WO2015103881A1 - 调速装置、动力传动系统和工程机械 - Google Patents

调速装置、动力传动系统和工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015103881A1
WO2015103881A1 PCT/CN2014/084726 CN2014084726W WO2015103881A1 WO 2015103881 A1 WO2015103881 A1 WO 2015103881A1 CN 2014084726 W CN2014084726 W CN 2014084726W WO 2015103881 A1 WO2015103881 A1 WO 2015103881A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydraulic motor
reduction box
speed
hydraulic
driven gear
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/084726
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林涛
李松庆
李小锋
Original Assignee
湖南三一路面机械有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南三一路面机械有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一路面机械有限公司
Publication of WO2015103881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015103881A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/10Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of fluid gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H47/00Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/76Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
    • E02F3/80Component parts
    • E02F3/84Drives or control devices therefor, e.g. hydraulic drive systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H47/00Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H2047/025Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the fluid gearing comprising a plurality of pumps or motors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of construction machinery, and more particularly to a power transmission system and a grader including the power transmission system. Background technique
  • Transmission route 1 prime mover-hydraulic torque converter-transmission-one transmission shaft-drive axle-balance box one wheel.
  • Transmission route 2 prime mover-transmission-one transmission shaft-drive axle-balance box one wheel.
  • Transmission route 3 prime mover-hydraulic pump-hydraulic motor-transmission-drive axle.
  • both the transmission route 1 and the transmission route 2 are gear shifting, that is, mechanical shifting.
  • Transmission route 3 is a gear shifting operation in which the prime mover drives a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump supplies oil to the hydraulic motor, and the transmission is connected to the drive axle. Summary of the invention
  • one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a speed control device that solves the problem that the conventional transmission friction plate is easily burned and the power shift is interrupted while maintaining a wide speed range.
  • the speed regulating device comprises: a speed reducer provided with at least two input shafts; at least two hydraulic motors provided with control means for controlling the working state thereof; in some embodiments, the speed reducer The reduction ratio is adjusted with the number of the hydraulic motor participating in the work.
  • the speed control device further includes: a hydraulic pump for supplying oil to the hydraulic motor; wherein an output speed of the reduction gear box varies according to different displacements of the hydraulic pump.
  • the reduction gearbox includes: a driven gear and at least two driving gears, the driving gear and the driven gear are in mesh with each other; wherein, each of the driving gears corresponds to the reduction gearbox
  • the input shaft is connected, and the driven gear is connected to an output shaft of the reduction gear box.
  • the reduction gearbox includes: a driven gear, at least two driving gears, and an intermediate gear, the driving gear and the intermediate gear are in mesh with each other, and the intermediate gear and the driven gear are in mesh with each other; Wherein each of the driving gears is connected to a corresponding input shaft of the reduction gear box, and the driven gear is connected to an output shaft of the reduction gear box.
  • the speed control device further includes: a power disconnecting device mounted between the driven gear and the hydraulic motor.
  • control device includes: a control valve for controlling an oil passage of the hydraulic motor; or the control device includes: a displacement control for adjusting a displacement of the hydraulic motor Device.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a power transmission system including: a prime mover, a hydraulic pump, a drive axle, and any of the above-described speed governing devices; wherein the prime mover drives the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump supplies oil to the hydraulic motor, and an output shaft of the reduction gearbox The transaxles are connected.
  • the speed governing device and the power transmission system provided by the disclosure realize the speed regulation by the number of hydraulic motors participating in the work, and adjust the output speed of the speed reducer, so that the speed regulation stability is good, no power interruption, and the speed regulation is stabilized. Sex.
  • a further object of the present disclosure is to provide a construction machine comprising any of the above-described power transmission systems.
  • the construction machine is a grader, and the grader is provided with two balance tanks, the two balance tanks being respectively connected to both sides of the drive axle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a power transmission system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the gearbox In the general transmission system, the gearbox is usually used. However, since the gearbox shifting device has high requirements on mechanical, hydraulic, and control technologies, if the clutch friction plate in the transmission component transmission is improperly controlled, it is easily burnt. In addition, there will be a certain power interruption during the shifting of the transmission. Speed control device embodiment
  • the present embodiment proposes a speed governing device.
  • the speed control device comprises: a reduction box 5 and at least two hydraulic motors.
  • the reduction box 5 is provided with at least two input shafts.
