rotation is also limited by the inertia of the manipulator itself and the forging material to be rotated.

The lower limit of the angle of rotation of the manipulator to be observed results from the limitation of the calibration length of the hammers. In this context, the duration of the calibration of the hammers is understood to be the part of the hammers forming the final profile. It is important to keep this length as short as possible, since this length flows directly into the hammer overall length. On the other hand, however, the geometric

Deviations of the forged profile from the ideal roundness will not be too great.

In angular profiles, which are also seen in the longitudinal direction of the profile coiled to be understood, with respect to the longitudinal center axis

Axial symmetry angles that are above the adjustable rotation angle range of the manipulator, such as a rectangle with a

Axial symmetry angle of 180 °, in a square with an axis of symmetry angle of 90 °, in a hexagon with an axisymmetric angle of 60 ° or in an octagon with an axis of symmetry angle of 45 °, the production can not be done so far with the described fast-running forging machines, as the

machine-related rotation angle are too small. If the axis symmetry angles of the angular profile to be forged are smaller than the possible angles of rotation of the manipulator, such as 6 ° for a profile with a 60-edge outer contour (360760), the necessary rotation angles can likewise not be suitably adjusted.

In addition, it is economical to design the hammers so that different so-called "equivalent" diameters can be produced with the same hammer contour The equivalent diameter D is the circle diameter whose surface area A1 corresponds to the enclosed surface A2 of the profile 1 with the outer contour to be produced, ie A1 = A2, see Figure 1. Below the marked

Axial symmetry angle W-axis of a profile will be the smallest in the following

Understood angle of rotation, the profile must be rotated about the longitudinal central axis to reflect it in the rotated position back on itself. The angle range WH is understood to mean the part of the circumference of the profile which is separated from a Hammer is covering.

On the other hand, these profiles could be forged with the hammers whose calibration parts in total already have the final profile completely. FIG. 2 shows this using the example of a profile 1 a with an 8-edge outer contour, wherein the outer contour can be completely forged with four identical forging hammers 2 a. Each of the forging hammers 2a takes on two symmetry contours. The arrows indicate the direction of movement of the forging hammers 2a during the forging of the profile 1a. But this is uneconomical because of the then very complex production of the corresponding hammers. On the one hand, for example, with a 60-edge outer contour and four forging hammers, per forging hammer 60: 4 = 15

Work surfaces are introduced. In addition, for each profile with a different equivalent diameter would have its own matching hammer set for

To be available.

Japanese patent application JP 2007 136 487 A already discloses a method for hot forging angular profiles. In order to avoid the formation of cracks in the region of the corners of the square profiles to be forged, it is proposed to comply with a reduction of at least 15% per forging pass.

Further, European Patent EP 0 610 509 B1 describes a method for producing hollow forgings by radial forging in which a blank of two opposed forging hammers in different radial

Directions by a sequence of forging, turning about the longitudinal center axis of the blank and moving back in the axial direction is processed.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved method for hot forging of elongated in the outer cross-section angular and with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the profile axisymmetric profiles made of metal, especially steel, with the square profiles also economically on a

Radialschmiedemaschine can be generated, the axis of symmetry angles are outside the adjustable rotation angle range of the manipulator. Another task is to design the forging hammers so that these it allows to make a range of equivalent diameter with the same hammer set.

This object is achieved by the method of claim 1. Advantageous developments are the subject of dependent claims.

According to the invention it has been recognized that with a radial forging machine with limited rotation angle range, nevertheless, a wide range of in

Angular outside cross-section and based on the longitudinal center axis of the profile axisymmetric profiles can be produced, if either in the event that the axis of symmetry angle W axis greater than the maximum machine-related

Rotation angle W-max, the forging hammers are operated in forging periods with at least one idle stroke and a working stroke and the manipulator turns the forging at each stroke within a forging period by the rotation angle W rotation, the number of rotations to the rotation angle w rotation a Ratios of axis symmetry angle and maximum machine-relatedm

Rotation angle W-max rounded up to the next higher integer, or in case the axis symmetry angle W-axis is smaller than the minimum

machine-related rotation angle W-min is, from at least part of the

Blacksmith hammers with forging for at least two adjacent

Symmetriekonturen the starting material is formed, the number of symmetry contours per forging hammer the quotient of minimal machine-related

Rotation angle W-min and axis symmetry angle W-axis rounded up to the

next higher integer corresponds to the forging hammers are operated in forging periods with only one stroke and without idle stroke and the forging each hub within a forging period is rotated by the rotation angle W-rotation. A forging period is exactly by a working stroke, in which a

Deformation takes place, defined. In addition, one or more empty strokes can ever

Forging period come.

