WO2015093034A1

WO2015093034A1 - Heat engine

Info

Publication number: WO2015093034A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/006233
Authority: WO
Inventors: 石川　豊治
Original assignee: 石川　豊治
Priority date: 2013-12-20
Filing date: 2014-12-15
Publication date: 2015-06-25
Also published as: JP5620567B1; JP2015117683A

Abstract

This heat engine constitutes a closed cycle for a working medium to circulate therein. A piston (12) divides an enclosed space in a casing (11) into multiple enclosed subspaces (15, 16) by sliding while remaining in contact with the inner wall of a casing (11). The enclosed subspaces (15, 16) expand and contract repeatedly with the movement of the piston (12). A gaseous working medium is supplied into the enclosed subspace that is to be expanded with the movement of the piston (12), increasing the internal pressure of the expanding enclosed subspace such that the piston (12) is driven by the gaseous working medium. A working medium in a super-cooled liquid state is supplied into the enclosed subspace that is to be contracted with the movement of the piston (12), expediting condensation of a working medium in the contracting enclosed subspace and causing the pressure of the working medium in the contracting enclosed subspace to decrease such that the movement of the piston (12) is facilitated.

Description

Heat engine

This invention relates to a heat engine, and more particularly to a heat engine that can effectively utilize a low-temperature heat source as a power source.

In order to cope with global warming and realize energy saving on a global scale, technology that effectively uses a low-temperature heat source as a power source has attracted attention.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a circulating internal pressure engine that uses carbon dioxide as a medium.

Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a reciprocating expansion compressor that can convert expansion work of a gaseous working fluid into compression work and acquire a power generation output.

Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a Wankel type rotary engine as an engine that converts thermal energy into rotational drive energy.

JP 2008-38746 A JP 2011-127879 A JP 2010-53860 A

In the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1-3 above, a working medium in a high-pressure gas state is introduced into a casing (cylinder), and thereby a reciprocating or rotating driving force is given to a piston in the casing, and the inside of the casing The working medium expanded in step 1 is discharged at a low pressure. The working medium discharged out of the casing is then cooled by a heat exchanger.

In this case, since the heat of the working medium is released to the outside through the heat transfer wall of the heat exchanger, the working medium may not be cooled sufficiently rapidly, and it is difficult to improve the thermal efficiency.

The present invention is intended to solve the above-described problems, and has an object to provide a heat engine that can effectively use a low-temperature heat source as a power source.

To achieve the above object, a heat engine according to the present invention includes a casing that forms a sealed space, and a piston that slides in contact with the inner wall of the casing and partitions the sealed space in the casing into a plurality of partially sealed spaces. And a first and second gas supply pipes connected to the casing and capable of supplying a working medium in a gaseous state into the casing, and connected to the casing and having a supercooling temperature lower than a saturation temperature. First and second supercooling liquid supply pipes capable of supplying a working fluid in the liquid state into the casing, and a first working fluid connected to the casing and capable of discharging the liquid working medium generated in the casing. First and second liquid discharge pipes, first and second gas supply valves attached to the first and second gas supply pipes, respectively, and the first and second excess discharge pipes. First and second supercooling liquid supply valves attached to each of the reject liquid supply pipes; first and second liquid discharge valves attached to the first and second liquid discharge pipes; A heater that generates a gaseous working medium for heating a part of the liquid working medium discharged from the first and second liquid discharge pipes and supplying the heated working medium to the first and second gas supply pipes. And the supercooled liquid for cooling a part of the liquid working medium discharged from the first and second liquid discharge pipes and supplying them to the first and second supercooled liquid supply pipes And a cooler that generates a working medium in a state, and a heat engine constituting a closed cycle in which the working medium circulates, wherein the plurality of partially enclosed spaces expand and contract with movement of the piston. Configured to repeat alternately The working medium in the gaseous state is supplied through one of the first and second gas supply pipes into a partially sealed space that expands with movement of the piston among the plurality of partially sealed spaces. The pressure in the expanding sealed space is increased and the working medium in the gaseous state drives the piston, and the partial sealed space contracts as the piston moves among the plurality of partially sealed spaces. By supplying the supercooled liquid working medium through one of the first and second supercooling liquid supply pipes, the condensation of the working medium in the sealed space contracting with the movement of the piston is promoted. The pressure of the working medium in the partially sealed space that contracts is reduced, thereby promoting the movement of the piston, and the movement of the piston among the plurality of partially sealed spaces. The working medium in the liquid state is discharged from one of the first and second liquid discharge pipes from the partially sealed space that contracts.