  • At least two hydraulic motors are provided with control means for controlling their operating states, and the output shaft of each hydraulic motor is connected to a corresponding input shaft of the reduction gear box 5.
  • the speed regulating device of the above embodiment can realize the speed regulation by controlling the number of the hydraulic motor to participate in the work, and can realize the speed regulation without the shifting gear shifting mechanism, and adjust the output speed of the speed reducer, so that the speed regulation stability is good, no power Interrupted to ensure the stability of the speed regulation.
  • the reduction ratio of the reduction gear box 5 can be set corresponding to the number of hydraulic motor work.
  • the output speed of the reduction box 5 can be adjusted according to the different displacements of the hydraulic motor.
  • the output speed of the reduction gear box 5 can be controlled by controlling the number of hydraulic motors participating in the work or the different displacements of the hydraulic motor according to actual needs or operation conditions.
  • the speed control device may further comprise: a hydraulic pump 2 for supplying oil to the hydraulic motor, and the output speed of the reduction box 5 may be further adjusted according to different displacements of the hydraulic pump 2.
  • the reduction gearbox 5 comprises: a driven gear 8 and at least two drive gears that mesh with the driven gear 8. Each of the driving gears is connected to an input shaft of the reduction gear box 5, and the driven gear 8 is connected to the output shaft of the reduction gear box 5.
  • the reduction gear box 5 of the present embodiment may include: a driven gear 8, at least two driving gears, and an intermediate gear.
  • the reduction box 5 is provided with at least two input shafts, each of which is correspondingly connected with an input shaft of the reduction gear box 5, the driving gear and the intermediate gear mesh with each other, the intermediate gear and the driven gear 8 mesh with each other, and the driven gear 8 It is connected to the output shaft of the reduction gear box 5.
  • the speed control device further includes: a power disconnecting device, the power disconnecting device being mounted between the driven gear 8 and the hydraulic motor.
  • the power disconnecting device may be a clutch or a fork.
  • the power disconnecting device is provided to prevent the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor that does not participate in the operation from exceeding a predetermined value. For example, when the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor exceeds a predetermined value, the power disconnecting device (not shown) may be passed. The hydraulic motor is disconnected from the input shaft of the reduction gear box 5.
  • control means includes a control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the oil passage of the hydraulic motor.
  • control device includes a displacement controller for adjusting the displacement of the hydraulic motor.
  • the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic motor is controlled to be turned on or off by the control valve, or the displacement of the hydraulic motor is adjusted to zero displacement to control the operation or non-operation of each hydraulic motor.
  • the speed control process of the speed governing device is performed by controlling the working states of the first hydraulic motor 3 and the second hydraulic motor 4 Further explanation:
  • the first hydraulic motor 3 operates, and when the second hydraulic motor 4 is not in operation, the reduction gear box 5 outputs the first rotational speed and the first torque.
  • the second hydraulic motor 4 operates, and when the first hydraulic motor 3 is not in operation, the reduction gear box 5 outputs the second rotation speed and the second torque.
  • first rotational speed, the second rotational speed, and the third rotational speed are preferably different rotational speed values.
  • the first torque, the second torque, and the third torque are preferably different torques.
  • the speed reduction box 5 can be realized by adjusting the displacement of the first hydraulic motor 3, and/or the displacement of the second hydraulic motor 4, and/or the displacement of the hydraulic pump 2 to adjust the rotational speed of the input shaft of the reduction gear box 5.
  • the output shaft speed and torque range are adjusted.
  • the proposed speed regulating device is connected to at least two input shafts of the reduction gear box through at least two hydraulic motors, for example, one hydraulic motor operates, and the other hydraulic motors do not work; or, at least two One hydraulic motor works, the other hydraulic motors do not work, so that the gearbox outputs different speeds. Therefore, by controlling the number of hydraulic motors involved in the work, the speed can be realized without the need of a shifting shifting mechanism. Thus, since there is no shifting shifting mechanism, the speed control stability is good, no power interruption, and the adjustment is ensured. Speed stability.
  • the speed can be adjusted by adjusting the displacement of the hydraulic motor and/or the displacement of the hydraulic pump and the number of hydraulic motor operations, so that the speed adjustment range is increased, for example: increasing the displacement of the hydraulic pump can increase the hydraulic system When the flow rate and the flow rate increase, the motor speed increases, and the vehicle speed increases.
