WO2015083048A1 - Système de production de gaz d'hydrogène et de gaz d'oxygène - Google Patents

Système de production de gaz d'hydrogène et de gaz d'oxygène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015083048A1
WO2015083048A1 PCT/IB2014/066382 IB2014066382W WO2015083048A1 WO 2015083048 A1 WO2015083048 A1 WO 2015083048A1 IB 2014066382 W IB2014066382 W IB 2014066382W WO 2015083048 A1 WO2015083048 A1 WO 2015083048A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
solution container
electrolyte
pipes
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2014/066382
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Adappa .
Original Assignee
Adappa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Adappa filed Critical Adappa
Publication of WO2015083048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015083048A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases through electrolysis. More specifically the invention relates to a system to produce and consume hydrogen gas and oxygen gas through electrolysis.
  • Hydrogen gas is the lightest and simplest fuel, which is being extracted by electrolysis process and can be used as a fuel for various applications. Hydrogen gas is a desirable source of renewable energy.
  • the present invention provides a system to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, wherein the system comprises of a solution container with a divider, a plurality of electrodes dipped in the electrolyte, a heating unit to heat the electrolyte, a plurality of gas pipes to carry the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas liberated during electrolysis, a plurality of heat exchange chambers to cool the liberated gases wherein a liquid present in the heat exchange chamber absorbs the heat from the liberated gases, a plurality of hot liquid pipes to allow the flow of the heated liquid from the heat exchange chamber to the solution container, a plurality cubes with holes placed in the solution container and in the heat exchange chambers to allow passage of the liberated gases through them to the pipes.
  • each of the electrodes in the electrolyte is less than the length of the divider.
  • each gas pipe comprises of a plurality of smaller pipes inserted into it.
  • the electrolyte is a mixture of water and an acid.
  • the electrodes are selected from the group of metals and non-metals.
  • the liquid in the heat exchange chamber is water.
  • the electrodes act as automatic circuit breakers.
  • the solution container, the feeder pipe, the gas pipes, the hot liquid pipes, the heat exchange chambers, the cubes and the stoppers are made of insulating material.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates the system to produce the hydrogen and oxygen gases through electrolysis.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates the heat exchange chambers used in the system of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 3 and FIGURE 4 illustrate the hydrogen pipes and oxygen pipes used in the invention wherein a plurality of pipes of a smaller diameter is inserted into a pipe of a larger diameter.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates the arrangement of cubes.
  • FIGURE 6a and 6b illustrate the working of the stopper used in the heat exchange chamber.
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates the system where a plurality of anodes and cathodes are implemented to increase the production of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the present invention discloses a system to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases using electrolysis.
  • the present invention overcomes the disadvantages associated with the production of hydrogen by adding safety features in the system to ensure safe production of hydrogen.
  • the present invention overcomes the disadvantages associated with storing of hydrogen gas.
  • the water is heated before it is subjected to electrolysis, thereby increasing the amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced.
  • the steam generated during heating of water is also utilized for electrolysis.
  • the metal and non-metal electrodes can be used as electrodes.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates the system to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases using electrolysis in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the system includes a solution container (1) which is can be an enclosed tank or any enclosed container.
  • the solution container (1) contains the electrolyte (2) which can be water or any other liquid.
  • the electrolyte is a mixture of water and an acid.
  • a small quantity of common salt (NaCl) may be added to the water in the solution container (1) to obtain the electrolyte.
  • a heating unit (3) is used to heat the electrolyte solution to a higher temperature.
  • the system of this invention can function even without the heating unit (3).
  • the ceiling of the solution container (1) has a plurality of holes which are used to insert a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of pipes into the solution container (1).
  • electrolysis is liberated from the cathode (5) and oxygen is liberated at the anode (4).
  • the hydrogen liberated at the cathode (5) and the oxygen liberated at the anode (4) are separated using hydrogen oxygen divider (19).
  • the water supplying and water pressure controlling feeder pipe (6) is dipped in the electrolyte in the solution container (1) to control the volume of the solution in the solution container (1).
