WO2015089823A1

WO2015089823A1 - Tri-polarization antenna

Info

Publication number: WO2015089823A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/090090
Authority: WO
Inventors: 罗伟; 张毅; 张志军; 赵建平; 王琳琳
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2013-12-20
Filing date: 2013-12-20
Publication date: 2015-06-25
Also published as: CN103858277A; CN103858277B

Abstract

The present invention provides a tri-polarization antenna comprising a bottom medium plate, a metal cylinder and a top medium disk. The upper surface of the bottom medium plate is coated by a metal layer, a first stripe gap, a second stripe gap and a first circular gap are etched on the metal layer, the lower surface of the bottom medium plate is coated by a feed network which is composed of micro-strip lines; the first stripe gap and the second stripe gap of the upper surface of the bottom medium plate are arranged vertically to each other, and do not intersect with each other; the radius of the metal cylinder is less than the radius of the first circular gap, and the metal cylinder is positioned at the center of the first circular gap, one end of the metal cylinder is connected with the upper surface of the bottom medium plate, thereby three orthogonal polarization directions are achieved, and requirements of the size, the gain and the like required by mobile communication can be satisfied with the bandwidth, the gain, the pattern stability, the size and the like thereof.

Description

Triple polarized antenna

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and in particular to a three-polarized antenna.

Background technique

As the demand for wireless communication continues to grow and the communication system becomes more and more complex, miniaturization and broadbandization have become the development trend of base station antenna products. The significance of miniaturization lies in saving site space, simple site engineering, and excellent wind load characteristics. The significance of broadbandization is to realize multi-system common antennas and save antenna resources.

Multiple input and multiple output (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is an important technology for improving the capacity and spectrum utilization of communication systems. The core idea is to use multiple antennas to transmit and receive signals simultaneously at the transmitter and receiver, thereby improving transmission efficiency and suppressing multipath fading. Based on MIMO technology, in a multi-path environment, multi-polarized antennas can improve the channel capacity of wireless communication, because when the correlation coefficients between branches with different polarization directions are low, that is, when the isolation is high, they It can be seen as a separate transceiver channel. Therefore, the multi-polarized antenna can realize more statistically independent multipath channels with less volume, thereby greatly improving the channel capacity of the system without changing the volume of the system equipment.

For a plane electromagnetic wave determined by a certain propagation direction, it has only two polarization directions in the orthogonal direction. However, for a base station antenna, the incoming signal in the rich scattering environment may be superimposed in multiple directions, and there is an electric field component perpendicular to the aperture of the receiving antenna in the space, so only the base station antenna having three mutually orthogonal polarization directions is present. In order to fully receive the incoming signal. The tri-polarized antenna makes full use of the three-dimensional feature to provide three mutually orthogonal polarization directions and realizes three independent channels in a limited space.

The existing three-polarization technology is mostly realized by a three-dimensional structure, which makes the structure size of the antenna larger, occupies space of the system equipment, and does not satisfy the trend of miniaturization of the current equipment, so their application range is greatly limited. The common drawback of these tri-polarized antennas is their large size, which is not conducive to system integration.

technical problem

It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-polarized antenna, which aims to solve the problem of a large size of a tri-polarized antenna in the prior art.

Technical solution

In a first aspect, a three-polarized antenna includes a bottom dielectric plate, a metal cylinder, and a top dielectric disk;

The upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate is coated with a metal layer, the metal layer is etched with a first strip slit, a second strip slit and a first circular slit, and the lower surface of the bottom dielectric plate is coated a feeding network composed of microstrip lines, wherein the three microstrip feeders are a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, and a third microstrip line, and one end of the first microstrip line is connected to the first pole The other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first strip slot; one end of the second microstrip line is connected to the second polarized port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the second strip slot; One end of the three microstrip line is connected to the third polarization port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first ring gap;

The first strip slit and the second strip slit of the upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate are perpendicular to each other and do not intersect;

The radius of the metal cylinder is smaller than the radius of the first circular slit, and the metal cylinder is located at the center of the first circular slit, and one end of the metal cylinder is on the bottom of the bottom dielectric plate The surfaces are connected, and the other end of the metal cylinder is connected to the lower surface of the top medium tray;

The upper surface of the top media disk is coated with a metal layer.