According to the present invention, even a low-temperature heat source can be effectively used as a power source.

1 is a system diagram schematically showing a configuration of a first embodiment of a heat engine according to the present invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows operation | movement of 1st Embodiment, Comprising: The motion of a reciprocating piston and the flow of the medium in a casing are shown. Proceed in the order of (a) to (d), and then return to (a). It is sectional drawing which shows typically the structure of the casing and its periphery of 2nd Embodiment of the heat engine which concerns on this invention, and its operation | movement, and progresses in order of (d) from (a). FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a casing and its peripheral configuration and operation of a second embodiment of the heat engine according to the present invention, and is shown in FIG. 4 (a) after FIG. 3 (d). Subsequently, the process proceeds from (b) in FIG. 4 to (d) in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the structure of the casing and its periphery of 2nd Embodiment of the heat engine which concerns on this invention, and its operation | movement, Comprising: In (a) of this FIG. 5 after (d) of FIG. Subsequently, the process proceeds from (b) in FIG. 5 to (d) in FIG. 5 and then returns to (a) in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the structure of the casing and its periphery of 3rd Embodiment of the heat engine which concerns on this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a heat engine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, the same or similar parts are denoted by common reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

[First Embodiment]
(Configuration of the first embodiment)
First, the configuration of the heat engine of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a system diagram schematically showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the heat engine according to the present invention.

The reciprocating piston 12 can reciprocate while sliding in the cylindrical casing 11. The casing 11 is closed at the first end 13 and the second end 14 to form a sealed space. The sealed space in the casing 11 is partitioned airtightly into a first partially sealed space 15 and a second partially sealed space 16 by a reciprocating piston 12.

A piston rod 17 is attached to the reciprocating piston 12, and the piston rod 17 extends through the second end portion 14. The portion where the piston rod 17 penetrates the second end portion 14 is configured so that the airtightness of the second partial sealed space 16 is maintained.

The piston rod 17 is connected to one end of the connecting rod 18 outside the casing 11, and the other end of the connecting rod 18 is connected to the crankshaft 19. The piston rod 17, the connecting rod 18, and the crankshaft 19 constitute a link mechanism so that the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating piston 12 can be converted into the rotational motion of the crankshaft 19. For example, a generator (not shown) is connected to the crankshaft 19.

The first gas supply pipe 20a, the first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a, and the first liquid discharge pipe 22a are connected to the first partially sealed space 15 of the casing 11. A second gas supply pipe 20b, a second supercooled liquid supply pipe 21b, and a second liquid discharge pipe 22b are connected to the second partially sealed space 16 of the casing 11. A first gas supply valve 23a, a first supercooling liquid supply valve 24a, a first gas supply pipe 20a, a first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a, and a first liquid discharge pipe 22a are respectively provided. A liquid discharge valve 25a is connected. The second gas supply pipe 20b, the second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21b, and the second liquid discharge pipe 22b are respectively provided with a second gas supply valve 23b, a second supercooling liquid supply valve 24b, and a second A liquid discharge valve 25b is connected.

A tank 30 for storing the working medium is disposed downstream of the first liquid discharge pipe 22a and the second liquid discharge pipe 22b. A heater 31 that heats the working medium in the tank 30 and a cooler 32 that cools the working medium in the tank 30 are arranged. Further, a heater pump 33 for sending the working medium in the tank 30 to the heater 31 and a cooler pump 34 for sending the working medium in the tank 30 to the cooler 32 are arranged.

The downstream side of the heater 31 is connected to the first gas supply pipe 20a and the second gas supply pipe 20b. The downstream side of the cooler 32 is connected to the first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a and the second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21b.

The first gas supply valve 23a, the second gas supply valve 23b, the first supercooling liquid supply valve 24a, the second supercooling liquid supply valve 24b, the first liquid discharge valve 25a, and the second liquid A control device 40 is provided for controlling the opening and closing of the discharge valve 25b.

The casing 11 includes a structural material portion 11a made of metal such as steel and an inner surface portion 11b arranged along the structural material portion 11a so as to cover a part or all of the inner surface of the structural material portion 11a. The inner surface portion 11b is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than a metal, such as glass, plastic, or ceramic.

As the cold heat source of the cooler 32, for example, ice and snow can be used.

