WO2015110272A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer batterie, insbesondere einer lithium ionen batterie, in einem verbraucher - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer batterie, insbesondere einer lithium ionen batterie, in einem verbraucher Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015110272A1 WO2015110272A1 PCT/EP2015/050008 EP2015050008W WO2015110272A1 WO 2015110272 A1 WO2015110272 A1 WO 2015110272A1 EP 2015050008 W EP2015050008 W EP 2015050008W WO 2015110272 A1 WO2015110272 A1 WO 2015110272A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/12—Bikes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/12—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
- B60L2260/22—Standstill, e.g. zero speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
- B60Y2200/13—Bicycles; Tricycles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the
- Rechargeable batteries especially lithium-ion batteries
- lithium-ion batteries are used in a variety of products as energy storage.
- Currently available lithium-ion batteries are critical in terms of safety. In the event of an accident, the battery can burn, emit toxic gases and dusts and even explode.
- the thermal burn-through in lithium-ion batteries is mainly due to the accelerated oxidation of an organic electrolyte (often organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), etc.) at high temperatures.
- organic electrolyte often organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), etc.
- Oxygen release of the metal-oxide cathode material which generates a combustible mixture with the organics of the electrolyte.
- Instabilities are mainly LiCo0 2 and LiNi0 2 known.
- NCA Ni-Co-Al based
- Batteries which are based on the cathode side NCA, are often used for high-performance applications, such as e-bikes. Indeed for example, NCA based batteries are more safety critical than other oxidic cathode based batteries.
- NCA is a relatively unstable structure and can release oxygen at elevated temperatures. This reacts violently with the organic
- thermo runaway Electrolytes and leads to a thermal burnout (so-called “thermal runaway”) which in turn can lead to a fire or explosion.
- the inventive method for operating a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, in a consumer comprises determining at least one operating parameter which describes the state of the battery or the consumer, comparing the at least one determined operating parameter, each with a reference value to detect if a predefined condition exists and to discharge the battery until the
- the inventive device for operating a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, in a consumer comprises a
- Determination unit which is set up to determine at least one operating parameter which describes the state of the battery or the consumer, an evaluation unit which is set up to compare the at least one operating parameter with a respective reference value in order to detect whether a predefined state exists , and a discharge unit configured to discharge the battery when it is detected that such a defined state is present until the state of charge of the battery is below a given critical state of charge of the battery, wherein when discharging the battery
- Energy storage is charged by a discharge current of the battery.
- the energy storage is an additional battery.
- the additional battery has a smaller one
- the consumer is a vehicle
- one of the operating parameters is a speed of the vehicle
- the predefined condition is when there is no movement of the vehicle.
- one of the operating parameters is a sensor signal indicating whether a standing aid of the vehicle is unfolded, and the predefined state is present when the
- the simplest sensor means e.g., a switch
- a switch may be used for
- Determining the operating parameter can be used and thus both a cost advantage and a weight advantage can be achieved. It is equally advantageous if one of the operating parameters is a temperature of the battery, and the predefined state is present when the temperature of the battery is above a predetermined temperature threshold. Thereby, a critical state of the battery can be recognized with high reliability.
- the given critical state of charge of the battery is in particular between
- the energy stored in the energy store is used to charge the battery when the defined state is no longer present. This ensures that the safety is increased with minimal energy loss and the total stored energy of the battery for the
- the predefined state is determined as present only if at least one of the operating parameters of the battery and / or the consumer is present over a predetermined time interval. This reduces losses due to unnecessary discharging and charging of the battery when a condition occurs only briefly or accidentally.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing the result of a DDK measurement of
- Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for operating a
- FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of a method for operating a
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the electrical components of an electric bicycle with a device for operating a battery.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the result of a DDK measurement, that is, differential scanning calorimetry, an NCA cathode (Ni-Co-Al based) with a suitable electrolyte in a battery.
- NCA cathode material
- FIG. 1 shows the result of a test series in which charged NCA was investigated in the presence of a commercial electrolyte (1 M LiPF 6 in EC / DMC, 1: 1 w / w) for lithium-ion batteries by means of DKK analysis.
- the state of charge of the cathode material was varied.
- a complete commercial battery was brought by means of a charging system to different states of charge.
