WO2015071740A1 - Water heating - Google Patents

Water heating Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015071740A1
WO2015071740A1 PCT/IB2014/002439 IB2014002439W WO2015071740A1 WO 2015071740 A1 WO2015071740 A1 WO 2015071740A1 IB 2014002439 W IB2014002439 W IB 2014002439W WO 2015071740 A1 WO2015071740 A1 WO 2015071740A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
heating element
switching
construction
heating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2014/002439
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Albertus Johannes Human
Original Assignee
Albertus Johannes Human
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albertus Johannes Human filed Critical Albertus Johannes Human
Publication of WO2015071740A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015071740A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/486—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using timers

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to water heating.
  • Hot water cylinders use significant amounts of power. Water is often withdrawn from a cylinder at times of peak load. This consequently places a burden on the electricity supply system when it is most vulnerable to overloading and leads to controlled blackouts by the supply company to reduce demand i.e. to load shedding.
  • the present invention provides a water heater which requires less electricity at peak times and consequently contributes to the reduction of the demand at peak times.
  • a heating element construction comprising a first heating element attached to a mounting from which the first element slopes upwardly and a second heating element attached to a mounting from which the second heating element slopes downwardly, the first element being of greater heating power than the second element.
  • said elements are of elongate, hollow cylindrical form with a central bore through which water can flow.
  • a sleeve can be fitted around one of the elements, there being a water flow path of annular cross section between the outer surface of the element and the sleeve.
  • Each element can be fitted with a sleeve.
  • an installation comprising a hot water cylinder, a heating element construction as defined above, a first temperature sensor for detecting water temperature at the upper end of the hot water cylinder and switching said first element on and off in dependence on detected temperature and a second temperature sensor for detecting temperature in the vicinity of the second element and for switching the second element on and off in dependence on detected temperature.
  • an installation comprising a hot water cylinder, a heating element construction as defined above a temperature sensor for detecting water temperature at the upper end of the hot water cylinder and for switching said first element on and off in dependence on detected temperature, a timer for overriding the control function of the temperature sensor and preventing the first element from switching on outside the time periods determined by the setting of the timer, a solar panel connected to the second element for providing d.c. power to the second element and a pressure relief valve arranged to open if the pressure in the cylinder exceeds a predetermined value.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic pictorial view of a water heater in accordance with the present invention with part of the cylinder omitted;
  • Figure 2 is a disgramatic elevaton of a further form of water heater;
  • Figure 3 is a time diagram
  • Figure 4 illustrates another heating element layout.
  • reference numeral 10 indicates a hot water cylinder
  • 12 designates a first electrical heating element and 14 a second electrical heating element.
  • the element 12 is mounted on the end wall plate 16 of the cylinder 10 in conventional manner by means of its mounting disc 18.
  • the element 12 slopes upwardly from the plate 16.
  • the element 14 is mounted on the end wall plate 16 of the cylinder in conventional manner by means of its mounting disc 20.
  • the element 14 is below the element 12 and slopes downwardly. Both elements are connected to an a.c. supply.
  • the element 12 is of greater power than the element 14. For example, it can be 1.5 kw as opposed to 1 kw for the element 14.
  • the elements 12 and 14 can, as illustrated in Figure 2, be as described in published PCT specification WO/2012/004763 A1 .
  • Such elements are of hollow cylindrical form so that heated water flows through the element's central bore.
  • each element can be within an outer sleeve with spacers for maintaining the sleeve and element in a co-axial relationship whilst permitting water to flow in the cylindrical gap between the outer surface of the element and the sleeve.
  • the hot water outlet of the cylinder is shown at 22 in Figure 2 and there is a temperature sensor 24 at, or close to, the outlet 22.
  • the sensor 24 controls operation of the element 12, switching it on when the temperature at the outlet drops below a predetermined level and switching it off when the temperature exceeds a predetermined level.
  • a further temperature sensor 26 is provided immediately adjacent the element 14.
  • the element 14 is switched on by the sensor 26 when the temperature of the water falls below a predetermined level and off when the temperature rises to above a predetermined level.
  • Programmable timer 28 is provided for switching the power supply to the element 12 on and off.
  • the timer overrides the signals from the sensor 24 in that, regardless of what the temperature of the water is, the element 12 cannot be switched on except in the periods set on the timer 28.
  • a timer 30 similarly controls the element 14.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation showing the way in which, to even out electricity load, the timers 28, 30 permit the elements 12 and 14 to be switched on.
  • the dark grey areas show the hours of the day when the element 12 will switch on if the respective sensor 24 detects a temperature below the predetermined level. Outside these two time periods, that is, from 5 am to 9am in the morning and 5pm to 9pm in the evening the element 12 cannot be switched on regardless of the temperature in the cylinder.
  • the element 14 can be switched on only in the time periods 9pm to 4am and 9am to 4pm regardless of the temperature sensed by the sensor 26.
  • the element 14 raises the temperature in the cylinder to between 30 and 40°C during off-peak periods.
  • the element 12 switches on "on demand” when the temperature falls below a predetermined level. Because of the position of the element 12, only the uppermost layer of water in the cylinder is heated.
  • the power drawn by the element 12 is lower than that drawn by a conventional element, which could have a rating of 3 kw, when used alone in an "on demand" situation.
  • the a.c. element 14 can be replaced by a d.c powered element which can be directly connected to a solar panel. In this form the lower element 14 heats the water during times when sunlight is falling on the solar panel.
  • the elements 12 and 14 are mounted on the plate 16. The element 12 slopes upwardly and the element 14 slopes downwardly. As will be seen, the element 12 is mounted on the plate 30 below the element 14.
  • the temperature sensors are shown at 24 and 26 and are close to the respective elements 12 and 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

