WO2015096486A1 - 导频资源分配方法及装置 - Google Patents

导频资源分配方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015096486A1
WO2015096486A1 PCT/CN2014/083956 CN2014083956W WO2015096486A1 WO 2015096486 A1 WO2015096486 A1 WO 2015096486A1 CN 2014083956 W CN2014083956 W CN 2014083956W WO 2015096486 A1 WO2015096486 A1 WO 2015096486A1
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Prior art keywords
pilot
cell
structure multi
linear structure
cell system
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PCT/CN2014/083956
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄永明
王海荣
杜颖钢
杨绿溪
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2015096486A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015096486A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/20Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/02Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
    • H04W16/10Dynamic resource partitioning
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for allocating pilot resources.
  • MIM0 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
  • M Top 0 allows multiple antennas to simultaneously transmit and receive multiple spatial streams, and is capable of distributing signals to or from different spatial orientations.
  • Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems Large-scale MHTO is mainly used in Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems.
  • the uplink and downlink channels use the same spectrum, so the uplink channel estimation results can be used to predict downlink channel information. Since the channel coherence time is limited, the number of pilot sequences transmitted during this time is also limited. Therefore, it is unavoidable that users of different cells simultaneously transmit pilot sequences on the same pilot frame, thereby causing the target cell.
  • the base station cannot distinguish the pilots of different cells, so that the dominant frequency sequence cannot be determined, and "pilot pollution" is formed. In multi-cell TDD systems, pilot pollution is a bottleneck that constrains the performance of the entire large-scale MM0 system.
  • the first method adopts an offset frame structure, and the transmission of pilot frames between different cells is shifted from each other, and the pilot frame transmission time slot of the target cell corresponds to other cells.
  • the data frame transmits time slots, since the data is uncorrelated with the pilot sequence, thereby avoiding pilot pollution.
  • the second method is to divide multiple cells in the system into multiple different groups. Users in the same group simultaneously transmit pilot frames, while users in different groups transmit pilot frames in non-overlapping time slots. Since the data is not related to the pilot sequence, pilot pollution exists only between the same group of users. .
  • the first method when the number of cells is large, if the pilot frame transmission time slot of each target cell corresponds to the data frame transmission time slot of other cells, the signaling overhead is large; and because the data length is limited It is impossible to make the transmission of pilot frames between all different cells staggered from each other, that is, it is impossible to make the pilot frame transmission slots of all target cells correspond to the data frame transmission slots of other cells, so there will be certain pilots. Pollution, affecting the performance of the system.
  • the second method has too much modification to the frame structure of the existing system, and lacks practicality. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method and device for allocating pilot resources.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • a method for allocating pilot resources includes:
  • All the cells in the linear structure multi-cell system are allocated the same pilot sequence set, and the UEs in the same cell in the linear structure multi-cell system adopt orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal pilot sequences;
  • At least one pilot resource of the linear structure multi-cell system into a first pilot frame and a second pilot frame, where the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame are in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain.
  • Disconnecting the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame to the first cell group and the second cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, respectively, so that the UE in the first cell group Transmitting a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame, the UE in the second cell group transmitting a pilot sequence, the first cell group and the second cell group on the second pilot frame Each includes multiple cells.
  • the method further includes:
  • the cellular multi-cell system is divided into multiple linear multi-cell systems according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell.
  • the method further includes:
  • the pilot frame of one linear structure multi-cell system is offset from the pilot frame position of another linear structure multi-cell system.
  • the method further includes:
  • the pilot sequence of one linear structure multi-cell system is orthogonal to the pilot sequence of another linear structure multi-cell system.
  • the cellular structure multi-cell system is divided into multiple linearities according to a neighbor relationship and location of the cell
  • the structured multi-cell system includes:
  • the cells in the same structure on the same straight line and the two adjacent cells are classified into a linear multi-cell system, and a plurality of linear multi-cell systems are obtained;
  • a pilot resource allocation apparatus is provided, where the apparatus includes:
  • An allocating module configured to allocate the same set of pilot sequences to all cells in the linear structure multi-cell system, where the UEs in the same cell in the linear multi-cell system adopt orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal pilot sequences;
  • a first dividing module configured to divide at least a pilot resource of the linear structure multi-cell system into a first pilot frame and a second pilot frame, where the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame are in a time domain And not overlapping with at least one of the frequency domains, respectively, the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame are respectively allocated to the first cell group and the second cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, so that the The UE in the first cell group sends a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame, and the UE in the second cell group sends a pilot sequence on the second pilot frame, the first cell group And the second cell group includes a plurality of cells.
  • the device includes:
  • the second dividing module is configured to divide the cellular multi-cell system into a plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell for the cellular multi-cell system.
  • the two adjacent two linear structure multi-cell systems in the multiple linear structure multi-cell system one of The pilot frame of the linear structure multi-cell system is offset from the pilot frame position of another linear structure multi-cell system.
  • one of The pilot sequence of the linear structure multi-cell system is orthogonal to the pilot sequence of another linear structure multi-cell system.
  • the second dividing module is further configured to: the cellular structure multi-cell according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell The cells in the system on the same straight line and adjacent to each other are divided into a linear multi-cell system, and a plurality of linear multi-cell systems are obtained; or
  • the second dividing module is further configured to divide the cells in the same circular shape and the two adjacent cells into a circular structure multi-cell system according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell. , obtaining a plurality of circular structure multi-cell systems.
  • the pilot resources of the linear structure multi-cell system are at least divided into first pilot frames and seconds that do not coincide in the time domain and/or frequency domain.
  • a pilot frame, and the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame are respectively allocated to the first cell group and the second cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, so that the UE in the cell of the first cell group Transmitting a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame, and the UE in the cell of the second cell group sends a pilot sequence on the second pilot frame, so that the neighboring cell can be in the time domain and/or the frequency domain.
  • Coincident pilot The pilot sequence is transmitted on the frame, so that the pilot pollution between adjacent cells can be completely avoided, the performance of the system is improved, and the frame structure is changed little, which has good practicability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear structure multi-cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure lb is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-cell system of a cellular structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure lc is a flow chart of a pilot resource allocation method
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear structure multi-cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure when a cell pilot sequence is allocated according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of comparison of downlink reachability and rate performance of each cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for allocating pilot resources according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cell structure multi-cell system partitioning according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of pilot sequence offset between linear multi-cell systems according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of cell grouping for a cellular multi-cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a pilot resource allocation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a linear structure multi-cell system means that a plurality of cells are arranged in a linear structure. As shown in the left diagram of la, it is a representation of a linear structure: a straight line, and the right picture in the figure la, which is another representation of a linear structure: a circular ring.