In other words, in axis symmetry angles W-axis greater than the maximum to be set angle of rotation W-rotation of the rotation angle W rotation is fitting to

Achssymmetry of the angular profile relative to the longitudinal center axis adjusted so that a specific, integer multiple the desired

Axial symmetry angle W-axis results. Here the blacksmith hammers fit to the found multiple N of the quotient W axis to W rotation, N-1 idle strokes where no deformation occurs and the deformation takes place only at every N th stroke. In the case of axis symmetry angles W-axis smaller than the minimum angle of rotation W-min to be set, the angle of rotation W-rotation is set as an integral multiple M of the axis symmetry angle W-axis such that a deformation takes place after each rotation. Here, at least a portion of the forging hammers with forging surfaces for at least two adjacent

Symmetry contours formed and the number of symmetry contours each

Forging hammer corresponds to the quotient of the minimum machine-related angle of rotation and axis symmetry angle rounded up to the next higher integer.

The inventive method is particularly suitable for hot forging profiles, in which the starting material may be formed as a solid or hollow body. The starting material has usually been brought to the desired forging temperature.

In the lower part of Figure 3 is shown that in the event that the

Axial symmetry angle W-axis greater than the maximum machine-related

Rotation angle W-max, the forging hammers are operated, for example, in forging periods P with two empty strokes L and a working stroke A. Correspondingly, the number of strokes of the forging hammer per Schmiedeperiode N is equal to 3. In contrast, it is shown in the upper part of Figure 3, that in the event that the axis of symmetry angle W axis smaller than the minimum

machine-related rotation angle W-min, the number N of strokes of

Forging hammer per Schmiedeperiode P is equal to 1 and the number N-empty Leerhübe L forging hammers is zero. Thus every stroke is a working stroke.

A profile that is axisymmetric with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the profile is understood to be a solid or hollow profile that is axially symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the cross section. A rotationally symmetrical, ie circular profile represents a special case of the longitudinal center axis related

axisymmetric profile because it has any number of axis symmetry angle. The invention described below relates only to the production of axially symmetrical, angular profiles related to the longitudinal central axis. In cross-section circular or oval solid sections or tubes are not of the Invention.

Angular symmetric profiles related to the longitudinal center axis are polygons. These can, for example, in the outer cross-section triangular, rectangular,

have square, hexagonal or octagonal cross-sections.

As semi-finished products (semi-finished material) for such profiles, for example, billets are used as circular or already pre-contoured solid material or correspondingly prefabricated round or pre-profiled hollow blocks.

The outer contour of the produced square profile is only on the

With respect to the longitudinal center axis, it can be produced with axial symmetry if, for the purpose of manipulating the forging, it is rotated by the manipulator with a fixed angle of rotation that matches the axis of symmetry angle.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the angle of rotation W to be set is the manipulator when the axis of symmetry angle W of the axis

profile to be produced lies outside the range of rotation angle of the manipulator to be set, determined as follows:

In the event that the axis symmetry angle W-axis of the profile is greater than the maximum angle of rotation of the manipulator W-max, the formulas (1) and (2) are used: (1) N = ceil (W-axis / W-max )

(2) W-turn = W-axis / N, where the number of strokes of the forging hammers per forging period N corresponds to the number of turns N-turn of the manipulator. For the number of empty strokes N-empty of the forging hammers, the following formula (3) applies:

(3) N-empty = N-1

In the event that the axis of symmetry angle W axis of the profile is smaller than the minimum angle of rotation of the manipulator W-min, the formulas (4) and (5) come to Application:

(4) M = ceil (W-min / W-axis)

(5) W-rotation = W-axis x M, where M is defined as the number of symmetry contours per forging hammer. Here, the number of strokes of the forging hammers per forging period N is equal to 1 and the number of empty strokes N-empty the forging hammers equal to zero. So every hub is a working stroke.

The term ceil (x) is to be understood as the rounding function with which a positive odd number x is assigned the next larger integer.

Contrary to the well-known commercial rounding function is thus always rounded up. X is an integer equal to ceil (x) of that integer.

In addition, the hammer contour in the region of the end profile-forming part according to a development of the invention is designed so that with the same Hamm set similar angular profiles can be made in a range of equivalent diameter.

