WO2015140117A1

WO2015140117A1 - Device for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves

Info

Publication number: WO2015140117A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/055462
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans-Werner Müller; Marten Callsen
Original assignee: Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh; Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date: 2014-03-18
Filing date: 2015-03-16
Publication date: 2015-09-24
Also published as: KR20160133527A; TR201808341T4; EP3120412B1; KR101951532B1; ES2669990T3; EP3120412A1; DE102014103669A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves, in particular for a submarine, wherein the device has an antenna unit having a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The antenna unit can be moved between a stowed position retracted in a carrier element and an operating position extended from the carrier element. In the operating position, the antenna unit can optionally be operated in a first mode of operation or in a second mode of operation. Furthermore, in the first mode of operation, the first and the second antenna element are connected so as to form a dipole antenna, and in the second mode of operation, the first and the second antenna element are connected to form a monopole antenna.

Description

DESCRIPTION

title

Apparatus for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves Prior art

The present invention is based on a device for transmitting and / or

Receiving electromagnetic waves with an antenna unit, which is movable between a retracted into a support member stowed position and a deployed from the carrier element use position

Such devices are well known and are commonly used on submarines with retractable antenna masts to leave the antenna unit in a retracted stowed position in the antenna mast during dive travel, and extend the antenna unit to the use position of the antenna mast only when surfacing or at sea depth.

In the known antenna systems for submarines are also usually

Different antennas are used for different transmission and reception requirements in order to be able to provide optimum transmission and reception conditions at all times. For shortwave radio (HF radio, high frequency) submarines almost exclusively use vertical rod antennas (monopole antennas). These antennas, due to their slim design, are so-called narrow band antennas, i. The antenna must be tuned even with the smallest frequency changes by antenna tuning devices. Thus, narrow band antennas for electronic countermeasures (ECCM: Electric Counter Counter Measures) against jammers are unsuitable because the

Countermeasures against jammers are usually based on fast frequency changes (frequency hopping) and tune antennas usually too slow.

Antennas with a correspondingly thick design are broadband antennas that are over long distances

Frequency ranges do not need to be constantly retuned and thus suitable for ECCM operation. Furthermore, vertical rod antennas are due to their flat

Radiation characteristic primarily for bump propagation and thus for the

Local transport suitable. Dipole antennas are due to their steeper radiation characteristic for long-distance operation (also called DX mode) suitable because of

Long-distance operation based on the reflection of radio waves at the ionosphere while The radio waves of rod antenna mainly as surface and bumps propagate through the troposphere along the earth's surface. In existence of both

Antenna systems - rod antenna and dipole antenna - it is possible to provide the connected radios the most powerful antenna, which contributes to the reduction of interference diversity (antenna diversity).

A disadvantage of the use of several extendable and retractable antennas in

In the case of submarines, movable antenna masts is that thick and heavy mast systems for receiving the individual antenna elements and the associated inputs and outputs

Extension mechanisms are necessary. In addition, large antenna mast systems lead to an increased betrayal risk for the submarine due to optical or radar-based detection.

Disclosure of the invention

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves which, on the one hand, satisfies the different transmission and reception requirements (DX and local operation, ECCM operation, antenna diversity operation). On the other hand, allows a more compact design of the support element (reduction of betrayal) allows.

This object is achieved with a device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves, in particular for a submarine, wherein the device has a

Antenna unit having a first antenna element and a second antenna element, wherein the antenna unit is moved between a retracted into a support member storage position and extended from the carrier element use position, wherein in the use position, the antenna unit is operable in a first operating mode and in a second operating mode and optionally wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element in the first operating mode are connected to a dipole antenna and in the second operating mode to a monopole antenna with each other.

