WO2015125493A1 - ラジカル源及び分子線エピタキシー装置 - Google Patents
ラジカル源及び分子線エピタキシー装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015125493A1 WO2015125493A1 PCT/JP2015/000864 JP2015000864W WO2015125493A1 WO 2015125493 A1 WO2015125493 A1 WO 2015125493A1 JP 2015000864 W JP2015000864 W JP 2015000864W WO 2015125493 A1 WO2015125493 A1 WO 2015125493A1
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- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32091—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being capacitively coupled to the plasma
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/321—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being inductively coupled to the plasma
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- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/321—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being inductively coupled to the plasma
- H01J37/3211—Antennas, e.g. particular shapes of coils
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- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32174—Circuits specially adapted for controlling the RF discharge
- H01J37/32183—Matching circuits
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- H01J37/3244—Gas supply means
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- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/32532—Electrodes
- H01J37/32568—Relative arrangement or disposition of electrodes; moving means
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- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3266—Magnetic control means
- H01J37/32669—Particular magnets or magnet arrangements for controlling the discharge
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/30—Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/4645—Radiofrequency discharges
- H05H1/4652—Radiofrequency discharges using inductive coupling means, e.g. coils
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- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/327—Arrangements for generating the plasma
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- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/332—Coating
- H01J2237/3321—CVD [Chemical Vapor Deposition]
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- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/332—Coating
- H01J2237/3322—Problems associated with coating
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/4645—Radiofrequency discharges
- H05H1/466—Radiofrequency discharges using capacitive coupling means, e.g. electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radical source that generates high-density radicals and a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) apparatus using the radical source.
- the present invention relates to a radical source that generates radicals by introducing CCP plasma into ICP plasma, and an MBE apparatus that uses the radical source and has a high deposition rate.
- a technique for growing a semiconductor crystal such as a group III group nitride semiconductor by molecular beam epitaxy is known.
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- the Group III element is a solid metal, it is usually put into a crucible made of PBN (Pyrolytic Boron Nitride) and heated to generate atomic vapor.
- PBN Pyrolytic Boron Nitride
- nitrogen is a gas
- atomic vapor is usually generated by a method such as a method for decomposing nitrogen molecular gas or a method for decomposing ammonia gas.
- a nitrogen radical source using inductively coupled plasma generated by applying high-frequency power to a coiled electrode is used.
- a nitrogen radical source using inductively coupled plasma generated by applying high-frequency power to a coiled electrode.
- Patent Document 1 As a radical source capable of generating high-density radicals, and an apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2 as an MBE apparatus.
- the radical source described in Patent Document 1 is located on the outer wall of the plasma generation tube, which is made of a dielectric material connected to the supply tube on the downstream side of the supply tube for supplying gas, and is induced inside the plasma generation tube.
- a coil for generating coupled plasma and an outer wall of the plasma generation tube which is located closer to the supply tube than the coil, and generates capacitively coupled plasma inside the plasma generation tube to generate capacitively coupled plasma in the inductively coupled plasma And an electrode that introduces.
- high-density plasma having high energy can be generated by injecting plasma having high energy generated by capacitive coupling into high-density plasma generated by inductive coupling.
- the radical source of Patent Document 1 has a region where a capacitively coupled plasma is generated at a position away from the opening from which radicals are released, so that it collides with the tube wall of the plasma generation tube before reaching the opening.
- energy is reduced due to collision between plasmas, and energy and density of the radicals to be released are reduced.
- a radical source capable of generating a higher density radical has been demanded.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a radical source having higher internal energy and capable of generating high-density radicals.
- the present invention relates to a supply pipe for supplying a gas, a plasma generation pipe made of a dielectric material connected to the supply pipe on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and an inductively coupled plasma located on the outer wall of the plasma generation pipe.
- the outer wall of the plasma generation tube which is located closer to the supply tube than the coil, and generates the first capacitively coupled plasma inside the plasma generation tube to generate the first inductively coupled plasma.