So with the same Hamm set a range of equivalent diameter

can be forged, in addition to the axis of symmetry angle W axis and the number of hammers Anz-H of importance. An area coverage with respect to several equivalent diameters in forging is possible only when, among other conditions according to condition (7), the number of hammers Anz-H is smaller than the number of symmetries Q2:

(7) number H <number S The number of symmetries Anz-S is given by the formula (8):

(8) # S = 3607W axis.

If the number of hammers Anz-H is identical to the number of symmetries Anz-S, for example if 8 equal hammers 2b and an 8-edge profile 1b, then only the only equivalent diameter are produced, in which the hammers with their forging part practically completely enclose the contour (see also FIG. 4).

Further, the number of hammers Anz-H dictates what angular range W-H of the full circumference covers each hammer (see formula (9)):

(9) W-H = 360 no. H

Thus, all hammers can be made the same if, for the value Q-W according to formula (14)

(14) Q-W = W-H / W-axis yields an integer K.

If Q-W is an integer, then K is set equal to the integer value of Q-W. Correspondingly, K = Q-W

K implies that during a working stroke only the Kth part of the symmetry surfaces of the profile surfaces to be produced can be contoured. Thus, the part of the forging hammer forming the end profile must have at least a length LK-min of K times the material advance in the forging outlet (see formula (10):

(10) LK-min = K x Before where Before the feed / forging period is in [mm]. The feed before is calculated according to the formula (1 1):

(1 1) Before [mm] = V-outlet [mm / min] x N / strokes / minute [1 / min], whereby here V-exit the material exit speed from the

Is forging hammers. Similarly, the V-Outlet [mm / min] is the product of Before [mm] and the number of Forging Periods [1 / min]. The number of

Forging periods [1 / min] finds its equivalent in the number of strokes [1 / min] divided by N. The invention is explained below with reference to examples: Example 1

If one considers, for example, an octagonal profile 1 c (see FIG. 5) which has an axis symmetry angle W axis of 45 °, then the result is one

Forging machine with 4 hammers 2c according to formula (1) and a maximum angle of rotation W-max of the manipulator of 20 ° W-axis = 45 °

N = ceil (45720 °) = ceil (2,25) = 3

W-turn = 45 3 = 15 °

N-empty = N - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2 Thus, the forging hammers carry out 3 strokes per forging period, one of which is a working stroke and the remaining two empty strokes. Each of these strokes turns the profile 15 °. The Nth stroke (= 3rd stroke) with a further rotation of 15 °, is then the working stroke, so the requirement for the to be kept

Rotation angle, W-min <= W-rotation <= W-max is satisfied. The rotation angle W rotation is thus within the machine-related rotation angle W-min to W-max. If this condition is not met, this profile can not be produced on this forging machine with the machine-dependent turning angles W-min and W-max.

Also, the condition (7) is satisfied because

Anz-H = 4, Anz-S = 8 and thus 4 less than 8 is satisfied.

Next applies

W-H = 360 number H = 3607 4 = 90 °

Q-W = W-H / W-axis = 90745 ° = 2 = integer

Thus K = 2.

This means that according to condition (10), the minimum length of the forging LK-min must be at least twice as long as the feed / forging period on the outlet side of the forge. The forged part contour according to Figure 5 in cross section is the same for all four hammers 2c and represents a straight line, since the simplest possible symmetry contour of the 8-edge 1 c represents a straight line.

Next follows condition (10) for the minimum length of the final profile forming part of the forging hammer with, for example, a material exit speed of 2,500 mm / min and a machine with 200 strokes / minute for the feed / forging period ago according to formula (1 1):

Before [mm] = 2.500 [mm / min] x 3/200 [1 / min] = 37.5 mm and thus a minimum length LK-min for the part of the forging hammer forming the final profile of

LK-min = 2 x 37.5 mm = 75 mm Example 2

If a hexagon profile (Figure 6) is to be forged with 4 hammers, the result is

W-axis = 60 °

W-max = 20 °

N = ceil (60720 °) = ceil (3) = 3

W turning = 6073 = 20 °

N-empty = N - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2

Condition (7) is satisfied because

Number H = 4, number S = 6 to 4 less than 6 leads.