  • the linear structure may have other expressions such as a curved shape, and will not be described herein.
  • Cellular multi-cell system is a current wireless communication network architecture. Often there are three sectors in a cell. As shown in Figure lb, it is a representation of the honeycomb structure.
  • FIG. 1c is a flowchart of another method for allocating pilot resources according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the executor of the method can be a control device, see Figure lc, the method includes:
  • orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal pilot sequences are allocated to UEs in the same cell, and all cells in the linear multi-cell system are multiplexed.
  • the pilot resources of the linear structure multi-cell system are divided into at least a first pilot frame and a second pilot frame, where the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame are in a time domain and a frequency domain. Distributing the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame to the first cell group and the second cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, respectively, so that the at least one does not coincide, so that the first cell group is within the first cell group.
  • the UE transmits a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame, and the UE in the second cell group transmits a pilot sequence on the second pilot frame, the first cell group and the second
  • the cell groups each include a plurality of cells.
  • pilot frames are allocated to neighboring cells in a linear structure multi-cell system.
  • all the cells in the multi-cell system of the linear structure are sequentially numbered according to their arrangement order, and a plurality of cells numbered oddly are divided into a first cell group, and a plurality of cells numbered evenly are divided into a second cell group.
  • Dividing the pilot frame into two parts that are not overlapping, that is, the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame, and allocating the first pilot frame to each cell in the first cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system Allocating the second pilot frame to each cell in the second cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, so that the UE of each cell in the first cell group sends a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame.
  • the UE of each cell in the second cell group transmits a pilot sequence on the second pilot frame.
  • a linear structure multi-cell system includes five cells. As shown in FIG. 2, each cell is provided with one base station, and each base station may be equipped with M antennas, each cell including k single antenna UEs, and the device is The five cells are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 from left to right in the order of arrangement.
  • the cells numbered 1, 3, and 5 are the first cell group, and the cells numbered 2 and 4 are the second cell. Community group.
  • pilot resources shown in Figure 3 are all continuous, but the same principle applies to the case where the pilot resources are dispersed.
  • each cell base station is equipped with M antennas, each cell includes k single antenna UEs, and the large-scale fading factor can be defined as The kth UE in the j cells to the base station of the first cell (here, it is assumed that the antenna array composed of the M antennas of the same base station is sufficiently compact and has the same for a specific user.
  • the pilot sequence matrix * is defined as, where ⁇ is the pilot sequence vector used by each cell, ⁇ is a unit matrix of ⁇ ) ⁇ . The unit matrix of ⁇ . Wherein, ⁇ is the pilot sequence vector received by the first cell base station.
  • the channel estimation MSE Mel Squared Error
  • FIG. 4 is a comparison diagram of effects of different methods for solving pilot pollution.
  • the performance of the pilot resource allocation method in the linear multi-cell system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is far superior to the existence of pilot pollution.
  • the case is also better than using a simple orthogonal pilot sequence between cells (i.e., the odd-numbered cells use the same pilot sequence, while the even-cells use the same pilot sequence that is orthogonal to the odd-numbered cells).
  • first cell group includes the cells numbered odd
  • second cell group includes the cells with the even number
  • the pilot resources of the linear structure multi-cell system are divided into the first pilots that do not coincide in the time domain and/or the frequency domain.
  • the frame and the second pilot frame are respectively allocated to the cells in the first cell group and the cells in the second cell group in the linear multi-cell system as an example.
  • all the cells may be further divided into X groups by using other methods: a first cell group, a second cell group, ..., an X-th cell group, where any two of the same group of cells
  • the pilot resources of the linear structure multi-cell system are divided into a first pilot frame, a second pilot frame, ..., an X-th pilot frame, and the pilot frames are in the time domain or the frequency domain.
  • the first pilot frame, the second pilot frame, the ..., the X pilot frame are respectively allocated to the first cell group, the second cell group, ...
  • the UE in the cell of the first cell group transmits a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame
  • the UE in the cell of the second cell group transmits a pilot sequence on the second pilot frame
  • the X-th cell group The UE in the cell transmits a pilot sequence on the Xth pilot frame.
  • X is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the embodiments of the present invention do not limit how to group cells in a linear structure multi-cell system.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention divides the pilot resources of the linear structure multi-cell system into at least non-coincidence in the time domain and/or the frequency domain by allocating the same pilot sequence set to all cells in the linear structure multi-cell system.
  • a first pilot frame and a second pilot frame and respectively assigning the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame to the first cell group and the second cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, so that the first A UE in a cell of a cell group transmits a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame, and the UE in the cell of the second cell group transmits a pilot sequence on the second pilot frame, so that the neighboring cell can
  • the pilot sequence is transmitted on the pilot frame that does not overlap in the time domain and/or the frequency domain, so that the pilot pollution between adjacent cells can be completely avoided, the performance of the system is improved, and the frame structure is changed little, which is very good.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another method for allocating pilot resources according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the executor of the method may be a control device for controlling the transmission of the pilot sequence. Referring to FIG. 5, the method includes:
  • the cellular multi-cell system is divided into multiple linear multi-cell systems according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell.
  • the cellular multi-cell system may be divided into multiple linear multi-cell systems according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell, so as to have multiple linear structures after division.
  • the cells in the cell system perform pilot sequence allocation to avoid pilot pollution, that is, the pilot resource allocation method in the linear structure multi-cell system is applied to the cellular multi-cell system, and the key is to divide the two-dimensional cell structure.
  • the dimensional cell structure that is, the honeycomb structure is divided into a plurality of linear structures or a plurality of circular structures.
  • the step 501 includes: according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell, the cells in the same structure on the same straight line and the two adjacent cells are classified into a linear multi-cell system, and multiple linear structures are obtained. Multi-cell system; or, according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell, the cell in the same multi-cell system and the two adjacent cells are classified into a circular multi-cell system, and more A circular structure multi-cell system.
  • Figure 6 shows two different partitioning schemes for a cellular multi-cell system.
  • the first partitioning method is to divide the cellular multi-cell system into multiple linear multi-cell systems, as shown in Figure 6 ( a) As shown, the four cells numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the figure constitute a linear multi-cell system, and the five cells numbered 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 form another straight line. Structured multi-cell system.