- a second electrode for introducing the second capacitively coupled plasma into the first capacitively coupled plasma and the inductively coupled plasma that flow through the second capacitive source.
- the opening for releasing plasma (radical) of the plasma generating tube has a tapered portion whose diameter increases toward the downstream, and the second electrode is disposed on the outer wall of the tapered portion.
- the high frequency power source for generating the high frequency power and the function of distributing the high frequency power output from the high frequency power source to the first electrode, the coil, and the second electrode and taking impedance matching with the high frequency power source are provided.
- a power supply device having a distributor having an impedance matching unit and a control device that variably controls the power distributed to the first electrode, the coil, and the second electrode by the distributor according to an external command can be provided.
- the density ratio of the first capacitively coupled plasma, the inductively coupled plasma, and the second capacitively coupled plasma can be adjusted, and the density of plasma emitted from the opening and the density of radicals output from this apparatus , Energy and can be controlled properly.
- the connecting portion between the supply tube and the plasma generation tube has a coupling tube inserted from the opening of the supply tube and continuously extending from the bottom of the plasma generation tube, and the supply tube is a conductor. It is desirable. Further, it is made of a dielectric material, and has a parasitic plasma prevention tube that is an opening of the supply tube and is inserted on the connection side of the supply tube and the plasma generation tube and covers the inner wall of the supply tube, and the supply tube may be a conductor. .
- a desired type of gas such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia, water, fluorocarbon, hydrocarbon, silane, or germane can be supplied.
- gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia, water, fluorocarbon, hydrocarbon, silane, or germane
- radicals generated using nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and ammonia are particularly useful.
- it may be diluted with a rare gas such as argon.
- the coupling tube or the parasitic plasma prevention tube prevents parasitic plasma from being generated between the electrode and the inner wall of the supply tube, thereby causing a decrease in radical density.
- Ceramics such as BN, PBN, Al 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 can be used as the material for the plasma generation tube and the coupling tube continuous thereto or the parasitic plasma prevention tube.
- the inner diameter of the region where the first capacitively coupled plasma is generated, the inner diameter of the region where the inductively coupled plasma is generated, and the inner diameter of the region where the second capacitively coupled plasma is generated are different from each other. Or may be the same.
- the first capacitively-coupled plasma or the second capacitor is disposed along the outer periphery of the plasma generation tube in the region where the first capacitively-coupled plasma or the second capacitively-coupled plasma is generated. It is desirable to further have a plurality of permanent magnets for unevenly distributing the coupled plasma.
- the permanent magnet preferably has a high Curie temperature from the viewpoint of preventing demagnetization.
- an SmCo magnet or an AlNiCo magnet can be used.
- an electromagnet for passing a current may be used, or an electromagnet may be provided in addition to the permanent magnet.
- the first electrode and the second electrode have a hollow portion for refluxing water therein.
- the first electrode and the second electrode can be cooled, and high-energy capacitively coupled plasma can be stably generated.
- the permanent magnet or the electromagnet is preferably disposed inside the electrode so as to be exposed to the hollow portion.
- the first electrode or the second electrode is preferably cylindrical.
- nitrogen radicals can be generated by using nitrogen as the gas supplied from the supply pipe.
- Another invention is a molecular beam epitaxy apparatus having the above radical source. Thereby, it can be set as the molecular beam epitaxy apparatus which has the radical source which generates a high energy and high density radical.
- the radical to be supplied is a nitrogen radical
- a molecular beam epitaxy apparatus in which the deposition rate of the group III nitride semiconductor is improved can be obtained.
- the first electrode, the coil, and the second electrode are disposed along the gas flow direction, the first capacitively coupled plasma in the direction of the gas flow inside the plasma generation tube, An inductively coupled plasma and a second capacitively coupled plasma are generated.
- the high energy first capacitively coupled plasma is injected into the high density inductively coupled plasma, where the plasma density is further improved in that region, but as the plasma is directed toward the opening, it is also the opening when it is emitted.
- the density of the plasma having high energy decreases due to the collision of the portion with the wall surface.
- the radicals released from the opening of the radical source device Becomes high energy and high density.
