WO2015091476A1 - Procédé de compactage du sol et/ou de stabilisation du sol - Google Patents

Procédé de compactage du sol et/ou de stabilisation du sol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015091476A1
WO2015091476A1 PCT/EP2014/077956 EP2014077956W WO2015091476A1 WO 2015091476 A1 WO2015091476 A1 WO 2015091476A1 EP 2014077956 W EP2014077956 W EP 2014077956W WO 2015091476 A1 WO2015091476 A1 WO 2015091476A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
compaction
soil
compression
lowering
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/077956
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulf KÖHLER
Jörg GNAUERT
Original Assignee
Köhler Ulf
Gnauert Jörg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Köhler Ulf, Gnauert Jörg filed Critical Köhler Ulf
Publication of WO2015091476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015091476A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/054—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for soil compaction and / or
  • Reservoir that can be pressurized with compressed air, passing ballast to the vibrator tip of the deep vibrator.
  • the compressed air serves as a rinse aid for the ballast.
  • the reservoir with the filling and locking system is called a lock.
  • Coarse-grained fillings from construction waste, slag or overburden are further areas of application of the vibrating tamping method.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a comparison with the prior art improved method for soil compaction and / or soil consolidation.
  • the object is achieved by a method for soil compaction and / or soil consolidation with the features of claim 1.
  • a column-shaped compacting tool is lowered vertically or obliquely downwards into a bottom area to be compacted and vibrations are generated in the compacting tool by means of a vibrating device in order to compact the bottom area.
  • the vibration device is expediently placed on an upper end of the compression tool or in other embodiments, for example, along a longitudinal extent of the compression tool or in the region of a lower end of the compacting tool. The vibration movements are generated in the compression s tool by means of this vibrating device in the longitudinal direction of the compression s tool.
  • the compression tool is lowered by a lowering force and by the vibration movements to a predetermined target depth and then raised at least once by a predetermined lift and lowered again by the lowering and vibrational movements again until the lowering again counters a predetermined resistance.
  • a predetermined lowering speed is exceeded or that within a predetermined period of time, a minimum value of a Absenkweges is no longer achieved.
  • At least one ripping tool arranged on a tool head at a lower end of the compaction tool is achieved by lifting the compaction - -
  • Tool laterally pivoted on an elongated and arranged substantially on a longitudinal axis of the compression tool s support element of the tool head in a Aufr impartposition in which it is aligned substantially perpendicular to a parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support element and a
  • Tear column wall is torn open and soil material is dissolved out of the column gauge wall.
  • the compaction tool By lowering the compaction tool, the at least one ripping tool is pivoted out of this Aufr foundationposition.
  • the carrier element is expediently arranged in the transverse direction of the tool head in the center of the tool head, i. H. on the longitudinal axis of the tool head, centered and thus extending through a center of the cross-section or expediently in a non-circular cross-section through a center of gravity of the cross section.
  • the at least one ripping tool is arranged in the region between an upper and lower end of the carrier element on the tool head. In the tear-open position, a tear-off tip of the at least one tear-open tool projects beyond all of the parts of the tear-off tool arranged below and above the respective tear-open tool
  • Tearing tool can be pivoted laterally past the carrier element between two positions, wherein the tearing tool is aligned substantially perpendicular to the parallels of the longitudinal axis of the carrier element and projects beyond the outer periphery of the tool head and in the deviating from this Aufr adoptedposition second position does not exceed the outer circumference of the tool head ,
  • This lateral arrangement of the at least one ripping tool, ie the side of the support element allows in the tearing open a large distance between a bearing of the tearing tool, by means of which the tearing tool is pivotally mounted on the tool head, and a support of the tearing tool on the tool head, ie an area in which the ripping tool in the - -
  • the at least one ripping tool is thus not radially aligned with the tool head, but arranged outside the radial direction, namely tangentially or on aête to the carrier element positioned substantially centrally in the transverse direction of the tool head.
  • non-round or non-round support element for example an oval or polygonal support element
  • the terms used tangentially and / or passers expediently relate to an idealized circular shape of the cross section of the relevant support element, the circle expediently not exceeding the outer circumference of the support element at any point to the outside , so that the radius of the circle is at most as large as a smallest distance of all outer peripheral points of the cross section of the carrier element to the shearing point of the cross section of the carrier element.
  • rear regions of the at least one ripping tool facing away from the tearing tip move at least. H.
  • the at least one ripping tool is arranged laterally pivotably on the carrier element or on a shaping of the carrier element, wherein the pivot axis of the at least one ripping tool is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis or to a parallel of the longitudinal axis of the carrier element.
  • the at least one ripping tool is arranged eccentrically on the tool head with its longitudinal extension, on a secant of the tool head, at least in the case of a round or essentially round tool head.
  • secant expediently refers to an idealized circular shape of the cross section of the tool head, wherein the circle expediently at areas of
  • Cross-section of the outer periphery of the tool head rests on the outside, but this does not exceed inwards, ie the radius of this circle is at least as large as a maximum distance of all outer peripheral points of the cross section of the tool head to the center of gravity of the cross section of the tool head.
  • the at least one ripping tool is pivoted by lowering the compression tool so far up that it no longer surmounted the outer periphery of the tool head, d. H. it is pivoted out of the tearing position in a second position upwards, in which it is aligned obliquely to the parallels of the longitudinal axis of the support element, for example at an angle of approximately 45 °.
  • Compaction s tool is a downward force acting on the ripping tool. Since the pivoting back down into the tearing position is not blocked, therefore, the tearing tool pivots downward, d. H. it unfolds laterally outward until it has arrived in the tearing position and, for example, bears against a stop. It is now aligned substantially perpendicular to the parallels of the longitudinal axis of the carrier element, projects beyond the outer circumference of the
  • This rupture of the column track wall by means of the at least one ripping tool is particularly important because the column track wall is already solidified by the lowering of the tool head, so that would not solve enough soil material from the pillar track wall without such a mechanical tearing of the column wall track and dissolution of soil. There would then not enough soil material for a sufficient compaction available. By tearing the column gauge wall by means of at least one ripping tool thus a very high compaction of the soil is achieved.
  • the at least one ripping tool Due to the arrangement of the at least one ripping tool on the tool head such that it pivots laterally on the carrier element in the tearing position and out of this, only a relatively small pivot angle is required to which the tearing tool is Mechanicalzuschwenken up from the tearing position, so that it Outer circumference of the tool head no longer surmounted. If the pivoting angle is too great, if the at least one ripping tool is oriented parallel to the carrier element, for example, it could no longer get caught in the column wall, but could slide along it during the lifting of the tool head so that it no longer pivots into the ripping position. This is avoided by the described design of the tool head.
  • the at least one ripping tool strikes against an upper stop during the upward pivoting out of the tearing position in order to avoid excessive pivoting out of the tearing position. Since the ripping tool in the upwardly pivoted position is not vertical but oblique, not only the force due to the hooking in the column track on the at least one ripping tool acts to swing down into the tearing position during the lifting of the tool head, but also the force of gravity the at least one ripping tool tilts against the pillar track wall and thus the hooking in the pillar track wall for pivoting down into the rupture position during the lifting of the tool head is favored. Furthermore, a secure attachment to the carrier element is made possible by this positioning of the at least one ripping tool.
  • the support member on a tip of the Aufr constituting tip of the tearing tool back facing away from a Befest Trentsausformung on which the pivot axis of the tearing tool is arranged.
  • a region of the pivot axis about which the tearing tool pivots is then positioned off-center on the tool head, so that the tearing tool is not aligned radially to the carrier element, but is out of radial, namely tangent or aligned on aête to the support element and is located on a secant of the tool head.
  • the at least one ripping tool can also be arranged directly on the side of the carrier element, so that it also carries out its pivotal movements laterally of the carrier element and the carrier element and is positioned in the tear-open tangential or on aête to the support element and on a secant of the tool head , In any case, at least away from the tear tip rear portions of the at least one ripping tool, ie areas between the tear tip and the pivot axis, which are closer to the pivot axis than the tear tip, move laterally on the support member during the pivotal movement of the tear tool.
  • non-round or non-round support element for example an oval or polygonal support element
  • the terms used tangentially and / or passers expediently relate to an idealized circular shape of the cross section of the relevant support element, the circle expediently not exceeding the outer circumference of the support element at any point to the outside , so that the radius of the circle is at most as large as a smallest distance of all outer peripheral points of the cross section of the carrier element.
  • the term secant expediently refers to an idealized circular shape of the cross section of the tool head, in particular the cross section of the tool tip, wherein the Circle expediently at areas of the outer periphery of the tool head, in particular the tool tip, outside abuts, but this not inward exceeds, that is, the radius of this circle is at least as large as a maximum distance of all outer circumferential points of the cross section of the tool head in particular the tool tip, the center of gravity of the cross section of the tool head, in particular the tool tip.
  • this arrangement of the at least one ripping tool allows optimal utilization of existing space on the tool head and thereby, for example, a training of tool heads with a relatively small diameter, and even with such a tool head, a relatively long ripping tool, which in the tearing open the outer circumference of the tool head projected far enough to penetrate deep into the column wall and to dissolve sufficient material from this.
  • the at least one ripping tool are available, which differ in particular in their length. In this way, a soil-dependent selection of at least one ripping tool is possible.
  • the at least one ripping tool is expediently attached replaceable on the tool head, so that in a simple manner a variant of
  • Tear tool to exchange for another variant is, for example, against a shorter or longer variant, according to current soil conditions.
  • the length of the tearing tool also depends on how much soil material is released and falls into the compression zone. Even an operation of the tool head without ripping tools is possible.