Preferably, the first supercooled liquid supply pipe 21a and the second supercooled liquid supply pipe 21b are preferably connected to the first partial sealed space 15 and the second partial sealed space 16 at positions where the supercooled liquid supply pipe 21a and the second supercooled liquid supply pipe 21b are connected. A spray nozzle (not shown) is attached so that the cooling liquid is sprayed into the first partially sealed space 15 and the second partially sealed space 16 in the form of a mist. Further, it is desirable that the spray nozzle is disposed above the first partially sealed space 15 and the second partially sealed space 16.

The working medium is, for example, butane. The boiling point of butane is −0.5 ° C. at atmospheric pressure, but if the pressure is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure, the boiling point becomes higher, so that it can be easily liquefied by ice and snow.

(Operation of the first embodiment)
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operation of the first embodiment, showing the movement of the reciprocating piston and the flow of the medium in the casing. Proceed in the order of (a) to (d), and then return to (a).

In the state shown in FIG. 2A, the second gas supply valve 23b (FIG. 1) is opened, and the working medium in a high-temperature and high-pressure gas state enters the second partial sealed space 16 through the second gas supply pipe 20b. Is supplied. As a result, the pressure in the second partial sealed space 16 increases, and the reciprocating piston 12 is pushed toward the first end 13 by this pressure. At this time, the first supercooling liquid supply valve 24a (FIG. 1) is opened, and the supercooling liquid is supplied into the first partial sealed space 15 through the first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a. As a result, the gaseous working medium that was in the first partially sealed space 15 is condensed. Due to this condensation, the pressure in the first partially sealed space 15 rapidly decreases.

Since the reciprocating piston 12 is driven by the difference in pressure between the first partially sealed space 15 and the second partially sealed space 16, the pressure in the first partially sealed space 15 reduces the pressure of the reciprocating piston 12. The force that is driven toward the end portion 13 increases.

Next, in the state shown in FIG. 2B, the reciprocating piston 12 further moves toward the first end 13, the first supercooling liquid supply valve 24a (FIG. 1) is closed, and the first The supply of the supercooled liquid into the partially sealed space 15 is stopped. Further, the first liquid discharge valve 25a (FIG. 1) is opened, and the condensate in the first partial sealed space 15 is discharged through the first liquid discharge pipe 22a.

Next, in the state shown in FIG. 2 (c), the first gas supply valve 23a (FIG. 1) is opened, and a high temperature / high pressure gas state enters the first partial sealed space 15 through the first gas supply pipe 20a. The working medium is supplied. As a result, the pressure in the first partial sealed space 15 increases, and the reciprocating piston 12 is pushed toward the second end portion 14 by this pressure. At this time, the second supercooling liquid supply valve 24b (FIG. 1) is opened, and the supercooling liquid is supplied into the second partial sealed space 16 through the second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21b. As a result, the gaseous working medium in the second partially sealed space 16 is condensed. Due to this condensation, the pressure in the second partially sealed space 16 rapidly decreases.

The reciprocating piston 12 has a greater force for driving the reciprocating piston 12 toward the second end portion 14 due to the pressure drop in the second partial sealed space 16.

Next, in the state shown in FIG. 2D, the reciprocating piston 12 further moves toward the second end 14, the second supercooling liquid supply valve 24b (FIG. 1) is closed, and the second The supply of the supercooled liquid into the partially sealed space 16 is stopped. Further, the second liquid discharge valve 25b (FIG. 1) is opened, and the condensate in the second partial sealed space 16 is discharged through the second liquid discharge pipe 22b.

Next, returning to the state shown in FIG. 2A, the same operation is repeated thereafter.

(Effects of the first embodiment)
As described above, in the present embodiment, the supercooled liquid is supplied to the partial sealed space side in the contraction process to promote condensation in the partial sealed space, so that the pressure in the partial sealed space in the contraction process is increased. Can be reduced. Thereby, the pressure difference of the both sides of a reciprocating piston can be enlarged, and the driving force of a reciprocating piston can be raised.

Moreover, since the inner surface part 11b which covers the inner surface of the casing 11 is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than that of metal, such as glass, plastic, or ceramic, a high-temperature gaseous working medium or a low-temperature supercooled liquid is used. When introduced into the casing 11, heat loss due to an increase or decrease in the temperature of the entire material constituting the wall of the casing 11 can be suppressed, and thermal efficiency can be increased.