The device according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the antenna unit can be operated in two different operating modes, the first operating mode and the second operating mode, without that for each operating mode

different antennas are necessary. The total number of need

Antenna elements is thus reduced, whereby the optionally acting as an antenna mast carrier element for the antenna unit can be kept compact, resulting in A reduction in the risk of treachery of the submarine (less water resistance, less turbulence, lower optical detectability, lower Radarrückstrahlfläche) leads. In the first operating mode thereby comparatively good transmission and

Receive services for long-distance operation (also referred to as DX mode, DX stands for "Distance") achieved in short-wave radio (RF radio, High Frequency) by the first and the second antenna element are connected to a common dipole antenna, since the dipole Antenna primarily emits space waves that are reflected at the ionosphere and thus can cover large distances. At the same time, the second operating mode makes it possible to connect the first and the second antenna element to a common monopole antenna, which corresponds in particular to a short, thick rod antenna with a corresponding broadband characteristic. On the one hand, this antenna shape has good transmission and reception powers in the vicinity of the shortwave band (RF radio, high frequency), since the radio waves of rod antennas propagate primarily as surface waves and bumps through the troposphere along the earth's surface, and on the other hand is additionally due to the broadband suitable for Frequency Hopping operation. Advantageously, in particular by the presence of two different antenna systems (dipole antenna and rod antenna) on an antenna mast by a downstream radio system with respect to the instantaneous receive / transmit power, the optimal antenna system can be selected, resulting in an antenna diversity (antenna diversity operation).

Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the dependent claims, as well as the description with reference to the drawings.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the device has a switching device which is configured for switching the antenna unit between the first and the second operating mode, wherein in the first operating mode, the first and the second antenna element by means of the switching means electrically isolated from each other and each with a signal conductor are connected and where in the second

Operating mode, the first and the second antenna element by means of the switching device are electrically conductively connected to each other and to a signal conductor. The

Switching device advantageously allows rapid switching between the first and the second operating mode, so that depending on the current

Communication request the optimal antenna configuration in radio frequency radio is selectable. The switching device is preferably realized via vacuum relays, which are arranged in particular in a pressure vessel in the upper region (also referred to as the free end) of the carrier element. According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first antenna element and the second antenna element are each formed parabolic, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element preferably made of an elastic material, for example, in each case a flexible rod

glass fiber reinforced plastic with internal metal and preferably copper strand, are made. Advantageously, the first and the second antenna element each have a curved shape due to their parabolic shape. It is conceivable, for example, that the first and the second antenna element each substantially comprise the shape of the circumference of a circle segment of a quarter circle. In this way, a space-compact dipole antenna, in particular in partial areas approximately V-shaped realize

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first antenna element has a first free end region and a first guided end region and wherein the second antenna element has a second free end region and a second guided end region, wherein the first free end region and the second free end region in the Jam position are arranged substantially parallel to each other in the carrier element and are aligned in the use position substantially at an angle or preferably anti-parallel to each other and arranged outside of the carrier element. The first guided end region and the second guided end region are in the

Use position are preferably arranged substantially at an angle to each other and in the stowed position optionally substantially parallel to each other within the

Carrier element arranged. Advantageously, the first and the second antenna element can thus extend through a comparatively small output opening in the free end or upper region of the carrier element, the first free end region of the first antenna element and the second free end region of the second antenna element moving apart in a fan-like manner during extension and the dipole antenna for the first operating state is thus "spanned". In addition, the first free end region and the second free end region preferably exhibit anti-parallel in the position of use

opposite directions, making the second operating mode rod-shaped

Monopole antenna can be achieved by the two antenna elements in the same spatial arrangement. For both operating modes are thus good transmission and

Receiving services.

According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that within the support element, an at least partially curved first guide tube, in which the first antenna is slidably mounted, and an at least partially curved second guide tube in which the second antenna is slidably mounted, are arranged. Advantageously, the antennas are automatically pivoted when entering the guide tubes or when extending from the guide tubes. Preferably, the first and second guide tubes each comprise a rectilinear lower course and a curved upper course.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the device has at least one guide element coupled to the antenna unit, which is movable for extending the antenna unit out of the carrier element and for retracting the antenna unit into the carrier element in a guideway within the carrier element. Advantageously, the guide element together with the

Retracted antenna unit, for example, when the submarine goes on diving trip and no communication in the high-frequency band is needed. The device preferably has a drive mechanism and in particular a cable pull mechanism which is designed to move the at least one guide element in the guide track, wherein the guide track in the region of an outlet opening provided on the carrier element for the antenna unit is a curve segment for tilting the antenna unit or the first and second Antenna element comprises. A connection between the drive mechanism and the at least one guide element causes a tilting of the antenna unit at the intended outlet opening caused by the

Curve segment too. Advantageously, the guide element tilts in the direction of travel to the rear, when the guide element reaches the upper stop of the guideway and thus also the outlet opening at the free end of the support element. This results in that the first and the second antenna element in the use position are advantageously inclined slightly backwards. In the region of the outlet opening, contacts are preferably arranged which respectively contact the first and second antenna elements and connect them to the switching device. The switching device then connects the respective antenna element with the separate signal conductors (first operating mode) or with the signal conductor and the ground (second operating mode), depending on the operating mode set.