  • the at least one ripping tool is suitably pivotally mounted by means of a sliding bearing on the tool head. This ensures a simple, safe and cost-effective pivotable mounting of the ripping tool. If there is excessive wear of the sliding bearing, the sliding bearing or the entire ripping tool must be replaced together with the sliding bearing or at least together with the part of the sliding bearing arranged or formed on the ripping tool. Since the tearing tool is subject to wear due to the tearing of the column track wall, a replacement of the at least one tearing tool is required anyway, so that a more elaborate mounting, for example by means of a roller bearing, is possible but not absolutely necessary.
  • the at least one ripping tool has an elastomer insert in the region of a pivot axis.
  • This elastomer insert may also be a part of the sliding bearing, which on the on
  • Carrier element formed or arranged pivot axis slides.
  • Elastomer insert also allows for damping too strong forces and impulses, which on the tearing tool, in particular during the tearing of the
  • Acting column purge so that an undamped transmission of these forces and pulses are prevented on the support member and in particular on the pivot axis. This is a risk of damage, such as the risk of
  • the elastomeric insert is formed as a spring element, in particular as a torsion spring.
  • a torsion spring is resilient to rotation and generates a torque in a tensioned state.
  • the pivoting movement of the at least one ripping tool is supported by the designed as a spring element, in particular as a torsion spring, elastomer layer or elastomer insert. In which pivoting direction this support acts depends on a respective orientation of the tearing tool in a relaxed or slightly tensioned state of the spring element preferably designed as a torsion spring.
  • the tearing tool and the elastomer insert are arranged on the tool head in such a way that the spring element is relaxed or only slightly tensioned in the tearing position of the tearing tool, then the spring element is increasingly tensioned by pivoting out of the tearing position.
  • a spring force of the spring element and thus a torque acts on the ripping tool when it is pivoted out of the tearing position, in particular when it is arranged in the second position. In this way, the pivoting of the tearing tool is supported back into the tearing position by the spring element.
  • the tearing tool and the elastomer insert are arranged on the tool head in such a way that the spring element is relaxed or only slightly tensioned in the second position pivoted out of the tearing position, then the spring element is increasingly tensioned by pivoting into the tearing position. As a result, the spring force of the spring element and thus the torque acts on the ripping tool when it is pivoted into the tearing position. That's how it works
  • Tear-open position and the second position pivoted out of the tear-open position is relaxed, so that the spring element is increasingly tensioned both into the tear-open position by pivoting out of this intermediate position and into the second position by pivoting out of this intermediate position.
  • the spring force of the spring element and thus the torque acts on the
  • Tearing tool when it is pivoted to the tearing position or the second position. In this way, the pivoting of the tearing tool is supported out of the tearing position or out of the second position out into this intermediate position by the spring element.
  • the elastomer insert is expediently between the pivot axis of the
  • Tear tool or a fixedly connected to the pivot axis part and the tearing tool itself arranged.
  • the pivot axis is expediently immovably fixed or formed on the support element.
  • this layer is made correspondingly thick, so that a resulting from the pivotal movement of the tearing tool angular offset is absorbed by the elastomeric insert.
  • a bearing is formed by the deformation of the elastomer, the angular misalignment of the tearing tool, d. H. its pivotal movement, without sliding or rolling movement allows and therefore insensitive to the ingress of particles.
  • Pivot axis firmly connected part adhering elastomeric layer, as described above, preferably as a torsion spring usable, so that the pivoting in the tearing position and / or the pivoting back from the tearing position by the spring force of
  • Torsion spring is supported.
  • the tool head comprises a plurality of such ripping tools.
  • each of the tear-open tools is expediently designed and arranged as described above.
  • These ripping tools are expediently distributed uniformly around a circumference of the carrier element.
  • a uniform tearing of the column track wall is achieved during the lifting of the tool head, so that an effective extraction of the soil material from the column track wall is made possible, which is to be compacted by a subsequent lowering of the tool head.
  • two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more tearing tools can be arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the tool head over its circumference.
  • the number of tearing tools may be dependent, for example, on a respective diameter of the tool head and / or on a floor to be compacted with the tool head.
  • the tear-open tools are arranged in at least two planes.
  • use of the existing space for the tearing tools on the tool head is optimized and it is ensured that the tearing tools do not interfere with each other in their pivotal movements. For example, in one - -
  • the tool tip nearest level two ripping tools arranged opposite each other and in an overlying two other ripping tools are arranged opposite each other, which are arranged offset to the other two ripping tools in the lower plane in the circumferential direction of the tool head by 90 ° on the tool head.
  • the four ripping tools are evenly distributed around the circumference of the tool head, but do not hinder each other, since in the circumferential direction adjacent ripping tools are arranged in different planes on the tool head.
  • the method according to the invention is a full displacement method for a substrate improvement. This significantly increases the storage density of an existing subsoil. In this case, in contrast to known from the prior art VoUverdrlindungs- and partial displacement method, preferably no ballast material is introduced into a forming during the process column trace.
  • the ground improvement is preferably achieved exclusively by a rearrangement and compaction of the upcoming subsoil.
  • the compaction tool is sunk with upwardly flipped tear tool in the soil to be compacted, the soil is compacted by the lowering of the compaction tool and by the vibration movements. Subsequently, the compaction tool is raised again, wherein the at least one ripping tool is pivoted by raising the compaction s tool in the tearing position, in which projects beyond the diameter of the tool head radially.
  • a column track wall is torn open during the lifting of the compacting tool, so that soil material separates from the column track wall and can be compacted in a subsequent lowering of the compacting tool, again with the tearing tool pivoted upwards.
  • the at least one ripping tool is in the upwardly pivoted position from the tearing position, wherein it does not project beyond the diameter of the tool head, but is shielded by it, so that the bottom compaction is not adversely affected by the ripping tool.
  • a compacted column trace i. H. created a subsoil, which improves the ground in the vicinity of the column track as a linear support member.
  • densification points are generated close to each other by the method, i. H. in a plurality of such subsoil columns, for example linear or in a planar grid and for example at a distance of one meter from each other, a complete homogenization of the soil with a significantly increased density and higher shear strength and rigidity.
  • soil material for example sand
  • soil material which corresponds to the soil material of the area to be compacted.
  • the addition may be at different times during the process. For example, when the compaction tool is placed on the compaction point on the surface, a portion of soil material is poured around the compaction tool. The compaction tool then takes the soil material into the column track.
  • soil material can be filled into the column track when the compacting tool has arrived at the set depth of deflection or at the respective low point during the lowering. Also during compaction, d. H. during the lowering of the compaction tool, alternatively or additionally soil material can be refilled.
  • the addition of the soil material may be accompanied by the addition of at least one fluid
  • Medium such as water or a hydraulic binder, can be combined, either through the compression tool or directly from above into the
  • the process is preferably to be applied in water saturated loosely to moderately dense sands and gravels with subordinate fines. If the particular soil is suitable, but one - -
  • each water supply is too low, is preferably water in the
  • Compression zone added This can be done under pressure or without pressure.
  • the vibration movements are generated by means of a vibrating device, which initiates rhythmic movements in the longitudinal direction of the compression s tool in the compression s tool.
  • This vibrating device is expediently driven hydraulically.
  • a vibration device for example, a ram can be used.
  • the term ram is the generic term for various forms of vibration devices.
  • a vibration device thus comes, for example, a vibrator, also referred to as a vibrating hammer, a
  • Hydraulic ram a diesel rammer or an explosion ram, a compressed air ram or a steam ram into consideration.
  • a conventional hydraulic ram a diesel rammer or an explosion ram, a compressed air ram or a steam ram into consideration.
  • a conventional hydraulic ram a diesel rammer or an explosion ram, a compressed air ram or a steam ram into consideration.
  • Attachment can be used as a vibration device, for example, a vibrator, a vibrator or a Schlagramme, for example, a shaker, a jacket vibrator a ring vibrator or a recessed vibrator or vibrator, which is arranged in the interior of the body.
  • the vibration device can be arranged at the upper end, at the lower end or in between in or on the base body. These can be operated to perform the method in their respective frequency range.
  • the method can be carried out with vibration frequencies from a very wide frequency range, so that in this respect there are no restrictions with regard to the vibration devices to be used and their respective vibration frequency.
  • Compaction s tool as vibration or vibrating motion to understand.
  • the compacting tool or at least its tool head may also be rotated, for example by one or more partial rotations or complete rotations, respectively in the same or in opposite directions. Also oscillating rotational movements are possible. - -
  • the vibration device is placed on the upper end of the compression tool, in particular on the upper end of the base body.
  • the vibration device is designed, for example, as a shell vibrator or shell vibrator (with or without gear) or as a ring vibrator and is arranged at a predetermined position along the longitudinal extent of the body at this, for example in the upper region, in the central region or in the lower Area directly above the tool head.
  • the vibration device encloses the
  • Basic body circumference is arranged laterally on the base body or is arranged in the interior of the base body.
  • the vibration device is arranged directly on the tool head, for example within the main body or in a housing, by which the vibration device is protected against dirt and water.
  • This embodiment of the vibration device which, like the other embodiments, is preferably driven hydraulically, may also be a component of the tool head or it is arranged between the tool head and the base body.
  • this embodiment of the vibration device is connected via an elastic coupling with the main body of the compression tool s.
  • this embodiment of the vibration device is thus arranged and fixed on and / or in the tool head and the vibration device and the tool head are at least partially decoupled from the base body with respect to the vibration transmission by means of the elastic coupling, preferably completely or almost completely decoupled, the vibration device only transmits its vibrations the tool head. Ie. the vibratory device does not have to put the entire compaction tool in corresponding oscillatory movements, but only the tool head. In this way, a lower energy consumption of the vibrating device is required.
