WO2015133697A1

WO2015133697A1 - Electricity generation apparatus using atmospheric (air) latent heat

Info

Publication number: WO2015133697A1
Application number: PCT/KR2014/009845
Authority: WO
Inventors: 한상구
Original assignee: 주식회사 레시아
Priority date: 2014-03-07
Filing date: 2014-10-20
Publication date: 2015-09-11
Also published as: CN105102773A; KR101391071B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electricity generation apparatus using atmospheric (air) latent heat, comprising: an ammonia evaporator which vaporizes ammonia (NH₃) and absorbs hot air by drawing the latent heat included in the atmosphere into the apparatus and allowing the NH₃ to pass through a pipe therein, whereby power or electric energy is autonomously produced by absorbing the latent heat at 25°C into the apparatus using NH₃ as a working fluid and using energy produced by self-circulation of the fluid; a first forced ventilator which discharges the used atmosphere (air) to the outside; a heat pump which compresses the vaporized NH₃ refrigerant to further increase the temperature; a heat exchanger which generates steam by allowing the compressed and vaporized NH₃ refrigerant to pass through the pipe so that an R-123 solution accommodated therein is boiled; a steam engine which is operated by adiabatically expanding the generated steam; a BL generator which generates electricity by the operation of the steam engine; a wet steam cooler which liquefies the R-123, which is in a wet steam state after the adiabatic expansion, by compressing the R-123 with a second compression motor and allowing the R-123 to pass through the pipe, followed by further cooling of the liquefied R-123; a second forced ventilator which discharges hot ambient air to the outside; a first compression motor which accelerates the R-123 that has passed through the wet steam cooler so that the R-123 is injected into the heat exchanger; and an expansion valve which decompresses the high-pressure NH₃ that has passed through the heat exchanger to a low pressure before the NH₃ is sent to the ammonia evaporator and adjusts the flow of the NH₃.

Description

Electric generator using atmospheric (air) latent heat

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electricity generating device using latent (air) latent heat, wherein ammonia (NH ₃ ), which is a working fluid of a refrigerating device, is used as a working fluid for drawing latent heat in the air, To produce a heat source and heat the evaporated fluid with the R-123 refrigerant as the secondary working fluid to operate the steam engine equipped with the generator, thereby producing electricity using atmospheric (air) latent heat that produces electricity. It relates to a generating device.

As is well known, 'internal combustion engine' refers to a power generating device that converts thermal energy generated by burning fuel into mechanical work, and mixes hydrocarbon fuel (coal, petroleum, etc.) with air at an appropriate ratio and burns it inside the engine. When the gas is hot and high pressure is generated, the power is obtained by using the expansion pressure of the gas. Such internal combustion engines include engines that generate power by the expansion force of a gas produced by combustion and explosion of fuel in a cylinder, that is, a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, a gas turbine engine, and the like.

In addition, the 'external combustion engine' is the heat transfer surface of the boiler or heater (

As a heat engine that generates power by a fluid heated by a heating medium (water or gas), a combustion device must be provided separately from the body of the external combustion engine. In general, the heat transfer efficiency is bad and large. Such external combustion engines include steam engines, steam turbines and closed gas turbines, but they are used only in special places due to their low efficiency.

These internal combustion engines and external combustion engines operate using power generated by themselves, or produce electric energy. In recent years, energy conservation has become important, as environmental reserves and fossil energy reserves decrease rapidly. Multifaceted ways to produce energy have been tried.

On the other hand, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the refrigerator is a measure of determining whether the freezer's thermal efficiency is good or bad, and the COP is the atmospheric temperature (evaporation temperature), condenser temperature, condensation method, heat transfer method and material, It depends on variables such as compression method and compressor performance.

In general, the refrigerator can calculate the COP by applying the variables of these COPs, which is 6.5 or less, and this COP can not be used at all by using the power generated by itself. Rather, it cannot afford even its own load inside the system.

The present invention has been made in accordance with the necessity of the above development, by producing a power or electric energy by itself by using ammonia as the working fluid and the latent heat at 25 ℃ into the device to utilize the energy generated by the self-circulation of the fluid The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electricity generating device using latent (air) latent heat that can be used as an external power source.