With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the feeding network of the lower surface of the bottom dielectric panel includes three microstrip lines, respectively a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line Third microstrip line:

One end of the first microstrip line is connected to the first polarization port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first strip slot;

One end of the second microstrip line is connected to the second polarization port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the second strip slot;

One end of the third microstrip line is connected to the third polarization port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first ring gap;

The first strip gap is electromagnetically coupled to the top medium disk, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the first polarized port is radiated to the space through the top medium disk to generate a first polarized electromagnetic wave;

The second strip gap is electromagnetically coupled to the top medium disk, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the second polarized port is radiated to the space through the top medium disk to generate a second polarized electromagnetic wave;

The first annular slot is electromagnetically coupled to the metal cylinder, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the third polarized port is radiated into the space through the metal cylinder and the top dielectric disk to generate a third polarized electromagnetic wave. .

With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the polarization directions of the first polarized electromagnetic wave, the second polarized electromagnetic wave, and the third polarized electromagnetic wave are in space The two are orthogonal to each other.

In conjunction with the first possible implementation of the first aspect or the second possible implementation of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation of the first aspect, the feeding of the lower surface of the bottom dielectric panel The network further includes a fourth microstrip line, and the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are connected by a fourth microstrip line.

In conjunction with the third possible implementation of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, the bottom dielectric board further includes a first lumped element and a second lumped element, the first The lumped element connects the first microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line, and the second lumped element connects the second microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line.

Combining the first aspect or the first possible implementation of the first aspect or the second possible implementation of the first aspect or the third possible implementation of the first aspect or the fourth possible implementation of the first aspect In a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the metal cylinder is a hollow structure.

Beneficial effect

Embodiments of the present invention provide a three-polarized antenna, which includes a bottom dielectric plate, a metal cylinder, and a top dielectric disk; the upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate is coated with a metal layer on the metal layer Etching a first strip slit, a second strip slit and a first circular slit, the lower surface of the bottom dielectric plate being coated with a feeding network composed of microstrip lines; the upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate The first strip slit and the second strip slit are perpendicular to each other and do not intersect; the radius of the metal cylinder is smaller than the radius of the first circular slit, and the metal cylinder is located in the first circular slit a center of the metal cylinder connected to an upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate, the other end of the metal cylinder being connected to a lower surface of the top dielectric disk, an upper surface of the top dielectric disk It is coated with a metal layer to achieve three orthogonal polarization directions, and its circuit parameters, radiation parameters and dimensions can meet mobile communication requirements.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying for creative labor.

1 is a structural diagram of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a comparison diagram of isolation effects of using a capacitor and an unused capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a structural diagram of a loaded monopole antenna that generates a third polarization;

4 is a structural diagram of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a simulation result of a circuit parameter S11 of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of a gain of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 7 is a two-dimensional view of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

8a and 8b are photographs of a prototype of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiments of the invention

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The following are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. Within the scope.

Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes:

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the three-polarized antenna includes a bottom dielectric plate F2, a metal cylinder A4, and a top dielectric disk A3;

Among them, the F2 area is larger than the A3 area, and the A3 area is larger than the A4 bottom area.

The upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate F2 is coated with a metal layer, and the metal layer is etched with a first strip slit A1, a second strip slit A2 and a first circular slit D1, the bottom dielectric plate The lower surface is coated with a feeding network composed of three microstrip feeders, which are respectively a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, and a third microstrip line, and the first microstrip line One end is connected to the first polarized port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first strip slot; one end of the second microstrip line is connected to the second polarized port, and the other end is electromagnetically connected to the second strip slot a coupling connection; one end of the third microstrip line is connected to the third polarization port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first ring gap;

The three microstrip feeders are respectively electromagnetically coupled to A1, A2, and D1, and the other ends are respectively connected to three ports, and the three ports are respectively three polarization ports P1, P2, and P3.

The first strip slit A1 and the second strip slit A2 of the upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate are perpendicular to each other and do not intersect;

The radius of the metal cylinder A4 is smaller than the radius of the first circular slit D1, and the metal cylinder A4 is located at the center of the first circular slit D1, and one end of the metal cylinder A4 is The upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate F2 is connected, and the other end of the metal cylinder A4 is connected to the lower surface of the top medium disk A3;

Among them, the center of A3 coincides with the center of A4.

The upper surface of the top medium tray A3 is coated with a metal layer.

The bottom dielectric plate F2 is not limited to a square shape, and FIG. 1 is only a specific implementation manner of the present invention.