The use of ice and snow as the cooling heat source of the cooler 32 can reduce the cost of the cooling heat source.

By attaching a spray nozzle to a position where the first supercooled liquid supply pipe 21a and the second supercooled liquid supply pipe 21b are connected to the first partial sealed space 15 and the second partial sealed space 16, each part Mixing of the high-temperature gaseous working medium in the sealed space and the supercooled liquid is promoted, rapid condensation can be caused, and thermal efficiency can be increased.

Further, by spraying the supercooling liquid from above, the mixing of the gaseous working medium and the supercooling liquid is promoted.

[Second Embodiment]
(Configuration of Second Embodiment)
First, the configuration of the heat engine of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the casing and its peripheral configuration and operation of the second embodiment of the heat engine according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, instead of the cylindrical casing 11 and the reciprocating piston 12 of the first embodiment, a casing 50 having a peritrochoid curve shape (saddle shape) and a rotary piston 51 are used. Other parts are almost the same as those of the first embodiment.

The structure of the casing 50 and the rotary piston 51 is, for example, the same as the structure of a conventional rotary piston engine (Bankel engine) (see Patent Document 3).

An external gear 55 is fixed at the center of the casing 50, and an internal gear 56 that meshes with the external gear 55 is formed on the rotary piston 51. The rotating piston 51 rotates eccentrically around the external gear 55 while meshing with the external gear 55 by the internal gear 56.

The rotary piston 51 has a substantially equilateral triangle in cross section, and has first, second, and

third sides

57, 58, and 59. The three corners of the rotating piston 51 slide in contact with the inner wall of the casing 50 and are sealed between the first, second, and

third sides

57, 58, and 59 and the inner wall of the casing 50, respectively. First, second, and third partial sealed

spaces

60, 61, and 62 are formed.

The rotating piston 51 revolves around the axis 63 of the external gear 55 while rotating. However, the rotating piston 51 revolves once every time it rotates once. The revolution of the rotary piston 51 around the axis 63 is taken out as rotational power by a crankshaft (not shown). In this embodiment, there is nothing equivalent to the piston rod 17, the connecting rod 18, and the crankshaft 19 (FIG. 1) in the first embodiment.

On the side of the casing 50, a first gas supply pipe 20a, a second gas supply pipe 20b, a first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a, a second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21b, and a first liquid discharge pipe 22a. The second liquid discharge pipe 22b is connected. The first gas supply pipe 20a and the second gas supply pipe 20b are arranged on opposite sides of the axis 63. The first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21 a and the second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21 b are disposed on opposite sides of the shaft 63. The first liquid discharge pipe 22a and the second liquid discharge pipe 22b are arranged on opposite sides of the axis 63.

Similar to the first embodiment, the first gas supply pipe 20a, the second gas supply pipe 20b, the first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a, the second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21b, and the first liquid discharge A first gas supply valve 23a, a second gas supply valve 23b, a first supercooling liquid supply valve 24a, a second supercooling liquid supply valve 24b, and a second gas discharging valve 22b are respectively connected to the pipe 22a and the second liquid discharge pipe 22b. A first liquid discharge valve 25a and a second liquid discharge valve 25b are attached (see FIG. 1). The arrangement and configuration of the tank 30, the heater 32, the cooler 33, the heater pump 33, the cooler pump 34, the control device 50, and the like are the same as in the first embodiment.

(Operation of Second Embodiment)
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, with the rotation of the rotary piston 51, the first, second, and third partial sealed

spaces

60, 61, and 62 repeat expansion and contraction. The first, second, and third partial sealed

spaces

60, 61, and 62 each experience expansion and contraction once for each rotation of the rotary piston 51. When each of the first, second, and third partial sealed

spaces

60, 61, and 62 is inflated, a gaseous working medium is supplied into the expanded partial sealed space, and the expanded seal The pressure in the space is increased and the working medium in the gaseous state drives the rotary piston 51.

Further, the working medium in the supercooled liquid state is supplied into the partially sealed space that contracts as the rotary piston 51 moves, and the condensation of the working medium in the contracted sealed space is promoted, so that the partially sealed space that contracts. As the pressure of the working medium in the space decreases, the movement of the rotary piston 51 is promoted. Further, the liquid working medium is discharged from the partially sealed space that contracts as the rotary piston 51 moves.