  • An extremely high ramming energy for example of the vibration device placed on the compacting tool, for example a topping vibrator, causes the ground material, for example the gravel, to be pressed, rammed and pressed laterally into a soil matrix and thus to produce a soil
  • the lowering force which is used in addition to the vibration movements for lowering the compression tool and for compacting the soil in the column track is generated by the weight of the columnar compression tool and the vibration device.
  • a force is preferably applied by a holding device to the compression tool.
  • so-called Telklerieri be used, such as fixed leader or telescopic leader.
  • the lowering force is the self-weight of the columnar compression tool and the vibration device and this additional
  • the compacting tool is connected via a holder, which is also referred to as a carriage, and a so-called leader connected to the holding device, for example with an excavator or a crane.
  • the broker is arranged as at least one guide and / or mounting rail on the holding device.
  • the holder is movably arranged on the broker.
  • the holding device is arranged on the holder compaction s tool to raise and lower, ie it is arranged vertically movable on the holding device.
  • the holder is expediently connected to a drive of the holding device, via which it and thus the compression s tool to raise and in particular also driven to lower. Ie.
  • the field of application of, for example, as a support bead formed holding devices with Gurkrom are limited. Therefore, when reaching compaction depths of over 20 meters, for example, at compaction depths of up to 25 meters, 30 meters or 40 meters, the tool head is mounted on a very long ram tube, so that a correspondingly very long compression tool is formed.
  • the vibration device is mounted on top of the compression tool, ie on the upper end of the main body forming ram tube.
  • the lowering force is composed of the own weight of the columnar compaction s tool, which comprises the ram tube, and the weight of the vibrating device together.
  • the compacting tool comprising the ram tube and the vibrating device in this case hang on a rope.
  • the vibration device can, as described above, also be arranged on or in the tool head, in which case the base body - -
  • a cable excavator is used, for example.
  • the vibrating device is started, so that the compacting tool is formed by the lowering pressure, formed by the self-weight of the compacting tool and the vibrating device, and by the vibrating pressure by the action of the vibrating device, i. H. retracted by the vibrations, vibrations and / or ramming by lowering the rope into the Sollversenktiefe in the ground, raised again and then lowered and raised again so often until the soil is compacted to the surface or close to the surface.
  • the compaction tool due to the very long Rammrohres a very high weight, so that the lowering force, for example, corresponds to the achievable with the Switzerland Switzerlandvortechnisch lowering force.
  • the tool head of the compaction tool has a substantially closed frusto-conical effective surface.
  • the tool head is preferably formed of solid steel.
  • the shape of the tool head is, for example, a blunt cone with an angle of a conical surface to a cone base of approximately 45 °.
  • Compaction s tool may for example be formed of solid material, d. H. as a bar or, to achieve a greater sinking depth, a plurality of interconnected bars.
  • this base body is formed from a hollow tube or, in order to achieve the greater insertion depth, of a plurality of interconnected hollow tubes.
  • the cross section of the body may be round, oval or polygonal, for example, four, five, hexagonal or more corners.
  • ram pipes can be used, which form a basic body of a compression s tool according to the prior art.
  • the lower end of the tube or in the case of several tubes of the last tube is to be closed with the tool head, for example by welding or screwing - -
  • the tool head or by integrally forming the tool head and the tube.
  • the screwing is to be preferred, since in this way the
  • Compacting tool is easy to assemble, disassemble and transport. Furthermore, the tool head is easily replaceable, for example, in the case of signs of wear, and the tool's compression is very quick and easy due to a replacement of the tool head
  • Requirements for example, adaptable to a particular soil condition.
  • part of the introduction of force takes place through a lateral lateral surface of the frustoconical active surface of the tool head into side regions of the tool head
  • the at least one ripping tool is arranged above the active surface on the tool head, so that it is shielded in the pivoted in the first position state by the effective surface.
  • a plurality of tearing tools are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the tool head, which are pivotable in the first position and in the second position in the manner described above and are aligned in the second position substantially radially to the compression tool and the diameter project radially beyond the tool head, d. H. project laterally beyond the effective surface of the tool head.
  • a uniform thickness of the tool head is pivotable in the first position and in the second position in the manner described above and are aligned in the second position substantially radially to the compression tool and the diameter project radially beyond the tool head, d. H. project laterally beyond the effective surface of the tool head.
  • Rupturing the column gauge wall during the lifting of the compaction s tool is achieved, so that an effective extraction of the soil material from the column gauge wall is achieved, which is compacted by a subsequent lowering of the compaction tool.
  • two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more tearing tools can be arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the tool head over its circumference.
  • the number of tearing tools may be dependent, for example, on a respective diameter of the tool head and / or on a floor to be compacted with the compacting tool.
  • the lifting of the compaction tool is repeated by the predetermined lifting height and the subsequent lowering alternately until the lowering of the predetermined resistance already counteracts when lowering, when the compaction tool is at a predetermined end position.
  • There is a recurrent lifting which can be carried out with or without vibration movements, ie with switched on or off vibrating device, and subsequent lowering with the vibrating device switched to compact the soil.
  • soil material breaks out of the lateral column track wall by the action of the at least one ripping tool pivoted into the second position - -
  • the compression tool is no longer lowered to the original Sollversenktiefe, but due to the compression of other soil material counteracts the compression s tool before the given resistance, so that it is raised again by the predetermined lifting height and then lowered again.
  • a lowering funnel formed by soil compaction on a soil surface above the soil compaction can be filled with a densifiable material during and / or after compaction of the soil by means of the compaction tool.
  • a predetermined period of time for example a few seconds
  • vibration devices are used, the frequency of which can be regulated, so that the construction-site-specific frequency with the greatest compression s effect can be selected.
  • Bottom compaction filled with a compressible material for example, with a good compactable mineral such as gravel in round grain mixture form or Brechkorngemischform. This is preferably already done during the
  • Process step by step so that no too large lowering funnel, no cavities and no excessive loss of material at the soil surface arise.
  • the material is added from the outside, d. H. from above into the resulting lowering funnel.
  • a squeezing pressure acting on the soil area to be compacted by the compacting tool is an acting one
  • Vibration pressure and a countersink depth of the compaction tool determined.
  • the lowering pressure acts only in full extent when the compression tool is completely discontinued. If the compression tool is raised, it only works - -
  • an evaluation of the quality assurance is made possible by the detection of the pressure and the depth of insertion. This makes it possible to assess whether the soil compacted in this way and the subsoil produced thereby meets the respective requirements, ie. H. For example, has a sufficient load capacity, strength and stability to perform planned construction on the ground, for example, to build a building or building on it.
  • At least one fluid medium is introduced into a column track and / or into a floor area adjoining the column track.
  • the method and the device cause the homogenization and densification of sand and / or gravel. If the compaction of the soil alone is not sufficient or if it requires a respective subsoil layering, at least one hydraulic binder or binder mixture or at least one is suitably used
  • Binder suspension added, thereby achieving a solidification of the soil in the column trace.
  • the carrying capacity of such columns produced is then significantly higher than in the case when only the soil is compacted.
  • bentonite or cement bentonite or other mixtures with bentonite are used as aggregate, the method achieves columns which have a very low permeability.
  • Such a binder suspension is expediently added with pressure via outlet openings in the compression tool.
  • the compression tool in an advantageous embodiment has at least one outlet opening for at least one fluid medium.
  • fluid medium means gaseous substances, liquid substances and suspensions, i. H. also liquids with solids contained therein.
  • the at least one fluid medium is, for example, water, air or another gas or gas mixture, a hydraulic binder, for example bentonite or a bentonite cement suspension or cement, lime or mixtures of these substances. Also, the supply of a majority of these substances or mixtures of these substances, d. H. a plurality of fluid media simultaneously or sequentially during the process is possible.
  • the introduction into the column track and / or in the adjoining floor area can be done under pressure or pressure. An introduction during the process temporarily under pressure and temporarily pressure-free is possible.
  • different fluid media can be introduced, wherein one or more under pressure and one or more further pressure-free introduced.
  • the introduction of the at least one fluid medium can take place via the compaction tool and / or directly via the opening of the column track on the ground surface. About the compression tool s, the at least one fluid medium is expediently introduced under pressure. Directly over the opening of the column track on the ground surface, the at least one medium is expediently introduced pressure-free.
  • the soil is additionally solidified and / or impermeable.
  • it may be useful or necessary, as a fluid medium
  • Fill water into the column track This can be done under pressure or without pressure. Alternatively or additionally, to improve the compression processes, it may be useful or necessary to press compressed air into the column track and / or an adjacent floor area as a fluid medium.
  • Hydraulic binders may be e.g. Cements, limestones, bentonite and mixtures of these products, for example lime cement; Cement bentonite.
  • the suspensions are prepared in separate aggregates. The addition can be done under pressure or without pressure.
  • the at least one outlet opening on the compression s tool for supplying the at least one fluid medium is arranged for example on the tool head or on the columnar base body.
  • the compression tool has a plurality of outlet openings, which are arranged on the tool head and / or on the columnar base body.
  • the one or more outlet openings can be arranged, for example, above the tearing tools, between the tearing tools and / or underneath the tearing tools. They can also be arranged, for example, in the frustoconical active surface of the tool head, for example in the conical surface and / or in the top surface.
  • the notion of the essentially closed lower end of the compression tool and / or the substantially closed frustoconical active surface means that the lower end of the compacting tool and / or the frustum-shaped effective surface are different the at least one outlet opening or the plurality of outlet openings are completely closed.
  • These at least one outlet opening or the plurality of outlet openings are expediently to be closed and opened in each case by means of a valve, so that the lower end of the compression tool and / or the frusto-conical effective surface is completely closed when the valves are closed.
  • the valves are designed, for example, as ball valves.