  • the second division method is to divide the cellular multi-cell system into a plurality of circular structure multi-cell systems, as shown in (b) of FIG. 6, the numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • the six cells form a circular multi-cell system, and the twelve cells numbered 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 form another circle. Ring structure multi-cell system.
  • the cellular structure multi-cell system may be divided by using any one of the foregoing two manners, or the cellular multi-cell system may be divided into multiple manners by using other methods.
  • the linear structure multi-cell system, the embodiment of the present invention does not limit how to divide.
  • pilot frames may be allocated to two adjacent linear multi-cell systems, such that pilot frames of one of the linear multi-cell systems
  • the pilot frames of another linear structure multi-cell system are offset from each other in the time domain and/or frequency domain position (as shown in FIG. 7). It should be noted that the pilot resources shown in FIG. 7 are all continuous, but the principle is also applicable to the case where the pilot resources are discrete.
  • a plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems are obtained, and the step 502 can be replaced by the following steps: Two linear multi-cell systems adjacent to each other, wherein the pilot sequence of one linear structure multi-cell system is orthogonal to the pilot sequence of another linear structure multi-cell system. Further, all the cells may be divided into a first cell group and a second cell group, and the same group of pilot sequences are allocated to the same group of cells, and the pilot sequences allocated to the two groups of different cell groups are orthogonal to each other. As shown in Fig.
  • step 502 can avoid pilot pollution between adjacent two linear structure multi-cell systems in the plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems by allocating different pilot frames for two adjacent linear structure multi-cell systems
  • the pilot resource allocation method in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1c is adopted, for each linear structure.
  • the cells in the multi-cell system allocate a first pilot frame and a second pilot frame.
  • the step 503 includes: allocating the same pilot sequence set to all the cells in the linear multi-cell system, and the UE (User Equipment) in the same cell adopts an orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal pilot sequence; Transmitting pilot resources allocated to the linear structure multi-cell system in step 502 into at least a first pilot frame and a second pilot frame, the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame being in a time domain and/or frequency
  • the domain is not coincident, the first pilot frame is allocated to the first cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, and the second pilot frame is allocated to the second cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, so that the domain
  • the intra-cell UE of the first cell group transmits a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame, and the UE in the cell of the second cell group transmits a pilot sequence on the second pilot frame.
  • This step 503 is used to avoid pilot pollution within each linear structure multi-cell system. This step 503 is the same as the steps 101-102, and details are not described herein again.
  • the following method can be simulated by simulating the method in the embodiment to simulate the change of the downlink reachability and the rate of the base station antenna in the case of a single user in each cell:
  • the normalized channel matrix 1 ⁇ is used by each The elements satisfy the random matrix generation of independent and identical distribution ⁇ , the average transmit power of the base station is 7 ⁇ 20dB, and the average transmit power of the user is 10dB.
  • the indicator for evaluating system performance is downlink reachable And speed, use the following method to calculate the reachability rate of a single user and then obtain the sum ...
  • Figure 9 illustrates the use of dividing all cells into a first cell group and a second cell group, the first cell group including odd cells, the second cell group including even cells, and each linear structure multi-cell system adopting orthogonal guides
  • a pilot resource allocation method based on dividing all cells into a first cell group and a second cell group, using cell clusters of the first cell group and the second cell group, 1-1, 1 and 1+1
  • the same pilot sequence is used for the cell, and the remaining four cells are multiplexed with another pilot sequence orthogonal to the pilot sequences used by the 1-1, 1 and 1+1 cells, and then halved, the first
  • the cells also obtained a situation without pilot pollution. It can be seen from the simulation results that the pilot resource allocation method almost achieves the same performance as that of all cells using orthogonal pilot sequences.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention divides the pilot resources of the linear structure multi-cell system into at least non-coincidence in the time domain and/or the frequency domain by allocating the same pilot sequence set to all cells in the linear structure multi-cell system.
  • a first pilot frame and a second pilot frame and respectively assigning the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame to the linear structure multi-cell system a first cell group and a second cell group, such that the UE in the cell of the first cell group sends a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame, and the UE in the cell of the second cell group is in the second pilot
  • the pilot sequence is transmitted on the frame, so that the neighboring cell can transmit the pilot sequence on the pilot frame that does not overlap in the time domain and/or the frequency domain, thereby completely avoiding pilot pollution between adjacent cells and improving system performance.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a pilot resource allocation apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes: a distribution module 1001 and a first partitioning module 1002.
  • the distribution module 1001 is connected to the first partitioning module 1002, and the allocation module is 1001 is configured to allocate the same pilot sequence set to all cells in the linear structure multi-cell system, where the UE in the same cell in the linear structure multi-cell system adopts an orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal pilot sequence; 1002 is configured to allocate the same pilot sequence set to all cells in the linear structure multi-cell system, where the UEs in the same cell in the linear structure multi-cell system adopt orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal pilot sequences.
  • the apparatus further includes: a second dividing module, configured to divide the cellular multi-cell system into a plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems according to a neighbor relationship and location of the cell for the cellular multi-cell system.
  • a second dividing module configured to divide the cellular multi-cell system into a plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems according to a neighbor relationship and location of the cell for the cellular multi-cell system.
  • a pilot frame of one linear structure multi-cell system and a pilot frame position of another linear structure multi-cell system are mutually adjacent to two adjacent linear structure multi-cell systems in the plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems Offset.
  • a pilot sequence of one linear structure multi-cell system and a pilot sequence of another linear structure multi-cell system are orthogonal to two adjacent linear structure multi-cell systems in the plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems .
  • the second dividing module is further configured to divide the cells in the same multi-cell system on the same straight line and the two adjacent cells into a linear multi-cell system according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell. , obtaining a plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems; or
  • the second dividing module is further configured to divide the two adjacent cells in the cellular multi-cell system into a circular structure multi-cell system according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell, A plurality of circular structure multi-cell systems are obtained.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figure 11, the control device can be used to implement the image processing method provided in the above embodiments.
  • control device includes a transceiver 1101, a processor 1102, and a memory 1103, and one or more programs, wherein one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be configured by one or more processors
  • Executing the one or more programs includes instructions for: allocating the same set of pilot sequences for all cells in the linear structure multi-cell system, the UEs in the same cell in the linear structure multi-cell system being orthogonal Or a quasi-orthogonal pilot sequence;
  • At least one pilot resource of the linear structure multi-cell system into a first pilot frame and a second pilot frame, where the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame are in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain.