Next, the operation will be described more specifically with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 3 to 5 are cross-sectional views schematically showing the casing and its peripheral configuration and operation of the second embodiment of the heat engine according to the present invention for every 30 degrees of rotation of the rotary piston. The process proceeds in the order of (a) to (d) in FIG. 3, then in the order of (a) to (d) in FIG. 4, and then in the order of (a) to (d) in FIG. Return to 3 (a).

In the state of FIG. 3A, the second gas supply valve 23b (FIG. 1) is opened, and a working medium in a high-temperature and high-pressure gas state is opened in the first partial sealed space 60 through the second gas supply pipe 20b. Supplied. As a result, the pressure in the first partial sealed space 60 rises, and the rotary piston 51 is pushed in the clockwise direction by this pressure. At this time, the first supercooling liquid supply valve 24a (FIG. 1) is opened, and the supercooling liquid is supplied into the second partial sealed space 61 through the first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a. As a result, the working medium in the second partially sealed space 61 is condensed. Due to this condensation, the pressure in the second partially sealed space 61 rapidly decreases.

Since the rotary piston 51 is driven in a clockwise direction due to a difference in pressure between the first partially sealed space 60 and the second partially sealed space 61, the pressure drop in the second partially sealed space 61 causes The force with which the rotary piston 51 is driven to rotate increases.

Next, in the state of FIG. 3B, the first partial sealed space 60 further expands, the first liquid discharge valve 25a (FIG. 1) opens, and the second liquid discharge pipe 22a passes through the second liquid discharge pipe 22a. As the condensate in the partially sealed space 61 is discharged, the second partially sealed space 61 further contracts. At this time, the second supercooling liquid supply valve 24b (FIG. 1) is opened, and the supercooling liquid is supplied into the third partial sealed space 62 through the second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21b. Thereby, the gas in the 3rd partial sealed space 62 condenses, and the pressure in the 3rd partial sealed space 62 falls. At this time, the volume in the third partial sealed space 62 is shrinking, and the clockwise rotation of the rotary piston 51 is promoted.

Next, in the state of FIG. 3C, the volume of the first partial sealed space 60 is maximized. At this time, the first gas supply valve 23a (FIG. 1) is opened, and a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium is supplied into the second partial sealed space 61 through the first gas supply pipe 20a. As a result, the pressure in the second partial sealed space 61 rises, and the rotary piston 51 is pushed in the clockwise direction by this pressure. At this time, the second supercooling liquid supply valve 24b (FIG. 1) is opened, and the supercooling liquid is supplied into the third partial sealed space 62 through the second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21b. As a result, the working medium in the third partially sealed space 62 is condensed. Due to this condensation, the pressure in the third partially sealed space 62 rapidly decreases.

Since the rotary piston 51 is driven in a clockwise direction due to a difference in pressure between the second partially sealed space 61 and the third partially sealed space 62, the pressure drop in the third partially sealed space 62 causes The force with which the rotary piston 51 is driven to rotate increases.

Next, in the state of FIG. 3D, the second partial sealed space 61 is further expanded, the second liquid discharge valve 25b (FIG. 1) is opened, and the third liquid discharge pipe 22b is connected to the third liquid discharge valve 22b. As the condensate in the partially sealed space 62 is discharged, the third partially sealed space 62 further contracts. At this time, the first supercooling liquid supply valve 24a (FIG. 1) is opened, and the supercooling liquid is supplied into the first partial sealed space 60 through the first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a. Thereby, the gas in the 1st partial sealed space 60 condenses, and the pressure in the 1st partial sealed space 60 falls. At this time, the volume in the first partial sealed space 60 is shrinking, and the clockwise rotation of the rotary piston 51 is promoted.

Hereinafter, similarly, the process proceeds in the order of (a) to (d) in FIG. 4, further proceeds in the order of (a) to (d) in FIG. 5, and then returns to (a) in FIG. 3.

Since the rotary piston 51 is rotationally driven in this way, this rotational force can be taken out and used as power.

According to the second embodiment described above, the rotational force of the rotary piston can be obtained without using the operation of the reciprocating piston, so that highly efficient power can be obtained. Further, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

[Third Embodiment]
With reference to FIG. 6, the structure of the heat engine of 3rd Embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the casing and its surroundings of the third embodiment of the heat engine according to the present invention.

This embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment, and a free piston 70 is arranged in the casing 11 instead of the reciprocating piston 12 of the first embodiment. There is nothing corresponding to the piston rod 17, the connecting rod 18, and the crankshaft 19 of the first embodiment.