The device preferably has a first guide element, which is coupled to the first antenna element, and a second guide element, which is coupled to the second antenna element, which in each case is movable in a separate guide track within the carrier element and can be driven by means of the common drive mechanism. The respective coupling between the antenna element and the

Guide element also allows the tilting of the antenna element in the

Use position at the outlet opening. According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the carrier element between a retracted into a structure of the submarine

Non-use position and an extended from the construction position of use is movable. The carrier element preferably comprises an antenna mast for the submarine. The cross section of the antenna mast is preferably streamlined and particularly preferably teardrop-shaped. It is conceivable that the antenna mast in the direction of travel of the submarine on its front side is round and has at its rear an elongated spoiler lip, thereby reducing the water resistance and visible on the surface of the water swirls.

Another object of the present invention is a method for operating a, in particular inventive device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves, wherein an antenna unit having a first and second antenna element between a retracted into a support member stowed position and extended from the carrier element use position is operated, wherein in the use position, the antenna unit is selectively operated in a first operating mode or in a second operating mode, and wherein the first and second

Antenna element in the first mode of operation to a dipole antenna and in the second

Operating mode to a monopole antenna are interconnected. The

The method according to the invention makes it possible to operate the antenna unit in two different operating modes without having separate operating modes for each operating mode

Antenna elements would be necessary. This leads to the fact that additional antenna elements can be saved and thus a comparatively simple, cost-effective and

Space-compact device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves can be provided.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that in the first operating mode, the first and the second antenna are electrically isolated from each other and each connected to a signal conductor and wherein in the second operating mode, the first and the second antenna element are electrically conductively connected to each other and to a signal conductor. Advantageously, a dipole antenna is thus realized in the first operating mode, which comparatively good transmission and reception services for long-distance operation (also referred to as DX operation, DX stands for "Distance") in

Shortwave radio (RF radio, High Frequency) achieved by the first and the second

Antenna element are connected to a common dipole antenna, since the dipole antenna emits primarily space waves that are reflected at the ionosphere and thus be able to travel long distances. In the second operating mode, however, a common monopole antenna is realized, ie a short, thick rod antenna, which comparatively good transmission and reception performance for the near area in

Shortwave radio (RF radio, high frequency) provides, as the radio waves of

Rod antennas spread primarily as surface and bumps through the troposphere along the earth's surface. The switching operation is preferably by means of

Realized vacuum relay.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that when transferring the antenna unit from the stowed position to the use position, a first free

End region of the first antenna element and a second free end region of the second antenna element are arranged substantially at an angle or preferably anti-parallel to each other. In an advantageous manner, a fan-shaped dipole antenna is thus realized, with which in particular for the first operating mode

comparatively good transmission and reception performances are to be achieved. Furthermore, the first free end region and the second free end region in the position of use also show almost antiparallel in opposite directions, so that in the second operating mode, the rod-shaped monopole antenna can also be approximated well by the two antenna elements, so that also in the second operating mode good transmission and reception performance can be achieved.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that when transferring the antenna unit from the stowage position to the use position, the first

Antenna element to be moved by an at least partially curved first guide tube and the second antenna element by an at least partially curved second guide tube.

According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the

Carrier element between a retracted into a structure of the Uboots

Non-use position and an extended from the structure position of use is moved.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the

Drawings, as well as from the following description of preferred

Embodiments of the drawings. The drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of the invention, which the essential

Do not limit the idea of the invention. Brief description of the drawings

Figures 1 a and 1 b show schematic sectional views of a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention once in a stowed position and once in a use position.