Was passed through the ammonia (NH ₃₎ the latent heat contained in the electricity generating device using the atmosphere (air), the latent heat of the present invention, the atmosphere in the inside of the pipe by bringing into the apparatus according to the above-mentioned object vaporize the ammonia (NH ₃₎ Ammonia evaporator to absorb hot air; A first forced exhaust fan for discharging the used air (air) to the outside; A heat pump for compressing the vaporized ammonia (NH ₃ ) refrigerant to further increase the temperature; A heat exchanger passing vaporized ammonia (NH ₃ ) refrigerant compressed into the pipe to boil the R-123 solution contained therein to generate steam; A steam engine operated by adiabatic expansion of the generated steam; BL generator for generating electricity by the operation of the steam engine; A wet steam cooler that cools to liquefy R-123 by compressing and passing R-123, which is in the state of wet steam, after the adiabatic expansion into a pipe with a second compression motor; A second forced fan for discharging the surrounding heat discharged from the wet steam cooler to the outside; A first compression motor for accelerating R-123 passing through the wet steam cooler and introducing the same into the heat exchanger; It provides an electric generator using atmospheric (air) latent heat, including; an expansion valve for reducing the high pressure ammonia passed through the heat exchanger to a low pressure before adjusting the flow rate of ammonia before sending to the ammonia evaporator.

The R-123 refrigerant (CHCL2CF3) is a fluid that is widely used as a fluid that generates steam instead of water to produce electricity on a small scale by using heat sources such as waste heat or underground heat of a factory. After R-123 is naturally compressed to 0.61Mpa (89 ℃), it is thermally expanded by adiabatic expansion inside the steam engine like the existing steam engine (the condition for thermal expansion is to lower the instantaneous temperature or decrease the atmospheric pressure). By converting into kinetic energy, the generator is rotated at 180 RPM / MIN to produce electricity required for the industry.

In addition, the use of latent heat at an atmospheric temperature of 25 ℃ requires the use of the R-123 fluid can obtain a pressure of 0.6Mpa in the region of 89 ℃, after the adiabatic expansion of the R-123 to liquefy by cooling the wet steam and permanently It is characterized by reusing.

The present invention absorbs latent heat in the air into the apparatus, uses ammonia as a working fluid, and condenses steel using R-123 (CHCL2CF3) as a heat exchanger refrigerant, thereby converting thermal energy into electrical energy, thereby eliminating insufficient power shortages. At the same time, there is a special effect to solve the problem of the increase of carbon dioxide and the increase of latent heat in the atmosphere by suppressing the use of carbon-based high heat sources such as coal and petroleum under the current global environmental conditions.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing an electricity generating device using latent air (atmosphere) of the present invention.

2 is a diagram illustrating a T-S (temperature-entropy) diagram and thermal efficiency of each section.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing an electric generator using the latent (air) latent heat of the present invention, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the T-S (temperature-entropy) diagram and the thermal efficiency for each section.

The ammonia evaporator 20 absorbs heat using ammonia (NH ₃ ) refrigerant in the pipe, using the atmosphere at 25 ° C. as the heat source among the heat (latent heat) contained in the atmosphere 10.

The used air (air) is discharged to the outside through the first forced fan 50.

The discharge temperature at 4.94 compression ratio by compressing the ammonia (NH ₃ ) refrigerant vaporized through the heat pump 30 is 1687.7kj / kg + 44.4kj / kg = 1732.1kj / kg, so the superheated steam table shows about 118 ° C ~ By using the temperature rise to 119 ℃ is used as a high heat source energy for vaporizing the R-123 refrigerant 110 of the heat exchanger (100).

Here, the increase in temperature after compression is possible with the help of a compressor that is powered from the outside according to Clausius expression in the second law of thermodynamics, and according to Boyle-Charles' law, a certain gas increases in temperature under pressure. As a result, the elevated temperature is adiabatic and used as a heat source to obtain mechanical energy.

Also, as Kelvin Franks, one of the laws of thermodynamics, states that "ideally operating heat engines cannot achieve 100% thermal efficiency," the thermal efficiency of the adiabatic expansion process that operates the steam engine according to the logic (after calculation 14.86) Calculate the output by calculating%).

The steam of about 118 ° C. of compressed ammonia (NH ₃ ) is used as a high heat source to vaporize the R-123 solution (CHCL2CF3). The steam engine 120 is saturated steam of the R-123 refrigerant 110 at 0.61 MPa. By converting heat into work by adiabatic expansion as a heat source to operate the steam engine 120, the electricity is produced by the BL generator 130 interlocked with the steam engine 120.