- the cathode material was recovered by opening the battery under a protective gas atmosphere. It can be seen from FIG. 1 (top right) that the relatively released energy changes only insignificantly for the different states of charge examined (SOC). Nevertheless, the released energy is compared to other commercially used
- Cathode materials (eg LiCo0 2 ) very high.
- SOC states of charge
- a first graph A shown by a solid line shows the behavior of the NCA in a state of charge of the battery of 40% (SOC 40%) of the maximum possible state of charge.
- a second graph B shown by a broken line shows the behavior of the NCA in a state of charge of the battery of 80% (SOC 80%) of the maximum possible state of charge.
- a third graph C represented by a dashed-dotted line shows the behavior of the NCA in a state of charge of the battery of 90% (SOC 90%) of the maximum possible state of charge.
- a fourth graph D represented by a dash-dot-dot line shows the behavior of the NCA in a maximum possible state of charge (SOC 100%).
- SOC 100% maximum possible state of charge
- Each graph A, B, C, D respectively shows the energy delivered by the NCA over a temperature range of about 80 degrees to about 400 degrees.
- Figure 1 shows that there is a significant change in the course of the exothermic DKK curve below SOC 90%. This indicates a slowed kinetics. Not only the absolute energy (in [J]) or relative (in [J / kg]) is important for the safety of an electrode material and the complete battery built up from it. Similarly, the performance or kinetics with which this is released in an accident. At higher states of charge (> SOC 90%), the time to thermal burn-through is significantly shortened, while at charge states less than or equal to a critical state of charge SOC kri t the kinetics of the exothermic reaction is greatly slowed, as from the graphs A and B for a SOC ⁇ 80% can be seen.
- the critical state of charge SOC kr i t denotes the maximum SOC threshold at which a similar sharp drop of the energy released per time in DKK as a SOC ⁇ 80% was observed, so a slow reaction kinetics is found.
- the critical state of charge SOCcrit is in the range:
- Cathode material and the electrolyte can vary.
- Figure 2 shows a flow diagram of a method for operating a battery in a consumer in a first preferred inventive
- the consumer is in this first embodiment, an electric bicycle and the battery is a lithium-ion battery 1.
- the process is started once and is carried out as long as the lithium-ion battery 1 is connected to the consumer, so the electric bicycle.
- a first method step S10 is carried out.
- At least one operating parameter is determined which describes the state of the lithium-ion battery 1 or of the consumer.
- a first embodiment a first operating parameter which describes the state of the lithium-ion battery 1 or of the consumer.
- This operating parameter is a switching state of a switch arranged on a bicycle stand of the electric bicycle, by which the position of the
- Bicycle stand is determined.
- An unfolded bicycle stand describes a first state in which the bicycle is not in use, so parked. In this first state, the switch is in a first position and outputs a sensor value of "1."
- a retracted bicycle stand describes a second state in which the bicycle is in use In this second state, the switch is in a second position and outputs one Sensor value "0" off.
- a second method step S20 is executed.
- the at least one determined operating parameter is compared with a respective reference value in order to detect whether a predefined state exists.
- the predefined state is the first state here.
- the reference value for the switch is "1" and thus is the value that describes the switch in the first position and the switch
- Bicycle stand is thus unfolded.
- the reference value for the switch is compared with the sensor value output from the switch. Is the
- Reference value here "1" is equal to the sensor value, then the predefined state is present and a third method step S30 is executed If the reference value (here "1") is not equal to the sensor value, then the predefined state is not present and the method branches back to the first method step S10. In other words, the first method step S10 and the second
- Process step S20 carried out until the bike is not in use, so parked. Only then is the third method step S30 executed.
- the battery is discharged until the state of charge of the battery is below a given critical state of charge SOC kr it of the lithium-ion battery 1.
- the third method step S30 comprises a
- State of charge evaluation S31 In the state of charge evaluation S31, it is judged whether the state of charge of the
- a current state of charge SOCa k t of the lithium-ion battery 1 is first interrogated. This value could for example be obtained from a battery control of the lithium-ion battery 1.
- the current state of charge SOC ak t of the lithium-ion battery 1 is compared with the critical state of charge SOC kr it. If the current state of charge SOCa k t is less than or equal to the critical state of charge SOC kr it, the process branches
- the lithium-ion battery 1 is discharged and the energy released by discharging the lithium-ion battery 1 is used to charge an energy storage.