Figures 2a to 2c show schematic detail views of the device according to the

exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figures 3a and 3b show schematic cross-sectional views of the device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figures 4a and 4b show schematic schematic diagrams of an antenna unit of

Device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, once in a first operating mode and once in a second operating mode interconnected.

FIGS. 5a to 5c show schematic views of a device in accordance with FIG

another embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiments of the invention

In the various figures, the same parts are always with the same reference numerals and are therefore usually named or mentioned only once in each case.

FIGS. 1a and 1b are schematic sectional views of an apparatus 1 for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves according to an exemplary embodiment

Embodiment of the present invention shown. The device 1 comprises a carrier element 2, which acts as an antenna mast for an antenna unit 13. The carrier element 2 is integrated in a structure 3 of a submarine and can be moved between the retracted inoperative position shown in FIG. 1, in which the carrier element 2 has completely retracted into the structure 3, and an extended use position shown in FIG. 2, in which the carrier element 2 is vertical protruding from the structure of the submarine, be moved. In the rear region of the support element 2, a lifting cylinder 29 is arranged, by means of which the carrier element 2 is moved between the non-use position and the use position. Within the support member 2, a partially curved first guide tube 4 and a partially curved second guide tube 5 are arranged (see Figure 4a). The first and second guide tubes 4, 5 extend in their upper region in each case curved and preferably in its lower region in a straight line. In the first guide tube 4, a first antenna element 6 and in the second guide tube 5, a second antenna element 7 is arranged. The first and second antenna elements 6, 7 form the antenna unit 13 and are in each case between the stowage position 34 shown in FIG. 1 a, in which the first and second antenna elements 6, 7 are inside the first and second guide tubes 4, 5 and thus also completely inside 1 b, and in which the first antenna element 6 from the first guide tube 4 and the second antenna element 7 from the second guide tube 5 are fully extended and thus from an outlet opening 1 1 at the free end 12 of the support member 2 protrude from the support member 2, movable.

For moving the two antenna elements 6, 7, both antenna elements 6, 7 are each connected to a guide element 8 designed as a guide carriage (see FIGS. 3a and 3b), which is displaceably guided within a guide track 9 within the carrier element 2. The guide track 9 extends substantially in the axial direction of the carrier element 2. The guide elements 8 are coupled to a drive mechanism in the form of a cable pull mechanism 10, with which each guide element 8 along the corresponding guide track 9 is movable to the associated antenna element 6, 7 between the Jam position 34 and the use position 35 to proceed. When the guide element 8 is moved in the direction of the outlet opening 11, the first antenna element 6 is extended out of the first guide tube 4 and the second antenna element 7 out of the second guide tube 5. Analog will be when returning the

Guide element 8, the first antenna element 6 back into the first guide tube 4 and the second antenna element 7 pushed back into the second guide tube 5. In the upper region of the guideway 9, the guideway 9 has a curved segment 36, which is inclined backwards, counter to the direction of travel 14 of the submersible. When the guide element 8 reaches this curve segment 36, the guide element 8 tips backwards, so that the first and the second antenna element 6, 7 in the use position 35 are inclined backwards counter to the direction of travel 14. The first and the second antenna element 6, 7 are preferably made of a flexible or elastic material.

The antenna unit 13 may be in two different operating modes, a first

Operating mode 15 and a second operating mode 16, operated. In the first Operating mode 15, the first and second antenna element 6, 7 connected by means of a switching device 17 to a dipole antenna 18 (see Figure 5a). The

For this purpose switching device 17 connects the first antenna element 6 to a first signal conductor 19 and the second antenna element 7 to a second signal conductor 20. The dipole antenna 18 has comparatively good transmitting and receiving powers for long-distance operation (also referred to as DX operation; "Distance") in the

Shortwave radio (RF radio, high frequency), since the dipole antenna 18 emits primarily space waves that are reflected at the ionosphere and thus can travel long distances. In the second operating mode 16, the first and second

Antenna element 6, 7 connected by means of the switching device 17 to a common monopole antenna 21. For this purpose, the first and second antenna elements 6, 7 are electrically conductively connected to each other and to a common signal conductor 22. The first and second antenna element 6, 7 act as a short, thick rod antenna. The monopole antenna 21 provides comparatively good transmission and reception powers for the short-range radio frequency (RF radio, high frequency), since their radio waves primarily as surface and bumps through the troposphere along the

Spread earth surface. In the use position 35 of the antenna unit 13, the switching device 17 allows rapid switching between the first and the second operating mode 15, 16. It is conceivable that the switching device 17 for this purpose comprises a vacuum relay, which is arranged in a pressure vessel 23 in the carrier element 2.