  • each outlet opening can be provided for a specific fluid medium or the outlet openings can serve, for example, for supplying a plurality of fluid media to the column track and / or to the adjacent floor area, for example both the supply of water and the supply of a hydraulic binder.
  • the outlet opening is designed, for example, as a flat jet nozzle or comprises such a flat jet nozzle.
  • the tool head can also have a plurality of such outlet openings.
  • the outlet openings are associated with the ripping tools.
  • the tool head may have one or more such outlet openings in the region of each tearing tool.
  • the respective tearing tool associated outlet openings which are preferably designed as nozzles, for example as flat jet nozzles or have such, have the same or different orientations.
  • two outlet openings assigned to the respective tear-open tool one is aligned substantially parallel to the tearing tool and the other in the
  • the tool head has corresponding openings into which a nozzle, for example a flat jet nozzle, as a starting opening or a blind plug as a closure can be screwed.
  • a nozzle for example a flat jet nozzle
  • the compression tool can have at least one so-called vacuum lance, i. H. a arranged on the compression tool s pipe, which is coupled to a suction unit. In this way, a vacuum is to be generated in the column track. This is in the soil area to be compacted
  • the tool tip on a plate-shaped base element and / or a tip element is a plate-shaped base element and / or a tip element.
  • an outer edge of the plate-shaped base member forms the outer periphery of the tool head over which the at least one ripping tool laterally protrudes in the tearing position, d. H. of the
  • Tool head has the largest diameter on the plate-shaped base element.
  • the plate-shaped base element may be formed, for example, round, oval or polygonal, for example quadrangular.
  • the plate-shaped base element allows compression below the tool head over an entire extension of the base element.
  • the tip element allows penetration into the bottom area and guidance of the tool head to ensure vertical lowering.
  • the plate-shaped base member and the tip member are suitably cohesively, positively and / or non-positively connected to each other, for example, welded or screwed. It represents the
  • the tool head at the lower end of a working surface forming tool tip.
  • the tool tip may comprise, for example, a plate-shaped base element and a tip element.
  • an outer edge of the plate-shaped base member forms the outer periphery of the tool head over which the at least one ripping tool laterally protrudes in the Aufr employposition, ie the tool head has the plate-shaped base member on its largest diameter.
  • the plate-shaped base element may be formed, for example, round, oval or polygonal, for example quadrangular.
  • the plate-shaped base element allows compression below the tool head over an entire extension of the base element.
  • the tip element allows penetration into the bottom area and guidance of the tool head to ensure vertical lowering.
  • the plate-shaped base member and the tip member are suitably cohesively, positively and / or non-positively connected to each other, for example, welded or screwed. It represents the - -
  • the tool tip and / or its base element and / or tip element on a substantially closed and substantially conical, frustoconical, pyramidal or truncated pyramidal effective surface allows an introduction of a compression energy not only down, but also laterally into the bottom area, so that a foundation column formed by the compression has a wider diameter than that
  • the tip element is formed for example of sheet steel or a tapered round steel.
  • the round steel is milled off, for example, to form the shape of the tip element.
  • the bevelled round steel is a particularly cost-effective solution.
  • a targeted formation of the tip element is made possible to achieve a particularly good guidance of the tool head, in particular a good lateral support, so that ensures a vertical lowering of the tool head and reduces the risk of lateral deviation formed by the tool head column track and ground is.
  • elements made of sheet steel for example, are arranged in the form of a cross and welded.
  • the tool tip is positively secured to the carrier element, cohesively and / or non-positively.
  • the positive attachment for example by screwing, is particularly advantageous because the tool tip then, for example, wear or replace to adapt the tool head to the respective requirements.
  • a cohesive fastening would be possible for example by welding.
  • Carrier element an adapter element for attaching the tool head to a columnar base body of the device positively, materially and / or non-positively attached.
  • the positive fastening for example by screwing, particularly advantageous because then the tool head is to be arranged by means of a correspondingly selected adapter element to different basic bodies. It is thus not necessary for various basic body training a separate tool head, but only the screwing of a corresponding adapter element on the tool head.
  • the adapter element may for example also have a connection for feeding the at least one fluid medium to the at least one outlet opening of the tool head.
  • the tool head in particular the support element and / or the at least one ripping tool or the plurality of tearing tools and / or the tool tip and / or the
  • Adapter element each made of metal, in particular made of steel. If the tool tip has the base element and the tip element, then this applies
  • the base element and / or the tip element expediently for the base element and / or the tip element.
  • At least one foundation element is rammed into a subsoil for producing a deep foundation, wherein a predetermined area of the subsoil before the ramming and / or after ramming of the foundation element by the use of the columnar compression s tool at several predetermined compression positions of the ground on the densified and / or solidified as described above.
  • Mono-pile pipe pile is formed as a foundation element. These monolayers are merely driven into the ground. To this end, the masts are screwed over the flange connections as held by the respective foundation element element and then the assembly of the power lines can be done. This can only be used in subsoil conditions where up to greater depths - -
  • Compaction s tool is used, on at least one concentric circle, preferably on several concentric circles around the rammed into the ground foundation element or around a Einrammposition around where the foundation element is to be rammed, arranged.
  • This subsurface improvement in concentric circles by the described method is preferred after pile driving, i. H. of the foundation element.
  • pile driving i. H. of the foundation element.
  • an improved ground is formed, which has significantly better results in static calculations.
  • the storage density of the soil plays a major role. Due to the additional improvement of the subsoil, the subsoil is considerably improved and can absorb larger ballast forces, so that more favorable results can be achieved in static calculations or the use of monolayers becomes possible.
  • the monofilaments which can be used with the method as a foundation element are designed, for example, as a steel pipe with a diameter of from 70 cm to 180 cm. Also larger or smaller diameters are possible. Furthermore, other materials are possible, such as concrete, reinforced concrete or wood. Individual micropiles or groups of micropiles can also be used as a foundation element.
  • the compaction of the respective floor area at different compression positions can be carried out to different compaction depths.
  • the compaction depth to which the compaction of the respective ground area is performed increases with increasing distance from in the - -
  • the described method in its various embodiments can be carried out both on land and under water, i. H.
  • i. H For example, at the bottom of a stream, river, canal, pond, lake, sea or any other body of water.
  • the procedure may be carried out from a ship or other vessel.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a tool head with all tear-open tools in a tear-open position
  • Figure 2 schematically a side view of a first embodiment of a
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a first embodiment of a tool head with all the ripping tools in a tearing position;
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a first cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a tool head with all tear-open tools in a tear-open position
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a second cross-sectional illustration of a first embodiment of a tool head with all tear-open tools in a tear-open position, - -
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a perspective illustration of a first embodiment of a tool head with two tear-open tools in a tear-open position and two tear-open tools in an upwardly pivoted position
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a tool head, FIG.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a tool head
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a tool tip
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows a side view of a first embodiment of a
  • FIG. 11 schematically shows a perspective illustration of a third embodiment of a tool head without an adapter element with all tear-open tools in a tear-open position
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows a perspective illustration of a third embodiment of a tool head with all tear-open tools in a tear-open position
  • FIG. 13 schematically shows a perspective illustration of a third embodiment of a tool head with all the ripping tools in an upwardly pivoted position
  • Figure 14 schematically shows a side view of a third embodiment of a
  • FIG. 15 schematically shows a partial sectional illustration of a third embodiment of a tool head
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a tool head
  • FIG. 17 schematically shows a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a tool head
  • FIG. 18 schematically shows a device for soil compaction and / or soil compaction with a compaction tool in a first position
  • FIG. 19 schematically shows a device for soil compaction and / or soil compaction with a compaction tool in a second position
  • FIG. 20 schematically shows a device for soil compaction and / or soil compaction with a compaction tool in a third position
  • FIG. 21 schematically shows a device for soil compaction and / or soil compaction with a compaction tool in a fourth position
  • FIG. 22 schematically shows a device for soil compaction and / or soil compaction with a compaction tool in a fifth position
  • FIG. 23 schematically shows a further embodiment of a device for soil compaction and / or soil solidification
  • FIG. 24 schematically shows a diagram with a profile of a lowering pressure, a
  • FIG. 25 schematically shows a deep foundation
  • FIG. 26 schematically shows a deep foundation in a plan view from above. - -
  • Figures 1 to 8 and 11 to 17 show various views of four exemplary embodiments of a tool head 1 for a compaction tool 16 of a device 17 for soil compaction and / or soil consolidation.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show two views of an exemplary first embodiment of a tool tip 2 of the tool head 1.
  • a first embodiment and in Figure 23 a second embodiment of the device 17 for soil compaction and / or soil consolidation shown in the figures 18 to 22 based on the first embodiment of the device 17, a sequence of a method for soil compaction and / or soil solidification is shown schematically.
  • FIG. 24 schematically shows a diagram with a profile of a lowering pressure PE, a vibration pressure PV and a sinking depth T in the course of this method.
  • FIGS. 25 and 26 show an advantageous embodiment of this method, in which a deep foundation is made possible by means of the method.
  • the tool head 1 is attached to form the columnar compression tool s 16 on a columnar base body 18, which is for example formed from at least one rod or at least one tube, preferably to reach greater depths, of a plurality of rods or a plurality of tubes.
  • This main body 18 may have a round, oval or polygonal cross section. For soil compaction and / or soil solidification becomes this columnar
  • Compression s tool 16 then preferably vertically lowered into a bottom area to be compacted and then raised again, the lowering and lifting is repeated several times, in order to compress and / or solidify the bottom area from a predetermined depth to the surface.
  • a vibration device 19 which is preferably on an upper end of the
  • Suitable vibration devices 16 are designed, for example, as a vibrator, vibrator or ram.