However, a value Q-W results for the quotient W-H / W-axis, which is not an integer. Q-W = W-H / W-axis

Q-W = 90760 ° = 1, 5

Thus, the hammers are not equal calibrated. However, since the quotient value of twice WH is integer: 2 x WH / W axis = 3, every second hammer can have the same contour. Axial symmetry angles have the property that their zero position can be chosen arbitrarily. The associated symmetry contour of the profile starts at this

Zero position and ends with the axis symmetry angle. For a polygon, this results in the simplest of all possible symmetry contours, a straight line section. A selected position Pos1 thus lies in the middle of the simplest symmetry contour of the profile, namely the straight section and thus also in the middle of the contours of the first hammer 2d and the third hammer 2d. Thus, the respective first and third hammers 2d have a straight line as a forged part contour.

Since in Example 2 a value of 1, 5 has resulted for Q-W, for the

Forged partial contour of the respective second and fourth hammers 2e the zero position for the symmetry contour by the difference of the hammer angle to the axis of symmetry angle, ie by 30 °, are shifted to the position Pos2. The position Pos2 thus lies in a corner of the profile and in the middle of the symmetry contour of the hammers 2e. This relationship is illustrated in FIG. 6 for the hexagon profile 1 d and the respective two identical hammers 2 d and 2 e. Thus, the forged part contour of the first and third hammer 2d in cross section consists of a straight line and the

Forged part contour of the second and fourth hammer 2e from a 120 ° "roof", i.e. from a corner angle of the hexagon.

Generalized this means:

a) All hammers are the same if:

Q-W = W-H / W-axis = integer

and for the factor K for calculating the minimum length of the forging LK-min K = Q-W b) Every j-th hammer is to be made the same if:

Q-W = W-H / W-axis = not integer

jx WH / W axis = integer with 2 <= j = smallest possible integer

and for the factor K for calculating the minimum length of the forging LK-min K = ceil (QW) Overall, the proposed method thus has the advantage that now axisymmetric hollow body can be forged very economically, the axis of symmetry angle W axis are greater than the possible rotation angle of the

Manipulator. In particular, with too large axial symmetry W-axis of the profile to a very complex mechanical machining to achieve the

Final contour are waived.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the method is characterized in that at axis symmetry angles W axis, which are smaller than the minimum rotation angle of the manipulator W-min, the forging hammers have at least two work surfaces, the normal in the axis symmetry angle W axis to each other.

In the event that the number of forging hammers Anz-H divided by the factor j is not integer, all forging hammers are uneven. With such unequal hammers, only one profile can be made with exactly one geometry. The above-described advantage of producing profiles in an area with equivalent diameters can no longer be achieved.

Example 3

If, for example, a sixty-edged profile is to be generated on the outer circumference, the axis symmetry angle W-axis 360760 = 6 ° and is thus below the minimum possible angle of rotation of the manipulator W-min, for example 10 °. The appropriate angle of rotation W-rotation is calculated according to formula (5): W-rotation = W-axis x M = 6 ° x 2 = 12 °

Here, M is calculated as the number of symmetry contours per forging hammer according to formula (4): M = ceil (W-min / W-axis) = ceil (10/6) = ceil (1, 67) = 2 However, in this case, the geometry of the forging hammers must be adjusted according to the integer multiple M. Specifically, the contour of the forging hammers M must cover symmetries. In the present example, these are 2 surfaces whose normal axes are at 6 ° to each other in the axis-symmetry angle W-axis, so that a 60-sided profile can be generated. Whether or not the hammers are to be designed equally or unequally still results from the above-described condition for QW and thus for the example; QW = 90 ° / 6 ° = 15 = integer. So all hammers are the same design.

For the factor K for calculating the minimum length of the forging subcomponent LK-min, the formula (13) is: K = ceil (Q-W / M) and thus for the example

K = ceil (15/2) = ceil (7,5) = 8 If the number M of symmetry contours per forging hammer is greater than 2, the previously described advantage of producing profiles in an area with equivalent diameters can no longer be achieved with such contoured hammers be achieved.

There are applications in which the axis symmetry rotates over the length of the forged material. This is z. As is the case when drilling rods are to be produced, which should also promote this in addition to the space for the cuttings to the outside. After a pitch angle gamma, with which the profile around the

Rotates longitudinal central axis, the profile comes back after a length L back to its original position.

