WO2015101914A1 - Apparatus for producing hydrogen using sea water without evolution of chlorine and method thereof - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing hydrogen using sea water without evolution of chlorine and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015101914A1
WO2015101914A1 PCT/IB2014/067343 IB2014067343W WO2015101914A1 WO 2015101914 A1 WO2015101914 A1 WO 2015101914A1 IB 2014067343 W IB2014067343 W IB 2014067343W WO 2015101914 A1 WO2015101914 A1 WO 2015101914A1
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Prior art keywords
compartment
electrolyte
cathode
anode
outlet
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PCT/IB2014/067343
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French (fr)
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Rajendiran K
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Rajendiran K
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Publication of WO2015101914A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015101914A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • This present invention relates to the production of hydrogen, particularly to apparatuses and methods for electrolytically producing hydrogen gas without evolution of toxic chlorine using saline water, preferably seawater.
  • Hydrogen is used widely in various industries. In recent times, the use of hydrogen in the generation of electrical power has increased. Since hydrogen produces only water as waste, attention has recently been paid to hydrogen as clean energy which replaces fossil fuel.
  • hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water as electrolyte.
  • saline water such as seawater is used.
  • Electrolysis is a process of decomposing a molecule by passing electric current through an electrolyte, a solution which conducts electricity.
  • the electrolysis apparatus consists of a pair of electrodes immersed in a conducting electrolyte dissolved in water. Certain electrolysis cells do have diaphragm or membranes that separate anodic and cathodic products.
  • Electrolysis of water is a process of decomposing water with electric current supplied, to produce the basic elements of water that is hydrogen at the cathode of the electrolysis cell, and oxygen at the anode. Hoffman voltmeter is used for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen gas.
  • seawater electrolysis In seawater electrolysis the presence of more than 70 elements of dissolved salts in sea water, in the form of ions, mainly sodium, chloride, sulphate, magnesium, and potassium make sea water an excellent conductor.
  • ions mainly sodium, chloride, sulphate, magnesium, and potassium
  • Seawater is electrolysed to produce hydrogen at the cathode.
  • Either chlorine or oxygen may be produced at the anode, depending on a few factors such as the electrode materials, reaction conditions and PH value.
  • the electrolysis of seawater could take any one of following three main ways that are:
  • electrolysis of sea water produces two gases one is Hydrogen and another one Chlorine.
  • one unit of Hydrogen gas is produced, 35 units of toxic Chlorine gas is produced.
  • Many researches are being made to overcome this problem by introducing various type of anode and cathode material or alloys and also varying dc voltage and current. In these methods, however, a large amount of electric power is consumed for the production of hydrogen, thus giving rise to problems such that the manufacturing efficiency is poor, the cost of hydrogen is high and mass production of hydrogen is not economical.
  • It another object of the invention to provide for a simple method of production of hydrogen
  • an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of:
  • a cathode compartment adapted to retain a first electrolyte having a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source, and an outlet to collect the hydrogen produced during electrolysis.
  • an anode compartment adapted to retain a second electrolyte having an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source, and an outlet to collect oxygen produced during electrolysis;
  • an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of:
  • a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the compartment and exit through an outlet; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment the other end connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source and an outlet to collect the hydrogen produced during electrolysis;
  • an anode compartment adapted to retain a second electrolyte having an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source and an outlet to collect oxygen produced during electrolysis;
  • a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment.
  • an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a first cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said first cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas ; a second cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet, a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said second cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; wherein the said first cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane and the anode compartment is in ionic communication with the second compartment through an ionic
  • Yet another embodiment is an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; an anode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a second electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas; wherein the said cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane
  • a. electrolyzing a first in an apparatus comprising of: a cathode compartment filled with a first electrolyte ;a direct current source; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of the direct current source; an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source ; a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment;
  • a process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the compartment and exit through an outlet a direct current source; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of the direct current source ;an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment; b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in
  • a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of a first cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said first cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas; a second cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet, a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said second cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; wherein the said first cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane and the anode compartment is in ionic communication
  • a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; an anode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a second electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas; wherein the said cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane;
  • Fig.1 is an illustration of one of the embodiments of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of one of the embodiments of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is an illustration of one of the embodiments of the invention
  • Fig. 4 is an illustration of one of the embodiments of the invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • an apparatus (1 ) that comprises of a cathode compartment (100) filled with a first electrolyte preferably seawater, anode compartment (101 ), Bridge (104) with any ionic conductive salt solution.