- an apparatus capable of supplying nitrogen radicals with an improved film formation rate of a III-group nitride semiconductor can be realized.
- the second electrode when the second electrode is disposed on the outer wall of the tapered portion with the opening that discharges the plasma of the plasma generation tube as a tapered portion whose diameter increases toward the downstream side, higher energy and higher density Plasma can be obtained, and the beam diameter of the plasma can be enlarged.
- radicals emitted from the opening of the plasma source device can be made high-energy and high-density, and further the beam diameter of the radicals can be expanded.
- the molecular beam epitaxy device using the radical source of the present invention is capable of film formation. Large area and high speed can be realized.
- the apparatus can emit high energy and high density radicals.
- the first capacitively coupled plasma or the second capacitively coupled plasma is contracted in the central portion of the plasma generating tube and is unevenly distributed.
- the first capacitively coupled plasma can be efficiently introduced into the inductively coupled plasma, and the energy and density of the plasma at the center of the plasma radiated to the outside can be improved. That is, it is possible to compensate for a decrease in the density of the inductively coupled plasma in the central portion of the plasma generation tube when a high gas pressure is used to increase the radical flux density. Therefore, higher density radicals can be generated.
- there are many high-energy electrons in capacitively-coupled plasma which are injected into inductively-coupled plasma, so that the resolution of gas molecules to atoms can be improved and high internal energy is given to atomic radicals. Can be granted.
- first electrode and the second electrode are hollow portions in which water circulates, the temperature rise of the first electrode and the second electrode can be suppressed.
- a magnet can be directly immersed in water and can be cooled. Therefore, demagnetization of the magnet can be suppressed, and high-density radical generation can be sustained for a long time.
- the radical source of the present invention can generate nitrogen radicals with high density.
- the resolution of nitrogen molecules to nitrogen atoms is high, and the internal energy of nitrogen atoms can be increased.
- Such a nitrogen atom radical having a high internal energy is very useful because it can reduce the growth temperature during crystal growth of a nitride such as a III-group nitride semiconductor.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the axial direction showing the configuration of the radical source of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. The block diagram of a power supply device. Sectional drawing parallel to the axial direction which showed the structure of the radical source of Example 2.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an MBE apparatus according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the axial direction showing the configuration of the radical source of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- the radical source of Example 1 includes a metal casing 18, a metal end face plate 21 provided on the end face of the casing 18, a supply pipe 10 made of SUS, and a supply pipe.
- 10 has a cylindrical plasma generation tube 11 made of pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN) connected to 10.
- An opening 22 for outputting radicals is formed at the center of the end face plate 21.
- the inner diameter of the plasma generation tube 11 is 72 mm and the length is 145 mm.
- An orifice plate 19 having a large number of holes 20 having a diameter of 0.2 mm is disposed in the opening of the plasma generation tube 11 opposite to the connection side with the supply tube 10.
- a double-cylindrical first CCP electrode 13 (first electrode) is disposed outside the plasma generation tube 11 and in the vicinity of the connection portion between the supply tube 10 and the plasma generation tube 11.
- the first CCP electrode 13 has a hollow portion 13a surrounded by a double cylindrical wall.
- a water supply pipe 16 and a drain pipe 17 are connected to the first CCP electrode 13, and the hollow portion 13 a of the first CCP electrode 13 and the pipes of the water supply pipe 16 and the drain pipe 17 are continuous. Cooling water is introduced from the water supply pipe 16 to the hollow portion 13a of the first CCP electrode 13, and the cooling water is circulated uniformly and uniformly in the hollow portion 13a, and the cooling water is discharged from the drain pipe 17.
- the first CCP electrode 13 can be cooled by refluxing the cooling water.
- the first CCP electrode 13, the water supply pipe 16, and the drain pipe 17 are all made of SUS.