Here, the vaporized R-123 solution (CHCL2CF3) is vaporized using about 118 ° C. vapor of compressed ammonia (NH ₃ ) as a high heat source, and the characteristics of R-123 are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Basic state quantity to induce weighted calculation of grade factor R-123 Thermal state quantity of solution

Pressure (MPa)	Temperature (℃)	Saturated liquid (kj / kg)	Saturated Steam (kj / kg)
0..098	26.85	224.43	393.14
0.61	88.95	288.95	429.14

The steam engine 120 functions to convert heat into work by adiabatic expansion using R-123 saturated steam in a 0.61 MPa (88.935 ° C.) state as a heat source as shown in the above table.

The wet steam exiting the steam engine 120 is compressed through the second compression motor 90 to liquefy while passing through the wet steam cooler 70, and discharges the discharged heat through the second forced exhaust fan 60. .

In order to continuously use the R-123 refrigerant, it must be liquefied and accelerated through the compression motor 80 to be re-introduced into the heat exchanger 100. The cooler does not make a cooling device in which a separate power is consumed. After the evaporator 20, the wet steam cooler 70 is installed to naturally cool.

On the other hand, before sending the high pressure ammonia passed through the heat exchanger 100 to the ammonia evaporator 20 to the low pressure through the expansion valve 40 to adjust the flow rate of ammonia.

Here, the amount of thermal energy absorbing latent heat in the atmosphere is described as a coefficient of performance (COP) indicating the efficiency of the refrigerating device, wherein the coefficient of coefficient (COP) is the atmospheric temperature (evaporation temperature), condenser temperature, condensation method, heat transfer method and material, compression method And various performances such as compressor performance and inverter application.

In the present invention, the atmospheric temperature is based on 25 ℃, the condensation temperature is 57.893 ℃ in the temperature rise section, the vaporization section is 89 ℃, using ammonia (NH ₃ ) and R-123 refrigerant as a working fluid Calculation of the COP and calorie according to the change of the heat transfer process of the R-123 solution is divided into the step of raising the temperature to the vaporization temperature and the step of vaporizing at 88.935 ° C as follows. If you look at it,

1) Calculation of grade coefficient and heat consumption in temperature rise section (rise section from 27 ℃ to 89 ℃ of R-123 refrigerant)

(273.15 + 57.893) / (273.15 + 57.893)-(273.15 + 25) = 10.064 (27 ° C is the normal temperature of the R-123 refrigerant, 89 ° C is the temperature just before the R-123 refrigerant evaporates), (where 57.893 Is the intermediate condensation temperature of the R-123 temperature rise process of the above application), and the calorific calculation step (expressed as the first step) to raise the R-123 from 26.85 ° C to 88.935 ° C is 288.95 Kj / kg-224.43 Kj / kg = 64.52 Kj / kg of heat is consumed.

2) Calculation of grade coefficient and heat consumption in vaporization section (evaporation section at 89 ℃)

(273.15 + 89) / [273.15 + 89)-(273.15 + 25)] = 5.66, and the calorie calculation step for the R-123 refrigerant to evaporate by phase change to saturated steam in a 88.93 ° C saturated state (second step) In steps) consumes 429.14 Kj / kg-288.95 Kj / kg = 140.19 Kj / kg. In summary, it is shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2

Heat dissipation in temperature rise section and vaporization section of R-123

	Evaporator temperature	Condenser temperature	Temperature difference	The grade factor assigned to the formula	Heat consumption rate
General freezer	-15 ℃	34.5 ℃	49.5 ℃	5.16
Embodiment of the present invention	25 ° C (standby)	57.893 ℃	32.893 ℃	10.064	Temperature Rise Zone (64.52)
Embodiment of the present invention	25 ° C (standby)	89 ℃	64 ℃	5.66	Vaporization section (140.19)

Here, the condensation method is changed to forced convection rather than forced air in the temperature rise section, and the actual grade coefficient is calculated by using the phase change that is much faster than the forced convection in the vaporization section.