  • Ionic conductive membrane (109) can be embedded at the ends.
  • Cathode (103) in the cathode compartment is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the negative terminal of Direct Current source.
  • the anode compartment (101 ) is filled with the second electrolyte, preferably an acid/alkaline (without chlorine element).
  • the anode (102) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the positive terminal of Direct current source. Hydrogen is produced and collected at the outlet (105) during process of electrolysis. Oxygen is produced and collected at the outlet 108 during electrolysis process.
  • Two electrolytes are used, one seawater at cathode and another one acid/alkaline at anode. Hydrogen is produced at cathode and oxygen is produced at anode.
  • the cathode (103) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
  • Anode (102) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
  • the first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element. Seawater may also be preferably used as the first electrolyte.
  • the second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element.
  • the second electrolyte may be H2S0 4 .
  • the ionic solution used in the bridge (104) may be salt solution other than sodium chloride and the ionically conductive membrane in the bridge may be an ion conductive polymer.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a method comprising of one or more steps for producing hydrogen from an electrolyte, preferably Seawater by storing seawater in a cathode compartment where the electrode is cathode.
  • an electrolyte preferably Seawater by storing seawater in a cathode compartment where the electrode is cathode.
  • an acid or alkaline is filled with anode electrode.
  • a salt bridge is connected between anode and cathode compartments.
  • Hydrogen gas is produced at cathode compartment and collected.
  • Oxygen is produced at anode compartment and can be collected.
  • an apparatus (2) that comprises a cathode compartment (200) in which electrolyte, preferably seawater, is allowed to flow the inlet (207) and outlet (206).
  • the flow could be gravity or pressure flow.
  • Anode compartment (201 ) and cathode compartment is connected by a bridge (204) made of tube/circular section filled with an ionic conductive salt solution and ends are fitted with an Ionic conductive membrane (209).
  • Cathode (203) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the negative terminal of Direct Current source. During process of electrolysis, Hydrogen is produced and collected at the outlet (205).
  • Sea water may flow to the cathode compartment through a pressure balancing pipe (210) to cope up with the pressure at Hydrogen gas outlet (205).
  • Heated seawater can also be used to increase the efficiency.
  • Salt bridge is placed to connect anode and cathode compartments. In order to give the continuity of electron/ion transfer for anode compartment and cathode compartments, both compartments are connected by salt bridge. Hydrogen gas is produced at cathode compartment and collected. Oxygen is produced at anode compartment and can be collected.
  • the cathode (203) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
  • Anode (202) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
  • the first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element. Seawater may also be preferably used as the first electrolyte.
  • the second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element.
  • the second electrolyte may be H2SO 4 .
  • the ionic solution used in the bridge (204) may be salt solution other than sodium chloride and the ionically conductive membrane (209) in the bridge may be an ion conductive polymer.
  • an apparatus(3) for producing hydrogen in accordance with the invention is made of at least three compartments namely, at least two cathode “C” compartments (300) and at least one anode compartment "A” (301 ).
  • Anode compartment (301 ) placed in between Cathode compartments (300).
  • Anode and Cathode compartment are connected to each other through an ionic conductance membrane (309).
  • electrolyte preferably seawater is allowed to flow to the inlet (307) and outlet (306). The flow could be gravity or pressure flow.
  • Cathode (303) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the negative terminal of Direct Current source.
  • anode (302) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the positive terminal of Direct current source. Oxygen is produced and collected at the outlet 308 during electrolysis process.
  • the cathode (303) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
  • Anode (302) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
  • the first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element. Seawater may also be preferably used as the first electrolyte.
  • the second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element.
  • the second electrolyte may be H2SO 4 .
  • the ionically conductive membrane (309) that separates the anode compartment (301 ) and cathode compartment (300) may be an ion conductive polymer.
  • an apparatus(4) made of two compartment namely one cathode “C” compartment (400) and one anode compartment "A” (401 ).
  • the apparatus consists of two compartments without salt bridge, one cathode compartment and one anode compartment.
  • Anode and Cathode compartment are connected by the ionic conductance membrane (409).
  • electrolyte preferably seawater is allowed to flow the inlet (407) and outlet (406). The flow could be gravity or pressure flow.
  • Cathode (403) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the negative terminal of Direct Current source. During process of electrolysis, Hydrogen is produced and collected at the outlet (405).
  • Cathode compartment is attached with a pressure balancing pipe (410) to cope up with the pressure in the hydrogen gas outlet (405).