  • the tool head 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 8 and 11 for such a compacting tool 16 comprises an elongate carrier element 3 made of metal, expediently made of steel, which during operation of the compacting tool 16, d. H. when lowering into the ground area and subsequent lifting, in
  • this support member 3 is also aligned obliquely, because the support member 3 is disposed on a longitudinal axis of the compaction tool 16 and thus aligned according to the longitudinal axis of the compaction tool 16.
  • this support member 3 of the tool head 1 is connected to the columnar base body 18 of the compression tool 16, wherein the support member 3, as described, forms a straight extension of the columnar base body 18 and is arranged on the longitudinal axis of the compression tool 16 s.
  • the support element 3 thus forms a longitudinal axis of the tool head 1. It is arranged in the transverse direction of the tool head 1 in the center of the tool head 1, so that the carrier element 3 by a center of the cross section of the tool head 1 or, in a non-round tool head 1, by a center of gravity the cross section of the tool head 1 extends.
  • an adapter element 4 by means of which the tool head 1 on the respective columnar Main body 18 of the device 17 is to be fastened.
  • the adapter element 4 which is made of metal, suitably made of steel, is positively, non-positively and / or cohesively with the - -
  • the positive connection for example by screwing, to be preferred because it allows a secure and at the same time releasable attachment and thus a simple replacement of the tool head 1 or the columnar base body 18.
  • the adapter element 4 has for this purpose fastening openings 5, for example for the implementation of fastening screws in order to screw the adapter element 4 to the columnar base body 18.
  • the adapter element 4 is connected to an upper end of the carrier element 3 of the tool head 1 in a form-fitting, non-positive and / or materially bonded manner.
  • the support member 3 of the tool head 1 via the adapter element 4 with the columnar base body 18 of the compression tool 16 to connect or connected.
  • the positive connection for example by screwing, to be preferred because it allows a secure and re-releasable connection and thus replacement of the adapter element 4 to use the tool head 1 with differently shaped columnar bodies 18 can.
  • Adapter element 4 connected by means of a plurality of screw elements 6 with the carrier element 3, as shown in Figure 8, or by means of a threaded connection, including, for example, the carrier element 3 in the region of its upper end an internal thread and the adapter element 4 has a corresponding external thread or vice versa, so that the adapter element 4 is screwed onto the carrier element 3.
  • the tool tip 2 is arranged. This tool tip 2 forms the operation of the compression tool 16 whose lower end, d. H. with this
  • Tool tip 2 the bottom area is compacted and / or solidified.
  • the tool tip 2 has in the examples shown here a plate-shaped base element 2.1 and a tip element 2.2.
  • the plate-shaped base element 2.1 may for example be round, as shown in Figures 1 to 10, or substantially quadrangular, as shown in Figures 11 to 17, wherein it in the embodiment shown in Figures 11 to 17 slightly overhanging corner areas - -
  • oval or polygonal for example, oval or polygonal, d. H. with more or less than four corners.
  • the plate-shaped base element 2.1 allows compression below the tool head 1 over an entire extension of the base element 2.1.
  • the tip element 2.2 allows a penetration into the bottom area and a guide of the tool head 1 to ensure a directed, preferably vertical or according to the predetermined orientation of the compaction tool 16 oblique lowering.
  • the plate-shaped base element 2.1 and the tip element 2.2 are expediently cohesively, positively and / or non-positively connected to each other, for example, welded or screwed. In this case, the welding ensures a particularly stable connection while screwing, for example, an exchange of the plate-shaped base element 2.1 and / or the tip element 2.2 independently allow, for example due to wear or adaptation of the tool head 1 to respective requirements.
  • the tool tip 2 and / or its base element 2.1 and / or tip element 2.2 has a substantially closed and substantially conical, frustoconical, pyramidal or truncated pyramidal effective surface.
  • This design of the active surface allows an introduction of a compaction energy not only downwards, but also laterally into the bottom region, so that a foundation column BS formed by the compaction has a wider diameter than the tool head 1.
  • the plate-shaped basic element 2.1 Truncated cone-shaped, ie its active surface extends laterally obliquely and in the lower region on which the tip element 2.2 is arranged, flattened and thus horizontal or perpendicular to the carrier element 3 of the tool head 1.
  • the outer shape of the plate-shaped base element 2.1 thus resembles an outer shape of a soup plate, ie a deep plate.
  • the plate-shaped base 2.1 is formed of metal, suitably made of steel.
  • the tip element 2.2 is formed, for example, from sheet steel, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 6 and 9 to 15 and 17.
  • a targeted formation of the tip element 2.2 allows to achieve a particularly good guidance of the tool head 1, in particular a good lateral support, so that a directed, preferably vertical or oblique lowering of the tool head 1, according to the respective predetermined orientation of the compaction tool 16, and in particular the risk of a lateral deviation of the tool head 1 from an intended path and thus the risk of lateral deviation of the tool head 1 formed by the column track SP and foundation ground BS is reduced.
  • To form the tip element 2.2 made of sheet steel for example, four steel sheets are welded crosswise, as shown in the aforementioned figures. For this purpose, from the four steel sheets to form the four cross parts of the tip element 2.2, to arrange in the shape of the cross and to weld together.
  • the tip element 2.2 for example, a bevelled
  • the round steel is milled off, for example, to form the shape of the tip element 2.2.
  • the tip element 2.2 has four bevelled surfaces which, together with a flattened and therefore vertical underside, form the effective surface of the tip element 2.2.
  • the active surface of the tip element 2.2 is formed substantially frusto-conical or truncated pyramid.
  • the bevelled round steel is a particularly cost-effective solution.
  • the tool tip 2 is positively secured to the support member 3, cohesively and / or non-positively.
  • the positive fastening for example by screwing, is particularly advantageous because the tool tip 2 then, for example, wear or replace to adapt the tool head 1 to respective requirements.
  • a cohesive fastening would be possible for example by welding.
  • the tool tip 2 on the support member 3 has, for example, as shown in Figures 5, 9 and 10, the tool tip 2 at an upper side of the plate-shaped - -
  • Basic element 2.1 a central fastening bolt 7 with an external thread, which is to be screwed into a corresponding internal thread of the support element 3.
  • the tool head 1 also has a plurality of ripping tools 8, in the examples shown here four ripping tools 8, but it is also a larger or smaller number of ripping tools 8 possible.
  • the tearing tools 8, which are made of metal, preferably of steel, are laterally pivotable on the carrier element 3 into a tearing position and can also be pivoted out of this tearing position.
  • the tearing tools 8 are thus not aligned radially on the tool head 1, but are arranged outside the radial direction, namely tangentially or on aête to the carrier element 3 positioned substantially centrally in the transverse direction of the tool head 1. At least in the Aufr possessposition the tearing tools 8 are therefore arranged eccentrically with their Llind ser extension on the tool head 1, on a secant of the tool head, at least for a round or substantially round tool head 1.
  • a non-round or non-circular support member 3 for example, an oval or polygonal support element 3
  • the terms used tangentially and / or passers expediently relate to an idealized circular shape of the cross section of the respective support member 3, wherein the circle expediently does not exceed the outer circumference of the support member 3 at any point to the outside, d. H.
  • the radius of the circle is at most as large as a maximum distance of all outer peripheral points.
  • Basic element 2.1 for example, a cross-sectionally oval or polygonal
  • Tool tip 2 the term secant expediently refers to an idealized circular shape of the cross section of the tool head 1, in particular the cross section of the tool tip 2 in the region of the base element 2.1, wherein the circle expediently at areas of the outer periphery of the tool head 1, in particular the tool tip. 2 , outside, but not inside - -
  • the radius of this circle is at least as large as a maximum distance of all outer peripheral points of the cross section of the tool head 1, in particular the tool tip 2 in the region of the base element 2.1, for
  • Tool tip 2 in the area of the basic element 2.1.
  • the respective ripping tool 8 In the tear-open position, the respective ripping tool 8 is aligned substantially perpendicular to a parallel of the longitudinal axis of the carrier element 3 and projects beyond an outer circumference of the tool head 1, d. H. one of a pivot axis S remote tearing tip of each tear tool 8 projects beyond all under and above the respective tear tool 8 arranged parts of the tool head 1, so that the tearing tip of the respective tearing tool 8 is free-standing in the tearing position in the lateral direction of the tool head 1.
  • This outer circumference of the tool head 1 is formed by the tool tip 2, in particular by the plate-shaped base element 2.1 of the tool tip 2, more precisely by its outer edge in the region of the respective ripping tool 8, d. H. the outer edge of the plate-shaped base element 2.1 forms the
  • the tool head 1 has the plate-shaped base element 2.1 its largest diameter or at least in the region of the tearing tips of the tearing tools 8 its largest lateral extent, as shown in particular in Figures 3 to 5 and 16.
  • 11 and 12 and 16 and 17 are all four
  • Tearing tools 8 pivoted in this Aufr inclusiveposition. In FIGS. 6 to 8, only two of the tearing tools 8 are pivoted into this tearing position.
  • the at least one ripping tool 8 can be pivoted so far upwards that it the outer periphery of the tool tip 2 and, since this forms the largest outer periphery of the tool head 1, and the outer circumference of the tool head 1 no longer surmounted, ie it is from the Tear-off position in a second position can be swung out upward, in which it is aligned obliquely to the parallels of the longitudinal axis of the support element 3, for example at an angle of - -
  • the carrier element 3 for each tearing tool 8 is an upper one associated therewith
  • Stop 9 is arranged, which stops the pivotal movement of the respective ripping tool 8 upwards at a predetermined pivoting angle.
  • These upper stops 9 are, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6 to 8, formed as moldings of metal, preferably steel, which are welded to the support member 3, or, as shown in Figures 11 to 15 and 17, formed as a formations of the support member 3, these formations of the support member 3 itself or screwed therein screws serve as the upper stop 9.