The first antenna element 6 has a first free end region 24, which protrudes freely in the use position 35, and a first guided end region 25, to which the first antenna element 6 is connected to the corresponding guide element 8. Analogously, the second antenna element 7 has a second free end region 26, which also protrudes freely in the use position 35, and a second guided end region 27, to which the second antenna element 7 is connected to the associated guide element 8. The first antenna element 6 and the second antenna element 7 are each parabolic, i. each

Antenna element 6, 7 has substantially the shape of the circumference of a circle segment. The first and second antenna element 6, 7 are each aligned with each other so that in the use position 35, the first free end portion 24 and the second free end portion 26 show almost anti-parallel in opposite directions, which are aligned substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel 14 of the submarine. Alternatively, the first and second free end regions 24, 26 may also be arranged only at an angle to one another. The first guided end portion 25 and the second guided end portion 27 are in the use position 35 in the region of the outlet opening 1 1 am Carrier element 2 and are therefore aligned at an angle to each other, since the guide tubes 4, 5 are curved in this area. The first and the second antenna element 6, 7 thus form in the use position 35 substantially a counter to the direction of travel 14 to the rear inclined V-shaped arrangement.

When transferring the antenna unit 13 from the use position 35 to the stowage position 34, the antenna elements 6, 7 are transferred into the respective guide elements 4, 5 curved within the carrier element 2 in accordance with the antenna elements 6, 7, so that in the stowed position 34 the first free end area now exists 24 and the second free end portion 26 in the region of the outlet opening 1 1 are adjacent and arranged at an angle to each other (since the guide tubes 4, 5 are curved in this area), while the first guided end portion 25 and the second guided end portion 27 in the stowage position 34 from each other are spaced apart and preferably parallel (since the guide tubes 4, 5 each extend rectilinearly in this area) are arranged. The above-described alignment of the first and second antenna 6, 7 in the storage and use position 35 is effected solely by the extension and retraction into the fixed and curved guide tubes 4, 5 by means of the guide elements eighth

FIGS. 2 a to 2 c show schematic detail views of the device 1 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 1, the region of the free end 12 of the support member 2 is illustrated enlarged. In this view, a guide element 8 can be seen, which is guided in a guideway 9. The guideway 9 extends in the axial direction within the support member 2 and has at its illustrated upper end of the curve segment 36, which leads to tilting of the support member 2 in its uppermost end position. The guide element 8 comprises a guide carriage, which is provided with two rollers, which slide along the wall of the guide track 9 along. The carriage is at one end over one

Coupling clamp coupled to a cable of the cable pull mechanism 10. At the other end, the respective antenna element 6, 7 is coupled to the guide carriage. The cable is deflected several times within the support member 2 via pulleys. By means of the

Cable pull the carriage can be moved along the guideway within the support member 2 to move the antenna elements 6, 7 between the stowed position 34 and the use position 35. In the region of the illustrated free end 12 of the carrier element 2, the pressure vessel 23 is further shown, in which the switching device 17 is arranged in particular in the form of the vacuum relay. For contacting the

Antenna elements 6, 7 are in the upper region of the guideway 9 contacts 30th

arranged, via which an electrically conductive contact between the switching device 17th and each of the first and second antenna elements 6, 7, when the antenna unit 13 is in the use position 35. The interconnection of

Antenna unit 13 in the first or second operating mode 15, 16 takes place - as described above - by means of and within the switching device 17th

In Figure 2b is a cross-sectional view of the running in the guideway 9

Guide element 8 illustrated. A contact 30 for producing the electrically conductive connection between one of the two antenna elements 6, 7 and the switching device 17 is shown in FIG. 2c. It can be seen that a contact finger 31 connected to the antenna element 6, 7 and the guide element 8 is inserted into a contact receptacle 32 connected to the switching device 17 when the carrier element 8 reaches its upper end position within the guide track 9. In the use position 35, the contact between the antennas 6, 7 and the switching device 17 is produced in this way.

