WO2015101134A1 - 一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置及其方法 - Google Patents

一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015101134A1
WO2015101134A1 PCT/CN2014/093117 CN2014093117W WO2015101134A1 WO 2015101134 A1 WO2015101134 A1 WO 2015101134A1 CN 2014093117 W CN2014093117 W CN 2014093117W WO 2015101134 A1 WO2015101134 A1 WO 2015101134A1
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Prior art keywords
dosing
flow rate
valve
metering
liquid level
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PCT/CN2014/093117
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李晟贤
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北京浩博万维科技有限公司
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Application filed by 北京浩博万维科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京浩博万维科技有限公司
Priority to CA2935593A priority Critical patent/CA2935593C/en
Priority to AU2014375677A priority patent/AU2014375677B2/en
Priority to EP14877152.0A priority patent/EP3095753B1/en
Priority to US15/109,543 priority patent/US10203702B2/en
Priority to EA201691373A priority patent/EA031408B1/ru
Publication of WO2015101134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015101134A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/02—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/062—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by mixing components
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/068—Well heads; Setting-up thereof having provision for introducing objects or fluids into, or removing objects from, wells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dosing device and a method, in particular to a dosing device and a method thereof for facilitating the metering and adjustment of a medicament. It can be applied to various systems that require functional chemicals such as gas wells, oil wells, pipelines, and facilities.
  • fluid passages such as gas wells, oil wells, water wells, gas pipelines, oil pipelines, water pipelines, pipe fittings, and meters
  • chemical agents commonly known as pharmaceuticals
  • dosing In order to ensure that natural gas wells and natural gas pipelines do not form hydrate clogging, domestic methods of adding hydrate inhibitors such as methanol are usually adopted in China; in order to reduce corrosion and scale of gas pipelines, oil pipelines, water pipelines and pipe fittings, it is usually adopted in China.
  • Corrosion inhibitors in order to solve the problem of crude oil physical properties affecting oil well production, domestic oil and gas additives such as viscosity reducers, pour point depressants and wax removers are usually added to oil wells; Domestically, demulsifiers are usually added to crude oil pipelines or dehydrators; in order to treat oilfield wastewater, flocculants and degreasers are usually added to sewage pipelines or sewage treatment systems in China;
  • the dosing device and dosing method for the flow channel in China include a metering pump dosing method, a dosing tank (commonly known as a dosing bag) dosing method, and a dosing tank dosing method is further divided into a small dosing tank cycle dosing
  • the method of continuous addition of the method and the balanced dosing tank (commonly known as the gravity tank dosing method) has different defects.
  • the method uses a metering pump to add a functional chemical to the flow channel, which has the following drawbacks:
  • the method has large energy consumption and large fixed investment, and it is necessary to construct a special dosing pump room or a mobile dosing device.
  • the gas well in the gas field needs to continuously add methanol 24 hours a day. If continuous rainy weather occurs, the solar panel cannot supply power to the metering pump.
  • the metering pump such as the plunger pump and diaphragm pump used in the method has moving parts, which is easy to cause operational failure, and requires high energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs to maintain operation.
  • the method uses a dosing tank with an effective volume of less than 10 liters to periodically add functional chemicals into a gas well, an oil well, an oil and gas pipeline, and the like.
  • the dosing device generally comprises a dosing tank 100, a dosing line 101, an upper valve 102, a lower valve 103 and a bell mouth 104;
  • the dosing tank 100 used in the method is light in weight and is generally vertically mounted on
  • the upper part of the flow channel 105 can self-flow the functional chemical in the dosing tank 100 into the flow channel 105 by its own gravity; the method has the following drawbacks:
  • the dosing tank used in this method has a small effective volume and does not have a pressure balance pipe. It cannot meet the production requirements of continuous gas supply of gas wells, oil well casings, natural gas pipelines, etc. 24 hours a day, and can only be used for the periodicity of the flow channel. Dosing.
  • the dosing tank 100 in the small dosing tank cycle dosing method has no pressure equalizing pipe, and if the dosing line 101 in the lower portion of the dosing tank 100 has a small inner diameter or a lower valve 103 The opening degree is small.
  • the medicament in the dosing tank 100 flows into the flow channel 105, the gas in the flow channel 105 hardly rises into the dosing tank 100, and the dosing tank 100 forms a certain degree of vacuum, resulting in a certain degree of vacuum.
  • the medicament in the tank cannot flow into the flow channel 105; if the inner diameter of the dosing line 101 in the lower portion of the dosing tank 100 is large or the opening degree of the lower valve 103 is large, the chemical in the dosing tank 100 will flow in quickly.
  • the flow path 105 is difficult to achieve continuous dosing purposes.
  • the functional chemical dose added to the gas well or natural gas pipeline is usually relatively large.
  • methanol is added to the gas well or gas gathering pipeline every day to 30 to 200 liters/day; the effective volume is less than 10 liters.
  • the canister can only be used for periodic dosing of gas wells and natural gas pipelines.
  • the method must first vent the gas in the dosing tank before adding the drug to the flow channel by using the dosing tank, which not only has safety hazards, but also has high labor intensity.
  • valve 102 in the upper portion of the dosing tank must be opened, and the gas in the dosing tank 100 is emptied before the new chemical agent can be added to the dosing tank. 100. Then, the upper valve 102 of the dosing tank 100 must be closed, and the lower tank valve 103 of the dosing tank must be opened to allow the chemical agent in the dosing tank 100 to flow into the flow channel 105.
  • the dosing tank used in the method does not set a liquid level meter or a flow meter, and can not measure the flow of the functional chemical agent flowing out of the dosing tank.
  • the operator can only judge the filling tank liquid level by personal feeling and experience. Adjust the flow of functional chemicals with personal experience.
  • the dosing device generally includes a dosing tank 200 (with a liquid level gauge 201), a support 202, a dosing line 203, a pressure equalization line 204, a flow meter 205, and a valve 206;
  • the dosing tank used in the method 200 is heavier and difficult to install directly on the flow channel 207, generally installed near the gas well, oil well, and pipeline;
  • the working principle and dosing process of the method is: using the bracket 202 to make the bottom of the dosing tank 200 higher than the flow channel 207, the bottom of the dosing tank 200 is connected to the flow channel 207 by the dosing line 203, and the upper portion of the dosing tank 200 is connected to the flow channel 207 by the pressure equalization line 204.
  • the pressure in the dosing tank 200 is balanced with the pressure of the flow channel 207.
  • the dosing tank 200 used in the method is provided with a liquid level gauge 201, but the liquid level gauge 201 is only used to display the liquid level in the dosing tank (commonly known as the tank position), and the chemical agent which cannot flow out to the dosing tank Flow is measured, displayed, and adjusted.
  • the public information indicates that the liquid level gauge provided on the container (tank) is used to display the liquid level in the container (tank).
  • the liquid level gauge provided on the container (can) can be used for measuring and displaying the container ( The flow of liquid from the tank).
  • the gas field adopts a production process of continuously adding methanol to gas wells (or gas gathering pipelines) for 24 hours.
  • the dosage of methanol is generally 30-200 liters/day, which is equivalent to 1.25-8.3 liters of dosing flow. hour.
  • the gas field adopts a production process of continuously adding a hydrate inhibitor to a gas well (or a gas gathering pipeline) for 24 hours, and the hydrate inhibitor dosage is generally 5 to 30 liters/day, which is equivalent to the dosing flow rate. 0.2 to 1.25 liters / hour.
  • volumetric flowmeters such as gear flowmeters, lumbar flowmeters, rotary piston flowmeters, scraper flowmeters), impeller flowmeters (such as water meters, turbines).
  • Flowmeter differential pressure flowmeter, variable area flowmeter (such as float flowmeter, rotor flowmeter), momentum flowmeter, impulse flowmeter, electromagnetic flowmeter, ultrasonic flowmeter, fluid oscillation flowmeter ( Filters such as vortex flowmeters, vortex flowmeters, and Coriolis mass flowmeters are required.
  • the differential pressure flowmeter needs to use the throttling to generate the pressure difference, and the range and precision are directly related to the viscosity and density of the measured liquid; the balanced dosing tank continuous dosing method relies on gravity self-flow dosing.
  • the pressure difference that can be generated is extremely limited, and the pressure difference required by the differential pressure flowmeter cannot be satisfied, and the effective measurement cannot be performed.
  • the viscosity of the functional chemical agent is greatly varied, and the density difference is also large, such as the density of methanol is 0.8 g/cm3, and the resistance is
  • the density of the scale can reach 1.1g/cm3, and the hydrate inhibitor can reach 1.5g/cm3.
  • this type of flowmeter cannot carry out dosing flow metering on Jingbian gas field gas well with methanol flow rate of 30-200 liters/day, and can not add flow rate of 5-30 liters to hydrate inhibitor.
  • the momentum flowmeter, the impulse flowmeter, the vortex flowmeter, the vortex flowmeter, and the Coriolis mass flowmeter all require that the flow rate of the measured medium should not be too low, the vortex flowmeter, the swirl flow. It is also required that the flow rate of the measured medium must be greater than the flow rate of the laminar flow; the range and accuracy of the flow meter are directly related to the viscosity and density of the liquid to be tested. If the flow rate of the functional chemical is measured by the flow meter, it is necessary to treat each chemical agent. Re-calibration calibration, otherwise it will produce huge measurement error; the domestic known dosing line has an inner diameter of 10mm, and the methanol flow rate is 30/day.
  • the flow rate is 4.4mm/sec, which cannot meet the required test medium for this type of flowmeter.
  • the minimum flow rate requirement cannot be effectively measured; therefore, this type of flowmeter cannot carry out the dosing flow rate on the Jingbian gas field gas well with a methanol flow rate of 30-200 liters/day, and it is not possible to fill the hydrate inhibitor with a flow rate of 5-30.
  • the liter/day extension gas field gas well is used for dosing flow metering.
  • the ultrasonic flowmeter cannot carry out the dosing flow rate on the Jingbian gas field gas well with a methanol flow rate below 150 liters/day, and it is impossible to fill the hydrate inhibitor with a flow rate of 5 ⁇ 30 liters/day of extended gas field gas wells for dosing flow metering.
  • the range and accuracy of the float flowmeter are directly related to the liquid to be tested, and are calibrated with clear water at the time of shipment; if the flow of the functional chemical is measured by the float flowmeter, it is necessary to The chemical agent is recalibrated and calibrated, otherwise it will cause huge measurement error; the minimum range of the float flowmeter is known to be 2.5 liters/hour (equivalent to 60 liters/day), so the float flowmeter cannot flow methanol at 60 liters.
  • the Jingbian gas field gas well below / day is used for dosing flow metering, and it is not possible to add hydration inhibitor flow rate to the extended gas field gas well with a flow rate of 5 to 30 liters/day.
  • the tipping type metering separator is often used for oil well production measurement, the minimum range is 1000 liters/day, and the metering flow rate of the Jingbian gas field gas well with methanol flow rate of 30-200 liters/day cannot be performed, and it is impossible to
  • the hydrate inhibitor is filled with an extended gas field gas well with a flow rate of 5 to 30 liters/day for dosing flow metering; there is no application example or public information for the tipping type metering separator with a minimum range of less than 1000 liters/day.
  • the continuous dosing method of the balanced dosing tank adopts a manual method to adjust the dosing flow rate, that is, according to the instantaneous flow rate data of the flow meter on the dosing line, the method of manually adjusting the opening degree of the valve is used to increase or decrease the addition.
  • the flow rate of the drug therefore, when the flow meter on the dosing line cannot effectively and accurately display the instantaneous dosing flow rate, the operator cannot use the flow meter to adjust the valve opening degree, and can only be used according to the dosing tank level gauge within the unit time.
  • the liquid level reduction value adjusts the valve opening degree; if the cross-sectional area of the dosing tank is large and the dosing flow rate is small, the operator needs a long time to adjust the valve to the required opening degree, which takes a long time to be The dosing flow is adjusted to the required flow rate.
  • the effective volume of the dosing tank should not be too small, in order to reduce the number and cost of adding 1.25 liters of methanol to the chemical tank.
  • the horizontal cylindrical dosing tank with an inner diameter of 400mm and a length of 1500mm can be continuously added to the gas well at a dosing flow rate of 1.25 liters/hour (ie 30 liters/day).
  • Methanol for 6 days it is also possible to use a vertical cylindrical dosing tank with an inner diameter of 800 mm and a height of 500 mm (effective volume greater than 250 liters, cross-sectional area 0.5 m2), capable of doping at 1.25 liters/hour (ie 30 liters/day)
  • the flow rate continuously adds methanol to the gas well for 8 days; because the existing known flow meter in China cannot measure the flow rate of methanol with a dosing flow rate of 1.25 liters/hour (ie 30 liters/day), the operator can only adjust the liquid level according to the dosing tank.
  • the liquid level reduction value in the unit time is adjusted to adjust the valve opening degree; it is known from the knowledge in the art that when the liquid level meter reading value is less than 5 mm, the operator's eye or ultrasonic level gauge is difficult to accurately determine the liquid level change. Judgment; vertical cylindrical addition with an inner diameter of 800 mm and a height of 500 mm The liquid level of the canister is reduced by 5 mm, and it is known from the calculation of the known knowledge that the dosing tank flows out.
  • the functional chemical dose is 3 liters, and the time for the 1.25 liter/hour dosing flow is 2.4 hours; therefore, the operator needs to wait 2.4 hours after adjusting the valve opening degree to judge whether the adjusted valve opening degree is reasonable or not.
  • the valve opening adjustment must have a large blindness, so the operator can only open the valve in a short time according to the level gauge indication. Adjusting the degree to a reasonable position, it is impossible to adjust the dosing flow rate to a reasonable flow rate in a short time, but it takes a long time to adjust the success; according to the need of 3 adjustment calculations, the operator needs to work 7.2 hours to adjust the dosing flow rate. To the required flow. It is known from the knowledge in the art that the situation of large changes in gas production parameters often occurs.
  • the gas well needs to increase the methanol dosing flow rate due to changes in production parameters, the methanol flow rate cannot be increased to the required dosing flow rate of the gas well within one hour, and hydration occurs. If the gas well needs to reduce the methanol dosing flow rate due to changes in production parameters, the methanol flow rate cannot be reduced to the required dosing flow rate of the gas well within 1 hour, which will cause methanol waste and increase. Gas well production cost; therefore, this method of manually adjusting the dosing flow greatly increases the labor intensity of the operator, which brings great difficulty to the gas well management, and cannot meet the production needs of the gas well, pipeline and other flow passages to quickly adjust the dosing flow. .
  • the effective volume of the dosing tank should not be too small, so that the gas field gas well can be continuously added with a hydrate inhibitor of 0.5 liter/hour (ie, 12 liters/day).
  • the inhibitor of the substance is 15 days; it is known from the art that when the change of the reading level of the liquid level gauge is less than 2 mm, it is difficult for the operator's eye or ultrasonic level gauge to make an accurate judgment on the liquid level change; the inner diameter is 400 mm and the length is 1500 mm.
  • the horizontal cylindrical dosing tank is reduced by a 2 mm level gauge with a maximum cross-sectional area of 0.6 m 2 , and the functional chemical dose of the dosing tank is 1.2 liters, and the time for the 0.5 liter/hour dosing flow is 2.4 hours. Therefore, the operator needs to wait 2.4 hours after adjusting the valve opening degree to judge whether the adjusted valve opening degree is reasonable, and can judge whether the dosing flow rate is reasonable; since the operator does not have the flow meter data guidance, the valve opening degree adjustment is inevitable There is a lot of blindness, so the operator can only adjust the valve opening to a reasonable position at one time according to the liquid level indicator.
  • the flow rate of the hydrate inhibitor cannot be increased to the required dosing flow rate of the gas well within one hour, and the production accident of the gas well blockage gas well and the pipeline may occur; on the contrary, if the gas well needs to be reduced due to the change of the production parameters
  • the flow rate of the hydrate inhibitor can not be reduced to the required dosing flow rate of the gas well within one hour, which will result in waste of the hydrate inhibitor and increase the production cost of the gas well; therefore, this manual adjustment dosing
  • the method of flow greatly increases the labor intensity of the operator, which brings great difficulty to the gas well management and cannot be satisfied. Runner wells, pipelines and other requirements of rapid adjustment of the dosing flow rate of production.
  • the flow meter 205 provided by the method can only be used for the dosage of the dosing flow, and the liquid level of the dosing tank cannot be displayed.
  • the above dosing device and its dosing method are inconvenient for metering and conditioning when adding a functional chemical agent for a small flow rate.
  • Fluid in the present invention means that a gas phase fluid (such as natural gas), a liquid phase fluid (such as water), a gas-liquid mixed fluid (such as oil and gas), a solid-liquid mixed fluid (such as a flocculant-water mixture), etc.
  • a gas phase fluid such as natural gas
  • a liquid phase fluid such as water
  • a gas-liquid mixed fluid such as oil and gas
  • a solid-liquid mixed fluid such as a flocculant-water mixture
  • the "wellhead” in the present invention also known as a gas tree or a production tree, refers to an upright portion of a gas well or an oil well exposed to the ground, and is generally provided with a pipe, a pressure gauge, a four-way pipe and the like, and an oil pipe and a casing outlet.
  • tubing pressure in the present invention refers to the pressure displayed by the gas wellhead or the oil wellhead pressure gauge, which is the pressure at which the oil and gas fluid emerges from the wellhead oil pipe.
  • the "casing pressure" in the present invention generally referred to as sleeve pressure, refers to the pressure displayed by the gas wellhead or the oil wellhead casing pressure gauge.
  • the "agent” in the present invention is a common name for a functional chemical agent, and is generally in a liquid state or a fluid state under normal temperature and pressure, and is sometimes referred to as a drug.
  • the "dosing" in the present invention is a common name for adding a functional chemical agent in the art, and sometimes refers to a process of adding a liquid chemical agent into a tubing, a casing, and a pipeline.