  • the level of the electrolyte (7) is an essential factor in the system which controls the working of the system.
  • the length of each of the electrodes in the electrolyte is less than the length of the hydrogen oxygen divider (19). In a preferred embodiment of the invention the length of each of the electrodes (4) and (5) in the electrolyte is at least 2cm less than the length of the hydrogen oxygen divider (19).
  • These cubes can be made of any insulating material like glass, plastics or ceramics.
  • the size of these cubes may vary. These cubes may preferably be in the range of 1cm cubes to 2 cm cubes. Each of these cubes has a hole on each of its surfaces. The diameter of the holes may vary. The diameter of the holes may preferably be in the range of 2 mm- 3mm.
  • the cubes are arranged as shown in FIG 1. The cubes are arranged such that the holes of these cubes align with each other along a vertical axis and a horizontal axis forming a tubular path for the liberated hydrogen gas. The cubes are placed inside the solution container between the electrolyte and the ceiling of the solution container.
  • the presence of these cubes ensures that a large amount of hydrogen does not accumulate at one place thereby enhancing the safety of the system.
  • the cubes are so arranged that they are at a distance not more than 1 cm from the electrodes.
  • These cubes may also be connected through tubes having a diameter equal to that of the holes on the surface of the cube. In one embodiment of the invention the arrangement of the cubes and connection of the cubes through the tubes is as shown in FIG 5.
  • the hot hydrogen gas liberated at the cathode (5) passes through the cubes (17) and is then passed through the hydrogen pipe (9) into the hydrogen heat exchange chamber (11), which acts as a heat exchanger and cooling chamber for the hot hydrogen gas.
  • the hydrogen pipe (9) consists of more than one pipe of smaller diameter conjoined together. This arrangement is made to enhance the safety of the system. This can also be achieved by inserting pipes of smaller diameter into a larger pipe so that these smaller pipes provide separate smaller channels to the liberated hydrogen gas to reach the hydrogen heat exchange chamber (11).
  • the water (30) contained in the hydrogen heat exchange chamber (11) acts as a coolant for the hot hydrogen and thereby cools it.
  • the cooled hydrogen is passed through the hydrogen pipe (14).
  • the hydrogen pipe (14) consists of one or more pipes which are of smaller diameter conjoined together.
  • the cooled hydrogen which passes through hydrogen pipe (14) can be fed to a hydrogen stove to generate energy.
  • the hydrogen which passes through hydrogen pipe (14) can be stored or can also be used in hydrogen fuel cells by replacing the hydrogen stove with a suitable unit to satisfy the requirement.
  • the hydrogen pipe (9) and oxygen pipe (8) are fitted with stoppers (26) and (27) to allow only the flow of gases into the heat exchange chambers and not to let any water flow from the heat exchange chambers i.e., hydrogen heat exchange chamber (11) and oxygen heat exchange chamber (10) into the solution container (1).
  • these stoppers are in the form of flaps.
  • FIG.6a and 6b illustrate a stopper which is in the form of a flap and also illustrate the working of the stopper. As shown in the figure the stopper is attached to that end of the hydrogen and oxygen pipe which end is in the respective heat exchange chamber. In its normal position the flap of the stopper closes the opening of the pipe it is attached to due to the water pressure which pushes the flap upwards.
  • the gravitational force acting on the solid spherical portion of the stopper pulls the spherical portion downwards thereby pushing the flap portion of the stopper upwards.
  • the liberated gas enters the pipe (8) or (9) it creates a pressure on the flap and the flap opens to allow the liberated gas to enter the heat exchange chamber and the flap automatically closes the pipe when the pressure exerted by the liberated gas reduces.
  • the hot oxygen liberated at the anode (4) passes through the cubes (17) and is then passed through the oxygen pipe (8) into the oxygen heat exchange chamber (10), which acts as a heat exchange chamber.
  • the water (31) contained in the oxygen heat exchange chamber (10) acts as a coolant for the hot oxygen and thereby cools it.
  • the cooled oxygen then passes through the oxygen pipe (15) and it can be stored or it can be used for various other applications.
  • the stoppers are as shown in the FIG.l.
  • Each stopper has a ball which is positioned between two rings, one upper ring and one lower ring.
  • the ball is less dense than the electrolyte in the solution container (1).
  • the radius of the ball is equal to or greater than the radius of the hot water pipes.
  • the ball in the stopper has two protrusions on two diametrically opposite sides of the ball. The stopper is so setup that one protrusion passes through the upper ring and is inside the hot water pipe and the other passes through the lower ring.
  • the electrolyte in the solution container (1) pushes the ball upwards due to buoyancy and closes the hot water pipes when the electrolyte level in the solution container (1) is above the lower edge of the hydrogen oxygen divider (19).
  • As the level of the electrolyte in the solution container (1) recedes the ball moves downwards thereby opening the hot water pipes and allowing the water from the heat exchangers to enter the solution container (1).