  • the change of the displacement of the hydraulic pump or the motor is realized steplessly by the solenoid valve, that is, the change of the flow rate of the hydraulic system is not abrupt, and is continuously changed, thereby achieving stepless shifting.
  • the power transmission system is established based on the speed regulating device described in the above embodiments, that is, the power transmission system of the embodiment includes: a prime mover 1, a hydraulic pump 2, a drive axle 6, and any of the above embodiments.
  • the speed control device The prime mover 1 drives the hydraulic pump 2, and the hydraulic pump 2 supplies oil to the hydraulic motor, and the output shaft of the reduction box 5 is connected to the transaxle 6.
  • the power transmission system includes a prime mover 1, a hydraulic pump 2, a reduction gear box 5, a drive axle 6, and at least two hydraulic motors.
  • the prime mover may be an internal combustion engine or an electric motor, etc.
  • the reduction gear box 5 includes at least two input shafts, and the prime mover 1 drives the hydraulic pump 2, and the hydraulic pump 2 supplies oil to the hydraulic motor.
  • the output shaft of each hydraulic motor is connected to an input shaft of the reduction gear box 5, respectively, and the output shaft of the reduction gear box 5 is connected to the transaxle 6.
  • the hydraulic motor is a variable hydraulic motor
  • the hydraulic pump 2 is a variable hydraulic pump.
  • the hydraulic motor can also be a quantitative hydraulic motor
  • the hydraulic pump 2 can also be a quantitative hydraulic pump.
  • the so-called quantitative hydraulic motor means that the displacement of the hydraulic motor is not adjustable
  • the so-called quantitative hydraulic pump means that the displacement of the hydraulic pump is not adjustable.
  • the reduction box 5 has at least two input shafts, that is, the reduction box 5 has at least two reduction ratios.
  • the reduction ratio refers to the ratio of the output shaft speed of the reduction gear box 5 to the input shaft speed of the reduction gear box 5.
  • the reduction case 5 is different from the transmission case, and the reduction case 5 has no shifting mechanism.
  • the reduction gearbox 5 includes a driven gear 8 and at least two drive gears, each of which is coupled to a respective input shaft of the reduction gearbox 5, the driven gear 8 being coupled to the output shaft of the reduction gearbox 5,
  • the drive gear and the driven gear 8 are constantly meshed.
  • the constant meshing means that the gear box 5 is in any state, and the two gears are not disengaged.
  • the reduction box 5 can adopt the second scheme (not shown), that is, the reduction box 5 can include a driven gear, at least two driving gears, and an intermediate gear to Increasing the reduction ratio, each driving gear is connected to one input shaft of the reduction gear box, the driven gear is connected with the output shaft of the reduction gear box, the driving gear and the intermediate gear are constantly meshed, and the intermediate gear and the driven gear are constantly meshed.
  • the first hydraulic motor 3 drives the input shaft of the reduction gearbox to rotate, and the first driving gear 7 on the input shaft
  • the driven gear 8 is driven to rotate, and the reduction box 5 outputs the first rotational speed and the first torque.
  • the output shaft speed and the torque range of the reduction gear box 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the displacement of the first hydraulic motor 3 and the displacement of the hydraulic pump 2 to adjust the rotational speed of the input shaft of the reduction gear box 5.
  • the second hydraulic motor 4 drives the input shaft of the reduction gear box 5 to rotate, and the first driving gear 7 on the input shaft drives the driven gear 8 to rotate, and the reduction gear box 5 outputs the second rotation speed and the second torque.
  • the displacement of the second hydraulic motor 4 and the displacement of the hydraulic pump 2 can be adjusted to adjust the rotational speed of the input shaft of the reduction gear box 5, and the output shaft rotational speed and torque range adjustment of the reduction gear box 5 can be realized.
  • the first hydraulic motor 3 drives the first input shaft of the reduction gear box 5 to rotate
  • the second hydraulic motor 4 drives the second input shaft of the reduction gear box 5 to rotate.
  • the first input gear shaft of the first input shaft drives the driven gear 8 to rotate.
  • the second driving gear 9 on the two input shafts drives the driven gear 8 to rotate, and the reduction box 5 outputs the third rotating speed and the third torque.
  • the displacement of the first hydraulic motor 3, the second hydraulic motor 4, and the displacement of the hydraulic pump can be adjusted to adjust the rotational speed of the input shaft of the reduction gearbox 5, and the output shaft speed and torque range of the reduction gearbox 5 can be adjusted.