- the permanent magnet 14 is made of SmCo. Each permanent magnet 14 is magnetized in the normal direction (magnet thickness direction) toward the central axis of the cylinder, and the surface close to the plasma generating tube 11 is magnetized to the N pole or the S pole. . And between the adjacent permanent magnets 14, the magnetic poles on the surface (inner surface) on the side close to the plasma generation tube 11 are different. Therefore, the inner surface of the permanent magnet 14 is alternately magnetized along the circumferential direction like N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole,. Further, these permanent magnets 14 are exposed in the hollow portion 13 a of the first CCP electrode 13.
- the permanent magnet 14 when cooling water is recirculated through the hollow portion 13a of the first CCP electrode 13 to cool the first CCP electrode 13, the permanent magnet 14 is in direct contact with the cooling water. Thereby, the temperature rise of the permanent magnet 14 by the heating of the 1st CCP electrode 13 can be suppressed efficiently.
- the coil 12 is formed by winding a hollow copper tube three and a half times, and has a structure in which cooling water can be cooled through the copper tube.
- Silver is plated on the outside of the copper tube, and the outer skin of the copper tube constitutes a feed line.
- a double-cylindrical second CCP electrode 30 (second electrode) is disposed on the downstream side of the coil 12 and outside the plasma generation tube 11 near the orifice plate 19. Similar to the first CCP electrode 13, the second CCP electrode 30 has a hollow portion 30a inside the double cylindrical wall. Further, a water supply pipe 31 and a drain pipe 32 are connected to the second CCP electrode 30, and the hollow portion 30 a of the second CCP electrode 30 and the pipes of the water supply pipe 31 and the drain pipe 32 are continuous. Cooling water is introduced into the hollow portion 30a of the second CCP electrode 30 from the water supply pipe 31, and the cooling water is circulated uniformly and uniformly inside the hollow portion 30a to discharge the cooling water from the drain pipe 32, thereby cooling the water. The second CCP electrode 30 can be cooled by refluxing water.
- the second CCP electrode 30, the water supply pipe 31, and the drain pipe 32 are all made of SUS.
- twelve permanent magnets 33 are arranged at equal intervals along the outer periphery of the plasma generation tube 11 inside the second CCP electrode 30.
- the permanent magnet 33 is made of SmCo, and the arrangement of the permanent magnet 33 with respect to the magnetization direction and the magnetic pole is the same as the arrangement of the permanent magnet 14. Further, these permanent magnets 33 are exposed in the hollow portion 30 a of the second CCP electrode 30. Therefore, when cooling water is recirculated to the hollow portion 30a of the second CCP electrode 30 to cool the second CCP electrode 30, the permanent magnet 33 is in direct contact with the cooling water. Thereby, the temperature rise of the permanent magnet 33 due to the heating of the second CCP electrode 30 can be efficiently suppressed.
- the first CCP electrode 13 is fed by the outer skin of the water supply pipe 16 and the drainage pipe 17 connected thereto, and the second CCP electrode 30 is fed by the outer skin of the water supply pipe 31 and the drainage pipe 32 connected thereto.
- the supply pipe 10, the casing 18, and the end face plate 21 are at the same potential and are grounded.
- One end of the coil 12 is grounded via a capacitor (100 to 200 pF). Thereby, plasma can be generated stably, and the density of radicals emitted from the apparatus can be stably maintained high.
- the water supply pipe 16 and the drain pipe 17, the water supply pipe 31 and the drain pipe 32 are both power supply lines (live lines) for applying a voltage, and the earth line is the plasma generated in the plasma generation pipe 11 and the housing.
- first CCP electrode 13 and the second CCP electrode 30 surround the outer wall of the plasma generation tube 11 in a ring shape, a radial AC electric field is generated with respect to the central axis (gas flow direction) of the plasma generation tube 11. And an alternating magnetic field is generated concentrically perpendicular to the electric field.
- the coil 12 generates an AC magnetic field parallel to the central axis of the plasma generation tube 11 and generates an AC electric field concentrically perpendicular to the magnetic field.
- the first CCP electrode 13, the coil 12, and the second CCP electrode 30 are connected to a power supply device 60 (FIG. 3) that supplies high frequency power of 13.56 MHz.