  • the tearing tools 8 strike during their pivotal movement upwards with an upper side to an underside of the respective upper stop 9, so that a further pivotal movement is blocked upwards. This prevents the ripping tools 8 pivot so far up that they do not swing back by the force of gravity or by hooking on the column track wall during the lifting of the tool head 1 back into the tearing position.
  • the lower stop 10 is in the illustrated examples for two of the four
  • Tearing tools 8 namely for the two lower tear tools 8 formed by the plate-shaped base 2.1 of the tool tip 2.
  • this lower stop 10 is formed in each case as a shape which, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6 to 8, is arranged on the carrier element 3 or, as shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 and 17, is arranged on an upper side of the plate-shaped base element 2.1.
  • These formations are formed of metal, suitably made of steel, and for example with the
  • Carrier element 3 or welded to the plate-shaped base element 2.1.
  • the tear-open tools 8 are aligned substantially perpendicular to the parallels of the longitudinal axis of the carrier element 3, project beyond the outer circumference of the tool head 1, in particular the outer circumference of its tool tip 2, and engage in the column track wall SPW during the lifting of the tool head 1, tear them and thereby release soil material from the column track wall SPW, which falls down and is compressed by the tool head 1 during a subsequent lowering of the compaction tool 16.
  • This tearing open of the column gauge wall SPW by means of the tearing tools 8 is particularly important since the lowering of the tool head 1 also already solidifies the column gauge wall SPW, so that without such a mechanical tearing of the column gauge wall SPW and detachment of the floor material not enough soil material from the column gauge wall SPW would solve. There would then not enough soil material for a sufficient compaction available. By tearing the column wall SPW by means of the tearing tools 8 thus a very high compaction of the soil is achieved.
  • the support element 3 has a fastening formation 11 for the respective tear-open tool 8 on a rear side facing away from the tear-open tip of the respective tear-open tool 8, on which the pivot axis S of the respective tear-open tool 8 is arranged.
  • This respective Befest Trentsausformung 11 is formed as a welded, for example, to the support member 3 molding of metal, preferably made of steel.
  • Tool head 1 protrude far enough to penetrate deep into the column wall SPW and dissolve sufficient soil material from this. - -
  • the ripping tools 8 are available, which differ in particular in their length. In this way, a soil-dependent selection of the ripping tools 8 is possible.
  • the tearing tools 8 are expediently replaceably attached to the tool head 1, so that in a simple manner a variant of the tearing tools 8 is exchanged for another variant, for example against a shorter or longer variant, according to current soil conditions.
  • the pivot axes S are formed by bolts, which in the example shown in Figures 1 to 8 passed through the respective Befest Trentsausformung 11 and secured with a nut screwed and in the examples shown in Figures 11 to 17 in the Carrier element 3 are screwed.
  • the pivot axes S are to be solved in a simple manner to remove the respective ripping tool 8 and optionally replaced by another.
  • the tool head 1 is to be selected according to the respective current soil conditions and / or corresponding to a respective groundwater level. This is possible by means of the adapter element 4 described above in a particularly simple and fast manner.
  • the tear-open tools 8 are expediently fastened pivotably to the tool head 1 by means of a respective sliding bearing 12, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 16.
  • a respective sliding bearing 12 slide the ripping tools 8 on their respective pivot axis S.
  • Slide bearing 12 relative to the sliding bearing 12 and the pivot axis S, or the slide bearing 12 is immovably fixed, for example, on the ripping tool 8 and slides to
  • the sliding bearing 12 is a simple, safe and inexpensive pivotable mounting of the tearing tools 8 ensured. If there is too much wear of the respective sliding bearing 12, the sliding bearing 12 or the entire tear tool 8 is to be replaced together with the sliding bearing 12 or at least together with the arranged on the tear tool 8 or trained part of the sliding bearing 12. Since the tearing tools 8 are also subject to wear due to the tearing of the column track wall SPW, wear-related replacement of the tearing tools 8 is required anyway, so that a more elaborate mounting, for example by means of one rolling bearing, is possible, but not absolutely necessary.
  • the tearing tools 8 have an elastomer insert 13 in the region of their pivot axis S, also referred to as an elastomer layer.
  • This elastomer insert 13 can also be the slide bearing 12 or at least part of the slide bearing 12, which slides on the pivot axis S formed or arranged on the carrier element 3. Im here shown
  • these elastomeric inserts 13 are not formed as a sliding bearing 12, but the elastomeric inserts 13 are each arranged between a respective inner ring and the respective rupturing tool 8 not shown here and firmly connected by vulcanizing both with the inner ring and with the tearing tool 8.
  • the inner rings are bolted to the respective pivot axis S and thus immovably arranged on the pivot axis S.
  • Pivot axes S are each immovably formed or arranged on the carrier element 3.
  • the respective pivot bearing formed in this way has no sliding surfaces and no gap, penetration of particles and associated wear are avoided.
  • the respective elastomeric insert 13 makes it possible to bias the respective tear-open tool 8 in at least one direction, for example in the direction of the tear-open position, so that the pivotal movement of the tear-open tool 8 - -
  • the elastomer inserts 13 thus each act as spring elements, in particular as torsion springs.
  • the elastomer inserts 13 also allow damping to strong forces and pulses which act on the particular ripping tool 8, in particular during the tearing of the column track wall, so that an undamped transmission of these forces and pulses to the support member 3 and in particular to the
  • Swivel axis S are prevented. As a result, a risk of damage, for example the risk of deformation of the pivot axis S, is reduced.
  • the tearing tools 8 are arranged uniformly distributed around a circumference of the carrier element 3 in the illustrated examples. This way is a
  • the tearing tools 8 are arranged in two planes.
  • use of the existing space for the ripping tools 8 is optimized on the tool head 1 and it is ensured that the ripping tools 8 do not interfere with each other in their pivotal movements.
  • the tool tip 2 nearest level two ripping tools 8 are arranged opposite one another and in an overlying level two other ripping tools 8 are arranged opposite each other, which to the other two ripping tools 8 in the lower plane in the circumferential direction of the tool head 1 offset by 90 ° on the tool head 1 are arranged.
  • the four ripping tools 8 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the tool head 1, but do not interfere with each other, since in the circumferential direction adjacent ripping tools 8 are arranged in different planes on the tool head 1.
  • the tool head 1 as shown in Figures 6 and 7, at least one outlet opening 14 for at least one fluid medium.
  • Opening 14 is for example formed as a flat jet nozzle or another nozzle or comprises such a flat jet nozzle or other nozzle.
  • the adapter element 4 has, as shown in FIG. 8, a corresponding connection 15 to which, for example, a hose is to be connected.
  • the tool head 1 can, as in the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, also have a plurality of such outlet openings 14.
  • the outlet openings 14 are associated with the tear tools 8.
  • the tool head 1 shown in FIG. 6 has four outlet openings 14, one outlet opening 14 in the region of each rupturing tool 8, while the tool head 1 shown in FIG. 7 has eight outlet openings 14, two outlet openings 14 in the region of each ripping tool 8 the outlet openings 14 assigned to the respective ripping tool 8, which are preferably designed as nozzles or comprise nozzles, for example as flat jet nozzles, or which have the same or different orientations.
  • the two tear-out tools 8 assigned to the respective tear-open tool 8 one is aligned substantially parallel to the tear-open tool 8 and the other substantially transversely to the tear-open tool 8.
  • the tool head 1 has corresponding openings, into which, as in FIGS. 6 and 7, a nozzle as exit opening 14 or a
  • Blind plug can be screwed in as a closure.
  • At least one fluid medium can be introduced through the outlet openings 14 into the column track SP and / or into the floor area adjoining the column track SP.
  • the term fluid medium means gaseous substances, liquids and suspensions, ie - -
  • the at least one fluid medium is, for example, water, air or another gas or gas mixture, a hydraulic binder, for example bentonite or a bentonite cement suspension or cement, lime or mixtures of these substances. Also, the supply of a majority of these substances or mixtures of these substances, d. H. a plurality of fluid media simultaneously or sequentially, is possible.
  • the introduction into the column track SP and / or into the adjoining floor area can take place under pressure or without pressure.
  • Figures 18 to 22 show the device 17 for soil compaction and / or soil consolidation during a procedure of the method.
  • the device 17 has the columnar compaction tool 16 with the tool head 8 and the columnar base body 18.
  • Figure 23 is a further advantageous
  • the columnar main body 18 of the compaction tool 16 may be formed, for example, of solid material, d. H. as a bar or, to achieve a greater sinking depth T, a plurality of interconnected bars. In this case, with increasingly lower insertion depth T, the number of rods used is increasingly reduced.
  • this base body 18 is formed from a hollow tube or, in order to achieve the greater insertion depth T, as shown in Figures 18 to 22, formed of a plurality of interconnected hollow tubes. In this case, with increasingly lower insertion depth T, the number of hollow tubes used is increasingly reduced.
  • FIG. 22 for example, still only a hollow tube is used at the end of the method, while in FIG. 18, at the beginning of the method, a plurality of hollow tubes for the columnar base 18 are required to achieve a correspondingly large depth of deposit T at the beginning of the process.
  • the sinking depth T of the compression tool 16 is shown in FIG. 24 in a time course t of the method.
  • ram pipes can be used, which form a basic body of a compression s tool according to the prior art.
  • the lower end of the tube or in the case of several tubes of the last tube is to be closed with the tool head 8, for example by welding or preferably by screwing the tool head 8 by means of the adapter element 4.
  • D. h. the lower end of the compression tool 16 is closed by the tool head 8, which is arranged at the lower end of the columnar base body 18.