  • the "dosing amount” in the present invention is an abbreviation for adding a functional chemical dose, and sometimes also refers to a dosing flow rate.
  • the "dosing flow rate” in the present invention is an abbreviation of the functional chemical agent flow rate, and generally refers to a functional chemical agent volume flow rate.
  • the "dosing tank" in the present invention commonly referred to as a medicine adding bag, refers to a container containing a functional chemical agent in a dosing device, and sometimes refers to a dosing device that uses a "dosing" of a container.
  • Tube in the present invention means a part capable of connecting pipes into a pipe, such as an elbow, a flange, a tee, a four-way pipe, a size head, a wire head, a slip knot, a pipe hoop, and a Y-shaped pipe joint.
  • a pipe such as an elbow, a flange, a tee, a four-way pipe, a size head, a wire head, a slip knot, a pipe hoop, and a Y-shaped pipe joint.
  • X-type pipe joints, quick joints, valves, etc. sometimes referred to as flow meters, pressure gauges, etc.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dosing device for facilitating the metering and adjustment of a medicament; the dosing device overcomes the defects of the existing dosing device and can effectively solve the dosing flow rate of the existing dosing device
  • the measurement and adjustment problems can simplify the dosing device and the dosing process, save the dosage, and reduce the cost of the dosing device and the management workload; It has the advantages of easy implementation, safe and reliable, wide application and easy promotion.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a flow metering and adjusting method for the above device; the method overcomes the defects of the flow metering of the existing dosing device, and can effectively solve the flow metering and adjustment existing in the existing device.
  • the problem can simplify the dosing process, save the dosage, reduce the cost of the dosing device and the management workload; it has the advantages of easy implementation, safety and reliability, wide application, easy promotion and so on.
  • the first technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a dosing device for facilitating metering and adjustment of medicaments comprising a dosing tank, a first flow channel, a second flow channel, a third flow channel, a metering flow channel, an on-off valve, a regulating valve and a pressure guiding port;
  • the upper or top portion of the dosing tank is connected to the upper portion or the top portion of the metering flow passage through the first flow passage;
  • a lower portion or a bottom portion of the dosing tank is connected to a lower portion or a bottom portion of the metering flow passage through a second flow passage, and an opening and closing valve is disposed on the second flow passage;
  • the bottom or lower portion of the metering flow passage is connected to the regulating valve through a third flow passage;
  • a pressure guiding port is arranged on the upper part or the top of the medicine adding tank
  • the metering flow passage has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the dosing tank.
  • the dosing tank is used to store a functional chemical.
  • the dosing tank is a closed container, which may be made of metal or non-metal; it may be a vertical container or a horizontal container, and may be a high pressure container or a medium and low pressure container; Drug safety requirements and production needs.
  • a person skilled in the art can determine the specific structure, form, material, design pressure, effective volume, etc. of the dosing tank according to the prior art means, and can determine that the upper or top of the dosing tank is connected with the first flow channel and the pressure guiding port.
  • the specific position, the connection form, and the connection method can determine the specific position, connection form, and connection method of the lower or bottom portion of the dosing tank communicating with the second flow path, and the dosing tank can be made by using the prior art.
  • the first flow passage is for maintaining a pressure balance of the upper space in the dosing tank and the metering flow passage.
  • the second flow passage is used for discharging the functional chemical agent, and is used for balancing the dosing tank liquid level and the metering flow channel liquid level; the opening and closing valve can open and close the second flow path.
  • the metering flow channel is used for metering the flow rate through the regulating valve; in the present invention, in order to meter the flow rate of the functional chemical agent passing through the regulating valve in a short time, the cross-sectional area of the metering flow channel must be required to be small, and the measuring flow path is The cross-sectional area should meet the requirements of the operator to obtain the flow data in the measuring flow channel in a short time. As a person skilled in the art, the cross-sectional area suitable for the measurement can be selected according to the needs.
  • the third flow passage is for communicating with the regulating valve. The regulating valve is used to adjust the dosing flow rate, and at the same time externally connect the system piping that needs to be dosed.
  • the pressure tap is used to introduce pressure into the dosing tank.
  • the flow resistance of the functional chemical from the dosing tank through the second flow passage, the on-off valve to the regulating valve and the flow resistance from the self-metering flow passage to the regulating valve through the third flow passage should be substantially the same.
  • the flow passage is an abbreviation of a fluid passage, and refers to a passage through which a fluid flows; and may be any one of a pipeline, a pipe member, a tunnel, a through hole, or a combination of any two or more of which is provided with a fluid passage therein. .
  • the first flow channel, the second flow channel, and the third flow channel are any one or more than two types of pipelines, tubes, holes, through holes, mechanical parts, and mechanical assemblies having fluid passages therein.
  • a combination of metal or non-metallic materials such as high-pressure hoses); valves, flanges, and threads can be placed at one or both ends; the design pressure should not be lower than the design pressure of the dosing tank and metering runner.
  • connection form, the connection method, the flow path can be purchased from the market or the flow path can be made by using prior art means.
  • the metering flow channel is any one of a pipeline, a pipe member, a tunnel, a through hole, a mechanical component, a mechanical assembly, or a combination of any two or more, in which a fluid passage is provided.
  • the metering flow channel may be made of a metal or non-metal material; the top and bottom of the metering flow channel may have a sealing member such as a blind plate, a flange, a valve, a thread, etc.; the metering flow channel shall be capable of being installed upright or vertically It should be able to directly or indirectly display the liquid level of the metering flow channel; its design pressure should not be lower than the design pressure of the dosing tank.
  • those skilled in the art can determine the specific structure, form, material, and design pressure of the metering flow channel according to the prior art, and can determine the structural form, sealing form, and sealing method at both ends of the metering flow channel;
  • the specific connection position, the connection form, and the connection method of the upper or the top of the metering flow channel communicating with the first flow channel can be determined, and the specific connection position and connection form of the lower or bottom portion of the metering flow channel and the second flow channel can be determined.
  • connection method a specific connection position, a connection form, a connection method for connecting the bottom or lower portion of the metering flow path with the third flow path; a liquid level measurement or display method capable of determining the measurement flow path; capable of purchasing from the market
  • the metering flow path can be made using prior art means.
  • the ultrasonic level gauge can accurately measure the liquid level in the vertical or vertical metal tube; when the vertical tube is made of transparent plastic or quartz, the liquid level can be directly observed.
  • the metering flow channel is a glass tube level gauge, a glass plate level gauge, a color quartz tube level gauge or a sight glass level gauge.
  • the metering flow channel is a magnetic float made by the principle of buoyancy and magnetic coupling.
  • the metering flow channel is a remote-transmitting magnetic float type liquid level meter made by using a buoyancy principle, a magnetic coupling function, and a sensor, a transmitter, and a display instrument.
  • the metering flow path comprises a flanged housing, a flanged magnetic float liquid level transmitter, an upper interface, a lower interface and a bottom interface, the magnetic
  • the lower end of the float level transmitter extends to the lower part of the housing; both can be made of metal or non-metal. It is known from the art that a magnetic float level transmitter can convert a liquid level into a standard electrical signal and transmit it remotely.
  • the metering flow path comprises a threaded housing, a threaded static pressure level transmitter, an upper interface, a lower interface and a bottom interface, the static pressure type
  • the lower end of the level transmitter extends to the lower part of the housing; both can be made of metal or non-metal.
  • the static pressure level transmitter may be a magnetostrictive level transmitter. It is known from the knowledge in the art that the static pressure type liquid level transmitter can convert the liquid level into a standard electric signal and transmit it remotely; when the liquid level can change rapidly, the static pressure type liquid level transmitter can effectively measure the liquid level. .
  • the metering flow path comprises a casing, a pressure transmitter, an upper interface, a lower interface and a bottom interface, and the pressure transmitter is disposed at a lower portion or a bottom of the casing; They can all be made of metal or non-metal. It is known from the art that the pressure transmitter can convert the liquid level into a standard electrical signal and transmit it remotely; when the liquid level can change rapidly, the pressure transmitter can effectively measure the liquid level.
  • the metering flow path comprises a casing, a pressure gauge, an upper interface, a lower interface and a bottom interface, the pressure gauge being arranged at a lower part or a bottom of the casing; both of which may be made of metal or non-metal.
  • the liquid column pressure and the liquid column height (ie, the liquid level)
  • the corresponding liquid level can be quickly calculated after the pressure gauge reading and the liquid density (or specific gravity) are known.
  • the pressure gauge can effectively measure the liquid level.
  • the metering flow path comprises a casing, a magnetic float, an upper interface, a lower interface, a bottom interface and a colored iron powder
  • the magnetic float is disposed in the casing
  • the colored iron powder is disposed outside the casing and the magnetic float The corresponding position of the child.
  • the working principle is: when the magnetic float rises or falls with the liquid level, the colored iron powder on the outer wall of the casing rises or falls, and the liquid level can be indicated.
  • the design pressure of the regulating valve should not be lower than the design pressure of the metering flow channel, and the known valves such as the gate valve, the needle valve, the globe valve, the ball valve and the butterfly valve can be used as the regulating valve; There are many forms, such as pipe thread connection, flange connection, slip joint thread connection, or the valve can be directly welded or bonded to the pipeline.
  • the pressure guiding port is a pipeline, a pipe member, a hole, a through hole, a mechanical component, and a fluid passage provided therein.
  • those skilled in the art can determine the specific structure, form, material, design pressure and structural form of the port according to the prior art, and can determine one end of the pressure port and the dosing tank.
  • the specific connection position, the connection form, and the connection method of the connection can be purchased from the market or the pressure port can be made by a prior art means.
  • the dosing tank is provided with a safety valve, and the safety valve is disposed at the top or the upper portion of the dosing tank.
  • the dosing tank is provided with a pressure gauge or a pressure transmitter.
  • the dosing tank is provided with a venting interface, and the venting interface is disposed at the top or the upper portion of the dosing tank.
  • the dosing tank is provided with a sewage outlet.
  • the dosing tank is provided with a tonic interface.
  • the second technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a dosing device for facilitating metering and adjustment of medicaments comprising a dosing tank, a first flow channel, a second flow channel, a third flow channel, a metering flow channel, an on-off valve, a regulating valve and a pressure guiding port;
  • the upper or top portion of the dosing tank is connected to the upper portion or the top portion of the metering flow passage through the first flow passage;
  • the bottom or lower portion of the metering flow passage is connected to the regulating valve through a third flow passage;
  • the bottom or bottom of the dosing tank is connected to the third flow passage through a second flow passage, and the second flow passage is provided with an on-off valve;
  • a pressure guiding port is arranged on the upper part or the top of the medicine adding tank
  • the metering flow passage has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the dosing tank.
  • the third technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a dosing device for facilitating metering and adjustment of medicaments comprising a dosing tank, a partition, a first flow passage, a second flow passage, a third flow passage, an on-off valve, a regulating valve and a pressure guiding port;
  • the inside of the dosing tank is divided into a drug storage chamber and a metering chamber by a partition, and the upper portion of the drug storage chamber and the metering chamber are communicated by a first flow channel, and the cross-sectional area of the metering chamber is much smaller than the cross section of the drug storage chamber area;
  • the bottom of the metering chamber is connected to the regulating valve through a third flow passage;
  • the bottom of the drug storage chamber is connected to the third flow channel through a second flow channel, and the second flow channel is provided with an on-off valve;
  • a pressure tap is provided on the upper or top of the dosing tank.
  • the partition serves to isolate the liquid in the metering chamber and the reservoir; the first channel serves as a balance metering chamber and a reservoir The role of stress.
  • the metering chamber is a side-by-side cavity that is separated from the drug storage chamber by a partition; more preferably, the metering chamber is a medicine chamber package separated by more than two partitions.
  • the clip-on cavity of the clip, the bottom of the cavity should be shared with the bottom or tank wall of the dosing tank, or at least one of the façades should be shared with the tank wall of the dosing tank.
  • the metering chamber is a separate chamber disposed within the dosing tank separated by a baffle.
  • the first flow channel, the second flow channel, and the third flow channel are any one or more than two types of pipelines, tubes, holes, through holes, mechanical parts, and mechanical assemblies having fluid passages therein.
  • the combination of the first flow path functions to balance the metering chamber and the reservoir pressure.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the metering chamber is of a regular geometry; the cross-sectional area of the metering chamber from top to bottom is equivalent; the cross-sectional area of the metering chamber should be sufficient to quickly measure the change in liquid level.
  • those skilled in the art can determine the specific geometry, cross-sectional area, and geometric dimensions of the metering chamber according to prior art means.
  • the metering chamber has a cross section that is square, rectangular or circular.
  • a pressure transmitter is disposed on the outer side wall of the lower or bottom portion of the metering chamber. It is known from the art that there is a linear proportional relationship between the liquid column pressure and the liquid column height (ie, the liquid level). After the pressure gauge reading and the liquid density (or specific gravity) are known, the corresponding liquid level can be quickly calculated; therefore, when When the liquid level can change rapidly, the pressure transmitter can effectively measure the liquid level.
  • a magnetic float transmitter is disposed in the metering chamber of the dosing tank; more preferably, the magnetic float transmitter includes a baffle, a magnetic float, and a detecting conduit And transmitter. It is known from the art that the use of a magnetic float transducer to detect the level of liquid in a closed container is a well established method in the art.
  • a static pressure type liquid level transmitter is disposed in the metering chamber of the dosing tank; more preferably, the static pressure type liquid level transmitter is magnetically induced Telescopic level transmitter. It is known from the art that the use of a static pressure level transmitter to detect the liquid level in a closed container is a well established method in the art.
  • a pressure gauge is arranged on the outer side wall of the lower or bottom of the metering chamber of the dosing tank. It is known from the art that there is a linear proportional relationship between the liquid column pressure and the liquid column height (ie, the liquid level). After the pressure gauge reading and the liquid density (or specific gravity) are known, the corresponding liquid level can be quickly calculated; therefore, when Liquid level can change quickly When the pressure is changed, the pressure gauge can effectively measure the liquid level.
  • the flow metering and adjusting method of the above device of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • the gas well is composed of casing and oil pipe, and the pressure of the gas well casing is inevitably much higher than the pressure of the gas well pipe (some even exceed 10 MPa), and the pressure of the gas well pipe is inevitably higher than that of the natural gas pipeline;
  • the pressure in the dosing tank is equivalent to the pressure of the gas well casing, which is inevitably higher than the pressure of the gas well oil pipe and the natural gas pipeline.
  • the functional chemical in the dosing tank can flow into the oil well pipe. In the natural gas pipeline.
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, and then open it. Close the valve until the liquid level in the metering flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, then close the on-off valve, collect the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculate the dosing flow rate of the drug, and determine whether the dosing flow rate is Satisfy the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow is too small, first increase the opening of the regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the metering flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, then close the on-off valve, collecting liquid a change value in the metering flow path and calculate a dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determine whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand;
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • the pressure guiding port on the dosing tank is connected with the compressed gas source by using an impulse line, and then the regulating valve is connected with the liquid flow channel by using a dosing line;
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • the compressed gas source may be a nitrogen gas bottle, a liquefied gas bottle, an oxygen cylinder, an acetylene bottle, a carbon dioxide gas tank, a compressed natural gas tank (such as CNG), an instrument wind, an air compressor, a pressure blower, an air pump, a mobile compressed gas.
  • a nitrogen gas bottle a liquefied gas bottle
  • an oxygen cylinder an acetylene bottle
  • a carbon dioxide gas tank such as CNG
  • a compressed natural gas tank such as CNG
  • an instrument wind such as CNG
  • an air compressor such as a pressure blower
  • an air pump a mobile compressed gas.
  • Any of source, liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, and liquefied gas such as LNG).
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • the flow metering and adjusting method of the above device of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • step 4) adopts the following steps: if the dosing flow rate is too large, first adjust the opening degree of the small regulating valve, then open the switching valve until the liquid level in the measuring flow path and the liquid level in the dosing tank are balanced, and then the switch is turned off.
  • the valve collects the change value of the liquid level in the metering flow path and calculates the dosing flow rate of the medicament, and determines whether the dosing flow rate satisfies the demand; conversely, if the dosing flow rate is too small, the opening degree of the regulating valve is first adjusted.
  • step 4) repeat step 4) until the dosing flow rate is adjusted to the required flow rate
  • the invention has the following advantages: the invention overcomes the defects of the prior drug adding device, can effectively solve the problem of the dosing flow metering and the adjustment problem existing in the existing drug adding device and the dosing method, and can simplify the dosing device and the dosing
  • the process can save the dosage, can reduce the cost of the dosing device and the management workload; and has the advantages of easy implementation, safety and reliability, wide application, easy promotion and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a dosing device used in a conventional small dosing tank cycle dosing method
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a dosing device used in a conventional balanced dosing tank continuous dosing method
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 1;
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic structural view of a metering flow passage in Embodiment 5;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a metering flow path in Embodiment 6;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a metering flow passage in Embodiment 7;
  • Embodiment 7 is a schematic structural view of a metering flow path in Embodiment 8.
  • Embodiment 8 is a schematic structural view of a metering flow path in Embodiment 9;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 10.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 11;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 12;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 13;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 14;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 15;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 16.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 17;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 18;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural view of a medicating device in Embodiment 19;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in the embodiment 20;
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in Embodiment 23;
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in the embodiment 24;
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in the embodiment 25;
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in Embodiment 26;
  • Figure 24 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in Embodiment 27;
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in Embodiment 28;
  • Figure 26 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in Embodiment 29;
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in the embodiment 30;
  • Figure 28 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in the embodiment 31;
  • Figure 29 is a schematic view showing the application structure of the medicating device in the embodiment 32.