A water heater is disclosed which has a casing (10) within which there are two heating elements (12, 14). The element (12) slopes upwardly from the mounting plate (16) which is secured to the casing's end wall and the other element (14) slopes downwardly. The element (12) is of greater heating capacity than the element (14). Temperature sensors (24, 26) are provided together with programmable timers (28, 30) for controlling the periods for which the elements are switched on and are switched off.

Description

WATER HEATING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
THIS INVENTION relates to water heating.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION Hot water cylinders use significant amounts of power. Water is often withdrawn from a cylinder at times of peak load. This consequently places a burden on the electricity supply system when it is most vulnerable to overloading and leads to controlled blackouts by the supply company to reduce demand i.e. to load shedding. The present invention provides a water heater which requires less electricity at peak times and consequently contributes to the reduction of the demand at peak times.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention there is provided a heating element construction comprising a first heating element attached to a mounting from which the first element slopes upwardly and a second heating element attached to a mounting from which the second heating element slopes downwardly, the first element being of greater heating power than the second element.
Preferably said elements are of elongate, hollow cylindrical form with a central bore through which water can flow. In this form a sleeve can be fitted around one of the elements, there being a water flow path of annular cross section between the outer surface of the element and the sleeve.
Each element can be fitted with a sleeve.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided an installation comprising a hot water cylinder, a heating element construction as defined above, a first temperature sensor for detecting water temperature at the upper end of the hot water cylinder and switching said first element on and off in dependence on detected temperature and a second temperature sensor for detecting temperature in the vicinity of the second element and for switching the second element on and off in dependence on detected temperature.
The installation as can further including timers which override the control function of the first and second sensors and prevent either element switching on outside the time periods determined by the setting of the timers.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an installation comprising a hot water cylinder, a heating element construction as defined above a temperature sensor for detecting water temperature at the upper end of the hot water cylinder and for switching said first element on and off in dependence on detected temperature, a timer for overriding the control function of the temperature sensor and preventing the first element from switching on outside the time periods determined by the setting of the timer, a solar panel connected to the second element for providing d.c. power to the second element and a pressure relief valve arranged to open if the pressure in the cylinder exceeds a predetermined value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic pictorial view of a water heater in accordance with the present invention with part of the cylinder omitted; Figure 2 is a disgramatic elevaton of a further form of water heater;
Figure 3 is a time diagram; and
Figure 4 illustrates another heating element layout.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In Figure 1 reference numeral 10 indicates a hot water cylinder, 12 designates a first electrical heating element and 14 a second electrical heating element. The element 12 is mounted on the end wall plate 16 of the cylinder 10 in conventional manner by means of its mounting disc 18. The element 12 slopes upwardly from the plate 16.
The element 14 is mounted on the end wall plate 16 of the cylinder in conventional manner by means of its mounting disc 20. The element 14 is below the element 12 and slopes downwardly. Both elements are connected to an a.c. supply. The element 12 is of greater power than the element 14. For example, it can be 1.5 kw as opposed to 1 kw for the element 14. The elements 12 and 14 can, as illustrated in Figure 2, be as described in published PCT specification WO/2012/004763 A1 . Such elements are of hollow cylindrical form so that heated water flows through the element's central bore. If desired each element can be within an outer sleeve with spacers for maintaining the sleeve and element in a co-axial relationship whilst permitting water to flow in the cylindrical gap between the outer surface of the element and the sleeve.
The hot water outlet of the cylinder is shown at 22 in Figure 2 and there is a temperature sensor 24 at, or close to, the outlet 22. The sensor 24 controls operation of the element 12, switching it on when the temperature at the outlet drops below a predetermined level and switching it off when the temperature exceeds a predetermined level.
A further temperature sensor 26 is provided immediately adjacent the element 14. The element 14 is switched on by the sensor 26 when the temperature of the water falls below a predetermined level and off when the temperature rises to above a predetermined level.
Programmable timer 28 is provided for switching the power supply to the element 12 on and off. The timer overrides the signals from the sensor 24 in that, regardless of what the temperature of the water is, the element 12 cannot be switched on except in the periods set on the timer 28. A timer 30 similarly controls the element 14.