  • the screwing for example by means of the adapter element 4, to be preferred, since in this way the compression s tool 16 is easy to install, disassemble and transport. Furthermore, the tool head 8
  • Compaction s tool 16 is very quickly and easily adapted to respective conditions and requirements, for example, to a particular soil condition by a replacement of the tool head 8.
  • the vibrating device 3 is placed on the upper end of the compression tool 16, which rhythmic movements, preferably exclusively movements in the longitudinal direction of the compacting tool 16, with a constant or controllably variable frequency, for example between 5 Hz and 20 Hz the compression s tool 16 initiates.
  • the vibrating device 19 may in particular be a conventional attachment device, for example a vibrator, a vibrator or a ram, for example also a vibrating hammer for sheet piling work. In this case, in particular when ramming is used, a pile-driving motion or a ramming action or ramming impact on the shaft is also possible
  • a holder 20 is arranged on the compression tool 16, which is connected to a holding device 21, for example with an excavator or with - -
  • the holder 20 is also referred to as a carriage, which is arranged vertically movable on a broker.
  • the broker is at least one guide and / or mounting rail, which is attached to the holding device 21.
  • the vibrating device 19 is mounted on the bracket 20 formed as a carriage, which is mounted vertically movable on the broker.
  • the broker is firmly connected to the holding device 21, for example a carrying bead. By means of the holding device 21, the compression tool 16 can be transported to a place where a soil compaction is to be performed.
  • FIG. 23 shows another embodiment of the device 1 for soil compaction and / or soil compaction.
  • This device 1 has as a holding device 21 on a crawler, wherein the compression s tool 16 and the vibrating device 19 by means of the holder 20 hang on a rope of the cable excavator.
  • the method is not only feasible on land, but also under water to condense a particular riverbed, for example, a bottom area at the bottom of a stream, river, channel, pond, lake or sea or other water.
  • the device 17 is arranged, for example, on a watercraft, for example on a ship or another watercraft with or without its own drive.
  • the holding device 21, which is designed for example as an excavator, a crawler crane, crane or caterpillar, positioned on this vessel or it is a part of this vessel.
  • the process is then carried out under water analogous to the described procedure on land to compact the soil area at the bottom of the water.
  • the method can also be used to compact flushed floors.
  • a radial expansion of a displacement and compression s effect on a soil material is at least a two times to three times the diameter of the tool tip 2 of the tool head 8. It can also be larger, depending on the particular soil.
  • the shape of the tool tip 2 because due to their shape, the compacting tool 16 introduced in the compression forces in a first portion, which acts in the longitudinal direction of the compression tool 16 on the bottom area to be compacted, and a lateral second portion , which obliquely to the first portion, d. H. obliquely downwards, acts on the soil area to be compacted, divided.
  • the compression tool 16 is, as shown in Figure 18, at a predetermined location at which the soil compaction is to be performed, positioned and lowered vertically down to a predetermined Sollversenktiefe TS, for example, 4.5 meters.
  • the ripping tools 8 are automatically folded out at the beginning of the lowering by the lowering movement of the tool head 1 in the manner described above from the tearing position, so that they do not hinder the lowering movement and the compaction of the soil.
  • the target countersink depth TS depends on the particular soil to be compacted, d. H. according to a particular building ground to be generated. The respective requirements depend, inter alia, on a particular building or building that is to be erected on the ground, as well as on the soil properties of the respective soil to be compacted.
  • the lowering ie the penetration of the compaction tool 16 into the ground, takes place due to the lowering force. At least part of the lowering force results from the own weight of the compaction tool 16, which after a settling of the - -
  • Compaction tool 16 on the ground completely on a bottom portion under the tool head 1 loads.
  • an additional force is applied by the holding device 21 to the compaction tool 16 so that the lowering force is composed of the weight of the compacting tool 16 and this additional force effect by the holding device 21.
  • the holder 20 is connected to a drive of the holding device 21, via which it is to raise and in particular also driven down, for example via at least one traction cable.
  • the traction cable can be connected, for example, with a hydraulic unit of the holding device 21, for example, the excavator or crane. In this way, by driving the holding device 21, d. H. For example, by a corresponding lowering drive of the excavator or crane, a force on the holder 20 and over this on the
  • Compression s Tool 16 to transfer.
  • This force acts vertically downward on the compression tool 16.
  • the entire or almost the entire weight of the device 17, with the exception of the own weight of the compacting tool 16 acts on the compacting tool 16 in this way.
  • the lowering force is thus composed of the weight of the compression tool 16 and the respective force effect by the holding device 21 on the compression tool s16 together.
  • the maximum possible lowering force then corresponds to the weight of the entire device 17 or at least almost its own weight.
  • the lowering force with which the compression tool 16 is lowered in this way for example, be up to 20 tons or even up to 30 tons.
  • a lowering pressure PE from the tool head 8 acts on the ground.
  • vibratory movements of the compacting tool 16 acting in the longitudinal direction of the compacting tool 16 are produced by the attached vibratory device 19, as a result of which a vibration pressure PV also acts on the base via the tool head 1.
  • a strength of the vibration pressure PV is advantageously over the - -
  • Vibratory device 19 can be specified.
  • FIG. 24 shows the lowering pressure PE and the vibration pressure PV in the course of time t of the method.
  • the compaction tool 16 drops successively to the predetermined Sollversenktiefe TS in the soil, with soil material through the active surface of the tool tip 2 of the tool head 1 is displaced both laterally and downwardly and is already compressed in this way. Soil material VBM compacted in this way forms the foundation soil BS after successful completion of the process. Due to the penetration of the compaction tool 16, the column track SP is generated, which still has a cavity at this stage of the method.
  • the tool head 1 If the tool head 1 has arrived at the predetermined set depth depth TS, it is raised again by a predetermined lifting height H, for example by 50 cm to 80 cm, as shown in FIG. This is done by means of the holding device 21, to which the compaction tool 16 is attached, d. H. by means of the excavator or crane. During the lifting of the compression tool 16, the vibrating device 19 may be turned off or remain on. By raising the compaction s tool 16 pivot the tearing tools 8 at the beginning of
  • the compaction tool 16 After the compaction tool 16 has been raised by the predetermined lifting height H, it is, as shown in Figure 20, lowered again with the vibrating device 19, so again on the tool head 1, the lowering pressure PE and the vibration pressure PV act on the ground and from the lateral column wall SPW compacted loose soil LBM is compacted.
  • the compression tool 16 By lowering the compression tool 16 are at the beginning of lowering the tearing tools 8 automatically swung out again from the tearing up, as already described. In this way they hinder the
  • the lowering of the compression tool 16 counteracts the predetermined resistance before a sinking depth T of a previous lowering is reached, as shown in Figure 21, by the tearing tools 8 always more soil material the lateral column track wall SPW is detached and accumulates as loose soil material LBM from the lateral column track wall SPW in each case remaining cavity of the column track SP under the tool head 1 and is compressed by this in each case.
  • Vibration pressure PV are set so that the compression tool 16 is raised again in each case when a sufficient compression of compacted by the compaction s tool 16 soil material VBM is achieved under the tool head 1.
  • the use of a compacting tool 16 adapted to the respective soil to be compacted with a high or low own weight and / or by using a correspondingly heavy holding device 21, for example an excavator or crane with a high dead weight, can also be used - -
  • Lowering is to be understood as having a predetermined lowering speed
  • Minimum value of a Absenkweges is no longer achieved. This can for example be determined automatically, for example by appropriate sensors. Alternatively, this can also be determined by a plant operator of the device 17.
  • Cavity of the column track SP falls under the tool head 1, and the subsequent lowering of the compaction tool 16, until it counteracts the predetermined resistance, are therefore repeated until the lowering of the predetermined resistance counteracts already when the compression s tool 16 on a predetermined End position EP is located, which is shown in Figure 22.
  • This predetermined end position EP is usually located in the area of the ground surface or near the ground surface, in order to obtain a ground, which is stable both superficially and at greater depths.
  • oscillating or alternating up and down movement is a steady material structure with compacted soil material VBM in the column track SP, so that the extreme - -
  • the column track SP is filled with compacted soil material VBM, so that the foundation column BS is formed from extremely compacted soil material VBM up to the predetermined end position EP of the compacting tool 16. Since the radial extent of the displacement and compression s effect on the soil due to the described design of the effective surface of the tool tip 2 of the tool head 1 at least a two times to three times the diameter of the tool tip 2 forms, as shown in Figures 18 to 22 represented around the foundation ground BS around also influenced by the compression s effect area B from.
  • the compaction of the soil by means of the compression tool 16 is effected not only by the vibrations of the vibrating device 19, but also by a high compressive force, namely by the lowering force with which the compaction tool 16 is lowered.
  • This additional compressive force ie the lowering force with which the compression tool 16 is lowered, can, as already mentioned, - -
  • Vibration pressure PV is lowered to the target sinking depth TS, already begins at the bottom surface.
  • compaction of the soil material as well as slipping and compacting of this slipped loose soil material LBM may result in formation of a funnel in the region of the soil surface above the soil compaction, as exemplified in FIG.
  • a compaction material VM for example a mineral material such as well compactable Gravel in round-grain mixture form or crushed-grain mixture form or with soil material which corresponds or resembles the soil material to be compacted. This is done, as shown here by way of example in Figures 20 and 21, preferably already during the process step by step, so that no too large lowering funnel AT, no cavities and no excessive loss of material arise at the bottom surface.
  • a compaction material VM for example a mineral material such as well compactable Gravel in round-grain mixture form or crushed-grain mixture form or with soil material which corresponds or resembles the soil material to be compacted.