  • a dosing device for facilitating drug metering and adjustment includes a dosing tank 300, a first flow channel 301, a second flow channel 302, a third flow channel 303, a metering flow channel 304, an on-off valve 305, Adjusting valve 306 and pressure port 307;
  • the upper portion of the dosing tank 300 is connected to the upper portion of the metering flow channel 304 through the first flow path 301;
  • the lower portion of the dosing tank 300 is connected to the lower portion of the metering flow channel 304 through the second flow channel 302, and the switching valve 305 is disposed on the second flow channel 302;
  • the bottom of the metering flow channel 304 is connected to the regulating valve 306 through the third flow channel 303;
  • the first flow channel 301, the second flow channel 302, and the third flow channel 303 are each selected from a stainless steel communication tube having a diameter of 5 mm, a pressure resistance of 32 MPa, and flanges at both ends;
  • the top of the dosing tank 300 is provided with a pressure guiding port 307;
  • the dosing tank 300 is a horizontal high pressure tank having a diameter of 400 mm, a length of 2000 mm, a design pressure of 32 MPa, and a sealing head sealed at both ends;
  • the metering flow channel 304 is a hollow tube made of stainless steel; the inner diameter of the measuring flow channel 304 is 20 mm, the length is 1000 mm, the design pressure is 32 MPa, and the upper and lower ends are welded and sealed; the upper side of the measuring flow channel 304 is welded 50 mm from the top 50 mm.
  • a stainless steel short tube for connecting the first flow passage 301; a lower portion of the metering flow passage 304 is welded with a 50 mm stainless steel short tube at a distance of 100 mm from the bottom for connecting the second flow passage 302; and a 50 mm stainless steel short tube is welded to the bottom of the metering flow passage 304. Used to connect the third flow channel 303;
  • the flow resistance of the functional chemical from the dosing tank 300 through the second flow path 302, the on-off valve 305 to the regulating valve 306 and the flow resistance from the metering flow path 304 to the regulating valve 306 via the third flow path 303 should be substantially the same. .
  • the cross-sectional area of the metering flow channel is much smaller than the transverse cross-sectional area of the dosing tank (about 2000 times smaller); the purpose of metering and adjusting the dosing flow rate can be satisfied in a short time.
  • Example 1 is repeated, except that the metering flow path 304 is a glass tube level gauge, a glass plate level gauge, a color quartz tube level gauge or a sight glass level gauge.
  • the metering flow path 304 is a glass tube level gauge, a glass plate level gauge, a color quartz tube level gauge or a sight glass level gauge.
  • Embodiment 1 is repeated, except that the metering flow path 304 is a magnetic float type liquid level meter or a magnetic sensitive electronic two-color liquid level meter which is formed by the buoyancy principle and magnetic coupling.
  • the metering flow path 304 is a magnetic float type liquid level meter or a magnetic sensitive electronic two-color liquid level meter which is formed by the buoyancy principle and magnetic coupling.
  • Embodiment 1 is repeated, except that the metering flow path 304 is a remote-transmitting magnetic float type liquid level gauge made by a buoyancy principle, a magnetic coupling function, and a sensor, a transmitter, and a display.
  • the metering flow path 304 is a remote-transmitting magnetic float type liquid level gauge made by a buoyancy principle, a magnetic coupling function, and a sensor, a transmitter, and a display.
  • Embodiment 1 is repeated, except that the metering flow path 304 includes a flanged housing 3041, a flanged magnetic float liquid level transmitter 3042, and an upper interface 3043.
  • the magnetic float level transmitter 3042 is capable of converting the level to a standard electrical signal and transmitting it remotely.
  • Example 1 is repeated, except that the metering flow path 304 includes a threaded housing 3141, a threaded static pressure level transmitter 3142, an upper interface 3143, and a lower interface. 3144 and bottom interface 3145,
  • the lower end of the static pressure type liquid level transmitter 3142 extends to the lower part of the housing 3141, and the upper part of the static pressure type liquid level transmitter 3142 is screwed with the top of the housing 3141; the static pressure type liquid level transmitter
  • the 3142 is a magnetostrictive level transmitter.
  • the static pressure level transmitter 3142 can convert the liquid level into a standard electrical signal and transmit it remotely; when the liquid level can change rapidly, the static pressure level transmitter 3142 can effectively measure the liquid level.
  • Example 1 is repeated, except that the metering flow path 304 includes a housing 3241, a pressure transmitter 3242, an upper interface 3243, a lower interface 3244, and a bottom interface 3245.
  • the feeder 3242 is disposed at a lower portion of the housing 3241.
  • the pressure transmitter 3242 can convert the liquid level into a standard electrical signal and transmit it remotely; when the liquid level can change rapidly, the pressure transmitter 3242 can effectively measure the liquid level.
  • Embodiment 1 is repeated, except that the metering flow path 304 includes a housing 3341, a pressure gauge 3342, an upper interface 3343, a lower interface 3344, and a bottom interface 3345, and the pressure gauge 3342 is set.
  • the pressure gauge 3342 At the lower portion of the housing 3341; after the pressure gauge 3342 reading and the liquid density (or specific gravity) are known, the corresponding liquid level can be quickly calculated. When the liquid level can change rapidly, the pressure gauge 3342 can effectively measure the liquid level.
  • the metering flow path 304 includes a housing 3441, a magnetic float 3442, an upper interface 3443, a lower interface 3444, a bottom interface 3445, and a colored iron powder 3446.
  • the magnetic float 3442 is disposed in the housing 3441, and the colored iron powder 3446 is disposed at a position corresponding to the outer wall of the housing 3441 and the magnetic float 3442.
  • the working principle is: when the magnetic float 3442 rises or falls with the liquid level, the colored iron powder 3446 on the outer wall of the casing 3441 rises or falls accordingly, and the liquid level can be indicated.
  • a dosing device for facilitating drug metering and adjustment includes a dosing tank 300, a first flow channel 301, a second flow channel 302, a third flow channel 303, a metering flow channel 304, an on-off valve 305, Adjusting valve 306 and pressure port 307;
  • the upper portion of the dosing tank 300 is connected to the top of the metering flow channel 304 through the first flow path 301;
  • the bottom of the metering flow channel 304 is connected to the regulating valve 306 through the third flow channel 303;
  • the lower portion of the dosing tank 300 is connected to the third flow channel 303 through the second flow channel 302, and the connection between the second flow channel 302 and the third flow channel 303 forms a three-way connection manner; the second flow channel 302 is Providing an on-off valve 305;
  • the first flow channel 301, the second flow channel 302, and the third flow channel 303 are each selected from a stainless steel communication tube having a diameter of 25 mm, a pressure resistance of 10 MPa, and flanges at both ends;
  • the top of the dosing tank 300 is provided with a pressure guiding port 307;
  • the dosing tank 300 is a horizontal medium pressure tank having a diameter of 2000 mm, a length of 4000 mm, a design pressure of 3 MPa, and a sealing head sealed at both ends;
  • the metering flow channel 304 is a hollow tube made of transparent plastic; the inner diameter of the measuring flow channel 304 is 10 mm, the length is 1000 mm, the design pressure is 5 MPa, and the upper and lower ends are bonded and sealed; the upper side of the measuring flow channel 304 is 50 mm away from the top.
  • a 50mm plastic short tube is connected for connecting the first flow path 301; a 50 mm plastic short tube is bonded to the bottom side of the metering flow path 304 at a distance of 100 mm from the bottom for connecting the second flow path 302; the bottom of the metering flow path 304 is bonded 50mm plastic short tube for connecting the third flow passage 303;
  • the cross-sectional area of the metering flow channel is much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the dosing tank (about 80,000 times smaller); the purpose of metering and adjusting the dosing amount can be satisfied in a short time.
  • Example 10 is repeated, except that the bottom of the dosing tank 300 is connected to the third flow path 303 through the second flow path 302.
  • a dosing device for facilitating drug metering and adjustment includes a dosing tank 300, a first flow channel 301, a second flow channel 302, a third flow channel 303, a metering flow channel 304, an on-off valve 305, Adjusting valve 306 and pressure port 307;
  • the top of the dosing tank 300 is connected to the upper portion of the metering flow channel 304 through the first flow path 301;
  • the bottom of the metering flow channel 304 is connected to the regulating valve 306 through the third flow channel 303;
  • the bottom of the dosing tank 300 is connected to the lower portion of the metering flow channel 304 through the second flow channel 302; the second flow channel 302 is provided with an on-off valve 305;
  • the first flow channel 301, the second flow channel 302, and the third flow channel 303 are all selected from stainless steel connecting tubes having a diameter of 10 mm, a withstand voltage of 5 MPa, and flanges at both ends;
  • the top of the dosing tank 300 is provided with a pressure guiding port 307;
  • the dosing tank 300 is a horizontal low-pressure tank, the tank body has a diameter of 1000 mm, a length of 2500 mm, a design pressure of 1 MPa, and the ends are sealed by a welded seal;
  • the metering flow passage 304 is a stainless steel hollow tube having an inner diameter of 15 mm, a length of 1800 mm, and a design pressure of 1 MPa; a 50 mm stainless steel short tube is welded to the upper side of the metering flow passage 304 at a distance of 50 mm from the top for connecting the first flow passage 301; The lower side of the 304 is welded with a 50mm stainless steel short tube at a distance of 100mm from the bottom for connecting the second flow passage 302; the bottom of the metering flow passage 304 is welded with a 50mm stainless steel short tube for connecting the third flow passage 303;
  • the cross-sectional area of the metering flow channel is much smaller than the transverse cross-sectional area of the dosing tank (about 10,000 times smaller); the purpose of measuring and adjusting the dosing amount in a short time can be satisfied;
  • the top of the dosing tank 300 is provided with a safety valve 308;
  • the top of the dosing tank 300 is provided with a pressure gauge 309;
  • the top of the dosing tank 300 is provided with a venting interface 310;
  • the bottom of the dosing tank 300 is provided with a sewage outlet 311;
  • a tonic interface 312 is provided on the dosing tank 300.
  • a dosing device for facilitating drug metering and adjustment includes a dosing tank 400, a first flow path 401, a second flow path 402, a third flow path 403, a partition 404, an on-off valve 405, and an adjustment.
  • the dosing tank 300 is a horizontal low-pressure rectangular parallelepiped tank, the length of the tank body is 2500 mm, the width of the tank body is 1000 mm, the height of the tank body is 1000 mm, and the design pressure is 1 MPa;
  • the inside of the dosing tank 400 is divided into a parallel storage chamber 408 and a metering chamber 409 by a partition 404; the metering chamber 409 has a rectangular cross section of 10 mm ⁇ 1000 mm from top to bottom; according to the above data Calculating, the cross-sectional area of the measuring chamber 409 is much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the drug storage chamber 408 (about 250 times); the purpose of measuring and adjusting the dosage in a short time can be satisfied;
  • the storage chamber 408 and the upper portion of the metering chamber 409 are communicated through the first flow channel 401.
  • the first flow channel 401 is a channel disposed on the partition plate;
  • the bottom of the metering chamber 409 is connected to the regulating valve 406 through the third flow passage 403;
  • the bottom of the drug storage chamber 408 is connected to the third flow channel 403 through the second flow channel 402; the second flow channel 402 is provided with an on-off valve 405;
  • a pressure guiding port 407 is arranged on the top of the dosing tank 400.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment is only a simple modification, essentially the additive tank and the metering flow channel are integrally configured; and the function of the drug storage chamber is provided by providing the partition plate. And the action is equivalent to the dosing tank in the above embodiment, so that the function and function of the metering chamber are equivalent to the metering flow channel in the above embodiment;
  • the dosing tank 300 is a horizontal high pressure tank having a diameter of 500 mm, a length of 2500 mm, a design pressure of 25 MPa, and a sealing head sealed at both ends;
  • the inside of the dosing tank 400 is divided into a drug storage cavity 408 and a metering cavity 409 by two partitions 404, and the distance between the two separators is 10 mm;
  • the metering chamber 409 is sandwiched by the left drug storage chamber 4081 and the right drug storage chamber 4082, and the bottom of the chamber is a part of the outer wall of the bottom of the medicine tank, that is, the bottom of the chamber is shared with the outer wall of the bottom of the medicine tank;
  • the metering cavity 409 has a rectangular cross section from top to bottom, and the largest cross section is 500 mm ⁇ 10 mm rectangle; according to the above data, the maximum cross sectional area of the metering cavity 409 is much smaller than the drug storage cavity 408.
  • the maximum cross-sectional area (about 250 times); can meet the purpose of measuring and adjusting the dosage in a short time;
  • the dosing tank 300 is a horizontal high-pressure tank, the tank body has a diameter of 1000 mm, a length of 2000 mm, a design pressure of 15 MPa, and the two ends are sealed by a welding head;
  • the metering chamber 409 is a 900 mm high independent chamber disposed in the dosing tank 400; the metering chamber 409 has a square shape of 10 ⁇ 10 mm from top to bottom, or a rectangle of 10 ⁇ 20 mm, or Round with a diameter of 20mm.
  • a pressure transmitter 4091 is disposed on the outer sidewall of the lower or bottom portion of the metering chamber 409. After the pressure transducer 4091 reading and liquid density (or specific gravity) are known, the corresponding liquid level can be quickly calculated; therefore, the pressure transmitter can effectively measure the liquid level when the liquid level can change rapidly.
  • the embodiment 13, 14 or 15 is repeated, except that the magnetic cavity transmitter 4092 is disposed in the measuring chamber 409; the magnetic float transmitter includes a baffle 40921 and a magnetic float. 40922, detection conduit 40923 and transmitter 40924.
  • the magnetic float transmitter 4092 can detect the liquid level in the metering chamber.
  • the embodiment 13, 14 or 15 is repeated, except that the metering chamber 409 is provided with a static pressure level transmitter 4093; the static pressure level transmitter 4093 It is a magnetostrictive level transmitter.
  • the static pressure level transmitter can detect the liquid level in the dense metering chamber.
  • a pressure gauge 4094 is provided on the outer side of the lower or bottom portion of the metering chamber 409. Quick gauge after known pressure gauge readings and liquid density (or specific gravity) Calculate the corresponding liquid level; therefore, when the liquid level can change rapidly, the pressure gauge can effectively measure the liquid level.
  • the flow metering and adjusting method of the apparatus of Embodiments 1-12 in the gas well tubing dosing process comprises the following steps:
  • the pressure guiding port 307 of the dosing tank 300 is connected to the gas well casing valve 503 by the pressure line 501, and then the regulating valve 306 of the dosing device is connected with the gas well oil pipe valve 504 by the dosing line 502;
  • Opening the on-off valve 305, the regulating valve 306, the gas well casing valve 503, the gas well tubing valve 504, the functional chemical in the dosing tank 300 will sequentially pass through the on-off valve 305, the metering flow channel 304 under the pressure of the gas well casing,
  • the regulating valve 306, the dosing line 502, and the gas well tubing valve 504 enter the gas well oil pipe; at the same time, the liquid level in the dosing tank 300 and the metering flow channel 304 automatically reaches equilibrium;
  • the gas well is composed of casing and oil pipe, and the pressure of the gas well casing is inevitably much higher than the pressure of the gas well pipe (some even exceed 10 MPa), and the pressure of the gas well pipe is inevitably higher than that of the natural gas pipeline;
  • the pressure line 501 connects the dosing tank 300 with the gas well casing valve 503
  • the pressure in the dosing tank 300 is equivalent to the pressure of the gas well casing, which is inevitably higher than the pressure of the gas well pipe and the natural gas pipeline 500, and the functional chemistry in the dosing tank 300
  • the agent can flow into the oil well pipe and the natural gas pipeline 500;
  • the on-off valve 305 When the on-off valve 305 is closed, the medicament in the dosing tank 300 stops flowing out, and the medicament in the metering flow passage 304 starts to enter the gas well tubing valve 504 through the regulating valve 306 and the dosing line 502, and the liquid level of the metering flow passage 304 is rapidly lowered; Measuring and recording the time required for the liquid level of the measuring flow channel 304 to decrease, the filling flow rate of the measuring flow channel 304 can be quickly calculated according to the known cross-sectional area (also referred to as the flow area) of the measuring flow channel 304;
  • the current dosing flow rate of the dosing tank 300 is quickly measured, and the opening degree of the regulating valve 306 is adjusted according to the size of the dosing amount; the metering and the adjusting step are repeated, and the dosing flow rate of the measuring flow channel 304 is adjusted to the The dosing flow is required; then the on-off valve 305 is opened and the medicament in the dosing tank 300 enters the gas well tubing valve 504 at the desired dosing flow.
  • the current dosing flow rate of the dosing tank 300 is quickly measured according to the metering flow path 304, and the opening degree of the regulating valve 306 is adjusted according to the size of the dosing amount; then the opening and closing valve 305 is opened until the liquid level of the measuring flow path 304 and the dosing tank 300 liquid The position is balanced, the switch valve 305 is closed again, and the dosing flow rate of the metering flow path 304 is quickly measured again; the metering and the adjusting step are repeated, and the dosing flow rate of the metering flow path 304 is adjusted to the required dosing flow rate; When 305 is opened, the medicament in the dosing tank 300 enters the gas well tubing valve 504 at the desired dosing flow rate.
  • the length of the dosing line 502 (generally above 10 meters); the flow resistance of the medicament from the dosing tank 300 into the metering channel 304 is negligible, and the dosing flow path of the metering channel 304 flows into the gas well tubing valve 504 and the dosing tank 300 The difference in dosing flow rate into the gas well oil pipe valve 504 is also negligible; therefore, the dosing flow path 304 can accurately measure the dosing flow rate of the dosing tank 300;
  • the dosing tank 300 is a manganese steel pressure vessel having an inner diameter of 600 mm (outer diameter of 700 mm), a design pressure of 25 MPa, and a length of 1500 mm. Both ends are welded and sealed with an elliptical head; One DN20mm16Mn steel flange short tube is welded to the top and bottom; one DN25mm manganese steel flange type safety valve interface is installed at the top center and a spring type safety valve is installed. One DN15mm manganese steel flange type venting interface is welded on the top left side.
