WO2015102995A1 - Tiges de forage durcies de façon sélective et systèmes et procédés d'utilisation et de production de celles-ci - Google Patents

Tiges de forage durcies de façon sélective et systèmes et procédés d'utilisation et de production de celles-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015102995A1
WO2015102995A1 PCT/US2014/071877 US2014071877W WO2015102995A1 WO 2015102995 A1 WO2015102995 A1 WO 2015102995A1 US 2014071877 W US2014071877 W US 2014071877W WO 2015102995 A1 WO2015102995 A1 WO 2015102995A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drill rod
elongate body
end portion
hardness
thread
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/071877
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher L. Drenth
Kristian Shayne DRIVDAHL
Original Assignee
Longyear Tm, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Longyear Tm, Inc. filed Critical Longyear Tm, Inc.
Publication of WO2015102995A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015102995A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1085—Wear protectors; Blast joints; Hard facing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/042—Threaded

Definitions

  • This invention relates to drill rods that are selectively hardened and/or coated with corrosion-resistant material to be resistant to fatigue, wear, and/or corrosion.
  • a drill rod having a longitudinal axis.
  • the drill rod can comprise an elongate body having a first end portion, a second end portion, a medial portion positioned between the first and second end portions, an outer surface, and an inner surface.
  • the inner surface can define a central bore of the elongate body.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body can be coated with a corrosion-resistant material.
  • At least a portion of the inner surface of the elongate body can be non-carburized. At least a portion of the inner surface of the elongate body can optionally be coated with a corrosion-resistant material. Drilling systems including the disclosed drill rods are also described.
  • a drill rod can have a longitudinal axis and comprise an elongate body.
  • the elongate body can have a first end portion, a second end portion, a medial portion positioned between the first and second end portions, an outer surface, and an inner surface.
  • the inner surface can define a central bore of the elongate body.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body can be coated with a corrosion-resistant material.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be chemically bonded to the outer surface of the elongate body.
  • at least a portion of the inner surface of the elongate body can be non- carburized.
  • At least a portion of the inner surface of the elongate body can optionally be coated with a corrosion-resistant material.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be chemically bonded to the inner surface of the elongate body.
  • the outer surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can define a threaded portion, the threaded portion comprising a plurality of threads and a plurality of roots, each thread having a crest, each root being positioned between adjacent threads relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill rod, the crest of each thread being spaced radially outwardly from adjacent roots relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill rod.
  • Each crest of the plurality of crests can have a respective hardness
  • each root of the plurality of roots can have a respective hardness
  • the hardness of the crest of each thread can be greater than the hardness of the roots adjacent to the thread. Drilling systems including the disclosed drill rods are also described.
  • a method for forming a drill rod comprising induction hardening a selected portion of an outer surface of the drill rod. A plurality of threads can then be defined in the selected portion of the outer surface of the drill rod using a hard turning process.
  • Figure 1 is perspective view of an exemplary drill rod as disclosed herein.
  • Figure 2A is a side perspective view of another exemplary drill rod as disclosed herein.
  • Figure 2B is a partially transparent side perspective view of the drill bit of Figure 2A.
  • Figure 2C is a close-up perspective view of the threaded portion of a first end portion of the drill rod of Figure 2A.
  • Figure 2D is a close-up perspective view of the receptacle of a second end portion of the drill rod of Figure 2A.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional image of the threaded outer portion of an exemplary drill rod as disclosed herein.
  • Figure 4 is an isolated perspective view of an exemplary receptacle positioned at an end of a drill rod as disclosed herein.
  • Figure 5A is a partially transparent schematic view of an exemplary drill rod as disclosed herein, shown prior to formation of the threaded portion of the first end portion.
  • Figure 5B depicts a cross-section of the medial portion of the drill rod, taken at line A-A.
  • Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to "about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
  • drill rods that overcome the male-end fatigue failures caused by thread stresses in conventional case-hardened thread roots.