  • the system stops working when the electrolyte level in the solution container (1) goes below the lower end of the electrodes (4) and (5). As the electrolyte level in the solution container (1) recedes, the hot water from the heat exchange chambers (10) and (11) enter the solution container (1) to ensure that the electrolyte level does not go below the lower edge of the electrodes (4) and (5). The system stops working if the knobs (24) and (25) are turned off when the electrolyte level in the solution container (1) recedes below the lower edge of the electrodes (4) and (5).
  • the AC power generated at regulated AC power supply (18) is converted into DC supply through the rectifier circuit (16).
  • a DC power supply can also be used instead of the AC power supply thereby removing the need for a rectifier circuit. Both high and low voltages can be used.
  • the positive terminal of the DC supply is fed to the anode (4) and negative terminal of the DC supply is fed to the cathode (5).
  • the heated water in hydrogen heat exchange chamber (11) and oxygen heat exchange chamber (10) is allowed to flow to the solution container (1). This helps to maintain the temperature of the water in the solution container (1) and thereby reduces the amount of energy required to be spent to maintain the temperature of the water within the solution container (1).
  • the hydrogen heat exchange chamber (11) and the oxygen heat exchange chamber (11) are fed water through the pipes (20) and (21) respectively.
  • the pipes (20) and (21) are connected to the bottom of the heat exchange chambers.
  • the heat exchange chambers (10) and (11) are filled with cold water so that the heat from the liberated gases which enter the heat exchange chambers can be absorbed by the cold water.
  • Each heat exchange chamber has an arrangement of cubes (28) and (29) as shown. In one preferred embodiment of the system the cubes are placed inside the heat exchange chamber between the water and the ceiling of the heat exchange chamber. This provides greater safety to the system against the combustibility and volatility of the liberated hydrogen gas.
  • the cubes can be made of any insulating material like glass, plastics or ceramics.
  • the size of these cubes may vary. These cubes may preferably be in the range of 1cm cubes to 2 cm cubes. Each of these cubes has a hole on each of its surfaces. The diameter of the holes may vary. The diameter of the holes may preferably be in the range of 2 mm- 3mm.
  • the cubes are arranged as shown in FIG 1.
  • the cooled hydrogen in the hydrogen heat exchange chamber (11) passes through the holes in the arrangement of cubes and then passes through the hydrogen pipe (14).
  • the cooled oxygen in the oxygen heat exchange chamber (10) passes through the holes in the arrangement of cubes and then passes through the oxygen pipe (15).
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates the system where a plurality of anodes and cathodes are implemented to increase the production of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • a system can also employ a plurality of hydrogen heat exchange chambers and oxygen heat exchange chambers.
  • Electrodes are preferably made of insulating material.
  • the electrodes may be metallic or non-metallic electrodes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de production de gaz d'hydrogène et de gaz d'oxygène, le système comprenant un récipient de solution avec un séparateur, une pluralité d'électrodes immergées dans l'électrolyte, une unité de chauffage pour chauffer l'électrolyte, une pluralité de tuyaux de gaz pour transporter le gaz d'hydrogène et le gaz d'oxygène libérés pendant l'électrolyse, une pluralité de chambres d'échange de chaleur pour refroidir les gaz libérés, un liquide présent dans la chambre d'échange de chaleur absorbant la chaleur des gaz libérés, une pluralité de tuyaux de liquide chaud pour permettre l'écoulement du liquide chauffé provenant de la chambre d'échange de chaleur vers le récipient de solution, une pluralité de cubes avec des trous placés dans le récipient de solution et dans les chambres d'échange de chaleur pour permettre le passage des gaz libérés à travers ceux-ci vers les tuyaux.
PCT/IB2014/066382 2013-12-05 2014-11-27 Système de production de gaz d'hydrogène et de gaz d'oxygène WO2015083048A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN5605CH2013 2013-12-05
IN5605/CHE/2013 2013-12-05

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015083048A1 true WO2015083048A1 (fr) 2015-06-11

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2140905Y (zh) * 1992-12-05 1993-08-25 赵建平 电解水氢氧发生器
CN2189611Y (zh) * 1994-03-23 1995-02-15 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 电解液自循环式氢氧发生器
WO2009154753A2 (fr) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Matériaux catalytiques, électrodes, et systèmes pour l’électrolyse de l’eau et autres techniques électrochimiques
US20110100328A1 (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-05 Prime Core Tech LLC. Electrolysis apparatus and related devices and methods

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2140905Y (zh) * 1992-12-05 1993-08-25 赵建平 电解水氢氧发生器
CN2189611Y (zh) * 1994-03-23 1995-02-15 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 电解液自循环式氢氧发生器
WO2009154753A2 (fr) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Matériaux catalytiques, électrodes, et systèmes pour l’électrolyse de l’eau et autres techniques électrochimiques
US20110100328A1 (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-05 Prime Core Tech LLC. Electrolysis apparatus and related devices and methods

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