  • the top right side is welded with a DN15mm manganese steel thread pressure gauge interface and the needle valve and pressure gauge are installed; the bottom is welded with a DN25mm manganese steel flanged tonic interface and the needle valve and check valve are installed;
  • the first flow channel 301 and the second flow channel 302 are stainless steel tubes with a diameter of DN 20 mm, a pressure resistance of 32 MPa, and a DN 20 mm stainless steel flange at both ends;
  • the metering flow channel 304 is a stainless steel tube, the diameter is DN20mm (inner diameter 20mm), the length is 1400mm, the design pressure is 32MPa; the upper and lower ends are welded and sealed, and one DN20mm stainless steel flange short tube is welded on the same side, and the upper flange is short.
  • the pipe is 150mm from the top, the lower flange is 150mm from the bottom, and the bottom is welded with a DN15mm stainless steel threaded short pipe (third flow passage 303); the bottom of the metering flow passage 304 is 350mm lower than the bottom of the dosing tank 300, and the top is dosing The top of the tank 300 is 350 mm high;
  • the DN15mm304 stainless steel threaded short pipe welded at the bottom of the metering flow passage 304 is the third flow passage 303;
  • the regulating valve 306 is a DN15mm stainless steel threaded connection shut-off valve
  • the on-off valve 305 is a DN20mm stainless steel flange stop valve.
  • the opening degree of the regulating valve 306 is decreased, and the new dosing flow rate is again obtained by the measuring flow path 304, and it is judged whether the new dosing flow rate satisfies the demand;
  • the on-off valve 305 is opened, and the medicament in the dosing tank 300 enters the gas well tubing valve 504 at the required dosing flow rate, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid metering and rapid adjustment of the dosing flow rate.
  • a stainless steel tube having an inner diameter of 20 mm has a constant cross-sectional area of 0.000314 m 2 (or 314 mm 2 ), a liquid volume with a liquid level of 50 mm reduced by 0.0157 liters (or 15.7 ml); and a dose of 0.5 liter/hour of dosing flow metering
  • the time required for confirmation is only 113 seconds; the time required for the 1.25 liter/hour dosing flow meter to confirm is only 45 seconds.
  • the metering flow path 304 is a magnetic float type liquid level gauge having a tube inner diameter of 50 mm, a length of 500 mm, a design pressure of 25 MPa, a bottom 100 mm higher than the bottom of the dosing tank 300, and a top 100 mm lower than the top of the dosing tank 300.
  • the steps to reduce dosing flow are:
  • the on-off valve 305 is opened, and the medicament in the dosing tank 300 enters the gas well tubing valve 504 at the required dosing flow rate, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid metering and rapid adjustment of the dosing flow rate.
  • a stainless steel tube having a tube inner diameter of 50 mm has a constant cross-sectional area of 0.0019625 m 2 (or 1962.5 mm 2 ), and a liquid volume with a liquid level of 10 mm is 0.019625 liters (or 19.625 ml); 0.5 liter/hour of addition.
  • the time required for drug flow metering confirmation was only 141 seconds; the time required for the 1.25 liter/hour dosing flow meter to confirm was only 57 seconds.
  • Example 20, 21 or 22 is repeated except that the apparatus of Examples 1-12 is applied to the flow metering and conditioning during the wellsite natural gas line dosing process.
  • the structural difference is only that the pressure guiding port 307 on the dosing tank 300 is connected to the gas well casing valve 503 by the pressure line 501, and the regulating valve 306 is connected to the well site natural gas line 500 by the dosing line 502.
  • Example 20, 21 or 22 is repeated except that the apparatus of Examples 1-12 is applied to the flow metering and conditioning of the oil well 600 tubing dosing process.
  • the structural difference is only that the pressure guiding port 307 on the dosing tank 300 is connected to the oil well casing valve 603 by the pressure guiding line 501, and the regulating valve 306 is connected to the oil well oil pipe valve 604 by the dosing line 502.
  • Example 20, 21 or 22 is repeated except that the apparatus of Examples 1-12 is applied during the dosing of the inter-station natural gas pipeline (or the gas collection station external pipeline). Flow metering and regulation. The structural difference is only that the pressure inlet 307 on the dosing tank 300 is connected to the gas well inlet line 703 by the pressure line 501, and the regulating valve 306 and the station natural gas pipeline (or set) are further used by the dosing line 502. The gas station external pipeline) is connected to 704.
  • Example 23 was repeated to apply the apparatus of Examples 1-12 to the flow metering and conditioning during the wellsite natural gas line dosing process.
  • the difference in structure is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 300 is first raised above the height of the gas tree tubing valve 504, and then the pressure tap 307 on the dosing tank 300 and the gas tree side are connected by the pressure line 501.
  • the natural gas line 500 is in communication, and the dosing line 502 is used to communicate the regulating valve 306 with the tubing valve 504 on the other side of the gas tree.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 305, the regulating valve 306 and the gas well tubing valve 504, and the functional chemicals in the dosing tank 300 pass through the on-off valve 305 and the metering flow path 304 in sequence under the action of gravity.
  • the regulating valve 306, the dosing line 502, the gas well tubing valve 504, and the upper four-way 505 enter the wellsite natural gas pipeline; at the same time, the liquid level in the dosing tank 300 and the metering flow channel 304 automatically reaches equilibrium.
  • Example 23 was repeated to apply the apparatus of Examples 1-12 for flow metering and conditioning during gas well casing dosing.
  • the difference in structure is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 300 is first raised above the height of the gas collecting tree casing valve 503, and then the pressure guiding port 307 on the dosing tank 300 is connected to the gas collecting tree by the pressure guiding line 501.
  • the gas well casing valve 503 on the side is in communication, and the regulating valve 306 is connected to the gas well casing valve on the other side of the gas tree by the dosing line 502.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 305, the regulating valve 306, and the gas well casing valve 503 on both sides of the gas tree, and the functional chemicals in the dosing tank 300 are sequentially passed through the switch under the action of gravity.
  • the valve 305, the metering flow path 304, the regulating valve 306, the dosing line 502, and the gas well casing valve 503 enter the gas well casing; at the same time, the liquid level in the dosing tank 300 and the metering flow path 304 is automatically balanced.
  • Example 23 was repeated to apply the apparatus of Examples 1-12 for flow metering and conditioning during gas well tubing dosing.
  • the difference in structure is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 300 is first raised above the height of the gas tree tubing valve 504, and then the pressure tap 307 on the dosing tank 300 and the gas tree side are connected by the pressure line 501.
  • the gas well tubing valve 504 is in communication, and the dosing valve 306 is connected to the same gas well tubing 504 valve by a dosing line 502.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 305, the regulating valve 306 and the gas well tubing valve 504, and the functional chemicals in the dosing tank 300 pass through the on-off valve 305 and the metering flow path 304 in sequence under the action of gravity.
  • the regulating valve 306, the dosing line 502, and the gas well tubing valve 504 enter the gas well oil pipe; at the same time, the liquid level in the dosing tank 300 and the metering flow path 304 automatically reaches equilibrium.
  • Example 23 was repeated to apply the apparatus of Examples 1-12 to the flow metering and conditioning during the dosing of the oil well 600.
  • the difference in structure is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 300 is first raised above the height of the tree casing valve 603, and then the pressure inlet 307 on the dosing tank 300 and the side of the tree are used by the pressure line 501.
  • the oil well casing valve 603 is connected, and the regulating valve 306 is connected to the oil well casing valve on the other side of the tree by the dosing line 502. through.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 305, the regulating valve 306, and the oil well 600 casing valve 603 on both sides of the tree, and the functional chemicals in the dosing tank 300 are sequentially passed through the switch under the action of gravity.
  • the valve 305, the metering flow path 304, the regulating valve 306, the dosing line 502, and the oil well 600 casing valve 603 enter the casing of the oil well 600; at the same time, the liquid level in the dosing tank 300 and the metering flow path 304 is automatically balanced.
  • Example 23 was repeated to apply the apparatus of Examples 1-12 to flow metering and conditioning during liquid flow dosing.
  • the structural difference is only that the pressure guiding port 307 on the dosing tank 300 is connected to the compressed gas source 803 by the pressure line 501, and the regulating valve 306 is connected to the liquid flow path 804 by the dosing line 502.
  • the compressed gas source may be a nitrogen bottle, a liquefied gas bottle, an oxygen cylinder, an acetylene bottle, a carbon dioxide gas tank, a compressed natural gas tank (such as CNG), an instrument wind, an air compressor, a pressure blower, an air pump, a mobile compressed gas source, and a compression source.
  • natural gas such as CNG
  • liquid nitrogen liquid carbon dioxide
  • liquefied gas such as LNG
  • Example 23 was repeated, and the apparatus described in Examples 1-12 was applied to the flow metering and adjustment during the dosing process of the inter-station natural gas pipeline (or the gas collection station external pipeline).
  • the difference in structure is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 300 is first raised to a height exceeding 704 of the inter-station natural gas pipeline (or gas gathering station outside the pipeline), and then the pressure on the dosing tank 300 is pressed by the pressure guiding line 501.
  • the port 307 is in communication with the inter-station natural gas line (or gas gathering station external transfer line) 704, and the dosing line 502 is used to communicate the regulating valve 306 with the inter-site natural gas line (or gas gathering station external transfer line) 704.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only that the opening and closing valve 305 and the regulating valve 306 are opened, and the functional chemicals in the dosing tank 300 sequentially pass through the switching valve 305, the metering flow path 304, the regulating valve 306 under the action of gravity,
  • the dosing line 502 enters the inter-station natural gas line (or the gas collecting station's external transfer line); at the same time, the liquid level in the dosing tank 300 and the metering flow path 304 automatically reaches equilibrium.
  • the flow metering and adjusting method of the device of the embodiment 13-19 in the gas well pipe filling process comprises the following steps:
  • the pressure guiding port 407 of the dosing tank 400 is connected to the gas well casing valve 503 by the pressure line 501, and then the regulating valve 406 of the dosing device is connected with the gas well oil pipe valve 504 by the dosing line 502;
  • the switch valve 405, the regulating valve 406, the gas well casing valve 503, the gas well oil pipe valve 504 are opened, and the functional chemicals in the drug storage chamber 408 are sequentially passed through the switching valve 405 and the third flow path 403 under the pressure of the gas well casing.
  • the regulating valve 406, the dosing line 502, and the gas well tubing valve 504 enter the gas well oil pipe; at the same time, the liquid level in the drug storage chamber 408 and the metering chamber 409 is automatically balanced;
  • the switch valve 405 When the switch valve 405 is closed, the medicament in the drug storage chamber 408 stops flowing out, and the medicament in the metering chamber 409 starts to enter the gas well tubing valve 504 through the regulating valve 406 and the dosing line 502, and the liquid level of the metering chamber 409 is rapidly lowered; Recording the time required for the liquid level of the measuring chamber 409 to decrease, the filling flow rate of the measuring chamber 409 can be quickly calculated according to the known cross-sectional area (also referred to as the flow area) of the measuring chamber 409;
  • the current dosing flow rate of the drug storage chamber 408 is quickly measured, and the opening degree of the regulating valve 406 is adjusted according to the size of the dosing amount; the metering and the adjusting step are repeated, and the dosing flow rate of the measuring chamber 409 is adjusted to the required amount.
  • the drug flow; the switch valve 405 is then opened and the medicament within the reservoir 408 enters the gas well valve 504 at the desired dosing flow.
  • the current dosing flow rate of the drug storage chamber 408 is quickly measured, and the opening degree of the regulating valve 406 is adjusted according to the size of the dosing amount; then the opening and closing valve 405 is opened until the liquid level of the measuring chamber 409 and the drug storage chamber 408 are The liquid level is balanced, and then the switching valve 405 is closed, and the dosing flow rate of the measuring chamber 409 is quickly measured again; the metering and the adjusting step are repeated to adjust the dosing flow rate of the measuring chamber 409 to the required dosing flow rate; then the switching valve 405 is turned on. Upon opening, the medicament within the reservoir 408 will enter the gas well tubing valve 504 at the desired dosing rate.
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus described in Examples 13-19 was applied to the flow metering and conditioning during the wellsite natural gas line dosing process.
  • the structural difference is only that the pressure guiding port 407 on the dosing tank 400 is connected to the gas well casing valve 503 by the pressure line 501, and the regulating valve 406 is connected to the well site natural gas line 500 by the dosing line 502.
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus described in Examples 13-19 was applied to the flow metering and conditioning during the oil well tubing dosing process.
  • the structural difference is only that the pressure guiding port 407 on the dosing tank 400 is connected to the oil well casing valve 603 by the pressure line 501, and the regulating valve 406 is connected to the oil well oil pipe valve 604 by the dosing line 502.
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus described in Examples 13-19 was applied to the flow metering and conditioning during the dosing of the inter-station natural gas line (or gas collection station).
  • the structural difference is only that the pressure inlet 407 on the dosing tank 400 is connected to the gas well inlet line 703 by the pressure line 501, and the regulating valve 406 and the inter-station natural gas pipeline (or set) are further used by the dosing line 502.
  • the gas station external pipeline is connected to 704.
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus described in Examples 13-19 was applied to the flow metering and conditioning during the wellsite natural gas line dosing process.
  • the structural difference is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 400 is first raised above the height of the gas tree tubing valve 504, and then the pressure tapping port 407 on the dosing tank 400 and the gas collecting tree side are connected by the pressure guiding line 501.
  • the natural gas line 500 is in communication, and the dosing line 502 is used to communicate the regulating valve 406 with the tubing valve 504 on the other side of the gas tree.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 405, the regulating valve 406 and the gas well tubing valve 504, and the functional chemicals in the drug storage chamber 408 of the dosing tank 400 pass through the on-off valve 405 under the action of gravity.
  • the third flow path 403, the regulating valve 406, the dosing line 502, the gas well oil pipe valve 504, and the upper four-way 505 enter the well site natural gas pipeline; and the liquid levels in the drug storage chamber 408 and the metering chamber 409 are automatically balanced.
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus described in Examples 13-19 was applied to the metering and conditioning of the gas well casing dosing process.
  • the difference in structure is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 400 is first raised to a height higher than the height of the gas collecting tree casing valve 503, and then the pressure guiding port 407 on the dosing tank 400 is connected to the gas collecting tree by the pressure guiding line 501.
  • the gas well casing valve 503 on the side is in communication, and the regulating valve 406 is connected to the gas well casing valve 503 on the other side of the gas production tree by the dosing line 502.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 405, the regulating valve 406, and the gas well casing valve 503 on both sides of the gas tree, and the functional chemical in the drug storage chamber 408 of the dosing tank 400 is in the action of gravity.
  • the lower portion passes through the opening and closing valve 405, the third flow path 403, the regulating valve 406, the dosing line 502, and the gas well casing valve 503 to enter the gas well casing; meanwhile, the liquid level in the drug storage chamber 408 and the metering chamber 409 is automatically balanced.
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus described in Examples 13-19 was applied to the metering and conditioning of the gas well tubing dosing process.
  • the structural difference is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 400 is first raised above the height of the gas tree tubing valve 504, and then the pressure tapping port 407 on the dosing tank 400 and the gas collecting tree side are connected by the pressure guiding line 501.
  • Gas The well tubing valve 504 is in communication, and the dosing valve 406 is again coupled to the same gas well tubing valve 504 by a dosing line 502.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 405, the regulating valve 406 and the gas well tubing valve 504, and the functional chemicals in the drug storage chamber 408 of the dosing tank 400 pass through the on-off valve 405 under the action of gravity.
  • the third flow path 403, the regulating valve 406, the dosing line 502, and the gas well oil pipe valve 504 enter the gas well casing; at the same time, the liquid level in the drug storage chamber 408 and the metering chamber 409 is automatically balanced.
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus of Examples 13-19 was applied to the flow metering and conditioning during the well casing dosing process.
  • the difference in structure is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 400 is raised to a height higher than the height of the oil well casing valve 603 of the oil well 600, and the pressure inlet 407 and the side of the tree on the dosing tank 400 are connected by the pressure line 501.
  • the well casing valve 603 is in communication, and the dosing line 502 is used to communicate the regulating valve with the well casing valve 603 on the other side of the tree.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 405, the regulating valve 406, and the casing valve 603 on both sides of the tree, and the functional chemicals in the drug storage chamber 408 of the dosing tank 400 are sequentially under the action of gravity.
  • the oil well casing is inserted into the oil well casing through the opening and closing valve 405, the third flow passage 403, the regulating valve 406, the dosing line 502, and the oil well casing valve 603; and the liquid level in the medicine storage chamber 408 and the metering chamber 409 is automatically balanced.
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus described in Examples 13-19 was used for flow metering and conditioning during liquid flow dosing.
  • the structural difference is only that the pressure guiding port 407 on the dosing tank 400 is connected to the compressed gas source 803 by the pressure line 501, and the regulating valve 406 is connected to the liquid flow path 804 by the dosing line 502.
  • the compressed gas source may be a nitrogen bottle, a liquefied gas bottle, an oxygen cylinder, an acetylene bottle, a carbon dioxide gas tank, a compressed natural gas tank (such as CNG), an instrument wind, an air compressor, a pressure blower, an air pump, a mobile compressed gas source, and a compression source.
  • natural gas such as CNG
  • liquid nitrogen liquid carbon dioxide
  • liquefied gas such as LNG
  • Example 32 was repeated except that the apparatus described in Examples 13-19 was applied to the flow metering and conditioning during the dosing of the inter-station natural gas line (or gas collection station).
  • the difference in structure is only that the bottom of the dosing tank 400 is first raised to exceed the height of the inter-station natural gas pipeline (or the gas gathering station outside the pipeline) 704, and then the pressure on the dosing tank 400 is pressurized by the pressure line 501.
  • the port 407 is in communication with the inter-station natural gas pipeline (or gas gathering station external transfer line) 704, and the dosing valve 406 is connected to the inter-site natural gas pipeline (or gas gathering station external pipeline) 704 by the dosing line 502.