  • the oil passages of the first hydraulic motor 3 and the second hydraulic motor 4 may be controlled by the control valve.
  • the switching is performed, or the displacement of the first hydraulic motor 3 and the second hydraulic motor 4 is adjusted to zero displacement.
  • the first hydraulic motor 3 and the second hydraulic pressure may be disconnected by a power disconnecting device (not shown).
  • the motor 4 is connected to the input shaft of the reduction gear box 5, and can also be disconnected by the power disconnect device.
  • the meshing between the motor and the driven gear (such as moving the gear by the fork: the first drive gear 7 to disengage from the driven gear 8), the power disconnecting device may be a clutch or a shift fork or the like.
  • the clutch disposed between the first hydraulic motor 3 and the first driving gear 7 disconnects the first hydraulic motor 3 and the second hydraulic motor 4 from the input shaft of the reduction gear box 5 by disengaging the clutch.
  • the hydraulic motor that does not participate in the work is driven by the working hydraulic motor through the gear box, and the speed sensor is used to monitor whether the vehicle speed exceeds the specified value.
  • the reduction gearbox 5 outputs different rotational speeds and torques, and at least two hydraulic motor combinations simultaneously operate to output different rotational speeds and torques.
  • the speed regulation is realized, and the speed regulation range is increased to ensure the stability of the speed regulation.
  • This embodiment proposes a construction machine provided with the power transmission system described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the construction machine is a grader
  • the grader comprises the above-mentioned power transmission system and two balance boxes (not shown), and the two balance boxes are respectively connected to both sides of the drive bridge 6, each balance Two wheels (not shown) are attached to the box.
  • the various modules or steps of the above disclosure may be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, which may be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device, such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device, or they may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or they may be Multiple modes Blocks or steps are made in a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • the storage device is a non-volatile memory such as a ROM/RAM, a flash memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like.