  • FIG. 24 schematically illustrates a time profile of the lowering pressure PE, the vibration pressure PV and the sinking depth T in the course of the process. These are constantly detected and monitored during the procedure. This makes it immediately apparent when the lowering of the compaction tool 16 of the predetermined resistance - -
  • the lifting of the compression tool 16 can each be monitored by the predetermined lifting height H and it can be determined when the predetermined end position EP of the compression tool 16 has been reached and the method can be ended.
  • This continuous detection of the lowering pressure PE, the vibration pressure PV and the sinking depth T during the process also allow an evaluation for quality assurance. This makes it possible to assess whether the soil compacted in this way and the subsoil produced thereby meets the respective requirements, ie. H. For example, has a sufficient load capacity, strength and stability to perform planned construction on the ground, for example, to build a building or building on it.
  • the method is a full displacement method for underground improvement.
  • a storage density of an existing subsoil is significantly increased.
  • no additional ballast material introduced from the outside in the forming during the process column track SP is filled with soil material.
  • An extremely high ramming energy of the vibration device 19, for example a topping vibrator, placed on the compaction tool 16 causes the soil material, for example the gravel, to be rammed and pressed laterally into a soil matrix, thereby compacting and compacting the soil and reducing the soil Pore portion is effected.
  • Tool tip 2 of the tool head 1 and the vertical vibration movement of the compression tool 16 is a predominantly vertical force in the column tracks SP, so that extremely stiff ground columns BS can be produced, which have comparable properties as by means of methods and devices according to the prior art generated ground columns , - -
  • a compacted foundation column BS d. H. created a filled with compacted soil VBM column track SP, which improves the ground in the vicinity of the column track SP as a linear support member.
  • the soil is significantly improved by the displacement process when introducing the foundation columns BS against an initial state.
  • densification points are generated close to each other by the method, i. H. in a plurality of such ground columns BS, for example, linear or in a planar grid and for example at a distance of one meter from each other, a complete homogenization of the soil with a significantly increased density and higher shear strength and rigidity.
  • the method is preferably to be applied in water-saturated loosely to moderately dense sands and gravels with subordinate fines.
  • the process causes the homogenization and densification of sand and / or gravel.
  • the subsoil columns BS have a much higher load capacity, which can reach values of more than 800 kN to 1500 kn with larger diameters of the compaction tool 16.
  • the compression tool 16 preferably has a plurality of outlet openings 14. These outlet openings 14 can, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, be arranged on the tool head 1 and / or on other regions of the compression tool 16, for example also on the columnar base body 18.
  • the outlet openings 14 serve to supply at least one fluid medium to the tool body Column track SP and / or in an adjacent floor area.
  • the fluid medium may be, for example, water, air or another gas or gas mixture, a hydraulic binder, for example bentonite or a bentonite cement suspension or cement, lime or mixtures of these substances. This at least one fluid medium is by means of an external
  • outlet openings 14 fed. This connection to the supply lines of the compaction tool 16 is not shown in the figures for reasons of clarity.
  • the outlet openings 14 can be opened and closed, for example, by means of a respective valve, for example by means of a ball valve in each case.
  • the soil is additionally solidified and / or impermeable.
  • it may be useful or necessary to fill water as a fluid medium in the column track SP.
  • the supply lines are expediently compressed tool 16 in a hollow compression tool s 16 and led out, for example, in the region of an upper end of the columnar base body 18 below the patch or alseuticden vibrating device 19 through an opening from the columnar base body 18 to them with the Aggregate 22 to connect.
  • a columnar main body 18 of the compression tool 16 which has no hollow interior, the supply lines are to be laid outside.
  • the supply of the fluid medium to the column track SP is preferably carried out under pressure.
  • at least one such fluid medium is preferably carried out under pressure.
  • the external unit 22 has, for example, a pump and, if necessary, a mixer unit for
  • the compression tool 16 may alternatively or additionally comprise a so-called vacuum lance, which is connected to a suction device.
  • FIG. 23 shows a further embodiment of the device 17, by means of which the method according to FIGS. 18 to 22 is likewise to be carried out.
  • the holding device 21 is designed as a cable excavator.
  • the compression tool 16, on the upper end of the vibrating device 19 is placed, is connected by means of the holder 20 with the rope of the cable shovel, so that it hangs freely on this rope.
  • the compression tool 16 which includes the ram tube, and the vibrating device 19 hang freely in this case on the rope.
  • a holding device 21 also referred to as a supporting device, a rope excavator is used, for example.
  • the vibrating device 19 is started, so that the compression tool 16 by the lowering pressure PE, formed by the
  • the compression tool 16 due to the very long Rammrohres a very high weight, so that the lowering force, for example, corresponds to the achievable with the Switzerland thanks to the Switzerland.
  • FIGS. 25 and 26 show an example of such a soil compaction and / or soil compaction of a subsoil carried out by the method by forming a plurality of subsoil columns BS.
  • the method for producing a deep foundation is carried out, wherein for foundation foundation a foundation element 23 is rammed into the ground and a predetermined area of the ground before ramming and / or after
  • Mono-pile-pipe pile is formed as a foundation element 23. These monolayers are merely driven into the ground. On the respective foundation element 23, the element 24 held by the foundation element 23, which is formed as a power pole in the mast foundation for the power line, is then screwed on via a flange connection, and then the current lines can be mounted on the power pole. This can only be used in subsoil conditions in which easily rammable soils are present up to greater depths. These are usually structurally weak soils, which tend to large deformations. By compaction and / or solidification of the ground a stability of such example formed as Monopfumblele foundation elements 23 and disposed thereon to be held elements 24 is significantly increased.
  • Compaction s tool 16 is used, on at least one concentric circle, preferably, as shown in Figure 26 in a plan view from above, on several concentric circles, around the driven into the ground foundation element 23 or around a Einrammposition around, where the foundation element 23 is to be rammed, arranged.
  • This subsurface improvement in concentric circles by the described method is preferred after pile driving, i. H. of the foundation element 23, performed.
  • pile driving i. H. of the foundation element 23
  • a slight ramming of the foundation element 23 in the not yet compacted and / or solidified ground is made possible and then by the
  • the storage density of the soil plays a major role. Due to the additional improvement of the subsoil, the subsoil is considerably improved and can absorb larger ballast forces, so that more favorable results can be achieved in static calculations or the use of monolayers becomes possible. Thus, there is a technical and commercial interest that
  • the monofilaments which can be used with the method as the foundation element 23 are designed, for example, as a steel pipe with a diameter of 150 cm to 180 cm. Also larger or smaller diameters are possible. Furthermore, other materials are possible, such as concrete, reinforced concrete or wood. Individual micropiles or groups of micropiles can also be used as the foundation element 23.
  • each of the foundation pillars BS can each be the same depth as the rammed foundation element 23 or less deep or deeper. For example, increases in compression positions, which at different distances to the driven into the ground foundation element 23 or to the Einrammposition at which the - -
  • Foundation element 23 is to be rammed, are arranged, for example, on different concentric circles, the compaction depth, to which the compression of the respective bottom portion is performed, with increasing distance from the driven into the ground foundation element 23 or the Einrammposition, at which the foundation element 23rd should be driven, from or to. Ie. for example, the closer they are to the foundation element 23 or its intended insertion position, the deeper they are from the foundation element 23 or from its intended insertion position.
  • foundation columns BS of a respective concentric circle may also have different compaction depths. This is made dependent, for example, on a particular soil condition prior to soil compaction and / or soil compaction and on soil quality to be achieved by soil compaction and / or soil compaction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de compactage du sol et/ou de consolidation du sol pour du sable et des gravillons. Selon l'invention, un outil de compactage (16) est abaissé dans une zone du sol à compacter et des vibrations sont produites dans l'outil de compactage (16) au moyen d'un dispositif de vibration (19), afin de compacter la zone du sol. L'outil de compactage (16) est abaissé par une force d'abaissement et du fait des mouvements vibratoires à une profondeur d'abaissement théorique (TS) prédéfinie puis est relevé au moins une fois d'une hauteur de levage (H) prédéfinie et, du fait de la force d'abaissement et des mouvements vibratoires, à nouveau abaissé jusqu'à ce qu'une résistance prédéfinie s'oppose au nouvel abaissement. Au moins un outil de défonçage (8) disposé sur une tête d'outil (1), du fait du soulèvement de l'outil de compactage (16) latéralement en passant devant un élément de support (3) de la tête d'outil (1) allongé et disposé sensiblement sur un axe longitudinal de l'outil de compactage (16), est amené à pivoter dans une position de défonçage, dans laquelle il est orienté sensiblement perpendiculairement à une parallèle à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément de support (3) et fait saillie d'une circonférence extérieure de la tête d'outil (1). Au moyen de l'outil ou des outils de défonçage (8), pendant le soulèvement de l'outil de compactage (16), une paroi de voie de colonne (SPW) est défoncée et le matériau du sol est détaché de la paroi de voie de colonne (SPW). Le ou les outils de défonçage (8), du fait de l'abaissement de l'outil de compactage (16), sont amenés, en pivotant, à quitter la position de défonçage.
PCT/EP2014/077956 2013-12-16 2014-12-16 Procédé de compactage du sol et/ou de stabilisation du sol WO2015091476A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8608694U1 (de) * 1986-04-01 1986-05-22 Jansen, Willi, 5172 Linnich Vorrichtung zur Verfestigung verfüllter Baugruben
DE102010022661A1 (de) 2010-06-04 2011-12-08 vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bodenverdichtung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012223992B3 (de) * 2012-12-20 2014-03-20 Jörg Gnauert Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bodenverdichtung und/oder Bodenverfestigung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8608694U1 (de) * 1986-04-01 1986-05-22 Jansen, Willi, 5172 Linnich Vorrichtung zur Verfestigung verfüllter Baugruben
DE102010022661A1 (de) 2010-06-04 2011-12-08 vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bodenverdichtung

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