- a power supply device 60 (FIG. 3) that supplies high frequency power of 13.56 MHz.
- inductively coupled plasma is generated in the region where the coil 12 is disposed on the outer periphery in the axial direction in the plasma generation tube 11.
- the first CCP electrode 13 and the second CCP electrode are arranged inside the plasma generation tube 11 and on the outer periphery in the axial direction.
- the first capacitively-coupled plasma and the second capacitively-coupled plasma are respectively generated in the region where 30 is disposed.
- the power supply device 60 has a function of distributing power to an RF oscillator (high frequency power source) 50 and impedance matching between the RF oscillator (high frequency power source) 50 and a distribution output terminal. It comprises a distributor 51 having an impedance matching unit 510 and regulators (control devices) 52a, 52b, and 52c that can adjust the intensity of each of the three distributed powers from the outside.
- the output of the adjuster 52 a is connected to the first CCP electrode 13
- the output of the adjuster 52 a is connected to the coil 12
- the output of the adjuster 52 c is connected to the second CCP electrode 30.
- the regulators 52a, 52b, and 52c can independently control the energy and generation density of the first capacitively coupled plasma, the inductively coupled plasma, and the second capacitively coupled plasma. Radiation can be emitted.
- a thin coupling tube 23 extends continuously from the bottom of the plasma generation tube 11, and a ring-shaped coupling member 24 provided outside the coupling tube 23. It is joined to the supply pipe 10.
- the inner diameter of the tip of the coupling tube 23 on the supply tube 10 side is 4 mm.
- the length of the coupling tube 23 is 88 mm, and the presence of the coupling tube 23 increases the distance between the first CCP electrode 13 and the inner wall of the supply tube 10, thereby preventing generation of parasitic plasma between them. In order to effectively prevent the parasitic plasma, it is desirable that the length of the coupling tube 23 is 10 times or more the inner diameter of the supply tube 10.
- the coupling tube 23 is not continuous from the bottom of the plasma generation tube 11, but has a similar shape and size as the coupling tube 23, and is a parasitic plasma prevention tube made of a dielectric separate from the plasma generation tube 11.
- the bottom of the plasma generation tube 11 and the supply tube 10 may be connected.
- These plasma generation tube 11, coil 12, first CCP electrode 13, and second CCP electrode 30 are housed in a cylindrical housing 18.
- the casing 18 is connected to an end face plate 21 having an opening 22 in the center on the radical irradiation side. In the vicinity of the opening 22, an electrode for removing ions or a magnet (both not shown) may be arranged.
- the radical source according to the first embodiment supplies a gas from the supply pipe 10 into the plasma generation tube 11 and applies high-frequency power to the coil 12, the first CCP electrode 13, and the second CCP electrode 30 to enter the plasma generation tube 11.
- An inductively coupled plasma, a first capacitively coupled plasma, and a second capacitively bonded plasma are generated, respectively, and the first capacitively coupled plasma is injected into the inductively coupled plasma.
- the combined plasma is further injected into the plasma.
- the coupling tube 23 that extends thinly from the bottom of the plasma generation tube 11 enters the supply tube 10, it is between the first CCP electrode 13 and the inner wall of the supply tube 10. It is possible to prevent parasitic plasma from being generated inside the supply tube 10 due to the discharge.
- the first capacitively coupled plasma is generated only inside the plasma generation tube 11, and the plasma density of the first capacitively coupled plasma is improved. Therefore, the density of generated radicals is also improved.
- the first capacitively coupled plasma and the second capacitively coupled plasma are contracted and unevenly distributed in the central portion of the plasma generation tube 11 by the capsule magnetic field generated by the twelve permanent magnets 14 and 33. That is, a magnetic flux is formed from the N pole on the inner surface of one permanent magnet 14 or the permanent magnet 33 toward the S pole on the inner surface of the permanent magnet 14 or the permanent magnet 33 located on both sides. As a result, arc-shaped magnetic fluxes with intervals of 60 degrees are formed, and the plasma is rejected by the magnetic fluxes, contracted toward the central axis side of the plasma generation tube 11 and unevenly distributed.