  • the disclosed drill rods also overcome the fatigue failures that conventionally are initiated during corrosion pitting, which has been shown to be a root cause of both mid-body and male-end failures.
  • Applicant has studied distribution of dynamic loading across a drill rod to evaluate solutions to address the issues of conventional drill rots set forth herein.
  • Applicant has studied dynamic tension waves in a drill string as a result of a) compressive impact waves initiating from a 'top-hammer' drill and b) reflecting waves from the drill bit impacting the ground.
  • case-hardened drill rods it is known that a hardened case has significantly higher strength than the core (the portion of the drill rod surrounded by the hardened case). Further, the average tensile strength of any case hardened cross-section is significantly higher than the same cross-section without the case (given equal core material properties).
  • the entire rod, inside and out is affected by carburizing, and the depth of the case depends on the time during which the drill rod is exposed to a flow of carbon in the atmosphere.
  • Applicant has discovered that the exposure time and costs associated with production of the drill rod can be substantially reduced while still providing a sufficiently hardened case and a desired strength increase.
  • drill rods 10 that are at least partially non-carburized, thru-hardened (e.g., by furnace or low-frequency induction), and/or at least partially coated with a corrosion-resistant material. It is contemplated that the drill rods disclosed herein can be configured to prevent and/or limit corrosion pitting in the threaded portions of the drill rods. It is further contemplated that selective induction hardening of the drill rods as disclosed herein can prevent and/or reduce fatigue failure (e.g., stress corrosion fatigue failure) while maintaining sufficient wear resistance to extend the life of the drill rods, thereby enhancing productivity and efficiency of drilling operations.
  • fatigue failure e.g., stress corrosion fatigue failure
  • each drill rod 10 can be one of a coring drill rod, a percussive drill rod, and a shank.
  • Each drill rod 10 has a longitudinal axis 11 and an elongate body 12.
  • the elongate body 12 can have a first end portion 14, a second end portion 16, a medial portion 18 positioned between the first and second end portions, an outer surface 20, and an inner surface 22.
  • the inner surface 22 can define a central bore 24 of the elongate body 12.
  • the elongate body 12 can have a first transition portion 15 between the first end portion 14 and the medial portion 18.
  • at least one drill rod 10 can be operatively connected with a drill head and/or other conventional drill string components to form a drilling system.
  • the drill bits disclosed herein can be configured for at least one of surface drilling operations (with air flushing), underground drilling operations (with flushing by water or other drilling fluid), and coring applications (with flushing by water or other drilling fluid).
  • the drills rods disclosed herein can be formed from one or more steel materials, such as, for example and without limitation, alloy steels.
  • the steel materials used to form the drill rods can provide high levels of at least one of the following mechanical properties: yield strength, fatigue strength, and hardness. It is contemplated that high levels of these mechanical properties can be required to allow the drill rods to transmit drilling loads and withstand abrasion against drill hole walls while still being easily formable into tubular members with highly productive threaded connections and other mechanical properties.
  • conventional plastic, conventional stainless steel, and conventional aluminum materials can lack sufficient mechanical properties, and conventional engineered composite materials cannot withstand the abrasion.
  • an acceptable cost level is required to operate within industry drilling costs.
  • aircraft-grade alloy steels such as Titanium alloys can be cost prohibitive.
  • Exemplary alloy steel grades for the drill rods disclosed herein can be variations of the chromium-molybdenum-nickel families, such as, for example and without limitation, AISI 4340 or AISI 9315.
  • the amount of carbon in the grade of alloy steel can determine how receptive the steel is to various forms of surface hardening. For example, in these aspects, it is contemplated that a low amount of carbon can allow for absorption of gaseous carbon in a carburizing process, whereas a comparatively higher level of carbon can be required to respond to induction hardening.
  • the drill rods disclosed herein can comprise steel materials produced by MMFX Steel Corporation (Irvine, CA), such as, for example and without limitation, the steel materials described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,273,968; 6,646,427; 6,709,534; and 7, 118,637, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • these steel materials can have a microstructure configured to form a "lathe" matrix with substantially no carbides, thereby avoiding the formation of microgalvanic cells.