Specifically, the feeding network of the lower surface of the bottom dielectric plate includes three microstrip lines, which are a first microstrip line B1, a second microstrip line B2, and a third microstrip line B3:

One end of the first microstrip line B1 is connected to the first polarization port P1, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first strip slot A1;

One end of the second microstrip line B2 is connected to the second polarization port P2, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the second strip slot A2;

One end of the third microstrip line B3 is connected to the third polarization port P3, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first ring gap D1;

The first strip gap A1 is electromagnetically coupled to the top medium disc A3, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the first polarized port P1 is radiated into the space through the top medium disc A3 to generate a first polarized electromagnetic wave. ;

The second strip gap A2 is electromagnetically coupled to the top medium disc A3, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the second polarized port P2 is radiated into the space through the top medium disc A3 to generate a second polarized electromagnetic wave. ;

The first annular gap D1 is electromagnetically coupled to the metal cylinder A4, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the third polarized port P3 is radiated to the space through the metal cylinder A4 and the top dielectric disk A3, thereby generating The third polarized electromagnetic wave.

Specifically, A1, A2, and D1 are strips or ring gaps, all of which will leak electromagnetic fields upwards. The leaked electromagnetic field will excite electromagnetic waves on the surface of A3 to generate radiated electromagnetic waves in three polarization directions. Therefore, A1, A2, and D1 are all electromagnetically coupled to A3 through a leakage electromagnetic field. Rather than traditionally electrically connecting directly with conductors.

The polarization directions of the first polarized electromagnetic wave, the second polarized electromagnetic wave, and the third polarized electromagnetic wave are orthogonal to each other in space.

Optionally, the feeding network of the lower surface of the bottom dielectric plate F2 further includes a fourth microstrip line C1, and the fourth microstrip line B1 and the second microstrip line B2 are fourth. Connect the cable to C1.

The fourth microstrip line C1 mainly serves to improve the isolation between the first polarized port and the second polarized port.

Optionally, the bottom dielectric plate further includes a first lumped element Pf1 and a second lumped element Pf2, the first lumped element Pf1 connecting the first microstrip line B1 and the fourth microstrip line C1, The second lumped element Pf2 connects the second microstrip line B2 and the fourth microstrip line C1.

Specifically, the effect of miniaturization of the feed network area is achieved using the first lumped element Pf1 and the second lumped element Pf2.

Optionally, the metal cylinder A4 is a hollow structure.

The metal cylinder A4 preferably adopts a hollow structure, which can reduce the total weight of the three-stage antenna.

Specifically, the excitation of the patch mode usually includes micro-band feeding, capacitive coupling feeding, probe feeding, and slot feeding. In order to excite two orthogonal polarization modes in the x-y plane and maintain a high isolation between the ports, the present invention employs a slot coupling feed to excite two patch modes, as shown in FIG. The two slits A1 and A2 are placed vertically such that the modes excited by the two slits A1 and A2 are orthogonal to each other. Generally, in order to improve the isolation between the ports, the two slits have a "T"-shaped layout, but in the present invention, if the "T"-shaped layout is bound to destroy the field distribution of the third polarization mode, the present invention adopts The "L" layout scheme.

After adopting the "L"-shaped layout scheme, since the two gaps A1 and A2 are the strongest, the isolation between the two gaps A1 and A2 decreases more. The present invention introduces another microstrip line branch C1 between the two microstrip feed lines B1 and B2, and C1 and B1 and B2 are respectively connected by capacitors Pf1 and Pf2, thereby canceling the coupling generated by the two gaps and making the port There is a high isolation between P1 and P2, as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a comparison diagram of isolation effects using a capacitor and an unused capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, after the capacitances Pf1 and Pf2, the variation of the isolation with the frequency is significantly optimized compared with the variation of the isolation before the use of the capacitance with the frequency (Frequency).

The third polarization is achieved by a loaded monopole antenna connected to port P3. The loaded monopole antenna consists of a top dielectric disk A3 and a metal cylinder A4. A3 is composed of a dielectric disk and a metal layer on its upper surface. Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a loaded monopole antenna that generates a third polarization. As shown in Figure 3, the effect of the cylinder loaded with the monopole antenna on the performance is as follows: the larger the radius of the cylinder, the wider the bandwidth of the antenna. The height of the center metal cylinder has an effect on the bandwidth and gain of the antenna. Due to the presence of the metal cylinder A4, a certain inductance is introduced, so the present invention achieves impedance matching by introducing a capacitor at the time of feeding. In the impedance matching design of port P3, instead of using the traditional lumped capacitor or inductive loading method, the structural design is fully utilized, and the capacitor is introduced by designing the ring gap D1, thereby increasing the stability of the structural performance. It also makes the pattern maintain a certain axis symmetry.

Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, a square dielectric plate is covered with a layer of metal, and two strip-shaped slits A1 and A2 are formed on the metal layer along the x-axis and the y-axis. Two microstrip feed lines B1 and B2 are attached to the lower surface of the dielectric plate corresponding to A1 and A2, and are connected by a microstrip line branch C1 and two capacitors Pf1 and Pf2. A loaded monopole antenna composed of a metal coated medium disc A3 and a metal cylinder A4 is placed at the center of the upper portion of the dielectric plate, and a microstrip feed having an approximately circular port is formed on the lower surface of the square dielectric plate corresponding to the metal post. Wire B3. A circular slit is formed at the center of the metal layer on the surface of the square dielectric plate, and the surface of the metal post forms a circular gap structure D1 with the circular slit.

The metal coated medium disc A3 in the embodiment of the present invention may also have other shapes such as a rectangle or the like.

FIG. 5 is a simulation result of a circuit parameter S11 of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, S11 is below -10 dB in the 2.3 GHz-2.7 GHz band.

FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of gain of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the gain range of the first polarization and the second polarization in the 2.3 GHz-2.7 GHz band is 8.8 dBi to 10.1 dBi, and the gain range of the third polarization is 4.75 dBi to 5.4 dBi. .

FIG. 7 is a two-dimensional diagram of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, it can be seen that the three polarization patterns can achieve directional coverage in space, and the first polarization and the second polarization pattern are consistent within the 3 dB wavelength width.

FIG. 8 is a photograph of a prototype of a three-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8a is a front view of the prototype, and Figure 8b is a rear view of the prototype.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

A triple-polarized antenna, characterized in that the tri-polarized antenna comprises a bottom dielectric plate, a metal cylinder, and a top dielectric disk;

The upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate is coated with a metal layer, the metal layer is etched with a first strip slit, a second strip slit and a first circular slit, and the lower surface of the bottom dielectric plate is coated a feeding network composed of three microstrip feeders, wherein the three microstrip feeders are respectively a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, and a third microstrip line, and one end of the first microstrip line is connected to the first a polarized port, the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first strip slot; one end of the second microstrip line is connected to the second polarized port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the second strip slot; One end of the third microstrip line is connected to the third polarization port, and the other end is electromagnetically coupled to the first ring gap;

The first strip slit and the second strip slit of the upper surface of the bottom dielectric plate are perpendicular to each other and do not intersect;

The radius of the metal cylinder is smaller than the radius of the first circular slit, and the metal cylinder is located at the center of the first circular slit, and one end of the metal cylinder is on the bottom of the bottom dielectric plate The surfaces are connected, and the other end of the metal cylinder is connected to the lower surface of the top medium tray;

The upper surface of the top media disk is coated with a metal layer.
The triple-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein The first strip gap is electromagnetically coupled to the top medium disk, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the first polarized port is radiated to the space through the top medium disk to generate a first polarized electromagnetic wave;

The second strip gap is electromagnetically coupled to the top medium disk, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the second polarized port is radiated to the space through the top medium disk to generate a second polarized electromagnetic wave;

The first annular slot is electromagnetically coupled to the metal cylinder, and the electromagnetic energy fed by the third polarized port is radiated into the space through the metal cylinder and the top dielectric disk to generate a third polarized electromagnetic wave. .
The triple-polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein polarization directions of the first polarized electromagnetic wave, the second polarized electromagnetic wave, and the third polarized electromagnetic wave are orthogonal to each other in space.
The triple-polarized antenna according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the feed network of the lower surface of the bottom dielectric plate further comprises a fourth microstrip line, the first microstrip line and the first The second microstrip line is connected by a fourth microstrip line.
The polarized antenna of claim 4, wherein said bottom dielectric plate further comprises a first lumped element and a second lumped element, said first lumped element connecting said first microstrip line and said fourth micro With a line, the second lumped element connects the second microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line.
The three-stage antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the metal cylinder is a hollow structure.