  • Disconnecting the first pilot frame and the second pilot frame to the first cell group and the second cell group in the linear structure multi-cell system, respectively, so that the UE in the first cell group Transmitting a pilot sequence on the first pilot frame, the UE in the second cell group transmitting a pilot sequence, the first cell group and the second cell group on the second pilot frame Each includes multiple cells.
  • the memory further stores instructions for performing the following operations:
  • the cellular multi-cell system is divided into multiple linear multi-cell systems according to the neighbor relationship and location of the cell.
  • a pilot frame position of a pilot frame of one linear structure multi-cell system and another linear structure multi-cell system for two adjacent linear structure multi-cell systems in the plurality of linear structure multi-cell systems Offset each other.
  • the memory further stores instructions for performing the following operations:
  • the cells in the same structure on the same straight line and the two adjacent cells are classified into a linear multi-cell system, and a plurality of linear multi-cell systems are obtained;
  • the cell in the same multi-cell system is in the same circular shape, and the two adjacent cells are classified into a circular multi-cell system, and a plurality of circular structures are obtained.
  • Community system A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments may be completed by hardware, or may be instructed by a program to execute related hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk or the like.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种导频资源分配方法及装置,属于无线通信技术领域。该方法包括:为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合;将该线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为第一导频帧和第二导频帧,该第一导频帧和第二导频帧不重合,将该第一导频帧和第二导频帧分配给线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组和第二小区组中的小区。本发明使得相邻小区在时域和/或频域不重合的导频帧上发送导频序列,避免了导频污染。

Description

导频资源分配方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域, 特别涉及一种导频资源分配方法及装置。
背景技术
多输入多输出 (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIM0) 是一种广泛应用于无线通 信领域的核心技术。 M頂 0 允许多个天线同时发送和接收多个空间流, 并能够区分发往或来 自不同空间方位的信号。
大规模 MHTO主要应用于时分双工 (Time Division Duplex, TDD) 系统中, 上下行信 道采用相同的频谱, 因此可以利用上行信道估计结果来预测下行信道信息。 由于信道相干 时间是有限的, 在此时间内发射的导频序列数目也是有限的, 所以不可避免的存在不同小 区的用户在相同导频帧上同时发射导频序列的情况, 从而导致目标小区的基站无法区分不 同小区的导频, 从而无法确定主导频序列, 形成 "导频污染" 。 在多小区 TDD 系统中, 导 频污染是制约整个大规模 MM0系统性能的瓶颈。
现有技术中减少导频污染的方法主要有两种: 第一种方法采用偏移帧结构, 不同小区 间导频帧的发射彼此错开, 目标小区的导频帧发射时隙对应于其它小区的数据帧发射时隙, 由于数据与导频序列是不相关的, 从而能避免导频污染。
第二种方法是将系统中多个小区分成多个不同的组。 同一组中用户同时发射导频帧, 而不同组的用户则在非交叠的时隙发射导频帧, 由于数据与导频序列是不相关的, 因此仅 同组用户间才存在导频污染。
现有技术至少存在以下问题:
在应用第一种方法时, 当小区数较大时, 如果将每个目标小区的导频帧发射时隙对应 于其它小区的数据帧发射时隙, 信令开销较大; 且由于数据长度有限, 不可能让所有不同 小区间导频帧的发射都彼此错开, 即不可能让所有目标小区的导频帧发射时隙都对应于其 它小区的数据帧发射时隙, 所以会存在一定的导频污染, 影响系统的性能。 第二种方法对 现有系统的帧结构改动太大, 缺乏实用性。 发明内容
为了避开相邻小区间的导频污染, 提高系统的性能, 本发明实施例提供了一种导频资 源分配方法及装置。 所述技术方案如下:
第一方面, 提供了一种导频资源分配方法, 所述方法包括:
为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 所述线性结构多小区系 统内同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或者准正交的导频序列;
将所述线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为第一导频帧和第二导频帧, 所述第 一导频帧和第二导频帧在时域和频域中的至少一个上不重合, 将所述第一导频帧和第二导 频帧分别分配给所述线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组和第二小区组, 使得所述第一小 区组内的 UE在所述第一导频帧上发送导频序列, 所述第二小区组内的 UE在所述第二导频 帧上发送导频序列, 所述第一小区组和所述第二小区组均包括多个小区。
结合第一方面, 在第一方面的第一种可能实现方式中, 为线性结构多小区系统内所有 小区分配相同的导频序列集合之前, 所述方法还包括:
对于蜂窝结构多小区系统, 将所述蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系统。
结合第一方面的上述任一种可能实现方式, 在第一方面的第二种可能实现方式中, 所 述方法还包括:
对所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结 构多小区系统的导频帧与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧位置相互偏移。
结合第一方面的上述任一种可能实现方式, 在第一方面的第三种可能实现方式中, 所 述方法还包括:
对所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结 构多小区系统的导频序列与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频序列正交。
结合第一方面的上述任一种可能实现方式, 在第一方面的第四种可能实现方式中, 所 述将所述蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系 统包括:
按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一条直线上且两两相 邻的小区划为一个直线形结构多小区系统, 得到多个直线形结构多小区系统;