  • drill rods formed from high- strength, corrosion-resistant steels can achieve the objectives disclosed herein without the need for an anti-corrosion coating and while allowing thru-hardening to thereby increase mid- body section strength.
  • drill rods can also increase section strength by case-hardening only the outer diameter of the drill rod using induction methods as further disclosed herein.
  • the use of such drill rods can avoid the difficulties associated with applying coatings to the small inner- diameter bore of a drill rod and with wear/degradation of anti-corrosion coatings.
  • the use of such drill rods can eliminate the need for inner-diameter hardening using induction, during which it is difficult to run sufficient quenchant through the drill rod to achieve hardening.
  • the high-strength, corrosion-resistant steels used to form the drill rods can comprise, for example and without limitation, precipitation-hardened stainless steels and low-carbon nanocomposite martensitic steels as are known in the art, including those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,273,968; 6,646,427; 6,709,534; and 7, 118,637.
  • the outer surface 20 of the first end portion 14 of the elongate body 12 can optionally define a threaded portion 30.
  • the threaded portion 30 can comprise a plurality of threads 32 and a plurality of roots 34, with each thread extending radially outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis 1 1 of the drill rod 10 and each root being positioned between adjacent (consecutive) threads relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill rod. It is contemplated that each thread 32 of the plurality of threads can have a crest 36.
  • each respective thread 32 can be spaced radially outwardly from adjacent roots 34 relative to the longitudinal axis 1 1 of the drill rod 10.
  • each root 34 can cooperate with adjacent threads 32 to define a respective groove of the threaded portion 30.
  • the specific geometric configuration of the threaded portion 30 can be modified using methods for manufacturing drill rods further disclosed herein.
  • the plurality of threads 32 of the threaded portion 30 can be a plurality of male threads. During formation of the threads 32 of the threaded portion 30, the threads can extend into at least a portion of transition portion 15.
  • the transition portion 15 can have an outer diameter that varies moving away from the first end portion 14.
  • the threads 32 can terminate at a location in the transition portion 15 where a minor diameter of the threaded portion 30 (the outer diameter defined by the roots 34 of the threaded portion) is flush with and/or is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the transition portion.
  • the outer diameter of the transition portion 15 can gradually increase along at least a portion of the transition portion, moving away from the location where the threaded portion 30 terminates into the transition portion.
  • transition portion 15 can optionally define a fixed-outer-diameter portion proximate the medial portion 18 of the elongate body 12, thereby providing a low-stress transition from the minor diameter of the threaded portion 30 into the medial portion of the elongate body.
  • the second end portion 16 of the elongate body 12 can define a receptacle 40 configured to receive a drill string component.
  • the receptacle 40 can be configured to receive a threaded portion of a second drill rod (or other drill string component).
  • the inner surface 22 of the second end portion 16 of the elongate body 12 can define a plurality of threads 42. It is further contemplated that the plurality of threads 42 can be configured for complementary engagement with the threaded portion 30 of the second drill rod.
  • the inner surface 22 of the second end portion 16 of the elongate body 12 can further define a plurality of roots 44, with each thread 42 extending radially outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis 11 of the drill rod 10 and each root being positioned between adjacent (consecutive) threads relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill rod. It is contemplated that each thread 42 of the plurality of threads can have a crest 46. It is further contemplated that the crest 46 of each respective thread 42 can be spaced radially outwardly from adjacent roots 44 relative to the longitudinal axis 11 of the drill rod 10. Thus, it is contemplated that each root 44 can cooperate with adjacent threads 42 to define a respective groove of the inner surface 22 of the second end portion 16.
  • the specific geometric configuration of the threads 42 of the inner surface 22 of the second end portion 16 can be modified using methods for manufacturing drill rods further disclosed herein.
  • the plurality of threads 42 of the second end portion 16 can be a plurality of female threads.