  • the difference in the dosing step is only to open the on-off valve 405, the regulating valve 406, and the dosing tank 400 reservoir 408
  • the functional chemical agent will enter the inter-station natural gas pipeline (or the gas gathering station external pipeline) through the switching valve 405, the third flow passage 403, the regulating valve 406, and the dosing pipeline 502 under the action of gravity;
  • the liquid level in the drug chamber 408 and metering chamber 409 is automatically balanced.

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Abstract

一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置及使用该装置进行计量和调节的方法，加药装置包括加药罐（300）、第一流道（301）、第二流道（302）、第三流道（303）、计量流道（304）、开关阀（305）、调节阀（306）和引压口（307）；所述加药罐（300）上部或顶部通过第一流道（301）与计量流道（304）的上部或顶部连接相通；所述加药罐（300）下部或底部通过第二流道（302）与计量流道（304）下部或底部连接相通，所述第二流道（302）上设置开关阀（305）；所述计量流道（304）底部或下部通过第三流道（303）与调节阀（306）连接相通；所述加药罐（300）上部或顶部设置引压口（307）；所述计量流道（304）的横截面积小于所述加药罐（300）的横截面积。该加药装置简化了加药装置和加药工艺，节省加药量，降低了加药装置费用和管理工作量。

Description

一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置及其方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种加药装置及方法，尤其是涉及一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置及其方法。可以适用于气井、油井、管线、设施等各种需要加功能性化学剂的系统。
背景技术
为了保障气井、油井、水井、气管线、油管线、水管线、管件、仪表等流体通道(一般简称流道)的正常生产运行，为了解决某生产问题或实现某生产目的，通常需要将功能性化学剂(俗称药剂)加入流道、设施中，俗称加药。例如：为了保障天然气井、天然气管线不形成水合物堵塞，国内通常采用加入甲醇等水合物抑制剂的方法；为了降低气管线、油管线、水管线、管件的腐蚀、结垢，国内通常采用加入缓蚀剂、阻垢剂、杀菌剂的方法；为了解决原油物性影响油井生产的问题，国内通常向油井中加入降粘剂、降凝剂、清蜡剂等采油助剂；为了解决油水分离问题，国内通常向原油管线或脱水器中加入破乳剂；为了处理油田污水，国内通常向污水管线或污水处理系统中加入絮凝剂、除油剂；等等。
由于气井等流道中存在压力较高的流体，有的压力甚至高达20MPa以上，因此需要采用特定加药装置和加药方法才能将功能性化学剂加入流道中。
目前国内用于流道的加药装置和加药方法有计量泵加药法、加药罐(俗称加药包)加药法，加药罐加药法又分为小型加药罐周期加药法、平衡式加药罐连续加药法(俗称重力罐加药法)，均存在不同的缺陷。
计量泵加药法：
该方法是利用计量泵将功能性化学剂加入流道中，该方法存在以下缺陷：
1)该方法耗能较大，固定投资较大，需要建造专用加药泵房或移动式加药装置。
2)该方法往往需要铺设长距离加药管线，导致地面建设投资巨大。
以靖边气田为例，气井井场没有工业电源，为了将甲醇加入气井、井场地面管线内，目前普遍采用建造专用注醇泵房、长距离注醇管线的方法，注醇管线一般长度为1000～5000米，地面投资巨大。
3)该方法使用太阳能供电时，不能满足气井生产需求。
以靖边气田为例：该气田的气井需要24小时全天候连续加入甲醇，如果出现连续阴雨天气，太阳能板无法给计量泵有效供电。
4)该方法所用柱塞泵、隔膜泵等计量泵存在运动部件，极易产生运行故障，需要较高的能耗和运行维护费用才能维持运行。
小型加药罐周期加药法：
该方法是利用有效容积小于10升的加药罐将功能性化学剂周期性加入气井、油井、油气管线等流道中。如附图1所示，加药装置一般包括加药罐100、加药管线101、上部阀门102、下部阀门103和喇叭口104；该方法所用加药罐100的重量较轻，一般垂直安装于流道105上部，能够将加药罐100内的功能性化学剂通过自身重力自流进流道105中；该方法存在以下缺陷：
1)该方法所用加药罐有效容积小，不设置压力平衡管，不能满足气井、油井套管、天然气管线等流道24小时全天候连续加药的生产需求，只能用于流道的周期性加药。
由本领域公知知识可知：如附图1所示，小型加药罐周期加药法中的加药罐100没有压力平衡管，如果加药罐100下部的加药管线101内径很小或下部阀门103开度很小，当加药罐100中的药剂自流进入流道105时，流道105内的气体就很难上升进入加药罐100内，加药罐100就会形成一定的真空度，导致罐内的药剂无法自流进流道105中；如果加药罐100下部的加药管线101内径较大或下部阀门103开度较大，加药罐100内的化学剂就会很快流进流道105，难以实现连续加药目的。
由本领域公知知识可知：加入气井或天然气管线中的功能性化学剂量通常比较大，如靖边气田，每天向气井或集气管线内加入甲醇30～200升/日；有效容积小于10升的加药罐只能用于气井、天然气管线的周期性加药，例如苏里格气田曾经利用有效容积小于10升的加药罐向气井油管、井场天然气管线中周期性加入甲醇；国内目前没有利用有效容积小于10升的加药罐向气井、天然气管线24小时全天候连续加药的公开资料和应用范例。
由本领域公知知识可知：国内油井经常利用有效容积小于10升的加药罐向油井油管周期性加入降粘剂、缓蚀剂；国内目前没有利用有效容积小于10升的加药罐向油井油管24小时全天候连续加药的公开资料和应用范例。
由本领域公知知识可知：国内通常用计量泵向水管线中加入缓蚀剂、阻垢剂，国内目前没有利用有效容积小于10升的加药罐向水管线24小时全天候连续加药的公开资料和应用范例。
2)该方法每次用加药罐向流道中加药前，都必须先将加药罐内的气体放空，不仅存在安全隐患，而且劳动强度大。
如附图1所示，加药罐100中的化学剂用完后，必须打开加药罐上部的阀门102，将加药罐100内的气体放空后，才能将新的化学剂加入加药罐100中。然后，必须关闭加药罐100上部阀门102，打开加药罐下部阀门103，才能让加药罐100内的化学剂自流进流道105内。
由本领域公知知识可知：功能性化学剂大部分(如甲醇)对人体有害，加药罐内气体不慎放空时会伤害操作者。
3)该方法所用加药罐不设置液位计、流量计，不能对加药罐流出的功能性化学剂流量进行计量，操作者只能凭借个人感觉、经验判断加药罐液位，只能凭借个人经验调整功能性化学剂流量。
由本领域公知知识可知：有效容积小于10升的加药罐设置液位计、流量计没有实际应用意义，国内目前没有在有效容积小于10升的加药罐上设置液位计、流量计的应用范例和公开资料。
平衡式加药罐连续加药法：
该方法是利用有效容积大于10升的加药罐和压力平衡管线将功能性化学剂连续加入流道中。如附图2所示，加药装置一般包括加药罐200(带液位计201)、支架202、加药管线203、压力平衡管线204、流量计205和阀门206；该方法所用加药罐200重量较重，难以直接垂直安装于流道207上面，一般安装于气井、油井、管线附近；该方法的工作原理和加药过程是：用支架202使加药罐200底部高度高于流道207，用加药管线203将加药罐200底部与流道207连通，用压力平衡管线204将加药罐200上部与流道207连通，加药罐200内压力即与流道207压力实现平衡，加药罐200内化学剂即能够通过自身重力自流进流道207中。该方法存在以下缺陷：
1)该方法所用加药罐200虽然设置有液位计201，但所设液位计201仅用于显示加药罐内液面高度(俗称罐位)，不能对加药罐流出的化学剂流量进行计量、显示和调整。
公开资料表明：容器(罐)上设置的液位计用于显示容器(罐)内的液面高度，目前没有公开资料表明容器(罐)上设置的液位计能够用于计量、显示容器(罐)流出的液体流量。本领域目前没有用加药罐上设置的液位计计量、显示和调节加药罐流出的化学剂流量的公开资料和应用范例。
2)当该方法所用加药罐200内流出的功能性化学剂流量(俗称加药流量)较小时，就会小于国内目前已知流量计的最小量程，导致加药罐内流出的加药流量无法计量，进而不 能满足连续加药实际需求。
由本领域公知知识可知：目前国内平衡式加药罐连续加药法所用已知各类流量计的最小量程均超过2.5升/时(相当于60升/日)，均不能对小于2.5升/时的加药流量进行有效计量。
以靖边气田为例：该气田采用向气井(或集气管线)24小时连续加甲醇的生产工艺，甲醇加药量一般为30～200升/日，相当于加药流量1.25～8.3升/小时。
以延长气田为例：该气田采用向气井(或集气管线)24小时连续加水合物抑制剂的生产工艺，水合物抑制剂加药量一般为5～30升/日，相当于加药流量0.2～1.25升/小时。
公开资料表明：目前用于液体计量的流量计种类分为容积式流量计(如齿轮流量计、腰轮流量计、旋转活塞流量计、刮板式流量计)、叶轮式流量计(如水表、涡轮流量计)、差压式流量计、变面积式流量计(如浮子流量计、转子流量计)、动量式流量计、冲量式流量计、电磁流量计、超声波流量计、流体震荡式流量计(如涡街流量计、漩涡流量计)、科里奥利质量流量计，均需要安装过滤器。
由本领域公知知识可知：国内目前齿轮流量计、腰轮流量计、旋转活塞流量计、刮板式流量计最小量程为40升/时(相当于960升/日)，水表、涡轮流量计最小量程为30升/时(相当于720升/日)，其量程、精度与受测液体粘度直接相关；功能性化学剂的粘度差异巨大，如降粘剂、发泡剂粘度是甲醇、阻垢剂粘度的上百倍；如果用该类流量计计量功能性化学剂流量，需要针对每一种化学剂重新进行校验标定；例如，水表出厂时用清水标定量程、精度，用水表计量降粘剂、发泡剂时必须重新标定其刻度盘或二次显示仪表，否则会产生巨大计量误差；因此该类流量计不能对甲醇流量为30～200升/日的靖边气田气井进行加药流量计量，更不能对水合物抑制剂加注流量为5～30升/日的延长气田气井进行加药流量计量。
由本领域公知知识可知：差压式流量计需要利用节流产生压差，其量程、精度与受测液体粘度、密度直接相关；平衡式加药罐连续加药法是依靠重力自流加药，所能产生的压差极其有限，不能满足差压式流量计所需要的压差，无法进行有效计量；功能性化学剂的粘度差异巨大，密度差异也巨大，如甲醇密度为0.8g/cm3，阻垢剂密度可达1.1g/cm3，水合物抑制剂可达1.5g/cm3；如果用该类流量计计量功能性化学剂流量，需要针对每一种化学剂重新进行校验标定，否则会产生巨大计量误差；因此该类流量计不能对甲醇流量为30～200升/日的靖边气田气井进行加药流量计量，更不能对水合物抑制剂加注流量为5～30升/ 日的延长气田气井进行加药流量计量。
由本领域公知知识可知：动量式流量计、冲量式流量计、涡街流量计、漩涡流量计、科里奥利质量流量计均要求受测介质的流速不能太低，涡街流量计、漩涡流量计还要求受测介质流速必须大于层流流速；该类流量计量程、精度与受测液体粘度、密度直接相关，如果用该类流量计计量功能性化学剂流量，需要针对每一种化学剂重新进行校验标定，否则会产生巨大计量误差；国内目前已知加药管线内径为10mm，甲醇流量为30/日的流速为4.4mm/秒，不能满足该类流量计所需的受测介质最小流速要求，无法进行有效计量；因此该类流量计不能对甲醇流量为30～200升/日的靖边气田气井进行加药流量计量，更不能对水合物抑制剂加注流量为5～30升/日的延长气田气井进行加药流量计量。
由本领域公知知识可知：部分功能性化学剂为有机液体，如甲醇为绝缘体；电磁流量计要求受测介质必须有一定电导率；因此电磁流量计不能有效计量甲醇流量。
由本领域公知知识可知：超声波流量计对流速的分辨率可达1mm/s，但不能对内径小于15mm、流速小于10mm/s的管内流量进行有效计量；管线内径15mm、流速10mm/s的液体流量为6.4升/时，相当于153.6升/日；因此超声波流量计不能对甲醇流量在150升/日以下的靖边气田气井进行加药流量计量，更不能对水合物抑制剂加注流量为5～30升/日的延长气田气井进行加药流量计量。
由本领域公知知识可知：浮子流量计(即转子流量计)的量程、精度与受测液体直接相关，出厂时均用清水标定；如果用浮子流量计计量功能性化学剂流量，需要针对每一种化学剂重新进行校验标定，否则会产生巨大计量误差；国内目前已知浮子流量计的最小量程为2.5升/时(相当于60升/日)，因此浮子流量计不能对甲醇流量在60升/日以下的靖边气田气井进行加药流量计量，更不能对水合物抑制剂加注流量为5～30升/日的延长气田气井进行加药流量计量。
由本领域公知知识可知：翻斗式计量分离器常用于油井产液计量，最小量程为1000升/日，不能对甲醇流量30～200升/日的靖边气田气井进行加药流量计量，更不能对水合物抑制剂加注流量为5～30升/日的延长气田气井进行加药流量计量；国内目前还没有最小量程小于1000升/日的翻斗式计量分离器应用范例或公开资料。
由本领域公知知识可知：国内目前有计量降雨量的翻斗式计量装置，但该装置不能用于计量管线等流道中的液体流量，国内目前没有该类装置用于计量流道内液体流量的应用范例或公开资料。
3)当该方法所用加药罐200流出的加药流量不能用流量计205计量时，该方法只能依靠加药罐200液位计201在单位时间内所显示的液位变化数值，通过人工调整阀门206开度的方法实现加药流量调整，必然导致加药流量调整工作极其缓慢，不能满足流道生产运行需要。
由本领域公知知识可知：由于流道的各类生产参数(如流体流量、压力、温度等)波动性大，不可能恒定不变；环境气温、地温也不可能恒定不变；连续加入流道中的功能性化学剂流量也必然要经常调整；调整加药流量(或加药量)是气井、油井、管线等流道管理中的一项重要、经常性工作内容。
以靖边气田为例：该气田大部分气井、天然气管线24小时连续加入甲醇抑制天然气水合物形成；甲醇抑制水合物形成的能力与气井产气量、产水量、压力、温度等生产参数直接相关，如果气井产水量突然增大、或者气井压力突然增加、或者气井产气量突然降低、或者地面环境气温突然下降，都必须尽快提高连续加入气井、天然气管线中的甲醇量，否则就会形成水合物堵塞气井、天然气管线。
由本领域公知知识可知：平衡式加药罐连续加药法采用人工方法调整加药流量，即根据加药管线上的流量计瞬时流量数据显示，通过人工调整阀门开度的方法提高或减小加药流量；因此，当加药管线上的流量计不能有效、准确显示瞬时加药流量时，操作者就无法利用流量计调整阀门开度，只能根据加药罐液位计在单位时间内的液位降低数值调整阀门开度；如果加药罐的横截面积较大，加药流量又较小，则操作者需要很长时间才能将阀门调整至所需开度，需要很长时间才能将加药流量调整至所需流量。
以靖边气田气井连续加入甲醇1.25升/时(即30升/日)为例：为了减少向加药罐内补充功能性化学剂的次数和费用，加药罐的有效容积不宜太小，可以采用内径400mm、长度1500mm的卧式圆柱形加药罐(有效容积大于180升，最大横截面积0.6m2)，能够以1.25升/时(即30升/日)的加药流量向气井连续加入甲醇6天；也可以采用内径800mm、高度500mm的立式圆柱形加药罐(有效容积大于250升,横截面积0.5m2)，能够以1.25升/时(即30升/日)的加药流量向气井连续加入甲醇8天；由于国内现有已知流量计不能对加药流量为1.25升/时(即30升/日)的甲醇进行流量计量，操作者只能根据加药罐液位计在单位时间内的液位降低数值调整阀门开度；由本领域公知知识可知，当液位计读数变化值小于5mm时，操作者的眼睛或超声波液位计很难对液位变化做出准确判断；以内径800mm、高度500mm的立式圆柱形加药罐液位降低5mm计，由公知知识计算可知，该加药罐流出的 功能性化学剂量为3升，按照1.25升/时加药流量流出的时间为2.4小时；因此操作者需要在调整阀门开度后等待2.4小时，才能判断所调整的阀门开度是否合理，才能判断加药流量是否合理；由于操作者没有流量计数据指导，这种阀门开度调整必然带有很大的盲目性，因此操作者仅仅根据液位计指示不可能在较短的时间内将阀门开度调节至合理位置，不可能在短时间内将加药流量调节至合理流量，而是需要很长时间才能调节成功；按照需要3次调整计算，操作者需要工作7.2小时才能将加药流量调整至所需流量。由本领域公知知识可知，气井生产参数大幅变化的情况经常出现，如果气井因生产参数变化需要增加甲醇加药流量时，甲醇流量不能在1小时内增加至气井所需加药流量，就会发生水合物堵死气井、管线的生产事故；反之，如果气井因生产参数变化需要减小甲醇加药流量时，甲醇流量不能在1小时内减少至气井所需加药流量，就会造成甲醇浪费，增加气井生产成本；因此，这种人工调整加药流量的方法大幅增加了操作者的劳动强度，给气井管理带来极大困难，不能满足气井、管线等流道要求快速调整加药流量的生产需要。
以延长气田气井连续加入水合物抑制剂0.5升/时(即12升/日)为例：为了减少向加药罐内补充药剂的次数和费用，加药罐的有效容积不宜太小，可以采用内径400mm、长度1500mm的卧式圆柱形加药罐(有效容积大于180升，最大横截面积0.6m2)，能够以0.5升/时(即12升/日)的加药流量向气井连续加入水合物抑制剂15天；由本领域公知知识可知，当液位计读数变化值小于2mm时，操作者的眼睛或超声波液位计很难对液位变化做出准确判断；以内径400mm、长度1500mm的卧式圆柱形加药罐以最大横截面积0.6m2降低2mm液位计，则该加药罐流出的功能性化学剂量为1.2升，以0.5升/时加药流量流出的时间为2.4小时；因此操作者需要在调整阀门开度后等待2.4小时，才能判断所调整的阀门开度是否合理，才能判断加药流量是否合理；由于操作者没有流量计数据指导，这种阀门开度调整必然带有很大的盲目性，因此操作者仅仅根据液位计指示不可能一次性将阀门开度调整至合理位置，不可能一次性将加药流量调整至合理流量，而是需要很多次调整；按照需要3次调整计算，操作者需要工作7.2小时才能将加药流量调整至所需流量；由本领域公知知识可知，气井生产参数大幅变化的情况经常出现，如果气井因生产参数变化需要增加水合物抑制剂加药流量时，水合物抑制剂流量不能在1小时内增加至气井所需加药流量，就会发生水合物堵死气井、管线的生产事故；反之，如果气井因生产参数变化需要减小水合物抑制剂加药流量时，水合物抑制剂流量不能在1小时内减少至气井所需加药流量，就会造成水合物抑制剂浪费，增加气井生产成本；因此，这种人工调整加药流量的方法大幅增加 了操作者的劳动强度，给气井管理带来极大困难，不能满足气井、管线等流道要求快速调整加药流量的生产需要。
4)该方法所设流量计205只能用于加药流量计量，不能显示加药罐液位。
总之，上述加药装置及其加药方法，在针对小流量加入功能性化学剂时，不便于药剂计量和调节。
发明内容
本发明中的“流体”：是指气相流体(如天然气)、液相流体(如水)、气液混合流体(如油气)、固-液混合流体(如絮凝剂-水混合物)等任意能够在管线内正常流动的物质。
本发明中的“井口”：又称采气树或采油树，是指气井或油井露出地面的直立部分，一般设置有阀门、压力表、四通等管件以及油管、套管出口。
本发明中的“油管压力”：一般简称油压，是指气井井口或油井井口油管压力表显示的压力，是油气流体从井口油管出来时的压力。
本发明中的“套管压力”：一般简称套压，是指气井井口或油井井口套管压力表显示的压力。
本发明中的“药剂”：是功能性化学剂的俗称，常温常压下一般呈液态或呈流体状态，有时简称药。
本发明中的“加药”：是本领域对加入功能性化学剂的俗称，有时特指将液态化学剂加入油管、套管、管线中的过程。
本发明中的“加药量”：是加入功能性化学剂量的简称，有时也指加药流量。
本发明中的“加药流量”：又称药剂流量，是功能性化学剂流量的简称，一般是指功能性化学剂体积流量。
本发明中的“加药罐”：俗称加药包，是指加药装置中盛装功能性化学剂的容器，有时也指利用容器“加药”的加药装置。
本发明中的“管件”：是指能将管子连接成管路的零件，如弯头、法兰、三通管、四通管、大小头、丝头、活结、管箍、Y型管接头、X型管接头、快速接头、阀门等，有时也指流量计、压力表等。
本发明要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置；该加药装置克服了现有加药装置的缺陷，能够有效解决现有加药装置的加药流量计量和调整难题，能够简化加药装置和加药工艺，能够节省加药量，能够降低加药装置费用和管理工作量等； 具有实施容易，安全可靠，应用广泛，推广容易等优特点。
本发明要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种上述装置的流量计量和调节方法；该方法克服了现有加药装置流量计量的缺陷，能够有效解决现有装置中存在的流量计量和调节的难题，能够简化加药工艺，能够节省加药量，能够降低加药装置费用和管理工作量等；具有实施容易，安全可靠，应用广泛，推广容易等优特点。
为解决上述第一个技术问题，本发明所采用的第一种技术方案是：
一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，包括加药罐、第一流道、第二流道、第三流道、计量流道、开关阀、调节阀和引压口；
所述加药罐上部或顶部通过第一流道与计量流道的上部或顶部连接相通；
所述加药罐下部或底部通过第二流道与计量流道下部或底部连接相通，所述第二流道上设置开关阀；
所述计量流道底部或下部通过第三流道与调节阀连接相通；
所述加药罐上部或顶部设置引压口；
所述计量流道的横截面积小于所述加药罐的横截面积。
所述加药罐用于储装功能性化学剂。所述加药罐为密闭容器，可由金属制成或非金属制成；可以是立式容器，也可以是卧式容器，可以是高压容器，也可以是中低压容器；应能满足流道加药的安全要求和生产需求。本领域技术人员依据现有技术手段能够确定所述加药罐的具体结构、形式、材质、设计压力、有效容积等，能够确定所述加药罐上部或顶部与第一流道和引压口连通的具体位置、连接形式、连接方法，能够确定所述加药罐下部或底部与第二流道连通的具体位置、连接形式、连接方法，能够利用现有技术制成所述加药罐。所述第一流道用于保持加药罐和计量流道内上部空间的压力平衡。所述第二流道用于排出功能性化学剂，同时用于平衡加药罐液位和计量流道液位；开关阀可以开闭第二流道。所述计量流道用于计量通过调节阀的流量；本发明中，为了在短时间内计量通过调节阀的功能性化学剂的流量，必须要求计量流道的横截面积较小，计量流道中的横截面积要符合操作人员在短时间内能得出计量流道中流量数据的要求，做为本领域的技术人员，可以根据需要选择适合计量的横截面积大小。所述第三流道用于连通调节阀。所述调节阀用于调节加药流量，同时外接需要加药的系统管道。所述引压口用于向加药罐内引入压力。所述功能性化学剂自加药罐经第二流道、开关阀到调节阀的流动阻力与自计量流道经第三流道到达调节阀的流动阻力应基本相同。
优选地，所述的流道是流体通道的简称，是指流体流经的通道；可以是指内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合。
优选地，所述第一流道、第二流道和第三流道为内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔、机械零部件、机械总成的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合；由金属材料或非金属材料制成(如高压软管)；可以一端或两端设置阀门、法兰和螺纹；其设计压力不应低于加药罐和计量流道的设计压力。为实现前述目的，本领域技术人员依据现有技术手段能够确定所述第一流道、第二流道和第三流道的具体结构、形式、材质、设计压力及其两端的结构形式，能够确定第一流道两端与加药罐、计量流道上部或顶部连通的具体位置、连接形式、连接方法，能够确定第二流道两端与加药罐、计量流道下部或底部连通的具体位置、连接形式、连接方法，能够从市场上采购所述流道或者能够利用现有技术手段制成所述流道。
优选地，所述计量流道为内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔、机械零部件、机械总成的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合。所述计量流道可由金属或非金属材料制成；所述计量流道的顶部、底部可以带盲板、法兰、阀门、螺纹等密封件；所述计量流道应能够直立或竖向安装，应能够直接或间接显示所述计量流道的液位；其设计压力不应低于加药罐的设计压力。为实现前述目的，本领域技术人员依据现有技术手段能够确定所述计量流道的具体结构、形式、材质、设计压力，能够确定所述计量流道两端的结构形式、密封形式、密封方法；能够确定所述计量流道上部或顶部与第一流道连通的具体连接位置、连接形式、连接方法，能够确定所述计量流道下部或底部与第二流道连通的具体连接位置、连接形式、连接方法；能够确定所述计量流道底部或下部与第三流道连通的具体连接位置、连接形式、连接方法；能够确定所述计量流道的液位测量或显示方法；能够从市场上采购或者能够利用现有技术手段制成所述计量流道。
由本领域公知知识可知：直立金属管内径不超过100mm时，管内液体在重力作用下能够产生很大的流速，能够让金属管内液位快速下降；利用超声波液位计测量密闭容器液位是本领域的成熟技术；因此超声波液位计能够准确测量直立或竖向金属管内的液位；当竖向管用透明塑料、石英制成时，能够直接观察其液位。