The feed per forging period Before must be adjusted so that there is no offset of the profile. The equivalent profile radius corresponds to a circle radius, in which the circular area thus formed corresponds to that of the circle

axisymmetric profile corresponds. The equivalent profile radius corresponds basically to the previously described half equivalent profile diameter. This means that the feed / forging period Before must be just so great that it fits together with the rotation of the forged to the predetermined pitch gamma. For the feed (Vor) the formula (15) applies:

(15) Prev = W rotation x N x equivalent profile diameter / 2 x Pi / 1807 tan (gamma)

Feed per work stroke and discharge speed, however, are related. As already stated, the following condition applies (1 1)

(1 1) Before [mm] = V-exit [mm / min] x N / number of strokes / minute, so that ultimately the exit velocity V-exit of the forging material must satisfy the following condition:

V-exit [mm / min] = before x number of strokes / minute / N

Is a hollow profile to produce, it can be the same or different

Axial symmetry angle for the inner or outer contour. The calculation of the manipulator angle of rotation W-rotation for the generation of the outer contour is always carried out according to the above formulas and conditions. According to the invention, the inner tool already has the final contour symmetry of the profiled surface and rotates synchronously with the forging in time with the strokes. As in the case of the octagon of Example 1, this would be decisive for the outer contour and the

Inner diameter round, so use a round inner tool.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the axial feed per Schmiedeperiode Before evenly divided to the total number N of strokes per forging period, since this requires no change in the usual Manipulatorensteuerung.

Alternatively, it is provided that the axial feed per Schmiedeperiode takes place only once in the period of non-deformation during the idle stroke, since this does not add absolute errors in the positioning. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d axisymmetric profiles

2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e forging hammers

A working stroke

A1. A2 areas

D equivalent diameter

W-axis axis of symmetry angle

W-rotation possible rotation angle of the manipulator

W-max maximum possible rotation angle of the manipulator

W-min Minimum possible rotation angle of the manipulator W-H Hammer angle L Empty stroke

N-rotation ... Number of rotations per forging period

M Number of symmetry contours per forging hammer

N number of strokes of forging hammers per forging period

N-empty Number of empty strokes of the forging hammers per forging period

Number of hammers

Num-S Number of symmetry contours

W-H angle range forging hammer

Q-W quotient from W-H to W-axis

K Number of feeds

LK-min. Minimum length of the end profile forming part of the forging hammer P forging period

Before forging of forging material per forging period at forging outlet V-outlet Outflow speed of forging out of forging hammers j smallest possible integer

Pos1 Position, lying in the middle of a straight line section of the symmetry contour of the profile and in the corresponding center of the hammer

Pos2 Position in the corner of a symmetry contour of the profile and associated hammer center

Claims

claims

1 . Method for hot forging in the outer cross-section angular,

axisymmetric profiles (1, 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d) made of metal, in particular steel, by means of a radial forging machine, in which a forging temperature befindlicher solid or hollow body as a starting material by means of symmetrical about

Longitudinal axis of the semi-finished material arranged and radially driven, acting on the outer surface of the semi-finished forging hammer (2a to 2e) to a polygonal, axisymmetric profile (1, 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d) formed with an axis of symmetry angle (W axis) is, wherein the starting material in the forging material non-contact phases of the strokes of the forging hammers (2a to 2e) by means of at least one

Manipulator is rotated by a rotational angle (W-rotation), which is due to the machine between a minimum rotation angle (W-min) and maximum rotation angle (W max), characterized in that either in the event that the

Axial symmetry angle (W-axis) greater than the maximum machine-related

Rotation angle (W-max), the forging hammers (2a to 2e) are operated in forging periods with at least one idle stroke and a working stroke and the

Manipulator the forging at each stroke within a forging period by the rotation angle (W-rotation) rotates, wherein the number of rotations (N-rotation) by the rotation angle (W-rotation) a quotient of axis symmetry angle (W-axis) and maximum machine rotation angle (W-max) rounded up to the

next higher integer, or in case the axis symmetry angle (W axis) is smaller than the minimum machine rotation angle (W-min), of at least part of the forging hammers (2a to 2e) with forging surfaces for at least two adjacent symmetry contours is formed, the number (M) of the symmetry contours per forging hammer (2a to 2e) the quotient of minimum machine rotation angle (W-min) and axis symmetry angle (W axis) rounded up to the next higher integer corresponds, the

Forging hammers (2a to 2e) are operated in Schmiedeperioden with only one stroke and the forging is per hub within a forging period by the rotation angle (W-rotation) is rotated.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the event that the axis of symmetry angle (W-axis) is greater than the maximum machine-related rotation angle of the manipulator (W-max), the number of strokes per forging period (N) and the rotation angle (W rotation) of the manipulator is determined by the following formulas (1) and (2)

(1) N = ceil (W-axis / W-max)