  • the receptacle 40 can comprise a second transition portion 41 extends from the medial portion 18 of the elongate body 12 toward the second end portion 16.
  • the transition portion 41 can have a variable outer diameter that increases moving away from the medial portion 18 relative to the longitudinal axis 11 of the drill rod 10.
  • the medial portion 18 and the second end portion 16 of the elongate body 12 can have respective inner diameters defined by the inner surface 22 of the elongate body. In this aspect, it is further contemplated that the inner diameter of at least a portion of the second end portion 16 can be greater than the inner diameter 25 of the medial portion 18. In another aspect, the medial portion 18 and the second end portion 16 of the elongate body 12 can have respective outer diameters defined by the outer surface 20 of the elongate body. In this aspect, it is contemplated that at least a portion of the outer diameter of the second end portion 16 can be greater than the outer diameter 26 of the medial portion 18.
  • the inner and outer diameters of the medial portion 18 are depicted in Figure 5B.
  • the first end portion 14 can have an inner diameter and an outer diameter.
  • the inner diameter of the first end portion 14 can be substantially equal to the inner diameter 25 of the medial portion 18.
  • the outer diameter of the first end portion 14 can substantially correspond to the inner diameter of the second end portion 16.
  • the outer diameter of the first end portion 14 can optionally be substantially the same as the outer diameter of the medial portion 18.
  • the inner diameter 25 of the medial portion 18 can range from about 10 mm to about 40 mm, and more preferably from about 15 mm to about 30 mm.
  • the outer diameter 26 of the medial portion (and optionally the outer diameter of the first end portion 14 and the inner diameter of the second end portion 16) can range from about 20 mm to about 100 mm, and more preferably from about 40 mm to about 80 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the second end portion 16 can range from about 30 mm to about 160 mm.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface 20 of the elongate body 12 can be non-carburized. In one aspect, it is contemplated that at least a portion of the outer surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized. Optionally, in this aspect, it is contemplated that substantially the entire outer surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized. In another aspect, it is contemplated that at least a portion of the outer surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized. Optionally, in this aspect, it is contemplated that substantially the entire outer surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface of the medial portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • substantially the entire outer surface of the medial portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • substantially the entire outer surface of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • at least the roots 34 of the threaded portion can be non-carburized, thereby imparting the roots with decreased hardness and higher load stresses.
  • the crests 36 of the threaded portion 30 can be carburized (case-hardened), thereby imparting the crests 36 with increased hardness and lower load stresses.
  • selective carburizing can be achieved by using a high-temperature resistant "stop-off paint that is configured to mask the non-carburized portions of the drill rods by preventing exposure of those portions of the drill rods to carbon gas during heat treatment.
  • At least a portion of the inner surface 22 of the elongate body 12 can be non-carburized. In one aspect, it is contemplated that at least a portion of the inner surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized. Optionally, in this aspect, it is contemplated that substantially the entire inner surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized. In another aspect, it is contemplated that at least a portion of the inner surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized. Optionally, in this aspect, it is contemplated that substantially the entire inner surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • At least a portion of the inner surface of the medial portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • substantially the entire inner surface of the medial portion of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • substantially the entire inner surface of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • at least the roots 44 within the receptacle of the second end portion can be non-carburized, thereby imparting the roots with decreased hardness and higher load stresses.
  • the crests 46 within the receptacle 40 can be carburized (case-hardened), thereby imparting the crests 46 with increased hardness and lower load stresses.
  • selective carburizing can be achieved by using a high- temperature resistant "stop-off paint that is configured to mask the non-carburized portions of the drill rods by preventing exposure of those portions of the drill rods to carbon gas during heat treatment.
  • each crest 36 of the plurality of crests of the threaded portion 30 can have a respective hardness.
  • each root 34 of the plurality of roots can have a respective hardness.
  • the hardness of the crest 36 of each thread 32 can be greater than the hardness of the roots 34 adjacent to the thread (on opposing sides of the thread relative to the longitudinal axis 11 of the drill rod 10).