- the inductively coupled plasma is normally in a lobe light mode rather than a hibright mode.
- the hi-bright mode is a state in which plasma is formed at the center of the plasma generation tube 11 and is a state in which the radical density increases toward the center axis.
- the lobe light mode is a state in which the plasma shape is formed along the inner wall of the plasma generation tube 11 and the plasma density decreases toward the central axis, and the radical density is low as a whole and the output radical density is low. is there.
- the plasma shape of the lobe light mode is changed, and the decrease in the plasma density in the center is compensated.
- the plasma density at the center is improved, and a very high radical density can be realized as compared with the case where only inductively coupled plasma is generated.
- the high energy electrons present in the first capacitively coupled plasma increase the resolution from gas molecules to atoms, and improve the internal energy of the generated atomic radicals.
- the second CCP electrode 30 is disposed near the orifice plate 19, and the second capacitively coupled plasma is generated in the region where the second CCP electrode 30 is disposed in the axial direction inside the plasma generation tube 11. Generated. Thereby, in the process in which the mixed plasma of the first capacitively coupled plasma and the inductively coupled plasma flows to the vicinity of the orifice plate 19, the energy and density of the plasma decrease. A second capacitively coupled plasma in a high-bright mode in which the radical density is increased can be injected into the plasma. As a result, the radicals output from the orifice plate 19 can have a high internal energy and a high density. Such a high-density atomic radical having a high internal energy is very useful because, for example, it can reduce the growth temperature when used as an element for crystal growth.
- the permanent magnets 14 and 33 can be directly cooled by refluxing the cooling water to the hollow portions 13a and 30a of the first CCP electrode 13 and the second CCP electrode 30, respectively.
- the demagnetization of the permanent magnets 14 and 33 can be effectively prevented. Therefore, the state in which the first capacitively coupled plasma and the second capacitively coupled plasma are unevenly distributed in the central portion of the plasma generation tube 11 can be maintained for a long time. As a result, high energy and high density radicals can be maintained for a long time. Production can be maintained.
- the permanent magnets 14 and 33 do not necessarily exist, and only one of them may exist. Moreover, it may replace with an electromagnet and may add an electromagnet in addition to a permanent magnet.
- the radical source of Example 1 can produce
- a gas such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia, water, fluorocarbon, hydrocarbon, silane, or germane can be supplied, and a desired type of radical can be obtained from these gases.
- radicals generated using nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and ammonia are useful.
- the gas when the gas is supplied through the supply pipe 10, it may be diluted with a rare gas such as argon.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the axial direction of the radical source according to the second embodiment.
- the difference from the radical source of Example 1 is that the diameter of the plasma generation tube 11 increases near the orifice plate 19 along the axis near the opening of the plasma generation tube 11. That is, in the vicinity of the opening, the plasma generation tube 11 extends in a tapered shape toward the orifice plate 19.
- the plasma bundle near the central axis where the second capacitively coupled plasma is converged can be expanded in a tapered shape.
- the inclination angle of the taper is preferably 15 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less.
- the permanent magnets 14 and 33 are not necessarily present, and only one of them may be present. Moreover, it may replace with an electromagnet and may add an electromagnet in addition to a permanent magnet.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the MBE apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- the MBE apparatus according to the third embodiment is provided in the inside of the vacuum vessel 1 that is held in an ultra-vacuum of about 10 ⁇ 8 Pa, and holds the substrate 3.
- a substrate stage 2 that can be rotated and heated, molecular beam cells 4A, 4B, and 4C that irradiate the surface of the substrate 3 with molecular beams (atomic beams), and a radical source 5 that supplies nitrogen radicals to the surface of the substrate 3. It is equipped with.
- the surface of the substrate 3 heated and held in an ultra vacuum is irradiated with group III metal atomic beams by molecular beam cells 4A, 4B, and 4C, and nitrogen radicals by a radical source 5.