  • the power transmission system and the flat machine provided by the present disclosure solve the problem that the conventional transmission friction plate is easily burned and the power shift is interrupted during the shifting process while maintaining a wide speed regulation range. Therefore, the power transmission system and the machine of the present disclosure have industrial applicability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种调速装置、动力传动系统和工程机械,该调速装置包括减速箱(5)和至少两个液压马达(3,4),减速箱(5)包括至少两个输入轴,液压马达(3,4)设置有用于控制其工作状态的控制装置,每个液压马达(3,4)的输出轴与减速箱(5)的相应输入轴相连接。通过选择液压马达(3,4)工作的数量和/或调节液压马达(3,4)的排量,实现传动系统输出转速的变化,具有调速稳定性好和调速范围增大等优点。

Description

调速装置、 动力传动系统和工程机械 本申请要求于 2014 年 1 月 8 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201410008152.6, 发明名称为 "一种动力传动系统和平地机" 的中国专利申 请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请, 本申请所引用并包含的 其披露的所有相关申请是本申请的不可分割的一部分。 技术领域
本披露涉及工程机械领域, 特别涉及一种动力传动系统及包括该动力 传动系统的平地机。 背景技术
目前, 在平地机的行驶驱动系统中, 人为变速主要有两种方式: 1 )釆 用发动机和机械变速箱变速调速(或称机械变速); 2 )釆用发动机、 变量 液压泵和变量液压马达变速(或称液压变速)。
对于平地机的行走动力传动系统来讲, 其通常可釆用以下三种传动方 案:
传动路线 1 :原动机一液力变矩器一变速箱一传动轴一驱动桥一平衡箱 一车轮。
传动路线 2·· 原动机一变速箱一传动轴一驱动桥一平衡箱一车轮。 传动路线 3: 原动机一液压泵一液压马达一变速箱一驱动桥。
其中, 传动路线 1和传动路线 2均是釆用变速箱进行换档变速, 即机 械变速。 传动路线 3是釆用变速箱进行换档变速, 其中, 原动机驱动液压 泵, 液压泵向液压马达供油, 变速箱与驱动桥相连接。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本披露的目的之一在于提出一种调速装置, 在保持较宽调 速范围的同时, 解决传统变速箱磨擦片易烧损和换档过程存在动力中断的 问题。
进一步来讲, 该调速装置包括: 减速箱, 设置有至少两个输入轴; 至少两个液压马达, 设置有用于控制其工作状态的控制装置; 每个所 在一些实施例中, 所述减速箱的减速比与所述液压马达参与工作的数 进行调节。
在一些实施例中, 该调速装置还包括: 液压泵, 用于向所述液压马达 供油; 其中, 所述减速箱的输出转速根据所述液压泵的不同排量变化。
在一些实施例中, 所述减速箱包括: 从动齿轮和至少两个主动齿轮, 所述主动齿轮与所述从动齿轮相互啮合; 其中, 每个所述主动齿轮与所述 减速箱的相应输入轴相连, 所述从动齿轮与所述减速箱的输出轴相连。
在一些实施例中, 所述减速箱包括: 从动齿轮、 至少两个主动齿轮及 中间齿轮, 所述主动齿轮与所述中间齿轮相互啮合, 所述中间齿轮与所述 从动齿轮相互啮合; 其中, 每个所述主动齿轮与所述减速箱的相应输入轴 相连, 所述从动齿轮与所述减速箱的输出轴相连。
在一些实施例中, 该调速装置还包括: 动力断开装置, 安装在所述从 动齿轮与所述液压马达之间。
在一些实施例中, 所述控制装置包括: 用于控制所述液压马达的油路 通断的控制阀; 或者, 所述控制装置包括: 用于调节所述液压马达排量大 小的排量控制器。
本披露的另一目的在于提出一种动力传动系统, 该动力传动系统包括: 原动机、 液压泵、 驱动桥及上述的任一种调速装置; 其中, 所述原动机驱 动所述液压泵, 所述液压泵向所述液压马达供油, 所述减速箱的输出轴与 所述驱动桥相连接。
本披露提供的一种调速装置及动力传动系统通过液压马达参与工作的 数量实现调速, 对减速箱的输出转速进行调整, 使得调速稳定性好, 无动 力中断, 确保了调速的稳定性。
本披露的又一目的在于提出一种工程机械, 包括上述的任一种动力传 动系统。
在一些实施例中, 所述工程机械为平地机, 所述平地机设置有两个平 衡箱, 所述两个平衡箱分别与驱动桥的两侧相连。