优选地，为了方便计量，所述计量流道为玻璃管液位计、玻璃板式液位计、彩色石英管式液位计或视镜式液位计。
优选地，为了方便计量，所述计量流道为利用浮力原理和磁力耦合作用制成的磁性浮 子式液位计或磁敏电子双色液位计。
优选地，为了实现液位计量信号远传，所述计量流道为利用浮力原理、磁力耦合作用和传感器、变送器、显示仪制成的远传型磁性浮子式液位计。
优选地，为了实现液位计量信号远传，所述计量流道包括带法兰的壳体、带法兰的磁性浮球液位变送器、上部接口、下部接口和底部接口，所述磁性浮球液位变送器下端延伸到壳体内下部；均可用金属或非金属制成。由本领域公知知识可知：磁性浮球液位变送器能够将液位转换为标准电信号并远传。
优选地，为了实现液位计量信号远传，所述计量流道包括带螺纹的壳体、带螺纹的静压式液位变送器、上部接口、下部接口和底部接口，所述静压式液位变送器下端延伸到壳体内下部；均可用金属或非金属制成。更优选地，所述静压式液位变送器可以是磁致伸缩液位变送器。由本领域公知知识可知：静压式液位变送器能够将液位转换为标准电信号并远传；当液位能够快速变化时，静压式液位变送器能够对液位进行有效计量。
优选地，为了实现液位计量信号远传，所述计量流道包括壳体、压力变送器、上部接口、下部接口和底部接口，所述压力变送器设置在壳体的下部或底部；均可用金属或非金属制成。由本领域公知知识可知：压力变送器能够将液位转换为标准电信号并远传；当液位能够快速变化时，压力变送器能够对液位进行有效计量。
优选地，为了降低成本，所述计量流道包括壳体、压力表、上部接口、下部接口和底部接口，所述压力表设置在壳体的下部或底部；均可用金属或非金属制成。由本领域公知知识可知：液柱压力与液柱高度(即液位)存在线性比例关系，在已知压力表读数和液体密度(或比重)后，能够快速计算出相应的液位。当液位能够快速变化时，压力表能够对液位进行有效计量。
优选地，为了降低成本，所述计量流道包括壳体、磁浮子、上部接口、下部接口、底部接口和有色铁粉，所述磁浮子设置在壳体内，有色铁粉设置在壳体外与磁浮子相应位置。工作原理是：当磁浮子随液位上升或下降下时，壳体外壁的有色铁粉随之上升或下降，即可指示出液位。
优选地，所述调节阀的设计压力不应低于计量流道的设计压力，所述闸阀、针型阀、截止阀、球阀、蝶阀等已知阀门均可作为调节阀应用；阀门两端连接形式众多，可以是管螺纹连接、法兰连接、活结式螺纹连接，也可以将阀门直接焊接或粘结在管线上。
优选地，所述引压口为内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔、机械零部件、 机械总成的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合；由金属材料或非金属材料制成(如高压软管)；端口可以带阀门、法兰和螺纹，其设计压力不低于加药罐的设计压力。为实现前述目的，本领域技术人员依据现有技术手段能够确定所述引压口的具体结构、形式、材质、设计压力及其端口的结构形式，能够确定所述引压口一端与加药罐连通的具体连接位置、连接形式、连接方法，能够从市场上采购所述引压口或者能够利用现有技术手段制成所述引压口。
优选地，为了方便管理，符合压力容器制造、使用标准要求，所述加药罐上设有安全阀，所述安全阀设置于加药罐顶部或上部。
优选地，所述加药罐上设有压力表或压力变送器。
优选地，所述加药罐上设有放空接口，所述放空接口设置于加药罐顶部或上部。
优选地，所述加药罐上设有排污口。
优选地，为了向加药罐内定期补充药剂，所述加药罐上设有补药接口。
为解决上述第一个技术问题，本发明所采用的第二种技术方案是：
一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，包括加药罐、第一流道、第二流道、第三流道、计量流道、开关阀、调节阀和引压口；
所述加药罐上部或顶部通过第一流道与计量流道的上部或顶部连接相通；
所述计量流道底部或下部通过第三流道与调节阀连接相通；
所述加药罐下部或底部通过第二流道与第三流道连接相通，所述第二流道上设有开关阀；
所述加药罐上部或顶部设置引压口；
所述计量流道的横截面积小于所述加药罐的横截面积。
为解决上述第一个技术问题，本发明所采用的第三种技术方案是：
一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，包括加药罐、隔板、第一流道、第二流道、第三流道、开关阀、调节阀和引压口；
所述加药罐内部用隔板分割成储药腔和计量腔，所述储药腔和计量腔的上部通过第一流道连通，所述计量腔的横截面积远小于储药腔的横截面积；
所述计量腔底部通过第三流道与调节阀连接相通；
所述储药腔底部通过第二流道与第三流道连接相通，所述第二流道上设开关阀；
所述加药罐上部或顶部设置引压口。
所述隔板起隔离计量腔和储药腔中液体的作用；所述第一流道起平衡计量腔和储药腔 压力的作用。
由本领域公知知识可知：用手持便携式超声波液位计非接触测量密闭容器液位的方法是本领域常用的技术手段，能够用于非接触快速测量立向圆形管、方形管、长方形管中液体下降的液位和液量。
优选地，所述计量腔是用1个隔板隔离成的与储药腔并列的并列式腔体；更优选地，所述计量腔是用2个以上隔板隔离成的被储药腔包夹的包夹式腔体，腔体底部应与加药罐罐底或罐壁共用，或者腔体至少应有1个立面与加药罐罐壁共用。
优选地，所述计量腔是用隔板隔离成的设置在加药罐内的独立腔室。
优选地，所述第一流道、第二流道和第三流道是内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔、机械零部件、机械总成的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合；所述第一流道起平衡计量腔和储药腔压力的作用。
优选地，所述计量腔的横截面形状呈规则的几何形状；所述计量腔由上至下的横截面积等同；所述计量腔的横截面积应能满足快速测量液位变化的需要。为实现前述目的，本领域技术人员依据现有技术手段能够确定所述计量腔的具体几何形状、横截面积、几何尺寸。
优选地，所述计量腔的横截面是正方形、长方形或圆形。
优选地，为了方便计量腔的液位远传，所述计量腔下部或底部的外侧壁上设置有压力变送器。由本领域公知知识可知：液柱压力与液柱高度(即液位)存在线性比例关系，在已知压力表读数和液体密度(或比重)后，能够快速计算出相应的液位；因此，当液位能够快速变化时，压力变送器能够对液位进行有效计量。
优选地，为了方便计量腔的液位远传，所述加药罐的计量腔内设置有磁浮子变送器；更优选地，所述磁浮子变送器包括挡板、磁浮子、检测导管和变送器。由本领域公知知识可知：用磁浮子变送器检测密闭容器内液位的方法是本领域成熟方法。
优选地，为了方便计量腔的液位远传，所述加药罐的计量腔内设置有静压式液位变送器；更优选地，所述静压式液位变送器是磁致伸缩液位变送器。由本领域公知知识可知：用静压式液位变送器检测密闭容器内液位的方法是本领域成熟方法。
优选地，为了降低成本，所述加药罐的计量腔下部或底部的外侧壁上设置有压力表。由本领域公知知识可知：液柱压力与液柱高度(即液位)存在线性比例关系，在已知压力表读数和液体密度(或比重)后，能够快速计算出相应的液位；因此，当液位能够快速变 化时，压力表能够对液位进行有效计量。
为解决上述第二个技术问题，本发明的上述装置的流量计量和调节方法，包括如下步骤：
1)通过引压口向加药罐内引入压力，调节阀的出口连接到待加药的系统装置中；
2)打开开关阀和调节阀，向待加药的系统装置中加入功能性化学剂；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入待加药的系统装置中。
优选地，上述装置在气井加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与气井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与气井油管阀门连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀以及气井套管阀门、气井油管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在套管压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入油管阀门内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入气井中。
由本领域公知知识可知：气井由套管、油管组成，气井套管的压力必然远高于气井油管的压力(有的甚至超过10MPa以上)，气井油管的压力必然高于天然气管线的压力；用引压管线将加药罐与气井套管连通后，加药罐内压力与气井套管压力相当，必然高于气井油管、天然气管线压力，加药罐内的功能性化学剂能够流进气井油管、天然气管线中。
优选地，上述装置在井场天然气管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与气井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与井场天然气管线连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、气井套管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在套管压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入井场天然气管线内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入井场天然气管线中。
优选地，上述装置在油井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与油井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与油井油管阀门连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、油井套管阀门、油井油管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在油井套管压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入油井油管阀门内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入油井油管中。
优选地，上述装置在站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与气井进站管线连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在气井进站管线压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)中。
优选地，上述装置在井场天然气管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过采气树油管阀门高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与采气树一侧的天然气管线连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与采气树另一侧的油管阀门连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、油管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线、油管阀门、上部四通进入井场天然气管线内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的 液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入井场天然气管线中。
由本领域公知知识可知：通过采气树一侧的油管阀门、上部四通向另一侧的天然气管线加药是常用的方法。
优选地，上述装置在气井套管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过采气树套管阀门高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与采气树一侧的气井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与采气树另一侧的气井套管阀门连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、气井套管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入气井套管内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入气井套管中。
优选地，上述装置在气井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过采气树油管阀门高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与采气树一侧的气井油管连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与同一气井油管连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、气井油管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入气井油管内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入气井油管中。
优选地，上述装置在油井套管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过采油树套管阀门高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与采油树一侧的油井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与采油树另一侧的油井套管阀门连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、油井套管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入油井套管内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开 关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入油井套管中。
优选地，上述装置在液体流道加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与压缩气源连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与液体流道连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在压缩气源压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入液体流道内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入液体流道中。
优选地，所述压缩气源可以是氮气瓶、液化气瓶、氧气瓶、乙炔瓶、二氧化碳气罐、压缩天然气罐(如CNG)、仪表风、空气压缩机、压风机、气泵、移动压缩气源、液氮、液体二氧化碳、液化气(如LNG)的任意一种。
优选地，上述装置在站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)连通；
2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)中。
为解决上述第二个技术问题，本发明的上述装置的流量计量和调节方法，包括如下步骤：
1)通过引压口向储药腔和计量腔内引入压力，调节阀的出口连接到待加药的系统装置中；
2)打开开关阀和调节阀，向待加药的系统装置中加入功能性化学剂；同时计量腔中的液位和储液腔中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量腔中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入待加药的系统装置中。
本发明的有益效果如下：本发明克服了现有加药装置的缺陷，能够有效解决现有加药装置和加药方法中存在的加药流量计量和调整难题，能够简化加药装置和加药工艺，能够节省加药量，能够降低加药装置费用和管理工作量等；具有实施容易，安全可靠，应用广泛，推广容易等优特点。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明
图1为现有小型加药罐周期加药法使用的加药装置结构示意图；
图2为现有平衡式加药罐连续加药法使用的加药装置结构示意图；
图3为实施例1中的加药装置结构示意图；
图4为实施例5中的计量流道结构示意图；
图5为实施例6中的计量流道结构示意图；
图6为实施例7中的计量流道结构示意图；
图7为实施例8中的计量流道结构示意图；
图8为实施例9中的计量流道结构示意图；
图9为实施例10中的加药装置结构示意图；
图10为实施例11中的加药装置结构示意图；
图11为实施例12中的加药装置结构示意图；
图12为实施例13中的加药装置结构示意图；
图13为实施例14中的加药装置结构示意图；
图14为实施例15中的加药装置结构示意图；
图15为实施例16中的加药装置结构示意图；
图16为实施例17中的加药装置结构示意图；
图17为实施例18中的加药装置结构示意图；
图18为实施例19中的加药装置结构示意图；
图19为实施例20中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图20为实施例23中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图21为实施例24中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图22为实施例25中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图23为实施例26中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图24为实施例27中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图25为实施例28中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图26为实施例29中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图27为实施例30中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图28为实施例31中的加药装置应用结构示意图；
图29为实施例32中的加药装置应用结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
参见图3所示，一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，包括加药罐300、第一流道301、第二流道302、第三流道303、计量流道304、开关阀305、调节阀306和引压口307；
所述加药罐300上部通过第一流道301与计量流道304的上部连接相通；
所述加药罐300下部通过第二流道302与计量流道304下部连接相通，所述第二流道302上设置开关阀305；
所述计量流道304底部通过第三流道303与调节阀306连接相通；
所述第一流道301、第二流道302和第三流道303均选用直径5mm、耐压32MPa且两端带法兰的不锈钢连通管；
所述加药罐300顶部设置引压口307；
所述加药罐300为卧式高压罐，罐体直径400mm、长度2000mm、设计压力32MPa、两端用焊接封头密封；
所述计量流道304为空心管，以不锈钢为材质；计量流道304的内径20mm、长度1000mm、设计压力32MPa，其上下两端焊接密封；计量流道304上部侧面距顶部50mm处焊接有50mm不锈钢短管，用于连接第一流道301；计量流道304下部侧面距底部100mm处焊接有50mm不锈钢短管，用于连接第二流道302；计量流道304底部焊接有50mm不锈钢短管，用于连接第三流道303；
所述功能性化学剂自加药罐300经第二流道302、开关阀305到调节阀306的流动阻力与自计量流道304经第三流道303到达调节阀306的流动阻力应基本相同。
根据上面的实例数据来计算，所述计量流道的横截面积远小于所述加药罐的横向截面积(约小2000倍)；能够满足短时间内计量和调节加药流量的目的。
实施例2
重复实施例1，其不同之处在于：所述计量流道304为玻璃管液位计、玻璃板式液位计、彩色石英管式液位计或视镜式液位计。
实施例3
重复实施例1，其不同之处在于：所述计量流道304为利用浮力原理和磁力耦合作用制成的磁性浮子式液位计或磁敏电子双色液位计。
实施例4
重复实施例1，其不同之处在于：所述计量流道304为利用浮力原理、磁力耦合作用和传感器、变送器、显示仪制成的远传型磁性浮子式液位计。
实施例5
参见图4所示，重复实施例1，其不同之处在于：所述计量流道304包括带法兰的壳体3041、带法兰的磁性浮球液位变送器3042、上部接口3043、下部接口3044和底部接口3045，所述磁性浮球液位变送器3042下端延伸到壳体3041内下部，磁性浮球液位变送器3042上端和壳体3041顶部法兰连接。磁性浮球液位变送器3042能够将液位转换为标准电信号并远传。
实施例6
参见图5所示，重复实施例1，其不同之处在于：所述计量流道304包括带螺纹的壳体3141、带螺纹的静压式液位变送器3142、上部接口3143、下部接口3144和底部接口3145， 所述静压式液位变送器3142下端延伸到壳体3141内下部，静压式液位变送器3142上部与壳体3141顶部之间螺纹连接；所述静压式液位变送器3142是磁致伸缩液位变送器。静压式液位变送器3142能够将液位转换为标准电信号并远传；当液位能够快速变化时，静压式液位变送器3142能够对液位进行有效计量。
实施例7
参见图6所示，重复实施例1，其不同之处在于：所述计量流道304包括壳体3241、压力变送器3242、上部接口3243、下部接口3244和底部接口3245，所述压力变送器3242设置在壳体3241的下部。压力变送器3242能够将液位转换为标准电信号并远传；当液位能够快速变化时，压力变送器3242能够对液位进行有效计量。
实施例8
参见图7所示，重复实施例1，其不同之处在于：所述计量流道304包括壳体3341、压力表3342、上部接口3343、下部接口3344和底部接口3345，所述压力表3342设置在壳体3341的下部；在已知压力表3342读数和液体密度(或比重)后，能够快速计算出相应的液位。当液位能够快速变化时，压力表3342能够对液位进行有效计量。
实施例9
参见图8所示，重复实施例1，其不同之处在于：所述计量流道304包括壳体3441、磁浮子3442、上部接口3443、下部接口3444、底部接口3445和有色铁粉3446，所述磁浮子3442设置在壳体3441内，有色铁粉3446设置在壳体3441外壁与磁浮子3442相应位置。工作原理是：当磁浮子3442随液位上升或下降时，壳体3441外壁的有色铁粉3446随之上升或下降，即可指示出液位。
实施例10
参见图9所示，一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，包括加药罐300、第一流道301、第二流道302、第三流道303、计量流道304、开关阀305、调节阀306和引压口307；
所述加药罐300上部通过第一流道301与计量流道304的顶部连接相通；
所述计量流道304底部通过第三流道303与调节阀306连接相通；
所述加药罐300下部通过第二流道302与第三流道303连接相通，第二流道302和第三流道303的连接处形成三通连接方式；所述第二流道302上设有开关阀305；
所述第一流道301、第二流道302和第三流道303均选用直径25mm、耐压10MPa且两端带法兰的不锈钢连通管；
所述加药罐300顶部设置引压口307；
所述加药罐300为卧式中压罐，罐体直径2000mm、长度4000mm、设计压力3MPa、两端用焊接封头密封；
所述计量流道304为空心管，以透明塑料为材质；计量流道304的内径10mm、长度1000mm、设计压力5MPa，其上下两端粘结密封；计量流道304上部侧面距顶部50mm处粘接有50mm塑料短管，用于连接第一流道301；计量流道304下部侧面距底部100mm处粘接有50mm塑料短管，用于连接第二流道302；计量流道304底部粘接有50mm塑料短管，用于连接第三流道303；
根据上面的实例数据来计算，所述计量流道的横截面积远小于所述加药罐的横截面积(约小80000倍)；能够满足短时间内计量和调节加药量的目的。
实施例11
参见图10所示，重复实施例10，其不同之处在于：所述加药罐300底部通过第二流道302与第三流道303连接相通。
实施例12