TABLE 3

Comparative analysis of COP calculation

	General freezer (comparative example)	Embodiment of the present invention (T / S diagram)
	General freezer (comparative example)	Temperature rise section	Vaporization section
Evaporator temperature	-15 ℃	25 ℃	25 ℃
Condenser temperature	30 ℃	57.893 ℃	89 ℃
Condensation Method	Forced waiting	Forced Convection (R-123)	Phase change (vaporization)
Heat transfer coefficient h (w / m ² , k)	85	3,500-11,000	5,000-100,000
Temperature difference	45 ℃	32.893 ℃	64 ℃
NH ₃ compression temperature	98 ℃	118 ℃	118 ℃
Actual grade factor	4.94	18.2	10.24
Weighted average		12.74 or more
Remarks		Because it is forced convection and phase change, it is estimated to be at least 81% higher.

As shown in Table 3 above, when the weighted average of the coefficient of temperature rise and the coefficient of vaporization is found, the weighted average calculation [(64.52 * 18.2) + (140.19 * 10.24) / (64.52 + 140.19)] = 12.74 Therefore, a grade factor of 12.74 or more is possible.

On the other hand, as shown in Figure 2, when looking at the TS diagram (correlation between temperature and entropy) as a concept of the sexual coefficient, the total energy Q = h + (w * heat pump sexual coefficient) according to the first law of thermodynamics (where h is The thermal state quantity (area a in the TS diagram below) and w at the time of re-entry of R-123 are the electric power requirements of the heat pump, so Q = a + b in the TS diagram below.

Looking closely at the T-S (temperature-entropy) diagram and the section-by-section description (in case of R-123),

h3 → 0 adiabatic expansion process

0 → h4 adiabatic expansion followed by natural cooling and loss

h4 → h1 Moisture (condensation) process by cooling working fluid (wet steam) after adiabatic expansion process

h1 → h2 Forced compression injection process (permanently reused) and calculated as h1 ≒ h2.

h2 → p Preheating process (temperature rise process) of heat emitter (R-123 refrigerant temperature rise process, expressed as 1 step)

p → h3 isotropic evaporation process (represented in two stages, evaporation of R-123 refrigerant).

In addition, in calculating the thermal efficiency, suppose that the compressor capacity is 4.2402 kw / h. Substituting the calculated coefficient (C.O.P) 12.74 and calculating the results are shown in Table 4 below.

Table 4

Calculation of thermal efficiency

Compressor capacity 4.2402 kw / h	Heat Absorption (NH ₃ Grade Coefficient 12.74) 4.2402 × 12.74 = 54.02	Calculated re-energy energy54.02 × 1.096 = 59.20kj / kg
Heat dissipation amount (evaporation latent heat) 54.02kj / kg (area b of TS diagram)		Re-entry energy 59.20kj / kg (area of TS diagram a)
Total Enthalpy: a + b = 54.02 + 59.20 = 113.22kj / kg

Since the present invention thermally expands the vaporization energy of the R-123 working fluid, it is shown in Table 5 when the thermal efficiency is calculated by substituting the Rankine cycle formula.

Table 5

Calculate Thermal Efficiency by Substituting the Rankine Cycle Formula

Temperature (℃)	Pressure (MPa)	Enthalpy (kj / kg)		Entropy (kj / kgK)
Temperature (℃)	Pressure (MPa)	Saturated liquid hf	Saturated steam	Saturated Liquid	Saturated Steam
26.85	0.098	224.43	393.14	1.0851	1.6475
88.93	0.610	288.95	429.14	1.2789	1.6661

Where h1 ≒ h2,

S4 = S1f + X4 (Slfg)

X4 = (1.6661-1.0815) / (1.6475-1.0851) = 1.03307

h4 = 224.43 + 1.03307 (393.14-224.43) = 398.72

Therefore thermal efficiency = 1- (h4-h1) / (h3-h2)

= 1- (398.72-224.43) / (429.14-224.43)

= 0.1486

= 14.86% (thermal efficiency).

As we saw earlier, the grade factor is calculated and the thermal efficiency is calculated.

Since grade factor * thermal efficiency = electricity output

In order to calculate the electricity output accordingly, as shown in [Table 4],

Assuming the input date is 4.2402 kw / h (heat pump performance),

4.2402 * 12.74 (Grade Coefficient) = 54.02kj / kg

The reentry energy is 54.02kj / kg * 1.096 times = 59.20kj / kg, so if you add the two together and multiply the thermal efficiency, (54.02kj / kg + 59.20kj / kg) * 14.86% = 16.82kw / h

In other words, if the grading coefficient is 12.74, the storage day is 16.82kw / h and the sum of input days consumed by each system's own load is 5.1402kw / h as shown in Table 6 below. Big.