或,
按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一个圆环形上且两两 相邻的小区划为一个圆环形结构多小区系统, 得到多个圆环形结构多小区系统。 第二方面, 提供了一种导频资源分配装置, 所述装置包括:
分配模块, 用于为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 所述线 性结构多小区系统内同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或者准正交的导频序列;
第一划分模块, 用于将所述线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为第一导频帧和 第二导频帧, 所述第一导频帧和第二导频帧在时域和频域中的至少一个上不重合, 将所述 第一导频帧和第二导频帧分别分配给所述线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组和第二小区 组, 使得所述第一小区组内的 UE在所述第一导频帧上发送导频序列, 所述第二小区组内的 UE在所述第二导频帧上发送导频序列,所述第一小区组和所述第二小区组均包括多个小区。
结合第二方面, 在第二方面的第一种可能实现方式中, 所述装置包括:
第二划分模块, 用于对于蜂窝结构多小区系统, 将所述蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区 的相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系统。
结合第二方面的上述任一种可能实现方式, 在第二方面的第二种可能实现方式中, 对 所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结构多小 区系统的导频帧与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧位置相互偏移。
结合第二方面的上述任一种可能实现方式, 在第二方面的第三种可能实现方式中, 对 所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结构多小 区系统的导频序列与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频序列正交。
结合第二方面的上述任一种可能实现方式, 在第二方面的第四种可能实现方式中, 所 述第二划分模块还用于按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一 条直线上且两两相邻的小区划为一个直线形结构多小区系统, 得到多个直线形结构多小区 系统; 或,
所述第二划分模块还用于按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处 于同一个圆环形上且两两相邻的小区划为一个圆环形结构多小区系统, 得到多个圆环形结 构多小区系统。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:
通过为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 将线性结构多小区 系统的导频资源至少划分为在时域和 /或频域不重合的第一导频帧和第二导频帧, 并将该第 一导频帧和第二导频帧分别分配给该线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组和第二小区组, 使得该第一小区组的小区内的 UE在该第一导频帧上发送导频序列, 该第二小区组的小区内 的 UE在该第二导频帧上发送导频序列, 使得相邻小区能够在时域和 /或频域不重合的导频 帧上发送导频序列, 从而能够完全避开相邻小区间的导频污染, 提高系统的性能, 且对帧 结构改动较小, 具有很好的实用性。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的 附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对于本 领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的 附图。
图 la是本发明实施例提供的线性结构多小区系统的结构示意图;
图 lb是本发明实施例提供的蜂窝结构多小区系统的结构示意图;
图 lc是导频资源分配方法流程图;
图 2是本发明实施例提供的线性结构多小区系统的结构示意图;
图 3是本发明实施例提供的小区导频序列分配时的帧结构的示意图;
图 4时本发明实施例提供的每个小区下行可达和速率性比较示意图;
图 5是本发明实施例提供的导频资源分配方法流程图;
图 6是本发明实施例提供的蜂窝结构多小区系统划分示意图;
图 7是本发明实施例提供的线性结构多小区系统间的导频序列偏移示意图; 图 8是本发明实施例提供的对蜂窝结构多小区系统的小区分组示意图;
图 9是本发明实施例提供的仿真结果示意图;
图 10是本发明实施例提供的导频资源分配装置结构示意图;
图 11是本发明实施例提供的控制设备结构示意图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作 进一步地详细描述。
为了便于对本发明的理解, 下面对本发明所涉及到的技术名词进行解释:
( 1 ) 线性结构多小区系统。 线性结构多小区系统是指多个小区以线性结构排列。 如图 la中的左图所示, 即为线性结构的一种表现形式: 直线形, 而图 la中的右图所示, 即为线 性结构的另一种表现形式: 圆环形。 这里仅以线性结构的两种表现形式为例进行说明, 事 实上, 线性结构还可以有曲线形等其他表现形式, 在此不再赘述。
( 2 ) 蜂窝结构多小区系统。 蜂窝结构多小区系统是一种现行的无线通信网络架构, 通 常都是一个小区三个扇区。 如图 lb所示, 即为蜂窝结构的一种表现形式。
对于线性结构多小区系统, 当线性结构多小区系统中不同小区的 UE在相同的导频帧上 发送相同的导频序列时, 存在导频污染, 为了消除不同小区间的导频污染, 可以为相邻小 区分配不同的导频帧。 图 lc是本发明实施例提供的另一种导频资源分配方法流程图。 该方 法的执行主体可以为控制设备, 参见图 lc, 该方法包括:
101、 为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 所述线性结构多小 区系统内同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或者准正交的导频序列。
为了避免同一个小区内的 UE 发送导频序列时产生的导频污染, 为同一个小区内的 UE 分配正交或者准正交的导频序列, 且线性结构多小区系统内的所有小区复用相同的导频序 列集合, 该导频序列集合中包括多个导频序列。 此时, 由于同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或 者准正交的导频序列, 因此同一小区内不存在导频污染, 导频污染仅存在于线性结构多小 区系统内相邻的小区之间, 在后续步骤中, 只需避免线性结构多小区系统内相邻的小区之 间的导频污染即可。
102、 将所述线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为第一导频帧和第二导频帧, 所 述第一导频帧和第二导频帧在时域和频域中的至少一个上不重合, 将所述第一导频帧和第 二导频帧分别分配给所述线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组和第二小区组, 使得所述第 一小区组内的 UE在所述第一导频帧上发送导频序列, 所述第二小区组内的 UE在所述第二 导频帧上发送导频序列, 所述第一小区组和所述第二小区组均包括多个小区。
为了进一步避免线性结构多小区系统内相邻的小区之间产生导频污染, 为线性结构多 小区系统内的相邻小区分配不同的导频帧。
具体地, 为线性结构多小区系统内的所有小区按照它们的排列顺序依次进行编号, 编 号为奇数的多个小区划分为第一小区组, 编号为偶数的多个小区划分为第二小区组, 将导 频帧分为不重叠的两部分, 即第一导频帧和第二导频帧, 将该第一导频帧分配给该线性结 构多小区系统中的第一小区组中的各个小区, 将该第二导频帧分配给该线性结构多小区系 统中的第二小区组中的各个小区, 使得第一小区组中的各个小区的 UE在该第一导频帧上发 送导频序列, 该第二小区组中的各个小区的 UE在该第二导频帧上发送导频序列。
例如, 线性结构多小区系统内包括有 5个小区, 如图 2所示,每个小区设有一个基站, 每个基站可以配备 M根天线, 每个小区包括 k个单天线的 UE, 设备为这 5个小区按照排列 顺序从左到右依次编号为 1、 2、 3、 4、 5, 则编号为 1、 3、 5的小区为第一小区组, 编号为 2、 4的小区为第二小区组。 设导频帧的长度为 τ, 将其等分为两个部分 (如图 3所示), 分别作为第一导频帧和第二导频帧, 编号 1、 3、 5的小区内的 UE在第一导频帧上发送导频 序列, 编号为 2、 4的小区内的 UE在第二导频帧上发送导频序列。