由于上述任一种动力传动系统具有上述技术效果, 因此, 设有该动力 传动系统的工程机械也应具备相应的技术效果, 兹不赘述。 附图说明
构成本披露的一部分的附图用来提供对本披露的进一步理解, 本披露 的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本披露, 并不构成对本披露的不当限定。 在附图中:
图 1为本披露一些实施例提供的动力传动系统的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
1 原动机
2 液压泵
3 第一液压马达
4 第二液压马达
5 减速箱
6 驱动桥
7 第一主动齿轮 8 从动齿轮
9 第二主动齿轮 具体实施方式
需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本披露中的实施例及实施例中的 特征可以相互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本披露。
一般的传动系统中通常使用变速箱, 但由于变速箱换档装置对机械、 液压、 控制技术要求均较高, 如果传动部件变速箱中的离合器磨擦片控制 不当, 则易烧损。 另外, 变速箱换档过程中会存在一定的动力中断。 调速装置实施例
为解决上述技术问题, 本实施例提出一种调速装置, 参照图 1, 其中一 部分示出了本实施例的调速装置的结构。 本实施例中, 该调速装置包括: 减速箱 5和至少两个液压马达。 其中, 减速箱 5设置有至少两个输入轴。 至少两个液压马达设置有用于控制其工作状态的控制装置, 每个液压马达 的输出轴与减速箱 5的相应输入轴相连接。
上述实施例的调速装置通过控制液压马达参与工作的数量, 在不需要 变速换档机构的情况下就能实现调速, 对减速箱的输出转速进行调整, 使 得调速稳定性好, 无动力中断, 确保了调速的稳定性。
需要指出的是, 减速箱 5 的减速比可以与液压马达参与工作的数量对 应设置。 减速箱 5的输出速度可以根据所述液压马达的不同排量进行调节。 或者, 可根据实际需要或作业情况, 择一控制液压马达参与工作的数量或 液压马达的不同排量, 对减速箱 5的输出转速进行控制。
在一可选实施例中, 调速装置还可包括: 液压泵 2, 液压泵 2用于向液 压马达供油, 减速箱 5的输出速度可进一步根据液压泵 2的不同排量进行 调节。 在一可选实施例中, 减速箱 5包括: 从动齿轮 8和至少两个主动齿轮, 主动齿轮与从动齿轮 8相互啮合。 其中, 每个主动齿轮与减速箱 5的一个 输入轴相连, 从动齿轮 8与减速箱 5的输出轴相连。
与上述实施例中的减速箱 5可替代的是, 本实施例的减速箱 5可包括: 从动齿轮 8、 至少两个主动齿轮及中间齿轮。 其中, 减速箱 5设置有至少两 个输入轴, 每个主动齿轮与减速箱 5 的一个输入轴对应相连, 主动齿轮与 中间齿轮相互啮合, 中间齿轮与从动齿轮 8相互啮合, 从动齿轮 8与减速 箱 5的输出轴相连。
在一可选实施例中, 上述调速装置还包括: 动力断开装置, 动力断开 装置安装在从动齿轮 8 与液压马达之间。 其中, 动力断开装置可以是离合 器或者拨叉等。 本实施例中, 设置动力断开装置是为了防止不参与工作的 液压马达的转速超过规定值, 例如, 在液压马达的转速超过规定值时, 可 通过动力断开装置(图中未示出)断开液压马达与减速箱 5的输入轴连接。
上述各实施例中, 控制装置包括用于控制液压马达的油路通断的控制 阀。 或者, 控制装置包括用于调节液压马达排量大小的排量控制器。 本实 施例中, 通过控制阀控制液压马达的油路通断, 或者将液压马达的排量调 节为零排量, 来控制各液压马达工作或者不工作。
此处, 以两个液压马达即第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4为例, 下面 通过控制第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4的工作状态, 对调速装置的调速 过程做进一步说明:
1 )第一液压马达 3工作, 第二液压马达 4不工作时, 减速箱 5输出第 一转速和第一扭矩。
2 )第二液压马达 4工作, 第一液压马达 3不工作时, 减速箱 5输出第 二转速和第二扭矩。
3 )第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4同时工作, 减速箱 5输出第三转 速和第三扭矩。
需要说明的是, 上述实施例中, 第一转速、 第二转速、 第三转速优选 为不同转速值。 第一扭矩、 第二扭矩、 第三扭矩优选为不同扭矩。
另外, 本实施例还可以通过调节第一液压马达 3的排量、 和 /或第二液 压马达 4、 和 /或液压泵 2的排量调节减速箱 5的输入轴的转速, 实现减速 箱 5的输出轴转速和扭矩范围调节。
从上述各实施例可以看出, 其提出的调速装置通过至少两个液压马达 与减速箱的至少两个输入轴相连接, 例如, 一个液压马达工作, 其它液压 马达不工作; 或者, 至少两个液压马达工作, 其它液压马达不工作, 以使 减速箱输出不同的转速。 因此, 通过控制液压马达参与工作的数量, 在不 需要变速换档机构的情况下就能实现调速, 这样, 由于没有变速换档机构, 使得调速稳定性好, 无动力中断, 确保了调速的稳定性。