Alternatively,

When the actual grade factor was calculated in [Table 3], since the above application was a process of vaporization through forced convection and phase change, the grade factor was expected to be increased by at least 81%.

If we assume that the air temperature is 15 ° C,

In addition, even if the calculation results are calculated by substituting the coefficients of formula as the forced waiting conditions, ignoring the forced convection and phase change conditions, the calculation of whether the surplus electricity required for the industry occurs,

Temperature rise section

(273.15 + 57.893) / [(273.15 + 57.893)-(273.15 + 15)] = 331.043 / 42.893 = 7.71

Vaporization section

(273.15 + 89) / [(273.15 + 89)-(273.15 + 15)] = 362.15 / 74 = 4.89

If you calculate the weighted average grade coefficients of the above two intervals,

[(64.52 * 7.71) + (140.19 * 4.89)] / (64.52 + 140.19) = (497.44 + 685.52) /204.71 = 5.77

If we calculate the actual electricity production on the assumption that [Table 4],

4.2402 * 5.77 = 24.4659kj / kg and the reentry energy is 24.4659 * 1.096 = 26.8146kj / kg

If you add the two together, 24.4659 + 26.8146 = 51.2805kj / kg, so multiply your thermal efficiency by 14.86%

51.2805kj / kg * 14.86% = 7.6202kw / h

In Table 6, the electricity consumption in the system is 5.1402 kw / h, so comparing the two above yields 7.6202 kw / h> 5.1402 kw / h.

Table 6

Comparison of electricity demand and power generation of each load in the device of the present invention

Contents	Electricity (kw / h)	Remarks
Compressor (Compressor)	4.2402	The amount of electricity consumed by each load in the system, i.e. the sum of the inputs 5.1402kw / h
Forced ventilator 2	0.15 * 2 = 0.30
2 compressed (circulating) motors	0.30 * 2 = 0.60
Power generation	16.82kw / h
Extra electricity	16.82-5.1402 = 11.6798kw / h	Can be used as an external power source

In the case of the present invention, the air in the atmosphere at 25 ° C. is drawn into the apparatus, and the condensation method is changed to forced convection instead of forced air in the temperature rise section, and heat transfer is much faster than forced convection in the secondary vaporization section. Using phase change,

By using ammonia (NH ₃ ) and R-123 refrigerant as the working fluid, it is possible to produce more than 16.82kw / h power generation as in the above example by realizing the grade factor more than 12.74. Even if the amount of electricity used is 5.1402 kw / h, it is possible to produce surplus electricity which can use more than 11.6798 kw / h as an external power source.

As mentioned above, although the present invention has been described through preferred embodiments, it is only intended to help understanding of the technical contents of the present invention and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention.

That is, those skilled in the art without departing from the technical gist of the present invention can be variously modified or modified, as well as such changes or modifications, the technical scope of the present invention in the interpretation of the claims. It is hard to say that I am within.

[Description of the code]

10: atmosphere (air) 20: ammonia evaporator

30: heat pump 40: expansion valve

50: first forced circulator 60: second forced circulator

70: wet steam cooler 80: first compression motor

90: second compression motor 100: heat exchanger

110: R-123 refrigerant 120: steam engine

130: BL generator

Claims

By bringing the latent heat contained in the air into the apparatus is passed through the ammonia (NH 3) in the interior of the pipe ammonia evaporator to absorb the heat to vaporize the ammonia (NH 3);

A first forced exhaust fan for discharging the used air (air) to the outside;

A heat pump for compressing the vaporized ammonia (NH 3 ) refrigerant to further increase the temperature;

A heat exchanger passing vaporized ammonia (NH 3 ) refrigerant compressed into the pipe to boil the R-123 solution contained therein to generate steam;

An adiabatic expansion engine including a steam engine for adiabatic expansion of the generated steam;

BL generator for generating electricity by the operation of the steam engine;

A wet steam cooler that cools to liquefy R-123 by compressing and passing R-123, which is in the state of wet steam, after the adiabatic expansion into a pipe with a second compression motor;

A second forced fan for discharging the surrounding heat discharged from the wet steam cooler to the outside;

A first compression motor for accelerating R-123 passing through the wet steam cooler and introducing the same into the heat exchanger;

And an expansion valve for reducing the high pressure ammonia passing through the heat exchanger to low pressure and adjusting the flow rate of the ammonia before sending the high pressure ammonia to the ammonia evaporator.