- the energy storage is an additional battery 9, which has a maximum of 30% of the capacity of the lithium-ion battery 1, since this only a part of the
- the energy transfer 32 is limited to a predetermined period of time. After this time has elapsed, the method branches back to the first method step S10. If the current state of charge of the battery SOC ak t t not yet be below the critical state of charge SOC kr it, so there is a new energy transfer 32, if the method for a repeating execution of the first method step S10, the second
- Process step S20 and the state of charge assessment S31 opens again in the energy transfer S32.
- the energy store is an additional consumer configured to store energy for the operation of the additional consumer.
- the energy storage is a display module, which is mounted on the handlebars of the electric bicycle. This ad module includes one
- Storage unit for storing energy such as another
- This storage unit is charged via the battery and at the same time a certain amount of energy is used to operate the display module. It is particularly advantageous if
- FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a method for operating a battery in a consumer in a second preferred embodiment according to the invention
- Embodiment. corresponds to the first
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the method does not jump back directly to the first step S10 if the predefined state is not present, but a fourth step S40 is performed before the first step S10 is executed again.
- a fourth step S40 is performed before the first step S10 is executed again.
- Step S40 the lithium-ion battery 1 by in the
- Method corresponds to the first or the second preferred
- a current speed of the electric bicycle which is determined by a speed sensor, or is obtained from a speedometer.
- the reference value is a reference speed of the electric bicycle. This reference speed is a speed of 0 km / h. If the current one
- Speed of the electric bicycle corresponds to the reference speed
- the predefined state is present and the third method step S30 is executed.
- the predefined state is present in this embodiment only if the operating parameter is present over a predetermined time interval, ie the speed of 0 km / h is measured over a period of 45 minutes, for example. This avoids discharging the lithium-ion battery during short pauses in standstill (e.g., a red light). If the current speed of the electric bicycle is not the
- Step S20 is carried out until the bicycle is over a period of 45 minutes. Only then is the third method step S30 executed.
- a second preferred alternative embodiment of the invention is carried out until the bicycle is over a period of 45 minutes. Only then is the third method step S30 executed.
- Method corresponds to the first or the second preferred
- step S10 the operating parameters determined a current temperature of the lithium-ion battery 1, by a temperature sensor or by another method for determining temperature, e.g. by means of a determination of the
- the reference value is a reference temperature. This reference temperature is a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. If the current temperature of the lithium-ion battery 1 exceeds the reference temperature, then the predefined state is present and the third method step S30 is carried out. If the current temperature of the lithium-ion battery 1 is less than or equal to the reference temperature, then the predefined state is not present and the method branches back to the first method step S10. In other words, be the first
- Process step S10 and the second process step S20 executed until the current temperature of the lithium-ion battery 1 above 60 degrees Celsius is. It is advantageous if the method is carried out only during operation of the electric bicycle.
- the lithium-ion battery 1 is monitored by a temperature sensor. Exceeds the
- the discharge current is stored in a specially defined battery (eg another lithium-ion battery) and returned if necessary.
- a specially defined battery eg another lithium-ion battery
- any predefined states can be detected by an appropriate selection of sensors.
- a state is defined either by a single sensor signal or by a predetermined combination of multiple sensor signals. In this case, each sensor signal can be compared with a respectively associated reference value. So could a predefined
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the electrical components of an electric bicycle with a device for operating a lithium-ion battery 1.
- the electric bicycle includes the lithium-ion battery 1.
- the two voltage poles of the lithium-ion battery 1 are each connected to a bus line of a DC bus 1 1, so that at this one
- a power electronics 5 is supplied with the battery voltage.
- the Power electronics 5 is connected to a motor 6 which is adapted to drive the electric bicycle.
- the power electronics 5 enables a control of the motor 6.
- the motor 6 comprises a torque sensor 7, which is coupled to a control unit 10 and transmits a torque of the motor 6 to the control unit 10.
- the electric bicycle comprises a determination unit 2 which is set up to determine at least one operating parameter which describes the state of the lithium-ion battery 1 or of the electric bicycle. This includes the
- Detecting unit 2 for example, a speed sensor 8 am
- Speed sensor 8 detected speed is converted by the control unit 10 into a control signal which is transmitted to the power electronics 5 to drive the motor 6 in accordance with the torque.