需要说明的是, 图 3 中所示的导频资源都是连续的, 但该原则同样适用于导频资源离 散的情形。
当基站的发射天线数量趋向无穷, 且导频污染非常严重时, 导频序列长度的缩减只会 带来很小的信道估计性能的损失, 具体分析如下: 考虑由 L个小区组成的线性结构多小区 系统, 每个小区基站配备 M根天线, 每个小区包括 k个单天线 UE, 大尺度衰落因子可以定 义为
Figure imgf000008_0001
j个小区中的第 k个 UE到第 1个小区的基 站 (这里假设同一基站的 M根天线所组成的天线阵列足够紧凑, 对特定的用户有着相同的
| <^< L
l≤c≤ -1
大尺度衰落) 的大尺度衰落。 其中 o≤b≤^≤i , 0<7<1 ,< < 2 。 以第 1个小区为 目标小区, 信道的 匪 SE ( Minimum Mean Square Error , 最小均方误差) 估计为
R = diag ' R R; R
H = R « (irM +™ ) y, 其中
且 R eD 且
R.: diag ' D D
而^' =/^D' ( A为用户发射导频序列功率, r为导频序列长度) 且
Ψ®1„ ...Ψ®1
: diagU/^/ ''/^]}。 导频序列矩阵 *则定义为 , 其中, Ψ为每小区所 用的导频序列向量, ^为^)^的单位阵。 为 ^χτΜ的单位阵。其中, 而 Υ为第 1 小区基站接收到的导频序列向量。 而信道估计 MSE (Mean Squared Error, 均方误差) 为
Μαρ τ2
--Μ -
Μ □ Ej||H, - Η,||
(为简化, k=l), 由此可见, 当基站的 发射天线数量 M趋向无穷, 且导频污染非常严重时, 导频序列长度的缩减只会带来很小的 信道估计性能的损失。
图 4为采用不同方法解决导频污染的效果对比图, 由图 4可以看到,本发明实施例所 提供的线性结构多小区系统内的导频资源分配方法性能远优于存在导频污染的情况, 且也 比小区间采用简单正交导频序列 (即奇数小区采用相同的导频序列, 而偶数小区采用相同 的但与奇数小区正交的导频序列) 的方法要好。
需要说明的是, 本发明实施例中, 为了避免线性结构多小区系统内相邻的小区之间产 生的导频污染, 仅以将所有小区按照对小区的编号划分为第一小区组和第二小区组, 第一 小区组中包括编号为奇数的小区, 而第二小区组中包括编号为偶数的小区, 将线性结构多 小区系统的导频资源划分为在时域和 /或频域不重合的第一导频帧和第二导频帧两部分, 分 别分配给该线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组中的小区和第二小区组中的小区为例进行 说明, 在本发明的其他实施例中, 在满足信道估计性能要求的情况下, 还可以采用其他方 式将所有小区分为 X组: 第一小区组、 第二小区组、 ……、 第 X小区组, 其中同一组的小 区内的任意两个小区均不相邻, 将线性结构多小区系统的导频资源分为第一导频帧、 第二 导频帧、 ……、 第 X 导频帧, 这些导频帧在时域或者频域上不重合甚至正交, 将第一导频 帧、 第二导频帧、 ……、 第 X 导频帧分别分配给该线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组、 第二小区组、 ……、 第 X小区组, 使得第一小区组的小区内的 UE在第一导频帧上发送导频 序列, 第二小区组的小区内的 UE在第二导频帧上发送导频序列, ……, 第 X小区组的小区 内的 UE在第 X导频帧上发送导频序列。 其中, X为大于等于 2的整数。 为简便起见, 本发 明实施例以 X=2来进行讨论 (即第一小区组包括奇数小区, 第二小区组包括偶数小区)。 本 发明实施例对于将线性结构多小区系统内的小区怎样分组不做限定。
本发明实施例提供的方法, 通过为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序 列集合, 将线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为在时域和 /或频域不重合的第一导频 帧和第二导频帧, 并将该第一导频帧和第二导频帧分别分配给该线性结构多小区系统中的 第一小区组和第二小区组, 使得该第一小区组的小区内的 UE在该第一导频帧上发送导频序 列, 该第二小区组的小区内的 UE在该第二导频帧上发送导频序列, 使得相邻小区能够在时 域和 /或频域不重合的导频帧上发送导频序列, 从而能够完全避开相邻小区间的导频污染, 提高系统的性能, 且对帧结构改动较小, 具有很好的实用性。 对于蜂窝结构多小区系统, 当蜂窝结构多小区系统中不同的小区在相同的导频帧上发 送相同的导频序列时, 同样存在导频污染。 图 5 是本发明实施例提供的另一种导频资源分 配方法流程图。 该方法的执行主体可以为用于控制导频序列发射的控制设备, 参见图 5, 该 方法包括:
501、对于蜂窝结构多小区系统,将该蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系统。
为了避免蜂窝结构多小区系统中的导频污染, 可以将该蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区 的相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系统, 以对划分后的多个线性结构多小区 系统中的小区进行导频序列分配, 从而避免导频污染, 也即是将线性结构多小区系统中的 导频资源分配方法应用于蜂窝结构多小区系统中, 关键在于把二维小区结构划分为多个一 维小区结构, 也即是把蜂窝结构划分为多个直线形结构或多个圆环形结构。
该步骤 501 包括: 按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一 条直线上且两两相邻的小区划为一个直线形结构多小区系统, 得到多个直线形结构多小区 系统; 或, 按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一个圆环形上 且两两相邻的小区划为一个圆环形结构多小区系统, 得到多个圆环形结构多小区系统。
图 6 给出了对于蜂窝结构多小区系统的两种不同的划分方式, 其中, 第一种划分方式 为将该蜂窝结构多小区系统划分成多个直线形结构多小区系统, 如图 6中 (a ) 所示, 图中 编号为 1、 2、 3、 4的四个小区构成一个直线形结构多小区系统, 图中编号为 5、 6、 7、 8、 9的五个小区构成另一个直线形结构多小区系统。第二种划分方式为将该蜂窝结构多小区系 统划分成多个圆环形结构多小区系统, 如图 6中 (b )所示, 图中编号为 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6 的六个小区构成一个圆环形结构多小区系统, 图中编号为 7、 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 13、 14、 15、 16、 17、 18的十二个小区构成另一个圆环形结构多小区系统。
需要说明的是, 在本发明的实施例中, 可以采用上述两种方式中的任一种方式对蜂窝 结构多小区系统进行划分, 或采用其他方式将将该蜂窝结构多小区系统划分成多个线性结 构多小区系统, 本发明实施例对如何划分不做限定。
502、 对该多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性 结构多小区系统的导频帧与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧位置相互偏移。
为了避免相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统之间的导频污染, 可以为相邻的两个线性结 构多小区系统分配不同的导频帧, 使得其中一个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧与另一个线 性结构多小区系统的导频帧在时域和 /或频域位置相互偏移(如图 7所示)。需要说明的是, 图 7中所示的导频资源都是连续的, 但该原则同样适用于导频资源离散的情形。
在本发明的另一实施例中, 在对蜂窝结构多小区系统进行划分以后, 得到多个线性结 构多小区系统, 该步骤 502 可以由以下步骤代替: 对该多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的 两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结构多小区系统的导频序列与另一个线性结构多 小区系统的导频序列正交。 进一步地, 可以将所有小区分为第一小区组和第二小区组, 为 同一组的小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 且分配给这两组不同的小区组的导频序列相互正 交, 如图 8所示, 以 L=7为例 (仍然以第 1小区为目标小区), 由于不同类的小区间采用了 正交的导频序列, 只需考虑由 1-1、 1和 1+1组成的线性结构多小区系统的导频污染。 第 1 小区的信道估计 MSE为 (k=l ): 对期望信道的估计为
Figure imgf000010_0001