- group III metal atomic beams by molecular beam cells 4A, 4B, and 4C
- nitrogen radicals by a radical source 5.
- the molecular beam cells 4A, 4B, and 4C each have a crucible for holding a group III metal material, a heater for heating the crucible, and a shutter, and heat the crucible to generate a vapor of group III metal to form an atomic beam.
- the atomic dose can be controlled by opening and closing the atomic beam with a shutter.
- the molecular beam cells 4A, 4B, and 4C generate atomic beams in which, for example, the molecular beam cell 4A is Ga, the molecular beam cell 4B is In, and the molecular beam cell 4C is Al.
- a molecular beam cell 4 for irradiating the substrate 3 with a molecular beam of an n-type impurity (for example, Si) or a p-type impurity (for example, Mg) may be provided.
- the radical source 5 is a radical source having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the first embodiment or a radical source having a structure shown in FIG. 4 of the second embodiment.
- nitrogen gas is supplied from the supply pipe 10 to the plasma generation pipe 11. Then, the nitrogen gas is decomposed in the plasma generation tube 11.
- the first capacitively coupled plasma and the second capacitively coupled plasma are generated in the central portion of the plasma generation tube 11 by the capsulated magnetic field generated by the 12 permanent magnets 14 and the 12 permanent magnets 33. It shrinks and is unevenly distributed.
- the inductively coupled plasma is in a lobe light mode, and the radical density at the center is low.
- the plasma shape of the lobe light mode is changed, and the decrease in the plasma density in the central portion is compensated.
- the second capacitively coupled plasma is generated in the vicinity of the opening of the plasma generation tube 11, high-energy plasma is supplied.
- the high energy electrons present in the first capacitively coupled plasma and the second capacitively coupled plasma increase the resolution of the nitrogen gas from molecules to atoms, and improve the internal energy of the generated atomic radicals. To do.
- the MBE apparatus of Example 3 includes the radical source 5 having a high density of nitrogen radicals generated as described above, the deposition rate of the III-group nitride semiconductor is improved as compared with the conventional MBE apparatus. Yes.
- nitrogen radicals having high internal energy can be irradiated, the surface migration function of nitrogen on the crystal surface can be enhanced. That is, the probability that the nitrogen element sufficiently moves on the crystal surface and reaches the growth site is improved, so that the crystallinity and the steepness of the interlayer interface can be improved.
- the temperature of the substrate 3 can be reduced, thereby further improving the crystallinity.
- the radical source 5 can generate nitrogen radicals over a long period of time, the film formation of the III-group nitride semiconductor can be performed stably for a long period of time.