另外, 还可以通过调节液压马达的排量和 /或液压泵的排量与选择液压 马达工作数量来实现调速, 使得调速范围增大, 例如: 增加液压泵的排量 可以加大液压系统流量, 流量增加, 则马达转速增加, 从而车速增加。 另 外, 液压泵或马达排量的变化是通过电磁阀无级实现的, 即液压系统流量 的变化不是突变的, 是连续变化的, 从而实现无级变速。 传动系统实施例
上述各实施例进一步说明了调速装置的结构及功能, 下面对本实施例 提出的动力传动系统进行如下说明:
实际上, 动力传动系统基于上述各实施例所述的调速装置而建立, 也 就是说, 本实施例的动力传动系统包括: 原动机 1、 液压泵 2、 驱动桥 6及 上述任一实施例所述的调速装置。 其中, 原动机 1驱动液压泵 2, 液压泵 2 向液压马达供油, 减速箱 5的输出轴与驱动桥 6相连接。
这里, 结合图 1 所示, 对本实施例的动力传动系统的结构作进一步说 明: 该动力传动系统包括原动机 1、 液压泵 2、 减速箱 5、 驱动桥 6、 至少 两个液压马达。 其中, 原动机可以是内燃机或者是电动机等, 减速箱 5 包 括至少两个输入轴, 原动机 1驱动液压泵 2, 液压泵 2向液压马达供油。 每 个液压马达的输出轴分别与减速箱 5的一个输入轴相连接, 减速箱 5的输 出轴与驱动桥 6相连接。 其中, 液压马达为变量液压马达, 液压泵 2为变 量液压泵。 另外, 液压马达也可以为定量液压马达, 液压泵 2也可以为定 量液压泵, 所谓定量液压马达是指液压马达的排量不可调, 所谓定量液压 泵是指液压泵的排量不可调。
上述实施例中, 减速箱 5 具有至少两个输入轴, 也就是说, 减速箱 5 具有至少两个减速比。 其中, 减速比是指减速箱 5的输出轴转速与减速箱 5 的输入轴转速之比。 另外, 本实施例中, 减速箱 5与变速箱不同, 减速箱 5 没有换档机构。
在一可选实施例中, 减速箱 5包括从动齿轮 8和至少两个主动齿轮, 每个主动齿轮与减速箱 5的相应输入轴相连, 从动齿轮 8与减速箱 5的输 出轴相连, 主动齿轮与从动齿轮 8常啮合。 其中, 常啮合是指减速箱 5在 任何状态下, 两个齿轮是不脱离的。
另外, 在另一可选实施例中, 减速箱 5 可釆用第二种方案 (图中未示 出), 即: 减速箱 5可包括从动齿轮、 至少两个主动齿轮及中间齿轮, 以增 大减速比, 每个主动齿轮与减速箱的一个输入轴相连, 从动齿轮与减速箱 的输出轴相连, 主动齿轮与中间齿轮常啮合, 中间齿轮与从动齿轮常啮合。
下面对本披露提出的动力传动系统, 以两个液压马达即第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4为例, 针对液压马达不同的工作状态的动力传动调节说 明如下:
1 )第一液压马达 3工作, 第二液压马达 4不工作
第一液压马达 3 驱动减速箱的输入轴旋转, 输入轴上第一主动齿轮 7 带动从动齿轮 8旋转, 减速箱 5输出第一转速和第一扭矩。
另外, 本实施例还可以通过调节第一液压马达 3的排量和液压泵 2的 排量调节减速箱 5的输入轴的转速, 实现减速箱 5的输出轴转速和扭矩范 围调节。
2 )第二液压马达 4工作, 第一液压马达 3不工作
第二液压马达 4驱动减速箱 5的输入轴旋转,输入轴上第一主动齿轮 7 带动从动齿轮 8旋转, 减速箱 5输出第二转速和第二扭矩。
另外, 本实施例还可以调节第二液压马达 4的排量和液压泵 2的排量 调节减速箱 5的输入轴的转速, 实现减速箱 5的输出轴转速和扭矩范围调 节。
3 )第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4同时工作
第一液压马达 3驱动减速箱 5的第一输入轴旋转, 第二液压马达 4驱 动减速箱 5的第二输入轴旋转, 第一输入轴上第一主动齿轮 7带动从动齿 轮 8旋转, 第二输入轴上第二主动齿轮 9带动从动齿轮 8旋转, 减速箱 5 输出第三转速和第三扭矩。
另外, 本实施例还可以调节第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4的排量和 液压泵 的排量调节减速箱 5的输入轴的转速, 实现减速箱 5的输出轴转 速和扭矩范围调节。
在上述各实施例所述的动力传动系统中, 为了控制第一液压马达 3、 第 二液压马达 4工作或者不工作, 可以通过控制阀控制第一液压马达 3、 第二 液压马达 4的油路通断, 或者将第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4的排量调 节为零排量来实现。 另外, 为了防止不参与工作的第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4的转速 超过规定值, 可通过动力断开装置 (图中未示出) 断开该第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4与减速箱 5的输入轴连接, 也可以通过动力断开装置断开 马达与从动齿轮之间的啮合(如通过拔叉移动齿轮: 第一主动齿轮 7, 使之 与从动齿轮 8脱开), 动力断开装置可以是离合器或者拨叉等。
需要说明的是, 在第一液压马达 3和第一主动齿轮 7之间设置的离合 器, 通过脱开离合器来断开该第一液压马达 3、 第二液压马达 4与减速箱 5 的输入轴连接。 另外, 不参与工作的液压马达会被工作的液压马达通过齿 轮箱带动, 通过速传感器来监测车速是否超过规定值。
需要指出的是, 上述实施例中, 不同的液压马达或其组合工作, 减速 箱 5输出不同的转速和扭矩, 至少两个液压马达组合同时工作输出不同的 转速和扭矩。 通过控制不同液压马达工作、 或者液压马达工作个数、 及调 节液压马达和液压泵 2 的排量, 实现调速, 增大调速范围, 确保了调速的 稳定性。 整机实施例