  • anode compartment (401 ) chlorine element free acid/alkaline is allowed to flow through the inlet (417) and exit at the outlet 416. The flow could be gravity or pressure flow.
  • Anode (402) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the positive terminal of Direct current source. Oxygen is produced and collected at the outlet (408) during electrolysis process
  • the cathode (403) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
  • Anode (402) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
  • the first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element. Seawater may also be preferably used as the first electrolyte.
  • the second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element.
  • the second electrolyte may be H2SO 4 .
  • the ionically conductive membrane (409) that separates the anode compartment (401 ) and cathode compartment (400) may be an ion conductive polymer.
  • the hydrogen producing system and method using seawater according to the present invention are suitably applicable to the industrial production of hydrogen used in a wide variety of fields, including hydrogen fuel cells and various industries.
  • the hydrogen producing system according to the present invention is installed together with a power source using hydrogen as fuel on a large - sized tanker or the like sailing the oceans, their accrues an advantage in point of refueling.
  • a power source using hydrogen as fuel on a large - sized tanker or the like sailing the oceans
  • their accrues an advantage in point of refueling even if it is installed in seaside cities, seaside industrial areas, islands or ocean plants, it is possible to attain an effective utilization of energy.

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Abstract

Apparatuses and methods for production of hydrogen from sea water by electrolysis of sea water in a cathode compartment where the electrode is cathode. In an anode compartment acid/alkaline is filled with anode electrode. 5 A salt bridge is connected between anode and cathode compartments. Hydrogen gas is produced at cathode compartment and collected. Oxygen is produced at anode compartment and can be collected.

Description

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN USING SEA WATER WITHOUT EVOLUTION OF CHLORINE AND METHOD THEREOF
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This present invention relates to the production of hydrogen, particularly to apparatuses and methods for electrolytically producing hydrogen gas without evolution of toxic chlorine using saline water, preferably seawater. BACKGROUND ART
Hydrogen is used widely in various industries. In recent times, the use of hydrogen in the generation of electrical power has increased. Since hydrogen produces only water as waste, attention has recently been paid to hydrogen as clean energy which replaces fossil fuel.
In known methods hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water as electrolyte. In some cases saline water such as seawater is used.
Electrolysis is a process of decomposing a molecule by passing electric current through an electrolyte, a solution which conducts electricity. The electrolysis apparatus consists of a pair of electrodes immersed in a conducting electrolyte dissolved in water. Certain electrolysis cells do have diaphragm or membranes that separate anodic and cathodic products. Electrolysis of water is a process of decomposing water with electric current supplied, to produce the basic elements of water that is hydrogen at the cathode of the electrolysis cell, and oxygen at the anode. Hoffman voltmeter is used for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen gas. In seawater electrolysis the presence of more than 70 elements of dissolved salts in sea water, in the form of ions, mainly sodium, chloride, sulphate, magnesium, and potassium make sea water an excellent conductor. The main reactions that occur at the cathode and the anode of the cell during the process of seawater electrolysis are:
Cathode: 2H 20 + 2- ^ 4 H2 + 20H
Anode: 6H20 -=> 02+ 4H20++4e- and/or
2CI- C12 + 2-
Seawater is electrolysed to produce hydrogen at the cathode. Either chlorine or oxygen may be produced at the anode, depending on a few factors such as the electrode materials, reaction conditions and PH value.
The electrolysis of seawater could take any one of following three main ways that are:
1 . Electrolysis to produce hydrogen, oxygen and alkalis
2. Electrolysis to produce hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine and alkalis
3. Electrolysis to produce sodium hypochlorite and other salts
However, the 2nd path seems to be the most dominant route of the hydrogen production process.
Production of Hydrogen by the method of electrolysis deals with some of the following challenges:
1 . Toxic Chlorine gas
2. Corrosion at anode 3. Precipitates at cathode
4. Environmental Impact.
One of the biggest problem of seawater electrolysis would be at the anode side of the electrolysis cell where chlorine is produced, as the equations below:
6H20 02+ 4H20++4e
and/or
2CI- C12 + 2-
From the reactions above, it is observed that chlorine production is independent of pH value of Seawater.