  • the hardness of the crest 36 of each thread 32 can optionally range from about 50 to about 60 on the Rockwell Hardness "C" Scale (HRC).
  • the hardness of the crest 36 of each thread 32 can optionally be at least about 50 HRC. It is further contemplated that the hardness of the crest 36 of each thread 32 can optionally be at least about 55 HRC. It is still further contemplated that the hardness of the crest 36 of each thread 32 can optionally be at least about 60 HRC. It is still further contemplated that the hardness of the crest 36 of each thread 42 can optionally be about 55 HRC. In further exemplary aspects, the hardness of each root 34 can optionally range from about 35 to about 45 on the Rockwell Hardness "C" Scale (HRC). In these aspects, it is contemplated that the hardness of each root 34 can optionally be less than about 35 HRC.
  • HRC Rockwell Hardness "C” Scale
  • each root 34 can optionally be less than about 40 HRC. It is still further contemplated that the hardness of each root 34 can optionally be less than about 45 HRC. It is still further contemplated that the hardness of each root 34 can optionally be about 40 HRC. In use, it is contemplated that the hardness of each crest can impart advantageous wear resistance to the thread portion, while the hardness of each root can impart advantageous toughness to the thread portion.
  • each crest 46 of the plurality of crests of the second end portion 16 can have a respective hardness.
  • each root 44 of the plurality of roots can have a respective hardness.
  • the hardness of the crest 46 of each thread 42 can be substantially equal to the hardness of the roots 44 adjacent to the thread (on opposing sides of the thread relative to the longitudinal axis 1 1 of the drill rod 10).
  • the hardness of each root 44 (and the hardness of each crest 46) can optionally range from about 35 to about 45 HRC.
  • each root 44 can optionally be less than about 35 HRC. It is further contemplated that the hardness of each root 44 (and the hardness of each crest 46) can optionally be less than about 40 HRC. It is still further contemplated that the hardness of each root 44 (and the hardness of each crest 46) can optionally be less than about 45 HRC. It is still further contemplated that the hardness of each root 34 (and the hardness of each crest 46) can optionally be about 40 HRC.
  • the hardness of the crest 46 of the plurality of threads 42 can be less than the hardness of the crest 36 of the plurality of threads 32 by about 5 HRC to about 10 HRC.
  • the difference in hardness between the threads can substantially eliminate or reduce adhesion wear (e.g., galling or micro-welding) and promote abrasion wear (e.g., polishing) primarily on the softer of the two mating surfaces.
  • threaded joint between threads 32, 42 there is only slide and wear during making or breaking of the joint, with the rate of wear depending on the hardness of the softer surface (i.e., threads 42).
  • the disclosed hardness range for the threads 42 of the inner surface 22 can provide sufficient toughness to the threads while minimizing notch sensitivity, thereby achieving ideal strength and life characteristics.
  • the hardness of the crest 46 of each thread 42 can optionally be greater than the hardness of the roots 44 adjacent to the thread (on opposing sides of the thread relative to the longitudinal axis 11 of the drill rod 10).
  • the threaded portion 30 of the drill rod 10 can be induction hardened using known induction hardening techniques.
  • the crest 36 of each thread 32 of the threaded portion 30 can be induction hardened.
  • the roots 34 of the threaded portion 30 are not induction hardened.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface 20 of the elongate body 12 can optionally be coated with a corrosion-resistant material.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be chemically bonded to the outer surface 20 of the elongate body 12.
  • at least a portion of the outer surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire outer surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • at least a portion of the outer surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire outer surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion- resistant material.
  • at least a portion of the outer surface of the medial portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire outer surface of the medial portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire outer surface of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • At least a portion of the inner surface 22 of the elongate body 12 can optionally be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be chemically bonded to the inner surface 22 of the elongate body.
  • at least a portion of the inner surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire inner surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • At least a portion of the inner surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire inner surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion- resistant material.