The free piston 70 reciprocates in the casing 11. The sealed space in the casing 11 is partitioned airtightly into a first partially sealed space 15 and a second partially sealed space 16 by a free piston 70. A permanent magnet is attached to the free piston 70. Alternatively, the entire free piston 70 may be made of a permanent magnet.

The casing 11 has a cylindrical shape as in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the coil 71 is wound around the outer side surface of the casing 11. The coil 71 is connected to an electric circuit (not shown), and is configured to generate electric power and supply electric power to the outside by an electromotive force generated in the coil 71 by the movement of the free piston 70.

Other parts are almost the same as in the first embodiment.

According to this embodiment, the free piston 70 is reciprocated on the same principle as in the first embodiment. At this time, since the magnetic field generated by the free piston 70 fluctuates, an electromotive force is generated in the coil 71. By taking out this electromotive force to the outside, power generation can be performed by this heat engine. In this embodiment, a link mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion into the rotational motion is unnecessary.

[Other Embodiments]
Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

For example, in the first embodiment described above, the first gas supply pipe 20a, the first supercooling liquid supply pipe 21a, and the first liquid discharge pipe 22a are sealed in the first partial casing 11 at different positions. Although connected to the space 15, some or all of these pipes may be attached to the first partially sealed space 15 of the casing 11 with a common connection portion and branched outside the casing 11. Good. The same applies to the second gas supply pipe 20b, the second supercooling liquid supply pipe 21b, and the second liquid discharge pipe 22b.

In the above-described embodiment, the heater pump 33 and the cooler pump 34 are provided separately. However, these pumps are also used as a single pump, and are branched on the downstream side of the pump. The working medium can also be sent to the cooler 32.

In the above-described embodiment, the control of the opening and closing of the valve is performed by the control device 50. However, the valve is opened and closed by a cam mechanism or the like, for example, in accordance with the rotation operation of the crankshaft 19 or the like. You can also.

In the above-described embodiment, the working medium is, for example, butane. However, for example, propane or a mixture of butane and propane can be used. Propane has a lower boiling point than butane, but a heat source below freezing point can be used by using ice, snow, seawater, etc. in winter in a cold region as a cold heat source of the cooler 32. In addition, by appropriately selecting the mixing ratio of butane and propane, a working medium having an appropriate performance can be obtained.

11: casing, 11a: structural material portion, 11b: inner surface portion, 12: reciprocating piston (piston), 13: first end portion, 14: second end portion, 15: first partially sealed space (partial) (Closed space), 16: second partially sealed space (partially sealed space), 17: piston rod, 18: connecting rod, 19: crankshaft, 20a: first gas supply pipe, 20b: second gas supply pipe 21a: first supercooling liquid supply pipe, 21b: second supercooling liquid supply pipe, 22a: first liquid discharge pipe, 22b: second liquid discharge pipe, 23a: first gas supply valve, 23b: second gas supply valve, 24a: first supercooling liquid supply valve, 24b: second supercooling liquid supply valve, 25a: first liquid discharge valve, 25b: second liquid discharge valve, 30 :tank, 31: Heater, 32: Cooler, 33: Pump for heater (pump), 34: Pump for cooler (pump), 40: Control device, 50: Casing, 51: Rotary piston (piston), 55: External gear 56: Internal gear 57: First side 58: Second side 59: Third side 60: First partially sealed space 61: Second partially sealed space 62: Third Partial sealed space, 63: axial center, 70: free piston (reciprocating piston) 71: coil