- the electric bicycle comprises the evaluation unit 3, which is set up to compare the at least one operating parameter with a respective reference value in order to detect whether a predefined state is present.
- the evaluation unit 3 is shown in the schematic
- the evaluation unit 3 compares the signals of the speed sensor 8 and detects that a predefined state is present when the signals of the speed sensor 8 indicate a speed of 0 km / h. If the predefined state was detected, a discharge signal is transmitted to a discharge unit 4. If the predefined state is not recognized, then a charging signal is transmitted to the unloading unit 4. Furthermore, the electric bicycle includes the discharge unit 4.
- the discharge unit 3 compares the signals of the speed sensor 8 and detects that a predefined state is present when the signals of the speed sensor 8 indicate a speed of 0 km / h. If the predefined state was detected, a discharge signal is transmitted to a discharge unit 4. If the predefined state is not recognized, then a charging signal is transmitted to the unloading unit 4. Furthermore, the electric bicycle includes the discharge unit 4.
- the discharge unit 3 compares the signals of the speed sensor 8 and detects that a predefined state is present when the signals of the speed sensor 8 indicate a speed of 0 km / h. If the predefined state was detected,
- the discharge unit 4 is coupled to the DC bus 1 1.
- an additional battery 9 is coupled as energy storage.
- the discharge unit 4 couples the additional battery 9 to the DC bus 11 so that the additional battery 9 is charged via the latter and thus from the lithium ion battery 1.
- Power supplied to DC bus 1 1 is either used to charge the lithium-ion battery 1 or any other consumer, e.g. used the motor 6.
- the device charges the lithium-ion battery 1 in a resting phase, eg overnight, only up to the critical state of charge SOC kr it.
- the remaining required capacity is kept in the energy storage, so the additional battery 9 for the case of need.
- the present invention has been described by way of example with reference to an electric bicycle.
- the inventive device or the inventive method can also be used in other battery-powered electrical
- Consumers are used, such. Electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, tools and in particular any type of portable or mobile consumer. This is possible in particular when the temperature of the battery is used to detect the predefined state.
- the device according to the invention can be integrated into a battery system, wherein the inventive method is controlled for example by a battery controller. It is advantageous if the predefined state is a state of the battery.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580001723.6A CN105492236B (zh) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-01-02 | 使负载中的电池、尤其是锂离子电池运行的方法和设备 |
US15/112,747 US10336209B2 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-01-02 | Method and device for operating a battery, in particular a lithium ion battery, in a consumer |
KR1020167012931A KR20160062192A (ko) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-01-02 | 컨슈머 내의 배터리, 특히 리튬 이온 배터리의 작동 방법 및 장치 |
JP2016534663A JP6273012B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-01-02 | 消費機器でバッテリ、特にリチウムイオンバッテリを駆動するための方法及び装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102014201054.3A DE102014201054A1 (de) | 2014-01-22 | 2014-01-22 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Batterie, insbesondere einer Lithium Ionen Batterie, in einem Verbraucher |
DE102014201054.3 | 2014-01-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2015110272A1 true WO2015110272A1 (de) | 2015-07-30 |
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PCT/EP2015/050008 WO2015110272A1 (de) | 2014-01-22 | 2015-01-02 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer batterie, insbesondere einer lithium ionen batterie, in einem verbraucher |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10336209B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6273012B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20160062192A (de) |
CN (1) | CN105492236B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014201054A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015110272A1 (de) |
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DE102017119705A1 (de) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-02-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energiespeichersystem mit einem in einen passiven Zustand schaltbaren Energiespeicher |
DE102017215249A1 (de) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Laden einer Batterie, Batteriemanagementsystem, System zum Laden einer Batterie, Energieverbraucher und Ladegerät |
US10862176B2 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2020-12-08 | Florida Power & Light Company | Portable rechargeable battery pack with a selectable battery switch and state of charge display for cordless power tools |
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2015
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- 2015-01-02 US US15/112,747 patent/US10336209B2/en active Active
- 2015-01-02 JP JP2016534663A patent/JP6273012B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2017500699A (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
US10336209B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
DE102014201054A1 (de) | 2015-07-23 |
CN105492236A (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
CN105492236B (zh) | 2017-07-11 |
JP6273012B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 |
US20160332530A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
KR20160062192A (ko) | 2016-06-01 |
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