  • at least a portion of the inner surface of the medial portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire inner surface of the medial portion of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire inner surface of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • at least a portion of the outer surface 20 of the elongate body 12 and at least a portion of the inner surface 22 of the elongate body 12 can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • substantially the entire outer surface of the elongate body and substantially the entire inner surface of the elongate body can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be an Aquence® coating (Henkel Corporation), such as, for example and without limitation, the Aquence® 930 series coating or the Aquence® 830 series coating. It is contemplated that the Aquence® 930 coating, which includes UV protection, can be used in applications where drill rods will be stored outdoors. It is further contemplated that the Aquence® 830 series coating, which does not include UV protection, can be used in applications with less outdoor exposure, such as, for example percussive drilling applications.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be a "self-building” and self- terminating chemical coating, with the coating having a substantially constant thickness that does not “build” or “run” excessively on or in geometric corners, grooves, and/or ridges like traditional paint coatings do.
  • these characteristics of the corrosion-resistant material are compatible with the tight fits and clearances of conventional drill rod threads.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can comprise a thin coating comprising nano-scale particles and/or nano-fibers configured to induce super-hydrophobic and oleophobic properties by trapping a layer of air on the surface.
  • a corrosion-resistant material is the Ultra Ever-DryTM coating (UltraTech International, Inc.).
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be provided using a surface preparation process followed by an application of an oil coating or similar rust preventative.
  • the surface preparation can optionally comprise at least one of an acid or phosphate process, a nitriding process, and a steam oxidizing process that creates micro-voids in the surface.
  • the micro-voids in the surface of the drill rod can be receptive to molecular bonds or capillary action with a rust preventative oil coating, which can optionally comprise a base or carrier grease such as calcium sulfonate.
  • a method of forming a drill rod can comprise furnace carburizing selected portions of the inner surfaces of the elongate body.
  • substantially the entire axial length of the inner and outer surfaces of the elongate body can be furnace carburized.
  • the method of forming a drill rod can optionally comprise induction hardening a selected portion of an outer surface of the drill rod, such as, for example and without limitation, the threaded portion of the drill rod and/or the medial portion of the drill rod.
  • the step of induction hardening can be performed using a high-frequency induction system, such as, for example and without limitation, a Tocco #OL-204 generator. It is contemplated that the high-frequency induction system can be configured to output power of up to at least 300 kW at frequencies of up to about 10 kHz.
  • the high-frequency induction system can be configured to apply power to an induction coil positioned circumferentially around the selected portion of the outer surface of the drill rod. It is further contemplated that the high-frequency induction system can be configured to generate heat by reversing a magnetic field induced by the high frequency of the alternating current within the coil. It is still further contemplated that, following heating of the selected portion of the outer surface, the selected portion can be rapidly quenched by water and a selected polymer to harden the steel of the drill rod.
  • the method of forming a drill rod can comprise induction thru- wall hardening at least a portion of the elongate body of the drill rod.
  • the method of forming the drill rod can optionally comprise quench-and-temper hardening at least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body of the drill rod using a furnace.
  • the method of forming the drill rod can comprise quench-and-temper hardening substantially the entire axial length of the outer surface of the elongate body of the drill rod.
  • the method can comprise defining a plurality of threads in the selected portion of the outer surface of the drill rod using a carburizing (hard turning) process.
  • the hard turning process can optionally comprise heat treating at least the selected portion of the outer surface of the drill rod using conventional methods. It is further contemplated that the hard turning process can comprise rotating the drill rod about the longitudinal axis of the drill rod. It is still further contemplated that the hard turning process can comprise advancing a work piece at a selected orientation to the longitudinal axis during rotation of the drill rod to define the plurality of threads in the selected portion of the outer surface of the drill rod.
  • the excessive heat generated during the hard turning process can require the use of conventional ceramic cutting "inserts" in place of conventional carbide or "high-speed-steel” coated inserts, which are often used for medium-low hardness steels. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the ceramic cutting "inserts" can provide improved wear life and cutting performance compared to the conventional carbide or "high-speed-steel” coated inserts.