In accordance with basic electrochemistry, electrolysis of sea water produces two gases one is Hydrogen and another one Chlorine. During electrolysis of seawater one unit of Hydrogen gas is produced, 35 units of toxic Chlorine gas is produced. Many researches are being made to overcome this problem by introducing various type of anode and cathode material or alloys and also varying dc voltage and current. In these methods, however, a large amount of electric power is consumed for the production of hydrogen, thus giving rise to problems such that the manufacturing efficiency is poor, the cost of hydrogen is high and mass production of hydrogen is not economical.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to overcome one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art, faced in the production of hydrogen
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide for an environment friendly method and apparatus for producing hydrogen. It is another object of the invention to prevent generation of Chlorine in the production of hydrogen
It is yet another object of the invention to provide for a cost effective method of production of hydrogen
It another object of the invention to provide for a simple method of production of hydrogen
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to meet the stated objects, it is disclosed herein an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of:
a. a cathode compartment adapted to retain a first electrolyte having a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source, and an outlet to collect the hydrogen produced during electrolysis.
b. an anode compartment adapted to retain a second electrolyte having an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source, and an outlet to collect oxygen produced during electrolysis; and
c. a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment. Also disclosed herein is an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of:
a. a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the compartment and exit through an outlet; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment the other end connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source and an outlet to collect the hydrogen produced during electrolysis;
b. an anode compartment adapted to retain a second electrolyte having an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source and an outlet to collect oxygen produced during electrolysis; and
c. a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment.
It is disclosed herein an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a first cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said first cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas ;a second cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet, a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said second cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; wherein the said first cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane and the anode compartment is in ionic communication with the second compartment through an ionic conductive membrane.
Yet another embodiment is an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; an anode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a second electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas; wherein the said cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane
In yet another embodiment, it is disclosed herein a process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of:
a. electrolyzing a first in an apparatus comprising of: a cathode compartment filled with a first electrolyte ;a direct current source; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of the direct current source; an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source ;a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment;
b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in the anode compartment
Also disclosed herein a process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the compartment and exit through an outlet a direct current source; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of the direct current source ;an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment; b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in the anode compartment
It is disclosed herein a process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of:
a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of a first cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said first cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas; a second cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet, a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said second cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; wherein the said first cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane and the anode compartment is in ionic communication with the second compartment through an ionic conductive membrane;
b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in the anode compartment.
It is disclosed herein a process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of:
a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; an anode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a second electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas; wherein the said cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane;
b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in the anode compartment
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig.1 is an illustration of one of the embodiments of the invention
Fig. 2 is an illustration of one of the embodiments of the invention
Fig. 3 is an illustration of one of the embodiments of the invention
Fig. 4 is an illustration of one of the embodiments of the invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention and its various embodiments is better understood by reading the description along with the accompanying drawing which appear herein for purpose of illustration only and does not limit the invention in any way.
It is main object of the present invention to provide apparatus and method using multiple electrolytes of which one is seawater to produce Hydrogen without evolution of chlorine. Referring to Fig 1 , an apparatus (1 ) is shown that comprises of a cathode compartment (100) filled with a first electrolyte preferably seawater, anode compartment (101 ), Bridge (104) with any ionic conductive salt solution. Ionic conductive membrane (109) can be embedded at the ends. Cathode (103) in the cathode compartment is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the negative terminal of Direct Current source. The anode compartment (101 ) is filled with the second electrolyte, preferably an acid/alkaline (without chlorine element).The anode (102) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the positive terminal of Direct current source. Hydrogen is produced and collected at the outlet (105) during process of electrolysis. Oxygen is produced and collected at the outlet 108 during electrolysis process.
Two electrolytes are used, one seawater at cathode and another one acid/alkaline at anode. Hydrogen is produced at cathode and oxygen is produced at anode.
The cathode (103) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like. Anode (102) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like. The first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element. Seawater may also be preferably used as the first electrolyte. The second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element. The second electrolyte may be H2S04. The ionic solution used in the bridge (104) may be salt solution other than sodium chloride and the ionically conductive membrane in the bridge may be an ion conductive polymer.
Another embodiment of the invention is a method comprising of one or more steps for producing hydrogen from an electrolyte, preferably Seawater by storing seawater in a cathode compartment where the electrode is cathode. In an anode compartment an acid or alkaline is filled with anode electrode. A salt bridge is connected between anode and cathode compartments. Hydrogen gas is produced at cathode compartment and collected. Oxygen is produced at anode compartment and can be collected.