, 对所有 M
M : M (L' - 1) + - 信道的估计为 , 其中, L'是同时发射导频序列的小区数。 线性结构多小区系统内的小区采用相同的导频序列, 且通过步骤 502 减轻导频污染后, 可
Μ ά = Μ-Μβ'Ύ M (1) ^ M (L" - 1) + M 2 以得到上述信道估计 MSE 的新形式分别如下: + 1, + 1,
Figure imgf000011_0001
, 其中, '和 的意义与 相同。 由此可见, 当基站的发射天线 数量 M趋向无穷, 且导频污染非常严重时, 导频序列长度的缩减只会带来很小的信道估计 性能的损失。
503、 对于该多个线性结构多小区系统中的每一个线性结构多小区系统, 为该每一个线 性结构多小区系统中的小区分配第一导频帧和第二导频帧。
由于步骤 502 可以通过为相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统分配不同的导频帧, 避免该 多个线性结构多小区系统内的相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统之间的导频污染, 此时, 为 了避免每一个线性结构多小区系统中的导频污染, 对于每一个线性结构多小区系统, 采用 图 lc所示的实施例中的导频资源分配方法, 为该每一个线性结构多小区系统中的小区分配 第一导频帧和第二导频帧。
具体地, 该步骤 503 包括: 为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集 合, 同一个小区内的 UE (User Equipment, 用户设备) 采用正交或者准正交的导频序列; 将步骤 502 中分配给该线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为第一导频帧和第二导频 帧, 该第一导频帧和第二导频帧在时域和 /或频域不重合, 将该第一导频帧分配给该线性结 构多小区系统中的第一小区组, 将该第二导频帧分配给该线性结构多小区系统中的第二小 区组, 使得该第一小区组的小区内 UE在该第一导频帧上发送导频序列, 该第二小区组的小 区内的 UE在该第二导频帧上发送导频序列。
该步骤 503用于避免每一个线性结构多小区系统内部的导频污染。 该步骤 503与步骤 101-102同理, 本发明实施例在此不再赘述。
可以通过对该实施例中的方法进行仿真, 模拟出每小区单用户情况下下行可达和速率 随基站天线数的变化, 采用以下仿真参数: 归一化的信道矩阵1 ^都是由每个元素均满足独 立同分布^ 的随机矩阵生成, 基站平均发射功率 7 ^为 20dB, 用户的平均发射功率 ^为 10dB。不失一般性,对于所有的 k有,如果 = Z,直接增益(direct gain) β = 1,如果 ≠ Ζ, 交叉增益 (cross gain) 则采用区间(0, 1)内的随机值。 评估系统性能的指标为下行可达 和 速 , 采用 以 下 的 方法计 算 单 个用 户 的 可 达速率后 求和 可 得
Figure imgf000012_0001
... IM ] au, [ ... h ]是 H 的第 k 行,而 则是所采用的预编码矩阵4的第 i列,其中仿真中考虑了单小区 ZFUero-Forcing, 迫零) 预编码和基于 MMSE的多小区预编码两个方案。
图 9描述了采用将所有小区分为第一小区组和第二小区组,第一小区组包括奇数小区, 第二小区组包括偶数小区, 且每个线性结构多小区系统间采用正交的导频序列的方法避免 导频污染之后, 在每小区单用户 (k=l ) 情况下, 所获得的每个小区下行可达和速率 (标记 为 "小区分组"), 分别考虑了 ZF和 MMSE两种预编码方案。 作为对比, 仿真中还给出了所 有小区均采用相同的导频序列 (标记为 "导频污染") 和任意两个小区采用的导频序列相互 正交的系统的性能 (标记为 "正交导频") 作为对比。 由图中可以看到, 当所有小区均采用 相同导频序列时, 基站天线的增加对性能几乎没有任何提升, 而且即便是复杂的基于 MMSE 的多小区预编码, 与简单的单小区 ZF预编码相比, 也几乎没有增益。 而当任意两个小区采 用的导频序列相互正交时, 即当 L=7时, 系统中有 7个正交的导频序列被采用, 每个小区 各采用其中一个, 由于不存在导频污染, 基于 MMSE的多小区预编码的性能明显优于单小区 ZF预编码, 且都远好于导频污染时的性能, 这种情况下的性能可视为一个上界。 在基于将 所有小区分为第一小区组和第二小区组两类的导频资源分配方法中, 利用第一小区组和第 二小区组的小区分组, 第 1-1、 1和 1+1小区采用相同的导频序列, 其余 4个小区复用另一 个与第 1-1、 1和 1+1小区采用的导频序列相互正交的导频序列, 之后, 利用 的减半, 第 1个小区也获得了一个无导频污染的状况, 由仿真结果可以看到, 采用导频资源分配方法几 乎获得了与所有小区均采用正交导频序列一样的性能。 当考虑了每小区多用户 (k=8) 的场 景时, 对比图 9 中(a)和 (b)两图, 可以发现, 随着用户数的增加, 对系统的性能是有影响 的, 可以看到, 在单用户时, 即便基站天线数不是很多, 小区分组和正交导频序列的性能 就已经远优于有导频污染的情况; 而多用户时, 三种情况的性能在基站天线数不多时, 彼 此间的差距并不是很大, 是随着基站天线数的增加才慢慢拉大, 这是因为由于导频序列的 长度是有限的, 所以同小区不同用户间的导频序列正交性是近似的, 当用户数很多时, 依 然会影响到基站对上行导频序列的估计性能。
本发明实施例提供的方法, 通过为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序 列集合, 将线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为在时域和 /或频域不重合的第一导频 帧和第二导频帧, 并将该第一导频帧和第二导频帧分别分配给该线性结构多小区系统中的 第一小区组和第二小区组, 使得该第一小区组的小区内的 UE在该第一导频帧上发送导频序 列, 该第二小区组的小区内的 UE在该第二导频帧上发送导频序列, 使得相邻小区能够在时 域和 /或频域不重合的导频帧上发送导频序列, 从而能够完全避开相邻小区间的导频污染, 提高系统的性能, 且对帧结构改动较小, 具有很好的实用性。 进一步地, 将所述蜂窝结构 多小区系统划分成多个线性结构多小区系统, 利用线形多小区系统中的导频资源分配方法, 将其扩展到更一般的蜂窝结构多小区拓扑中, 可以避免蜂窝结构多小区系统中的导频污染。 图 10是本发明提供的一种导频资源分配装置结构示意图, 参见图 10, 该装置包括: 分 配模块 1001和第一划分模块 1002; 其中, 分配模块 1001与第一划分模块 1002连接, 分配 模块 1001用于为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 所述线性结构 多小区系统内同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或者准正交的导频序列; 第一划分模块 1002用 于为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 所述线性结构多小区系统 内同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或者准正交的导频序列。
可选地, 该装置还包括: 第二划分模块, 用于对于蜂窝结构多小区系统, 将所述蜂窝 结构多小区系统按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系统。
可选地, 对该多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个 线性结构多小区系统的导频帧与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧位置相互偏移。
可选地, 对该多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个 线性结构多小区系统的导频序列与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频序列正交。
可选地, 该第二划分模块还用于按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系 统内处于同一条直线上且两两相邻的小区划为一个直线形结构多小区系统, 得到多个直线 形结构多小区系统; 或,
该第二划分模块还用于按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于 同一个圆环形上且两两相邻的小区划为一个圆环形结构多小区系统, 得到多个圆环形结构 多小区系统。
上述所有可选技术方案, 可以采用任意结合形成本发明的可选实施例, 在此不再一一 赘述。