参见图11所示，一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，包括加药罐300、第一流道301、第二流道302、第三流道303、计量流道304、开关阀305、调节阀306和引压口307；
所述加药罐300顶部通过第一流道301与计量流道304的上部连接相通；
所述计量流道304底部通过第三流道303与调节阀306连接相通；
所述加药罐300底部通过第二流道302与计量流道304的下部连接相通；所述第二流道302上设有开关阀305；
所述第一流道301、第二流道302和第三流道303均选用直径10mm、耐压5MPa且两端带法兰的不锈钢连通管；
所述加药罐300顶部设置引压口307；
所述加药罐300为卧式低压罐，罐体直径1000mm、长度2500mm、设计压力1MPa、两端用焊接封头密封；
所述计量流道304为不锈钢空心管，其内径15mm、长度1800mm、设计压力1MPa；计量流道304上部侧面距顶部50mm处焊接有50mm不锈钢短管，用于连接第一流道301；计量流道304下部侧面距底部100mm处焊接有50mm不锈钢短管，用于连接第二流道302；计量流道304底部焊接有50mm不锈钢短管，用于连接第三流道303；
根据上面的实例数据来计算，所述计量流道的截横面积远小于所述加药罐的横向截面积(约小10000倍)；能够满足短时间内计量和调节加药量的目的；
所述加药罐300的顶部设有安全阀308；
所述加药罐300的顶部设有压力表309；
所述加药罐300顶部设有放空接口310；
所述加药罐300的底部设有排污口311；
所述加药罐300上设有补药接口312。
实施例13
参见图12所示，一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，包括加药罐400、第一流道401、第二流道402、第三流道403、隔板404、开关阀405、调节阀406和引压口407；
本实施例中，所述加药罐300为卧式低压长方体罐，罐体长度为2500mm，罐体宽度为1000mm，罐体高度为1000mm，设计压力为1MPa；
所述加药罐400内部用1个隔板404分割成并列的储药腔408和计量腔409；所述计量腔409由上至下的横截面呈10mm×1000mm的长方形；根据上面的数据来计算，所述计量腔409的横截面积远小于所述储药腔408的横截面积(约250倍)；能够满足短时间内计量和调节加药量的目的；
所述储药腔408和计量腔409的上部通过第一流道401连通，本实施例中，第一流道401为设置在隔板上的孔道；
所述计量腔409底部通过第三流道403与调节阀406连接相通；
所述储药腔408底部通过第二流道402与第三流道403连接相通；所述第二流道402上设开关阀405；
所述加药罐400顶部设引压口407。
本实施例的技术方案与实施例1-12的技术相比，只是一种简单的变形，本质上是加药罐和计量流道为一体结构设置；通过设置隔板，使储药腔的功能和作用等同于上述实施例中的加药罐，使计量腔的功能和作用等同于上述实施例中的计量流道；
实施例14
参见图13所示，重复实施例13，其不同之处在于：
所述加药罐300为卧式高压罐，罐体直径500mm、长度2500mm、设计压力25MPa、两端用焊接封头密封；
所述加药罐400内部用2个隔板404分割成储药腔408和计量腔409，2个隔板间距为10mm；
所述计量腔409被左储药腔4081和右储药腔4082包夹，腔体底部为加药罐底部外壁的一部分，即腔体底部与加药罐底部外壁共用；
所述计量腔409由上至下的横截面均呈长方形，最大横截面为500mm×10mm长方形；根据上面的数据来计算，所述计量腔409的最大横截面积远小于所述储药腔408的最大横截面积(约250倍)；能够满足短时间内计量和调节加药量的目的；
实施例15
参见图14所示，重复实施例13或14，其不同之处在于：
所述加药罐300为卧式高压罐，罐体直径1000mm、长度2000mm、设计压力15MPa、两端用焊接封头密封；
所述计量腔409是设置在加药罐400内的高900mm的独立腔室；所述计量腔409由上至下的横截面呈10×10mm的正方形、或呈10×20mm的长方形、或呈直径20mm的圆形。
实施例16
参见图15所示，重复实施例13、14或15，其不同之处在于：所述的计量腔409下部或底部的外侧壁上设置有压力变送器4091。在已知压力变送器4091读数和液体密度(或比重)后，能够快速计算出相应的液位；因此，当液位能够快速变化时，压力变送器能够对液位进行有效计量。
实施例17
参见图16所示，重复实施例13、14或15，其不同之处在于：所述计量腔409内设置有磁浮子变送器4092；所述磁浮子变送器包括挡板40921、磁浮子40922、检测导管40923和变送器40924。用磁浮子变送器4092能检测计量腔内的液位。
实施例18
参见图17所示，重复实施例13、14或15，其不同之处在于：所述计量腔409内设置有静压式液位变送器4093；所述静压式液位变送器4093是磁致伸缩液位变送器。用静压式液位变送器能够检测密计量腔内的液位。
实施例19
参见图18所示，重复实施例13、14或15，其不同之处在于：所述计量腔409下部或底部的外侧设置有压力表4094。在已知压力表读数和液体密度(或比重)后，能够快速计 算出相应的液位；因此，当液位能够快速变化时，压力表能够对液位进行有效计量。
实施例20
参见图19所示，实施例1-12所述装置在气井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，包括如下步骤：
1)连线：
先用引压管线501将加药罐300的引压口307与气井套管阀门503连通，再用加药管线502将加药装置的调节阀306与气井油管阀门504连通；
2)加药：
打开开关阀305、调节阀306以及气井套管阀门503、气井油管阀门504，加药罐300中的功能性化学剂就会在气井套管压力作用下依次通过开关阀305、计量流道304、调节阀306、加药管线502、气井油管阀门504进入气井油管内；同时加药罐300和计量流道304中的液位自动达到平衡；
由本领域公知知识可知：气井由套管、油管组成，气井套管的压力必然远高于气井油管的压力(有的甚至超过10MPa以上)，气井油管的压力必然高于天然气管线的压力；用引压管线501将加药罐300与气井套管阀门503连通后，加药罐300内压力与气井套管压力相当，必然高于气井油管、天然气管线500压力，加药罐300内的功能性化学剂能够流进气井油管、天然气管线500中；
3)计量：
关闭开关阀305，加药罐300中的药剂停止流出，计量流道304中的药剂开始通过调节阀306、加药管线502进入气井油管阀门504内，计量流道304的液位快速降低；通过测量、记录计量流道304液位降低所需时间，即可依据计量流道304已知的横截面积(又称流通面积)快速计算出计量流道304的加药流量；
4)调节加药流量：
根据计量流道304快速计量出加药罐300当前加药流量，根据加药量要求的大小调整调节阀306开度；重复计量和本调节步骤，将计量流道304的加药流量调整至所需加药流量；然后把开关阀305打开，加药罐300内的药剂就会以所需加药流量进入气井油管阀门504内。
或者，根据计量流道304快速计量出加药罐300当前加药流量，根据加药量要求的大小调整调节阀306开度；然后打开开关阀305直至计量流道304的液位和加药罐300的液 位平衡，再关闭开关阀305，再次快速计量出计量流道304的加药流量；重复计量和本调节步骤，将计量流道304的加药流量调整至所需加药流量；然后把开关阀305打开，加药罐300内的药剂就会以所需加药流量进入气井油管阀门504内。
由本领域公知知识计算可知：由于第二流道302、开关阀305的总长度(或当量总长度)很短(一般不会超过1米)，远远低于计量流道304至气井油管阀门504的加药管线502长度(一般在10米以上)；药剂由加药罐300进入计量流道304的流动阻力可以忽略不计，计量流道304流入气井油管阀门504的加药流量与加药罐300流入气井油管阀门504的加药流量差别同样可以忽略不计；因此，用计量流道304能够精确计量加药罐300的加药流量；
实施例21
参见图11、图19所示，所述加药罐300为锰钢压力容器，内径600mm(外径700mm)，设计压力25MPa，长度1500mm，两端用椭圆封头焊接密封；右侧封头处上、下各焊接1个DN20mm16Mn钢法兰短管；顶部中央焊接1个DN25mm锰钢法兰式安全阀接口并安装弹簧式安全阀，顶部左侧焊接1个DN15mm锰钢法兰式放空接口307并安装针形阀，顶部右侧焊接1个DN15mm锰钢螺纹压力表接口并安装针形阀、压力表；底部焊接1个DN25mm锰钢法兰式补药接口并安装针形阀、止回阀；
所述第一流道301和第二流道302为不锈钢管，直径DN20mm、耐压32MPa、两端带DN20mm不锈钢法兰；
所述计量流道304是不锈钢管，直径DN20mm(内径20mm)，长度1400mm，设计压力32MPa；上下两端焊接密封，同一侧面上、下各焊接1个DN20mm不锈钢法兰短管，上部法兰短管距顶部150mm，下部法兰短管距底部150mm，底部焊接1个DN15mm不锈钢螺纹短管(第三流道303)；计量流道304的底部比加药罐300底部低350mm、顶部比加药罐300顶部高350mm；
计量流道304底部焊接的DN15mm304不锈钢螺纹短管是第三流道303；
所述调节阀306为DN15mm不锈钢螺纹连接截止阀；
所述开关阀305为DN20mm不锈钢法兰截止阀。
提高加药流量的具体操作步骤是：
1)关闭开关阀305，加药罐300中的药剂停止流出，计量流道304中的药剂通过调节阀306、加药管线502进入气井油管阀门504内，计量流道304的液位快速降低；
2)用便携式超声波液位计测量计量流道304液位降低一定液位(如50mm)所需的时间， 依据其已知横截面积计算其流出的药剂流量，即可获得当前加药流量；
3)然后开大调节阀306开度，用计量流道304获得新加药流量，并判断该新加药流量是否满足需求；如果该新加药流量仍然小于所需加药流量，则再次开打调节阀306开度，再次用计量流道304获得新的加药流量，并判断该新的加药流量是否满足需求。反之，如果该新加药流量已经大于所需加药流量，则减小调节阀306开度，再次用计量流道304获得新的加药流量，并判断该新的加药流量是否满足需求；
4)如此调整几次，即可将计量流道304的加药流量提高至所需流量；
5)然后打开开关阀305，加药罐300内的药剂就会以所需加药流量进入气井油管阀门504内，从而实现了加药流量快速计量、快速调整的目的。
由本领域公知知识可知：内径20mm的不锈钢管恒定横截面积为0.000314m2(或314mm2)，液位降低50mm的液量为0.0157升(或15.7毫升)；0.5升/小时的加药流量计量确认所需的时间仅为113秒；1.25升/小时的加药流量计量确认所需的时间仅为45秒。
由本领域公知知识计算可知：用超声波液位计或手持便携式超声波液位计测量密闭容器液位的方法是本领域常用的技术手段，能够用于非接触快速测量金属管内的液体液位，能够用于快速测量立向管中液体下降的液位和液量。
实施例22
重复实施例21，其不同之处在于：
所述计量流道304是管内径50mm、长度500mm、设计压力25MPa、底部比加药罐300底部高100mm、顶部比加药罐300顶部低100mm的磁性浮子式液位计。
降低加药流量的操作步骤是：
1)关闭开关阀305，加药罐300中的药剂停止流出，计量流道304中的药剂通过调节阀306、加药管线502进入气井油管阀门504内，计量流道304的液位快速降低；
2)根据磁性浮子式液位计的磁翻板刻度指示，测量记录计量流道304液位降低一定液位(如10mm)所需的时间，依据其已知横截面积计算其流出的药剂流量，即可获得当前加药流量；
3)然后减小调节阀306开度，用计量流道304获得新加药流量，并判断该新加药流量是否满足需求；如果该新加药流量仍然大于所需加药流量，则再次减小调节阀306开度，再次用计量流道304获得新的加药流量，并判断该新的加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果该新加药流量已经小于所需加药流量，则开大调节阀306开度，再次用计量流道304获 得新的加药流量，并判断该新的加药流量是否满足需求；
4)如此调整几次，即可将计量流道304的加药流量提高至所需流量；
5)然后打开开关阀305，加药罐300内的药剂就会以所需加药流量进入气井油管阀门504内，从而实现了加药流量快速计量、快速调整的目的。
由本领域公知知识计算可知：管内径50mm的不锈钢管恒定横截面积为0.0019625m2(或1962.5mm2)，液位降低10mm的液量为0.019625升(或19.625毫升)；0.5升/小时的加药流量计量确认所需的时间仅为141秒；1.25升/小时的加药流量计量确认所需的时间仅为57秒。
由本领域公知知识可知：用磁性浮子式液位计测量、显示密闭容器液位的方法是本领域常用的技术手段，下部有的有排污阀和排污管，有的没有排污阀和排污管。
实施例23
参见图20所示，重复实施例20、21或22，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例1-12所述装置应用在井场天然气管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与气井套管阀门503连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与井场天然气管线500连通。
实施例24
参见图21所示，重复实施例20、21或22，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例1-12所述装置应用在油井600油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与油井套管阀门603连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与油井油管阀门604连通。
实施例25
参见图22所示，重复实施例20、21或22，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例1-12所述装置应用在站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与气井进站管线703连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)704连通。
实施例26
参见图23所示，重复实施例23，将实施例1-12所述装置应用在井场天然气管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐300底部架高至超过采气树油管阀门504高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与采气树一侧的 天然气管线500连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与采气树另一侧的油管阀门504连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀305、调节阀306以及气井油管阀门504，加药罐300中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀305、计量流道304、调节阀306、加药管线502、气井油管阀门504、上部四通505进入井场天然气管线内；同时加药罐300和计量流道304中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例27
参见图24所示，重复实施例23，将实施例1-12所述装置应用在气井套管加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐300底部架高至超过采气树套管阀门503高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与采气树一侧的气井套管阀门503连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与采气树另一侧的气井套管阀门连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀305、调节阀306以及采气树两侧的气井套管阀门503，加药罐300中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀305、计量流道304、调节阀306、加药管线502、气井套管阀门503进入气井套管内；同时加药罐300和计量流道304中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例28
参见图25所示，重复实施例23，将实施例1-12所述装置应用在气井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐300底部架高至超过采气树油管阀门504高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与采气树一侧的气井油管阀门504连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与同一气井油管504阀门连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀305、调节阀306以及气井油管阀门504，加药罐300中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀305、计量流道304、调节阀306、加药管线502、气井油管阀门504进入气井油管内；同时加药罐300和计量流道304中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例29
参见图26所示，重复实施例23，将实施例1-12所述装置应用在油井600套管加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐300底部架高至超过采油树套管阀门603高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与采油树一侧的油井套管阀门603连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与采油树另一侧的油井套管阀门连 通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀305、调节阀306以及采油树两侧的油井600套管阀门603，加药罐300中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀305、计量流道304、调节阀306、加药管线502、油井600套管阀门603进入油井600套管内；同时加药罐300和计量流道304中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例30
参见图27所示，重复实施例23，将实施例1-12所述装置应用在液体流道加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与压缩气源803连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与液体流道804连通。
所述压缩气源可以是氮气瓶、液化气瓶、氧气瓶、乙炔瓶、二氧化碳气罐、压缩天然气罐(如CNG)、仪表风、空气压缩机、压风机、气泵、移动压缩气源、压缩天然气(如CNG)、液氮、液体二氧化碳、液化气(如LNG)的任意一种。
实施例31
参见图28所示，重复实施例23，将实施例1-12所述装置应用在站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐300底部架高至超过站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)704高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐300上的引压口307与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)704连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀306与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)704连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀305、调节阀306，加药罐300中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀305、计量流道304、调节阀306、加药管线502进入站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)内；同时加药罐300和计量流道304中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例32
参见图29所示，实施例13-19所述装置在气井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，包括如下步骤：
1)连线：
先用引压管线501将加药罐400的引压口407与气井套管阀门503连通，再用加药管线502将加药装置的调节阀406与气井油管阀门504连通；
2)加药：
打开开关阀405、调节阀406以及气井套管阀门503、气井油管阀门504，储药腔408中的功能性化学剂就会在气井套管压力作用下依次通过开关阀405、第三流道403、调节阀406、加药管线502、气井油管阀门504进入气井油管内；同时储药腔408和计量腔409中的液位自动达到平衡；
3)计量：
关闭开关阀405，储药腔408中的药剂停止流出，计量腔409中的药剂开始通过调节阀406、加药管线502进入气井油管阀门504内，计量腔409的液位快速降低；通过测量、记录计量腔409液位降低所需时间，即可依据计量腔409已知的横截面积(又称流通面积)快速计算出计量腔409的加药流量；
4)调节加药流量：
根据计量腔409快速计量出储药腔408当前加药流量，根据加药量要求的大小调整调节阀406开度；重复计量和本调节步骤，将计量腔409的加药流量调整至所需加药流量；然后把开关阀405打开，储药腔408内的药剂就会以所需加药流量进入气井油管阀门504内。
或者，根据计量腔409快速计量出储药腔408当前加药流量，根据加药量要求的大小调整调节阀406开度；然后打开开关阀405直至计量腔409的液位和储药腔408的液位平衡，再关闭开关阀405，再次快速计量出计量腔409的加药流量；重复计量和本调节步骤，将计量腔409的加药流量调整至所需加药流量；然后把开关阀405打开，储药腔408内的药剂就会以所需加药流量进入气井油管阀门504内。
实施例33
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在井场天然气管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与气井套管阀门503连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀406与井场天然气管线500连通。
实施例34
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在油井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与油井套管阀门603连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀406与油井油管阀门604连通。
实施例35
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与气井进站管线703连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀406与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)704连通。
实施例36
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在井场天然气管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐400底部架高至超过采气树油管阀门504高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与采气树一侧的天然气管线500连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀406与采气树另一侧的油管阀门504连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀405、调节阀406以及气井油管阀门504，加药罐400储药腔408中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀405、第三流道403、调节阀406、加药管线502、气井油管阀门504、上部四通505进入井场天然气管线内；同时储药腔408和和计量腔409中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例37