(2) W-turn = W-axis / N, where the number of turns per forging period (N-turn) of the manipulator corresponds to the number of strokes of the forging hammers (2a to 2e) per forging period (N) and for the number of idle strokes the forging hammers (2a to 2e) (N-empty) the following formula (3) applies:

(3) N-empty = N-1.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the event that the axis of symmetry angle (W-axis) is smaller than the minimum angle of rotation of

Manipulator (W-min) the number (M) of the symmetry contours per forging hammer (2a to 2e) and the rotation angle (W-rotation) of the manipulator using the following formulas

(4) and (5) are determined: (4) M = ceil (W-min / W-axis)

(5) W-turn = W-axis x M where the number of forges of the forging hammer per forging period (N) and the number of turns per forging period (N-turn) are 1 and the number of idle strokes (N-empty) is Forging hammers (2a to 2e) is zero.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the forging hammers (2a to 2e) for the production of similar square profiles are usable when the condition (7) is satisfied:

(7) Anz-H <Anz-S, where Anz-H are defined as the number of forging hammers (2a to 2e) and Anz-S are defined as the number of symmetry contours and the number of symmetry contours (Anz-S) is given by the formula (8 ) gives: (8) Anz-S = 3607 W-axis and for the case where the quotient (QW) consists of an angular range of the

Forging hammer (2a to 2e) (W-H) to the axis of symmetry angle (W-axis) is integer, with the following formula (9) applies to the angle range of the forging hammer (W-H):

(9) WH = 360 ° / Anz-H all forging hammers (2a to 2e) are the same design, and for the minimum length of the final product forming part of the forging hammers (2a to 2e) (LK-min), the following condition (10) is:

(10) LK-min = K x Vor, where K as the number of feeds (Vor) corresponds to the quotient Q-W and Vor is defined as a feed / forging period [mm] according to the formula (11):

(1 1) Prev = V-outlet [mm / min] x N / strokes / minute where V-outlet is the exit velocity of the forging stock

Forging hammers (2a to 2e) is defined.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the forging hammers (2a to 2e) for the production of similar square profiles are usable when the condition (7) is satisfied: (7) number H <Anz-S, where Anz-H are defined as the number of forging hammers (2a to 2e) and Anz-S as the number of symmetry contours and the number of symmetry contours (Anz-S) is given by the formula (8): (8) Anz-S = 3607 W-axis and for the case where the quotient (QW) consists of an angular range of the

Forging hammer (2a to 2e) (WH) to the axis symmetry angle (W-axis) multiplied by an integer (j) is integer, wherein for the angle range of the forging hammer (WH) the following formula (9) and for the number (j) the smallest possible integer condition (12) is:

(9) W-H = 360 ° / No. H

(12) j> = 2 each jth forging hammer (2a to 2e) is designed identically, and for the minimum length of the end product forming part of the forging hammers (LK-min) the following condition (10) is met:

(10) LK-min = K x Vor, where K is calculated as the number of feeds according to the formula (13):

(13) K = ceil (Q-W) and before is defined as a feed / forging period at the forging outlet [mm] according to the formula (11):

Forging hammers (2a to 2e) is defined.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a contour of the end profile forming part of the forging hammer (2a to 2e) is formed such that a position (Pos1) of the symmetry contour in the middle of a straight line section of the symmetry contour of the profile and in the middle of the contour of the associated Schmiedehammers (2a to 2e) and a position (Pos2) of the symmetry contour in the corner of the symmetry contour of the profile and in the middle of the contour of the associated forging hammer (2a to 2e), so that the production of profiles of the largest possible range of equivalent diameter is allowed, wherein the equivalent diameter is defined as a circle diameter whose surface area corresponds to the surface with the outer contour to be produced.

7. The method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that axisymmetric profiles can be produced with a about a pitch angle gamma rotating about the longitudinal center axis axis symmetry, when the feed Before is adjusted according to the following formula (formula 3):

(1 1) Prev = W rotation [°] x N x equivalent profile diameter / 2 x Pi / 1807 tan (gamma).

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that for an axially symmetrical hollow profile to be produced forging with a in the effective range of forging hammers (2a to 2e) arranged in the hollow profile and with one of the required inner contour corresponding profiled inner tool.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that rotates synchronously with the rotation of the hollow profile, the inner tool.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the axial feed per Schmiedeperiode evenly over the number of strokes per forging period (N) is divided.

1 1. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the axial feed Before per forging period only once within a

Forging period takes place.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that at least four forging hammers (2a to 2e) are in use.