需要说明的是: 上述实施例提供的导频资源分配装置在导频资源分配时, 仅以上述各 功能模块的划分进行举例说明, 实际应用中, 可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功 能模块完成, 即将控制设备的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块, 以完成以上描述的全部或 者部分功能。 另外, 上述实施例提供的导频资源分配装置与导频资源分配方法实施例属于 同一构思, 其具体实现过程详见方法实施例, 这里不再赘述。 图 11是本发明实施例提供的一种控制设备结构示意图。参见图 11, 该控制设备可以用 于实施上述实施例中提供的图像处理方法。 具体来讲: 控制设备包括有收发器 1101、 处理 器 1102和存储器 1103, 以及一个或者一个以上的程序, 其中一个或者一个以上程序存储于 该存储器中, 且经配置以由一个或者一个以上处理器执行该一个或者一个以上程序包含用 于进行以下操作的指令: 为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 所 述线性结构多小区系统内同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或者准正交的导频序列;
将所述线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为第一导频帧和第二导频帧, 所述第 一导频帧和第二导频帧在时域和频域中的至少一个上不重合, 将所述第一导频帧和第二导 频帧分别分配给所述线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组和第二小区组, 使得所述第一小 区组内的 UE在所述第一导频帧上发送导频序列, 所述第二小区组内的 UE在所述第二导频 帧上发送导频序列, 所述第一小区组和所述第二小区组均包括多个小区。
可选地, 该存储器还存储有执行以下操作的指令:
对于蜂窝结构多小区系统, 将所述蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系统。
可选地, 对所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一 个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧位置相互偏移。
可选地, 对所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一 个线性结构多小区系统的导频序列与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频序列正交。
可选地, 该存储器还存储有执行以下操作的指令:
按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一条直线上且两两相 邻的小区划为一个直线形结构多小区系统, 得到多个直线形结构多小区系统;
或,
按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一个圆环形上且两两 相邻的小区划为一个圆环形结构多小区系统, 得到多个圆环形结构多小区系统。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成, 也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成, 所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质 中, 上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器, 磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原则 之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种导频资源分配方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 所述线性结构多小区系统 内同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或者准正交的导频序列;
将所述线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为第一导频帧和第二导频帧, 所述第一 导频帧和第二导频帧在时域和频域中的至少一个上不重合, 将所述第一导频帧和第二导频帧 分别分配给所述线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组和第二小区组, 使得所述第一小区组内 的 UE在所述第一导频帧上发送导频序列, 所述第二小区组内的 UE在所述第二导频帧上发送 导频序列, 所述第一小区组和所述第二小区组均包括多个小区。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相 同的导频序列集合之前, 所述方法还包括:
对于蜂窝结构多小区系统, 将所述蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 划 分成多个线性结构多小区系统。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括:
对所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结构 多小区系统的导频帧与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧位置相互偏移。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括:
对所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结构 多小区系统的导频序列与另一个线性结构多小区系统的导频序列正交。
5、根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将所述蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区 的相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系统包括:
按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一条直线上且两两相邻 的小区划为一个直线形结构多小区系统, 得到多个直线形结构多小区系统;
或,
按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于同一个圆环形上且两两相 邻的小区划为一个圆环形结构多小区系统, 得到多个圆环形结构多小区系统。
6、 一种导频资源分配装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置包括:
分配模块, 用于为线性结构多小区系统内所有小区分配相同的导频序列集合, 所述线性 结构多小区系统内同一个小区内的 UE采用正交或者准正交的导频序列;
第一划分模块, 用于将所述线性结构多小区系统的导频资源至少划分为第一导频帧和第 二导频帧, 所述第一导频帧和第二导频帧在时域和频域中的至少一个上不重合, 将所述第一 导频帧和第二导频帧分别分配给所述线性结构多小区系统中的第一小区组和第二小区组, 使 得所述第一小区组内的 UE在所述第一导频帧上发送导频序列, 所述第二小区组内的 UE在所 述第二导频帧上发送导频序列, 所述第一小区组和所述第二小区组均包括多个小区。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置包括:
第二划分模块, 用于对于蜂窝结构多小区系统, 将所述蜂窝结构多小区系统按照小区的 相邻关系和位置, 划分成多个线性结构多小区系统。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 对所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的 两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结构多小区系统的导频帧与另一个线性结构多小区 系统的导频帧位置相互偏移。
9、根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 对所述多个线性结构多小区系统中相邻的 两个线性结构多小区系统, 其中一个线性结构多小区系统的导频序列与另一个线性结构多小 区系统的导频序列正交。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述第二划分模块还用于按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于 同一条直线上且两两相邻的小区划为一个直线形结构多小区系统, 得到多个直线形结构多小 区系统; 或,
所述第二划分模块还用于按照小区的相邻关系和位置, 将该蜂窝结构多小区系统内处于 同一个圆环形上且两两相邻的小区划为一个圆环形结构多小区系统, 得到多个圆环形结构多 小区系统。
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