Claims

A casing forming a sealed space;
A piston that slides in contact with the inner wall of the casing and partitions the sealed space in the casing into a plurality of partially sealed spaces;
First and second gas supply pipes connected to the casing and capable of supplying a working medium in a gaseous state into the casing;
First and second supercooling liquid supply pipes connected to the casing and capable of supplying a supercooled liquid working medium having a temperature lower than a saturation temperature into the casing;
First and second liquid discharge pipes connected to the casing and capable of discharging a liquid working medium generated in the casing;
First and second gas supply valves respectively attached to the first and second gas supply pipes;
First and second supercooling liquid supply valves attached to the first and second supercooling liquid supply pipes, respectively;
First and second liquid discharge valves attached to the first and second liquid discharge pipes, respectively.
Part of the liquid working medium discharged from the first and second liquid discharge pipes is heated to generate the gaseous working medium to be supplied to the first and second gas supply pipes. A heater,
The supercooled liquid state for cooling a part of the liquid state working medium discharged from the first and second liquid discharge pipes and supplying it to the first and second supercooled liquid supply pipes. A cooler for generating a working medium;
Comprising a closed cycle in which the working medium circulates,
The plurality of partially enclosed spaces are configured to alternately repeat expansion and contraction with the movement of the piston,
The working medium in the gaseous state is supplied through one of the first and second gas supply pipes into the partially sealed space that expands with the movement of the piston among the plurality of partially sealed spaces, and expands. The pressure in the sealed space is increased and the working medium in the gas state drives the piston,
The working medium in the supercooled liquid state is supplied through one of the first and second supercooled liquid supply pipes into the partially sealed space that contracts as the piston moves among the plurality of partially sealed spaces. Condensation of the working medium in the sealed space that contracts with the movement of the piston is promoted, and the pressure of the working medium in the partially sealed space that shrinks decreases, thereby promoting the movement of the piston,
The working medium in the liquid state is discharged through one of the first and second liquid discharge pipes from the partially sealed space that contracts with the movement of the piston among the plurality of partially sealed spaces.
A heat engine characterized by being configured as described above.
The casing is cylindrical with a first end and a closed second end;
The piston can reciprocate between the first end and the second end in the casing, and a space in the casing is in contact with the first end. A reciprocating piston for partitioning into a partially sealed space and a second partially sealed space in contact with the second end,
The first and second gas supply pipes are connected to the first partially sealed space and the second partially sealed space, respectively.
The first and second supercooled liquid supply pipes are connected to the first partially sealed space and the second partially sealed space, respectively.
The first and second liquid discharge pipes are connected to the first partial sealed space and the second partial sealed space, respectively.
When the first supercooling liquid supply valve and the second gas supply valve are closed, the first gas supply valve is opened and the working medium in the gaseous state is supplied into the first partially sealed space. As a result, the working medium in the gas state pushes the reciprocating piston toward the second end, and the second supercooling liquid supply valve is opened so that the working medium in the supercooled liquid state is the second. And the condensation of the working medium in the second partially enclosed space is promoted.
When the second supercooling liquid supply valve and the first gas supply valve are closed, the second gas supply valve is opened and the working medium in the gaseous state is supplied into the second partially sealed space. As a result, the working medium in the gaseous state pushes the reciprocating piston toward the first end, and the first supercooling liquid supply valve is opened so that the working medium in the supercooled liquid state is the first. And the condensation of the working medium in the first partially enclosed space is promoted.
The heat engine according to claim 1, wherein the heat engine is configured as described above.
The heat engine according to claim 2, further comprising a link mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating piston into a rotational motion.
A coil wound along the outer surface of the casing;
The reciprocating piston includes a permanent magnet;
The heat engine according to claim 2, wherein the coil is configured to generate electric power by generating an electromotive force in the coil by a change in a magnetic field generated by a reciprocating motion of the reciprocating piston.
In the casing, the inner shape of the cross section perpendicular to the axis is a peritrochoidal curve,
The piston has a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axis, three side portions having the same length, and three corner portions each sandwiched between two of the three side portions; Three closed spaces that are substantially equilateral triangles that slide while the three corners are in contact with the inner wall of the casing, and are surrounded by the inner wall of the casing and the three sides, respectively. A rotating piston that rotates about an eccentric axis in the casing while forming
A rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by rotation of the rotating piston;
The first and second gas supply pipes are connected to the casing at positions facing each other across the rotating shaft,
The first and second supercooling liquid supply pipes are connected to the casing at positions facing each other across the rotating shaft,
The first and second liquid discharge pipes are connected to the casing at positions facing each other across the rotating shaft;
The heat engine according to claim 1.
The supercooled liquid working medium when being supplied into the casing from the first and second supercooled liquid supply pipes is sprayed in a mist form. The heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
A tank connected to the first and second liquid discharge pipes on the downstream side of the first and second liquid discharge valves and connected to the upstream side of the heater and the cooler to store the working medium; The heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
The heat according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising at least one pump for supplying the working medium stored in the tank to the heater and the cooler. organ.
The casing includes a metal structural material portion and an inner surface portion made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the metal structural material portion disposed along an inner surface of the structural material portion. The heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
The heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cooler uses ice and snow as a cold heat source.
The heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the working medium is butane or propane, or a mixture of butane and propane.