  • the geometry of the threads of the outer and/or inner surfaces of the elongate body of the drill rods can be selectively defined during the hard turning process by selectively adjusting the case hardening depth to be less than the depth of the machined thread.
  • the currents induced during the hard turning process can comprise eddy current effects that collect in the geometric features defined in the surfaces of the drill rod depending upon how the induction coil passes over the corresponding portion of the drill rod.
  • the case pattern can be deeper on the load flank than the stab flank to ensure that the case pattern completely covers the crest of the thread.
  • the hardness of the crest of the male threads on the outer surface of the drill rod can be maximized through a conventional case hardening method, and the female threads of the inner surface of the drill rod can be formed to have a hardness less than the hardness of the crest of the male threads.
  • the female threads of the inner surface of the drill rod can be hardened using a case hardening method and then tempered back to achieve the desired hardness.
  • the desired hardness of the female threads can be achieved using a thru-wall hardening method as is known in the art. It is contemplated that it can be advantageous to avoid performance of a difficult secondary female thread case hardening operation and to instead elevate the hardness of the core (parent) material and to machine the female thread into that core material.
  • the method of forming the drill rod can comprise coating at least a portion of at least one of the outer surface and the inner surface of the drill rod with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • a drill rod having a longitudinal axis can comprise an elongate body having a first end portion, a second end portion, a medial portion positioned between the first and second end portions, an outer surface, and an inner surface.
  • the inner surface can define a central bore of the elongate body. At least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body can be non-carburized. At least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body can be coated with a corrosion-resistant material.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be chemically bonded to the outer surface of the elongate body.
  • the outer surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can define a threaded portion, the threaded portion comprising a plurality of threads and a plurality of roots, each thread having a crest, each root being positioned between adjacent threads relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill rod, the crest of each thread being spaced radially outwardly from adjacent roots relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill rod.
  • each crest of the plurality of crests can have a respective hardness
  • each root of the plurality of roots can have a respective hardness
  • the hardness of the crest of each thread can be greater than the hardness of the roots adjacent to the thread.
  • the hardness of the crest of each thread can range from about 50 to about 60 HRC, and the hardness of each root can range from about 35 to about 45 HRC.
  • each root of the plurality of roots can be non- carburized.
  • the crest of each thread of the threaded portion can be induction hardened.
  • the second end portion of the elongate body can define a receptacle configured to receive a threaded portion of a second drill rod.
  • the inner surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can define a plurality of threads.
  • the medial portion and the second end portion of the elongate body can have respective inner diameters, and the inner diameter of the second end portion can be greater than the inner diameter of the medial portion.
  • the first end portion can have an inner diameter and an outer diameter
  • the inner diameter of the first end portion can be substantially equal to the inner diameter of the medial portion
  • the outer diameter of the first end portion can substantially correspond to the inner diameter of the second end portion
  • the medial portion and the second end portion of the elongate body can have respective outer diameters, and the outer diameter of the second end portion can be greater than the outer diameter of the medial portion.
  • At least a portion of the inner surface can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be chemically bonded to the inner surface of the elongate body.
  • a drill rod having a longitudinal axis can comprise an elongate body having a first end portion, a second end portion, a medial portion positioned between the first and second end portions, an outer surface, and an inner surface.
  • the inner surface can define a central bore of the elongate body.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body can be non-carburized.
  • At least a portion of the outer surface of the elongate body can be coated with a corrosion-resistant material. The corrosion-resistant material can be chemically bonded to the outer surface of the elongate body.
  • the outer surface of the first end portion of the elongate body can define a threaded portion, the threaded portion comprising a plurality of threads and a plurality of roots, each thread having a crest, each root being positioned between adjacent threads relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill rod, the crest of each thread being spaced radially outwardly from adjacent roots relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill rod.
  • Each crest of the plurality of crests can have a respective hardness
  • each root of the plurality of roots can have a respective hardness
  • the hardness of the crest of each thread can be greater than the hardness of the roots adjacent to the thread.