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在气井套管加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐400底部架高至超过采气树套管阀门503高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与采气树一侧的气井套管阀门503连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀406与采气树另一侧的气井套管阀门503连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀405、调节阀406以及采气树两侧的气井套管阀门503，加药罐400储药腔408中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀405、第三流道403、调节阀406、加药管线502、气井套管阀门503进入气井套管内；同时储药腔408和和计量腔409中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例38
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在气井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐400底部架高至超过采气树油管阀门504高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与采气树一侧的气 井油管阀门504连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀406与同一气井油管阀门504连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀405、调节阀406以及气井油管阀门504，加药罐400储药腔408中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀405、第三流道403、调节阀406、加药管线502、气井油管阀门504进入气井套管内；同时储药腔408和和计量腔409中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例39
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在油井套管加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐400底部架高至超过油井600采油树套管阀门603高度，用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与采油树一侧的油井套管阀门603连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀与采油树另一侧的油井套管阀门603连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀405、调节阀406以及采油树两侧的套管阀门603，加药罐400储药腔408中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀405、第三流道403、调节阀406、加药管线502、油井套管阀门603进入油井套管内；同时储药腔408和和计量腔409中的液位自动达到平衡。
实施例40
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在液体流道加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与压缩气源803连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀406与液体流道804连通。
所述压缩气源可以是氮气瓶、液化气瓶、氧气瓶、乙炔瓶、二氧化碳气罐、压缩天然气罐(如CNG)、仪表风、空气压缩机、压风机、气泵、移动压缩气源、压缩天然气(如CNG)、液氮、液体二氧化碳、液化气(如LNG)的任意一种。
实施例41
重复实施例32，其不同之处仅在于：将实施例13-19所述装置应用在站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)加药过程中的流量计量和调节。在结构上的不同仅在于：先将加药罐400底部架高至超过站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)704高度，然后用引压管线501将加药罐400上的引压口407与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)704连通，再用加药管线502将调节阀406与站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)704连通。
在加药步骤上的不同仅在于：打开开关阀405、调节阀406，加药罐400储药腔408 中的功能性化学剂就会在重力作用下依次通过开关阀405、第三流道403、调节阀406、加药管线502进入站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)内；同时储药腔408和和计量腔409中的液位自动达到平衡。
本文中所采用的描述方位的词语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等均是为了说明的方便基于附图中图面所示的方位而言的，在实际装置中这些方位可能由于装置的摆放方式而有所不同。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：包括加药罐、第一流道、第二流道、第三流道、计量流道、开关阀、调节阀和引压口；
    所述加药罐上部或顶部通过第一流道与计量流道的上部或顶部连接相通；
    所述加药罐下部或底部通过第二流道与计量流道下部或底部连接相通，所述第二流道上设置开关阀；
    所述计量流道底部或下部通过第三流道与调节阀连接相通；
    所述加药罐上部或顶部设置引压口；
    所述计量流道的横截面积小于所述加药罐的横截面积。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述第一流道、第二流道和第三流道为内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔、机械零部件、机械总成的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道为内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔、机械零部件、机械总成的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道为玻璃管液位计、玻璃板式液位计、彩色石英管式液位计或视镜式液位计。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道为利用浮力原理和磁力耦合作用制成的磁性浮子式液位计或磁敏电子双色液位计。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道为利用浮力原理、磁力耦合作用和传感器、变送器、显示仪制成的远传型磁性浮子式液位计。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道包括带法兰的壳体、带法兰的磁性浮球液位变送器、上部接口、下部接口和底部接口，所述磁性浮球液位变送器下端延伸到壳体内下部。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道包括带螺纹的壳体、带螺纹的静压式液位变送器、上部接口、下部接口和底部接口，所述静压式液位变送器下端延伸到壳体内下部；更优选地，所述静压式液位变送器 可以是磁致伸缩液位变送器。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道包括壳体、压力变送器、上部接口、下部接口和底部接口，所述压力变送器设置在壳体的下部或底部。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道包括壳体、压力表、上部接口、下部接口和底部接口，所述压力表设置在壳体的下部或底部。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量流道包括壳体、磁浮子、上部接口、下部接口、底部接口和有色铁粉，所述磁浮子设置在壳体内，有色铁粉设置在壳体外与磁浮子相应位置。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述调节阀的设计压力不应低于计量流道的设计压力，且所述调节阀选自闸阀、针型阀、截止阀、球阀或蝶阀。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述引压口为内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔、机械零部件、机械总成的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：
    所述加药罐上设有安全阀，所述安全阀设置于加药罐顶部或上部；
    所述加药罐上设有压力表或压力变送器；
    所述加药罐上设有放空接口，所述放空接口设置于加药罐顶部或上部；
    所述加药罐上设有排污口；
    所述加药罐上设有补药接口。
  15. 一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：包括加药罐、第一流道、第二流道、第三流道、计量流道、开关阀、调节阀和引压口；
    所述加药罐上部或顶部通过第一流道与计量流道的上部或顶部连接相通；
    所述计量流道底部或下部通过第三流道与调节阀连接相通；
    所述加药罐下部或底部通过第二流道与第三流道连接相通，所述第二流道上设有开关阀；
    所述加药罐上部或顶部设置引压口；
    所述计量流道的横截面积小于所述加药罐的横截面积。
  16. 一种便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：包括加药罐、隔板、第一流道、第二流道、第三流道、开关阀、调节阀和引压口；
    所述加药罐内部用隔板分割成储药腔和计量腔，所述储药腔和计量腔的上部通过第一流道连通，所述计量腔的横截面积远小于储药腔的横截面积；
    所述计量腔底部通过第三流道与调节阀连接相通；
    所述储药腔底部通过第二流道与第三流道连接相通，所述第二流道上设开关阀；
    所述加药罐上部或顶部设置引压口。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量腔是用1个隔板隔离成的与储药腔并列的并列式腔体；更优选地，所述计量腔是用2个以上隔板隔离成的被储药腔包夹的包夹式腔体，腔体底部与加药罐底或罐壁共用，或者腔体至少有1个立面与加药罐壁共用。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量腔是用隔板隔离成的设置在加药罐内的独立腔室。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述第一流道、第二流道和第三流道是内部设有流体通道的管线、管件、孔道、通孔、机械零部件、机械总成的任意一种或任意两种以上的组合。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量腔的横截面形状呈规则的几何形状；所述计量腔由上至下的横截面积等同。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量腔的横截面是正方形、长方形或圆形。
  22. 根据权利要求16所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述计量腔下部或底部的外侧壁上设置有压力变送器。
  23. 根据权利要求16所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述加药罐的计量腔内设置有磁浮子变送器；更优选地，所述磁浮子变送器包括挡板、磁浮子、检测导管和变送器。
  24. 根据权利要求16所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述加药罐的计量腔内设置有静压式液位变送器；更优选地，所述静压式液位变送器是磁致伸缩液位变送器。
  25. 根据权利要求16所述便于药剂计量和调节的加药装置，其特征在于：优选地，所述加药罐的计量腔下部或底部的外侧壁上设置有压力表。
  26. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置的加药流量计量和调节方法，包括如下步骤：
    1)通过引压口向加药罐内引入压力，调节阀的出口连接到待加药的系统装置中；
    2)打开开关阀和调节阀，向待加药的系统装置中加入功能性化学剂；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入待加药的系统装置中。
  27. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在气井加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与气井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与气井油管阀门连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀以及气井套管阀门、气井油管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在套管压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入油管阀门内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂 的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入气井中。
  28. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在井场天然气管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与气井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与井场天然气管线连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、气井套管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在套管压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入井场天然气管线内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入井场天然气管线中。
  29. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在油井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与油井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与油井油管阀门连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、油井套管阀门、油井油管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在油井套管压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入油井油管阀门内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入油井油管中。
  30. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在站间天然气管线(或集气站外输管线)加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与气井进站管线连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在气井进站管线压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化 值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线中。
  31. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在井场天然气管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过采气树油管阀门高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与采气树一侧的天然气管线连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与采气树另一侧的油管阀门连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、油管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线、油管阀门、上部四通进入井场天然气管线内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的 液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入井场天然气管线中。
  32. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在气井套管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过采气树套管阀门高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与采气树一侧的气井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与采气树另一侧的气井套管阀门连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、气井套管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入气井套管内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入气井套管中。
  33. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在气井油管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过采气树油管阀门高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与采气树一侧的气井油管连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与同一气井油管连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、气井油管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入气井油管内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入气井油管中。
  34. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在油井套管加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过采油树套管阀门高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与采油树一侧的油井套管阀门连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与采油树另一侧的油井套管阀门连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀、油井套管阀门，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入油井套管内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入油井套管中。
  35. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在液体流道加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：
    1)先用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与压缩气源连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与液体流道连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在压缩气源压力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入液体流道内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入液体流道中。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于：优选地，所述压缩气 源可以是氮气瓶、液化气瓶、氧气瓶、乙炔瓶、二氧化碳气罐、压缩天然气罐、仪表风、空气压缩机、压风机、气泵、移动压缩气源、液氮、液体二氧化碳、液化气的任意一种。
  37. 如权利要求1-15中任一装置在站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线加药过程中的流量计量和调节方法：
    1)先将加药罐底部架高至超过站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线高度，然后用引压管线将加药罐上的引压口与站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线连通，再用加药管线将调节阀与站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线连通；
    2)然后打开开关阀、调节阀，加药罐中的功能性化学剂在重力作用下依次通过开关阀、计量流道、调节阀、加药管线进入站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线内；同时加药罐和计量流道中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量流道中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入站间天然气管线或集气站外输管线中。
  38. 如权利要求16-25中任一装置的加药流量计量和调节方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    1)通过引压口向储药腔和计量腔内引入压力，调节阀的出口连接到待加药的系统装置中；
    2)打开开关阀和调节阀，向待加药的系统装置中加入功能性化学剂；同时计量腔中的 液位和储液腔中的液位自动达到平衡；
    3)关闭开关阀，收集液位在计量腔中的变化值，计算出药剂的加药流量；
    4)如果加药流量过大，则调小调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则调大调节阀的开度，然后再次收集液位在计量流道中的变化值、再次计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    或者，步骤4)采用如下步骤：如果加药流量过大，则先调小调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；反之，如果加药流量过小，则先调大调节阀的开度，再打开开关阀直至计量流道中的液位和加药罐中的液位平衡，然后关闭开关阀、收集液位在计量流道中的变化值并计算出药剂的加药流量，并判断该加药流量是否满足需求；
    5)重复步骤4)，直至将加药流量调节至所需流量；
    6)打开开关阀，加药罐内药剂按照调节后的所需加药流量加入待加药的系统装置中。
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