FIGS. 3a and 3b show schematic cross-sectional views of the device 1 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 a shows the cross section of the carrier element 2 in the region of the opening 37 in the structure 3 of the submarine (see FIG. 1 b). Inside the carrier element 2 are the two

Guideways 9 for the corresponding guide elements 8 of the first and second antenna element 6, 7 are arranged. The two guideways 9 are arranged at an angle to each other. In the present example, therefore, the two antenna elements 6, 7 in the position of use are also in bird's-eye view, i. with regard to one

Horizontal plane, V-shaped. In the front part of the support member 2, a clamping device 28 is arranged, which serves to lock the cable. FIG. 3b illustrates a cross-section of the carrier element 2 in the region of the free end 12, wherein inside the carrier element 2 the first guide tube 4 for the first antenna element 6 and the second guide tube 5 for the second antenna element 7 can be seen. In the rear region of the carrier element 2, the pressure vessel 23 is arranged.

In FIGS. 4 a and 4 b schematic schematic diagrams of the antenna unit 13 of the device 1 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention are shown interconnected once in the first operating mode 15 and once in a second operating mode 16. The different interconnection is illustrated for the sake of clarity only by way of example and purely schematically with reference to a coaxial antenna cable. In the first operating mode 15, shown in FIG. 5 a, the first antenna element 6 is connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable acting as signal conductor 19 and the second one Antenna element 7 with the jacket-shaped outer conductor of the coaxial cable, in which case the outer conductor is used as a further signal conductor 20. The first and second

Antenna element 6, 7 are thus interconnected to the dipole antenna 18. The second operating mode 16 is shown in Figure 5b, wherein the first and the second antenna element 6, 7 are electrically conductively connected to each other and with the acting as a signal conductor 22 inner conductor of the coaxial cable. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable is used here in the usual way only to the shield 33 is therefore grounded.

It can also be seen in FIGS. 4a and 4b that the first and second antenna elements 6, 7 are parabolic in shape and in the use position 35 they are fan-shaped and arranged in a V-shape. The first free end region 24 and the second free end region 26 are shown in anti-parallel in opposite directions while the first guided

End portion 25 and the second guided end portion 28 adjacent and are arranged almost parallel to each other.

FIGS. 5a to 5c show schematic views of a device 1 according to an alternative further embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 a shows a schematic rear view of the device 1 along the direction of travel 14 of the submarine, FIG. 5 b shows a top view of the device 1 and FIG. 5 c shows a side view of the device 1. The further embodiment is substantially similar to the previous embodiment illustrated and described with reference to FIGS. 1 a to 4 b, wherein, in contrast to the further embodiment, only the first and second guide tubes 4, 5 intersect along the direction of travel 14. It can be seen in FIG. 5a that both guide tubes 4, 5 extend in a curved manner in their upper region in a plane perpendicular to the direction of travel 14 and extend parallel to one another in their lower region (cf. FIG. 5a). In order to achieve a space-compact arrangement as possible, the two guide tubes 4, 5 intersect. In a plane parallel to the direction of travel 14, both guide tubes 4, 5 are likewise curved (see FIG. 5c). At the upper end of the guide tubes 4, 5, the two antenna elements 6, 7 are shown, which are enclosed by insulators. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

contraption

2 carrier element

3 construction

4 First guide tube

5 second guide tube

6 First antenna element

7 second antenna element

8 guide element

9 guideway

10 cable pull mechanics

1 1 outlet opening

12 free end

13 antenna unit

14 direction of travel

15 First operating mode

16 Second operating mode

17 switching device

18 dipole antenna

19 First signal conductor

20 Second signal conductor

21 monopole antenna

22 Common signal conductor

23 pressure vessels

24 First free end area

25 First guided end area

26 Second free end area

27 Second run end

28 clamping device

29 lifting cylinders

30 knife contact

31 contact fingers

32 contact

33 shielding

34 stowage position

35 use position

36 curve segment

37 opening

Claims

1 . Device (1) for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves, in particular for a submarine, wherein the device (1) has an antenna unit (13) with a first antenna element (6) and a second antenna element (7), wherein the antenna unit (13) between a carrier element (2)

retracted stowed position (34) and one of the support element (2)

extended use position (35) is movable, characterized in that in the use position (35), the antenna unit (13) is selectively operable in a first operating mode (15) and in a second operating mode (16), wherein the first and the second antenna element ( 6, 7) in the first operating mode (15) to a dipole antenna (18) and in the second operating mode (16) to a monopole antenna (21) are interconnected.