  • the hardness of the crest of each thread can range from about 50 to about 60 HRC, and the hardness of each root can range from about 35 to about 45 HRC.
  • each root of the plurality of roots can be non- carburized.
  • the crest of each thread of the threaded portion can be induction hardened.
  • the second end portion of the elongate body can define a receptacle configured to receive a threaded portion of a second drill rod.
  • the inner surface of the second end portion of the elongate body can define a plurality of threads.
  • the medial portion and the second end portion of the elongate body can have respective inner diameters, and the inner diameter of the second end portion can be greater than the inner diameter of the medial portion.
  • the first end portion can have an inner diameter and an outer diameter
  • the inner diameter of the first end portion can be substantially equal to the inner diameter of the medial portion
  • the outer diameter of the first end portion can substantially correspond to the inner diameter of the second end portion
  • the medial portion and the second end portion of the elongate body can have respective outer diameters, and the outer diameter of the second end portion can be greater than the outer diameter of the medial portion.
  • At least a portion of the inner surface can be coated with the corrosion-resistant material.
  • the corrosion-resistant material can be chemically bonded to the inner surface of the elongate body.
  • a drilling system can be provided in which a drill rod as disclosed herein can be operatively coupled with a drill head.
  • a method is provided for forming a drill rod as disclosed herein.
  • a method for forming a drill rod can comprise induction hardening a selected portion of an outer surface of the drill rod.
  • the method can further comprise defining a plurality of threads in the selected portion of the outer surface of the drill rod using a hard turning process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des tiges de forage possédant une surface externe qui est au moins partiellement non cémentée et au moins partiellement revêtue d'un matériau résistant à la corrosion. Le matériau résistant à la corrosion peut être lié chimiquement à la surface externe du corps allongé. Éventuellement, la surface externe des tiges de forage peut définir une partie filetée possédant une pluralité de filetages et une pluralité de racines positionnées entre des filetages adjacents. Chaque filetage peut avoir une crête espacée en sens radial vers l'extérieur à partir de racines adjacentes. Chaque crête peut avoir une dureté respective, et chaque racine peut avoir une dureté respective. La dureté de la crête de chaque filetage peut être supérieure à la dureté des racines adjacentes au filetage. L'invention concerne également des systèmes et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation des tiges de forage décrites.
PCT/US2014/071877 2013-12-30 2014-12-22 Tiges de forage durcies de façon sélective et systèmes et procédés d'utilisation et de production de celles-ci WO2015102995A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201361921861P 2013-12-30 2013-12-30
US61/921,861 2013-12-30

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WO2015102995A1 true WO2015102995A1 (fr) 2015-07-09

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106194044A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-07 王华彬 新型复合钎杆

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5788401A (en) * 1996-12-24 1998-08-04 Boart Longyear International Holdings, Inc. Rod joint
US6095266A (en) * 1996-06-20 2000-08-01 Sandvik Ab Drill rod and method for its manufacturer
US20040226754A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2004-11-18 Atlas Copco Secoroc Ab Connection rod and method for production thereof
US20050067195A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2005-03-31 Johan Linden Drill member for rock drilling and a method for manufacturing the drill member
US20090266615A1 (en) * 2008-04-23 2009-10-29 Longyear Tm, Inc. Bi-steel percussive drill rod

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6095266A (en) * 1996-06-20 2000-08-01 Sandvik Ab Drill rod and method for its manufacturer
US5788401A (en) * 1996-12-24 1998-08-04 Boart Longyear International Holdings, Inc. Rod joint
US20050067195A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2005-03-31 Johan Linden Drill member for rock drilling and a method for manufacturing the drill member
US20040226754A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2004-11-18 Atlas Copco Secoroc Ab Connection rod and method for production thereof
US20090266615A1 (en) * 2008-04-23 2009-10-29 Longyear Tm, Inc. Bi-steel percussive drill rod

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106194044A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-07 王华彬 新型复合钎杆

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