- the radical source of the present invention can be used, for example, as a nitrogen radical source such as a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) apparatus, and can be used to form nitrides such as III-group nitride semiconductors.
- the radical source of the present invention has various applications such as substrate cleaning by radical irradiation and substrate surface treatment.
- Vacuum container 2 Substrate stage 3: Substrate 4A, 4B, 4C: Molecular beam cell 10: Supply pipe 11: Plasma generation pipe 12: Coil 13: First CCP electrode 14: Permanent magnet 16: Water supply pipe 17: Drain pipe 18 : Housing 19: Orifice plate 20: Hole 21: End plate 22: Opening 23: Coupling tube 30: Second CCP electrode
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明において、高周波電力を生成する高周波電源と、高周波電源の出力する高周波電力を、第1電極、コイル、第2電極へ分配し、且つ高周波電源に対してインピーダンス整合を取る機能を有するインピーダンス整合部を有する分配器と、分配器による第1電極、コイル、第2電極への分配電力を、外部指令により可変制御する制御装置とを有した電源装置を設けることができる。これにより、第1の容量結合プラズマ、誘導結合プラズマ、第2の容量結合プラズマの密度比を調整することができ、開口部から放出されるプラズマの密度、本装置から出力されるラジカルの密度と、エネルギーとを適正に制御することができる。
結合管又は寄生プラズマ防止管は、電極と供給管内壁との間で寄生プラズマが生じてラジカル密度の低下を引き起こしてしまうのを防止するものである。プラズマ生成管及びそれに連続した結合管、又は、寄生プラズマ防止管の材料は、BN、PBN、Al2 O3 、SiO2 などのセラミックを用いることができる。
また、本発明において、永久磁石又は電磁石は、電極の内部であって、中空部に露出するよう配置されていることが望ましい。
また、本発明において、供給管により供給される気体を窒素とすることで、窒素ラジカルを生成することができる。
また、他の発明は、上記のラジカル源を有する分子線エピタキシー装置である。これにより、高エネルギー且つ高密度のラジカルを発生させるラジカル源を有した分子線エピタキシー装置とすることができる。特に、供給するラジカルを窒素ラジカルとすることで、III 族窒化物半導体の成膜速度を向上させた分子線エピタキシー装置とすることができる。
なお、永久磁石14、33は、必ずしも存在しなくとも良いし、何れか1方のみ存在するようにしても良い。また、電磁石に代えても良いし、永久磁石に追加して電磁石を設けても良い。
2:基板ステージ
3:基板
4A、4B、4C:分子線セル
10:供給管
11:プラズマ生成管
12:コイル
13:第1CCP電極
14:永久磁石
16:給水管
17:排水管
18:筐体
19:オリフィス板
20:孔
21:端面板
22:開口
23:結合管
30:第2CCP電極
Claims (10)
- 気体を供給する供給管と、
前記供給管の下流側において前記供給管と接続する誘電体からなるプラズマ生成管と、
前記プラズマ生成管の外壁に位置し、前記プラズマ生成管の内部に誘導結合プラズマを発生させるコイルと、
前記プラズマ生成管の外壁であって、前記コイルよりも前記供給管に近い側に位置し、前記プラズマ生成管の内部に第1の容量結合プラズマを発生させて誘導結合プラズマ中に第1の容量結合プラズマを導入する第1電極と、
前記プラズマ生成管の外壁であって、前記コイルよりも下流側に位置し、前記プラズマ生成管の内部に第2の容量結合プラズマを発生させて、下流に向かって流れる前記第1の容量結合プラズマ及び前記誘導結合プラズマ中に、第2の容量結合プラズマを導入する第2電極と
を有することを特徴とするラジカル源。 - 前記プラズマ生成管のプラズマを放出する開口部は下流に向かって径が拡大したテーパ部を有し、このテーパ部の外壁に前記第2電極が配設されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のラジカル源。
- 高周波電力を生成する高周波電源と、
前記高周波電源の出力する前記高周波電力を、前記第1電極、前記コイル、前記第2電極へ分配し、且つ前記高周波電源に対してインピーダンス整合を取る機能を有するインピーダンス整合部を有する分配器と、
前記分配器による前記第1電極、前記コイル、前記第2電極への分配電力を、外部指令により可変制御する制御装置と
を有した電源装置を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のラジカル源。 - 前記供給管と前記プラズマ生成管との接続部において、前記供給管の開口から挿入された、前記プラズマ生成管の底部から連続して伸びた結合管を有し、
前記供給管は導体から成る
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3の何れか1項に記載のラジカル源。 - 前記第1の容量結合プラズマ又は前記第2の容量結合プラズマを発生する領域の前記プラズマ生成管外周に沿って配置され、前記プラズマ生成管の中心部に前記第1の容量結合プラズマ又は前記第2の容量結合プラズマを偏在させる複数の永久磁石をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4の何れか1項に記載のラジカル源。
- 前記第1電極及び前記第2電極は、その内部で水を還流させる中空部を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5の何れか1項に記載のラジカル源。
- 前記永久磁石は、前記電極の内部であって、前記中空部に露出するよう配置されている、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のラジカル源。
- 前記第1電極又は第2電極は、円筒形状であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7の何れか1項に記載のラジカル源。
- 前記供給管により供給される前記気体は窒素であり、窒素ラジカルを生成することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8の何れか1項に記載のラジカル源。
- 請求項1乃至請求項9の何れか1項に記載のラジカル源を有する分子線エピタキシー装置。
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