Referring to Fig 2, an apparatus (2) is shown that comprises a cathode compartment (200) in which electrolyte, preferably seawater, is allowed to flow the inlet (207) and outlet (206). The flow could be gravity or pressure flow. Anode compartment (201 ) and cathode compartment is connected by a bridge (204) made of tube/circular section filled with an ionic conductive salt solution and ends are fitted with an Ionic conductive membrane (209). Cathode (203) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the negative terminal of Direct Current source. During process of electrolysis, Hydrogen is produced and collected at the outlet (205). Sea water may flow to the cathode compartment through a pressure balancing pipe (210) to cope up with the pressure at Hydrogen gas outlet (205). The anode compartment (201 ) filled with acid/alkaline (without chlorine element); anode (202) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the positive terminal of Direct current source. Oxygen is produced and collected at the outlet 208 during electrolysis process.
Heated seawater can also be used to increase the efficiency. Salt bridge is placed to connect anode and cathode compartments. In order to give the continuity of electron/ion transfer for anode compartment and cathode compartments, both compartments are connected by salt bridge. Hydrogen gas is produced at cathode compartment and collected. Oxygen is produced at anode compartment and can be collected.
The cathode (203) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like. Anode (202) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like. The first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element. Seawater may also be preferably used as the first electrolyte. The second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element. The second electrolyte may be H2SO4. The ionic solution used in the bridge (204) may be salt solution other than sodium chloride and the ionically conductive membrane (209) in the bridge may be an ion conductive polymer.
Referring to Fig 3, an apparatus(3) for producing hydrogen in accordance with the invention is made of at least three compartments namely, at least two cathode "C" compartments (300) and at least one anode compartment "A" (301 ). Anode compartment (301 ) placed in between Cathode compartments (300). Anode and Cathode compartment are connected to each other through an ionic conductance membrane (309). In cathode compartment, electrolyte, preferably seawater is allowed to flow to the inlet (307) and outlet (306). The flow could be gravity or pressure flow. Cathode (303) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the negative terminal of Direct Current source. During process of electrolysis, Hydrogen is produced and collected at the outlet (305). Cathode compartment attached with pressure balancing pipe (310) to cope up with the Hydrogen gas outlet (305). In anode compartment (301 ) filled with acid/alkaline (without chlorine element), anode (302) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the positive terminal of Direct current source. Oxygen is produced and collected at the outlet 308 during electrolysis process.
The cathode (303) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like. Anode (302) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like. The first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element. Seawater may also be preferably used as the first electrolyte. The second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element. The second electrolyte may be H2SO4. The ionically conductive membrane (309) that separates the anode compartment (301 ) and cathode compartment (300) may be an ion conductive polymer.
Referring to Fig 4, in yet another embodiment of an invention, an apparatus(4) made of two compartment namely one cathode "C" compartment (400) and one anode compartment "A" (401 ). As shown in Fig 4, the apparatus consists of two compartments without salt bridge, one cathode compartment and one anode compartment. Anode and Cathode compartment are connected by the ionic conductance membrane (409). In cathode compartment, electrolyte, preferably seawater is allowed to flow the inlet (407) and outlet (406). The flow could be gravity or pressure flow. Cathode (403) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the negative terminal of Direct Current source. During process of electrolysis, Hydrogen is produced and collected at the outlet (405). Cathode compartment is attached with a pressure balancing pipe (410) to cope up with the pressure in the hydrogen gas outlet (405). In anode compartment (401 ) chlorine element free acid/alkaline is allowed to flow through the inlet (417) and exit at the outlet 416. The flow could be gravity or pressure flow. Anode (402) is made of carbon or any electrically conductive electrode and it is attached with the positive terminal of Direct current source. Oxygen is produced and collected at the outlet (408) during electrolysis process
The cathode (403) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like. Anode (402) is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like. The first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element. Seawater may also be preferably used as the first electrolyte. The second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element. The second electrolyte may be H2SO4. The ionically conductive membrane (409) that separates the anode compartment (401 ) and cathode compartment (400) may be an ion conductive polymer.
Industrial applicability:-
The hydrogen producing system and method using seawater according to the present invention are suitably applicable to the industrial production of hydrogen used in a wide variety of fields, including hydrogen fuel cells and various industries. Particularly, if the hydrogen producing system according to the present invention is installed together with a power source using hydrogen as fuel on a large - sized tanker or the like sailing the oceans, their accrues an advantage in point of refueling. Likewise, even if it is installed in seaside cities, seaside industrial areas, islands or ocean plants, it is possible to attain an effective utilization of energy.