本实施例提出一种工程机械, 设置有上述任一实施例所述的动力传动 系统。
上述实施例中, 该工程机械为平地机, 该平地机包括上述的动力传动 系统、 两个平衡箱 (图中未示出), 两个平衡箱分别与驱动桥 6两侧相连, 每个平衡箱上连接有两个车轮(图中未示出)。
由于上述任一种动力传动系统具有上述技术效果, 因此, 设有该动力 传动系统的工程机械也应具备相应的技术效果, 其具体实施过程与上述实 施例类似, 兹不赘述。
显然, 本领域的技术人员应该明白, 上述的本披露的各模块或各步骤 可以用通用的计算装置来实现, 它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上, 或者 分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上, 可选地, 它们可以用计算装置可执 行的程序代码来实现, 从而, 可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来 执行, 或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块, 或者将它们中的多个模 块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。 这样, 本披露不限制于任何特 定的硬件和软件结合。 所述存储装置为非易失性存储器, 如: ROM/RAM、 闪存、 磁碟、 光盘等。
以上所述仅为本披露的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本披露, 凡在 本披露的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包 含在本披露的保护范围之内。 工业实用性
本披露提供的动力传动系统和平地机, 在保持较宽调速范围的同时, 解决传统变速箱磨擦片易烧损和换档过程存在动力中断的问题。 因此, 本 披露的动力传动系统和平地机具有工业实用性。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种调速装置, 包括:
减速箱 (5), 设置有至少两个输入轴;
至少两个液压马达, 设置有用于控制其工作状态的控制装置; 每个所 述液压马达的输出轴与所述减速箱 (5) 的相应输入轴相连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的调速装置, 其中:
所述减速箱 (5) 的减速比与所述液压马达参与工作的数量对应设置; 和 /或,
所述减速箱 (5) 的输出速度根据所述液压马达的不同排量进行调节。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的调速装置, 其中, 还包括:
液压泵(2), 用于向所述液压马达供油;
其中, 所述减速箱 (5) 的输出转速根据所述液压泵(2) 的不同排量 变化。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的调速装置, 其中, 所述减速箱 (5) 包 括:从动齿轮(8)和至少两个主动齿轮,所述主动齿轮与所述从动齿轮(8) 相互啮合;
其中, 每个所述主动齿轮与所述减速箱 (5)的相应输入轴相连, 所述 从动齿轮(8)与所述减速箱 (5) 的输出轴相连。
5、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的调速装置, 其中, 所述减速箱 (5) 包 括: 从动齿轮(8)、 至少两个主动齿轮及中间齿轮, 所述主动齿轮与所述 中间齿轮相互啮合, 所述中间齿轮与所述从动齿轮(8)相互啮合; 其中, 每个所述主动齿轮与所述减速箱 (5)的相应输入轴相连, 所述 从动齿轮(8)与所述减速箱 (5) 的输出轴相连。
6、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的调速装置, 还包括:
动力断开装置, 安装在所述从动齿轮(8)与所述液压马达之间。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 6任意一项所述的调速装置, 其中:
所述控制装置包括: 用于控制所述液压马达的油路通断的控制阀; 或 者,
所述控制装置包括: 用于调节所述液压马达排量大小的排量控制器。
8、 一种动力传动系统, 包括: 原动机(1)、 液压泵(2)、 驱动桥(6) 及权利要求 1至 7任意一项所述的调速装置;
其中, 所述原动机(1 )驱动所述液压泵(2), 所述液压泵 (2) 向所 述液压马达供油, 所述减速箱 (5) 的输出轴与所述驱动桥(6)相连接。
9、 一种工程机械, 设置有权利要求 8所述的动力传动系统。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的工程机械, 其中, 所述工程机械为平地机, 所述平地机设置有两个平衡箱, 所述两个平衡箱分别与驱动桥(6)的两侧 相连。
PCT/CN2014/084726 2014-01-08 2014-08-19 调速装置、动力传动系统和工程机械 WO2015103881A1 (zh)

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