2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the device (1) comprises a switching device (17) which is configured for switching the antenna unit (13) between the first and the second operating mode (15, 16), wherein in the first operating mode (15) the first and the second antenna element (6, 7) by means of the switching device (17) electrically isolated from each other and each with a

Signal conductors (19, 20) are connected and wherein in the second operating mode (16), the first and the second antenna element (6, 7) by means of the switching device (17) are electrically conductively connected to each other and to a signal conductor (22).

3. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and the second antenna element (6, 7) are each formed parabolic, wherein the first and the second antenna element (6, 7) are preferably made of an elastic material.

4. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first

Antenna element (6) has a first free end region (24) and a first guided end region (25) and wherein the second antenna element (7) has a second free end region (26) and a second guided end region (27), wherein the first free end region (24) and the second free end region (26) in the

Jam position (34) are arranged substantially parallel to each other in the carrier element (2) and / or in the use position (35) are aligned substantially at an angle or antiparallel to each other.

5. Device (1) according to claim 4, wherein the first guided end portion (25) and the second guided end portion (27) in the use position (35) are arranged substantially at an angle to each other and / or in the stowed position (34) in

Are arranged substantially parallel to each other within the support element (2).

6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within the carrier element (2) an at least partially curved first guide tube (4) in which the first antenna element (6) is displaceably mounted, and an at least partially curved second guide tube (5 ), in which the second

Antenna element (7) is slidably mounted, are arranged, wherein the first and / or second guide tube (4, 5) each comprise a rectilinear lower course and a curved upper course.

7. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device

(1) at least one with the antenna unit (13) coupled guide element (8), which for extending the antenna unit (13) from the carrier element

(2) and for retracting the antenna unit (13) into the carrier element (2) in a guide track (9) within the carrier element (2) is movable.

8. Device (1) according to claim 7, wherein the device (1) has a drive mechanism and in particular a cable pull mechanism (10) which is designed for moving the at least one guide element (8) in the guide track (9), wherein the guide track ( 8) in the region of a for the antenna unit (13) provided for the outlet opening (1 1) on the support element (2) comprises a curve segment (36) for tilting the antenna unit (13).

9. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Carrier element (2) between a retracted into a structure (3) of the submarine non-use position and one of the structure (3) extended

Use position is movable.

10. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Switching device (17) vacuum relay for switching the antenna unit (13) between the first and the second operating mode (15, 16).

1 1. A method for operating a device (1) for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein an antenna unit (13) having a first and second

Antenna element (6, 7) between a stowed in a carrier element (2) storage position (34) and one of the support element (2) extended

Use position (35) is moved, characterized in that in the use position (35), the antenna unit (13) optionally in a first

Operating mode (15) or in a second operating mode (16) is operated, wherein the first and the second antenna element (6, 7) in the first operating mode (15) to a dipole antenna (18) and in the second operating mode (16) to a Monopol antenna (21) are interconnected.

12. The method of claim 1 1, wherein in the first operating mode (15) the first and the second antenna element (6, 7) electrically isolated from each other and each with a signal conductor (19, 20) are connected and wherein in the second operating mode (16) first and the second antenna element (6, 7) are electrically conductively connected to each other and to a signal conductor (22).

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 1 or 12, wherein during the transfer of the

Antenna unit (13) from the stowage position (34) in the use position (35) a first free end portion (24) of the first antenna element (6) and a second free end portion (26) of the second antenna element (7) arranged substantially angled or antiparallel to each other become.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 1 to 13, wherein during the transfer of the

Antenna unit (13) from the stowage position (34) in the use position (35) the first antenna element (6) by a curved first guide tube (4) and the second antenna element (7) by a curved second guide tube (5) are moved.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 1 to 14, wherein the carrier element (2)

is moved between a retracted into a structure (3) of the submarine non-use position and an extended from the structure (3) use position.