Claims

I Claim
1 . An apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a. a cathode compartment adapted to retain a first electrolyte having a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source, and an outlet to collect the hydrogen produced during electrolysis.
b. an anode compartment adapted to retain a second electrolyte having an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source, and an outlet to collect oxygen produced during electrolysis; and
c. a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment.
2. An apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a. a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the compartment and exit through an outlet; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment the other end connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source and an outlet to collect the hydrogen produced during electrolysis;
b. an anode compartment adapted to retain a second electrolyte having an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source and an outlet to collect oxygen produced during electrolysis; and
c. a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment.
3. An apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a first cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said first cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas a second cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet, a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said second cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; wherein the said first cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionically conductive membrane and the anode compartment is in ionic communication with the second compartment through an ionically conductive membrane.
4. An apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; an anode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a second electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas; wherein the said cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , 2, 3 or 4 wherein the said cathode is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , 2, 3 or 4 wherein the said anode is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , 2, 3 or 4 wherein the said first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , 2, 3 or 4 wherein the said first electrolyte may be seawater.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , 2, 3 or 4 wherein the said second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , 2, wherein the said ionic solution may be salt solution other than sodium chloride.
1 1 . An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , 2, 3 or 4 wherein the said ionically conductive membrane may be an ion conductive polymer
12. A process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of:
a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus comprising of: a cathode compartment filled with a first electrolyte a direct current source; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of the direct current source an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment;
b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in the anode compartment
13. A process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of:
a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the compartment and exit through an outlet a direct current source; a cathode, one end of which is placed inside the said cathode compartment, the other end connected to the negative terminal of the direct current source an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode, one end of which is placed inside the said anode compartment, the other end connected to a positive terminal of the direct current source a bridge having two ends closed by an ionic conductive membrane filled with an ionic conductive salt solution, wherein one end of the bridge is immersed in the first electrolyte in the cathode compartment and the other end immersed in the second electrolyte in the anode compartment;
b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in the anode compartment
14. A process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of:
a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of a first cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said first cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas an anode compartment filled with a second electrolyte; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas a second cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of an electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet, a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said second cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; wherein the said first cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane and the anode compartment is in ionic communication with the second compartment through an ionic conductive membrane;
b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in the anode compartment.
15. A process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of:
a. electrolyzing a first electrolyte in an apparatus for electrolytically producing hydrogen comprising of: a cathode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a first electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; a cathode connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source fixed inside the said cathode compartment and an outlet for exit of hydrogen gas; an anode compartment having an inlet for continuous flow of a second electrolyte through the said compartment and exit through an electrolyte outlet; an anode connected to a positive terminal of a direct current source and an outlet for exit of oxygen gas; wherein the said cathode compartment is in an ionic communication with the anode compartment through an ionic conductive membrane; b. collecting hydrogen produced in the cathode compartment; and c. collecting oxygen produced in the anode compartment
16. A process as claimed in claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 wherein the said cathode is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
17. A process as claimed in claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 wherein the said anode is an electrically conductive material like carbon, platinum or the like.
18. A process as claimed in claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 wherein the said first electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline with hydrogen as one of the element.
19. A process as claimed in claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 wherein the said first electrolyte may be seawater.
20. A process as claimed in claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 wherein the said second electrolyte may be an acid or alkaline without chlorine element.
21 . A process as claimed in claim 12 or 13 wherein the said ionic solution may be salt solution other than sodium chloride.
22. A process as claimed in claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 wherein the said ionically conductive membrane may be an ion conductive polymer.
PCT/IB2014/067343 2013-12-31 2014-12-26 Apparatus for producing hydrogen using sea water without evolution of chlorine and method thereof WO2015101914A1 (en)

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US10316416B2 (en) * 2014-07-16 2019-06-11 Rodolfo Antonio M. Gomez Diaphragm type electrolytic cell and a process for the production of hydrogen from unipolar electrolysis of water
CN114411162A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-04-29 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water through double electrolytic tanks

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CA2124616A1 (en) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-01 Kazuhiro Miyamae Apparatus for producing electrolyzed water
US20070163877A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Sanford Brown Apparatus and method for generating hydrogen from water
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US10316416B2 (en) * 2014-07-16 2019-06-11 Rodolfo Antonio M. Gomez Diaphragm type electrolytic cell and a process for the production of hydrogen from unipolar electrolysis of water
CN114411162A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-04-29 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water through double electrolytic tanks

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