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation showing the way in which, to even out electricity load, the timers 28, 30 permit the elements 12 and 14 to be switched on. The dark grey areas show the hours of the day when the element 12 will switch on if the respective sensor 24 detects a temperature below the predetermined level. Outside these two time periods, that is, from 5 am to 9am in the morning and 5pm to 9pm in the evening the element 12 cannot be switched on regardless of the temperature in the cylinder. The element 14 can be switched on only in the time periods 9pm to 4am and 9am to 4pm regardless of the temperature sensed by the sensor 26.
The element 14 raises the temperature in the cylinder to between 30 and 40°C during off-peak periods. The element 12 switches on "on demand" when the temperature falls below a predetermined level. Because of the position of the element 12, only the uppermost layer of water in the cylinder is heated. The power drawn by the element 12 is lower than that drawn by a conventional element, which could have a rating of 3 kw, when used alone in an "on demand" situation.
The a.c. element 14 can be replaced by a d.c powered element which can be directly connected to a solar panel. In this form the lower element 14 heats the water during times when sunlight is falling on the solar panel. In Figure 4 the elements 12 and 14 are mounted on the plate 16. The element 12 slopes upwardly and the element 14 slopes downwardly. As will be seen, the element 12 is mounted on the plate 30 below the element 14. The temperature sensors are shown at 24 and 26 and are close to the respective elements 12 and 14.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A heating element construction comprising a first heating element attached to a mounting from which the first element slopes upwardly and a second heating element attached to a mounting from which the second heating element slopes downwardly, the first element being of greater heating power than the second element.
2. A heating element construction as claimed in claim 1 wherein said elements are of elongate, hollow cylindrical form with a central bore through which water can flow.
3. A heating element construction as claimed in claim 2, and including a sleeve fitted around one of the elements, there being a water flow path of annular cross section between the outer surface of the element and the sleeve.
4. A heating element construction as claimed in claim 3, wherein each element is fitted with a sleeve.
5. An installation comprising a hot water cylinder, a heating element construction as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, a first temperature sensor for detecting water temperature at the upper end of the hot water cylinder and switching said first element on and off in dependence on detected temperature and a second temperature sensor for detecting temperature in the vicinity of the second element and for switching the second element on and off in dependence on detected temperature.
6. An installation as claimed in claim 5 and further including timers which override the control function of the first and second sensors and prevent either element switching on outside the time periods determined by the setting of the timers.
7. An installation comprising a hot water cylinder, a heating element construction as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, a temperature sensor for detecting water temperature at the upper end of the hot water cylinder and for switching said first element on and off in dependence on detected temperature, a timer for overriding the control function of the temperature sensor and preventing the first element from switching on outside the time periods determined by the setting of the timer, a solar panel connected to the second element for providing d.c. power to the second element and a pressure relief valve arranged to open if the pressure in the cylinder exceeds a predetermined value.
PCT/IB2014/002439 2013-11-14 2014-11-14 Water heating WO2015071740A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2013/03492 2013-11-14
ZA201303492 2013-11-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015071740A1 true WO2015071740A1 (en) 2015-05-21

Family

ID=53056853

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2014/002439 WO2015071740A1 (en) 2013-11-14 2014-11-14 Water heating

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2015071740A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2534878A (en) * 2015-02-02 2016-08-10 Isis Innovation Improvements in fluid storage systems
EP3182032A1 (en) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-21 Atlantic Industrie Flat domestic water heater with immersed indirect heating elements

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3831152A1 (en) * 1988-09-13 1990-03-22 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Hot-water cylinder
WO2012004763A1 (en) * 2010-07-07 2012-01-12 Jan Petrus Human Heating elements
IL220042A (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-03-24 Roni Ginossar System for horizontal tanks comprising heating means mounted at two inclines

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3831152A1 (en) * 1988-09-13 1990-03-22 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Hot-water cylinder
WO2012004763A1 (en) * 2010-07-07 2012-01-12 Jan Petrus Human Heating elements
IL220042A (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-03-24 Roni Ginossar System for horizontal tanks comprising heating means mounted at two inclines

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2534878A (en) * 2015-02-02 2016-08-10 Isis Innovation Improvements in fluid storage systems
EP3182032A1 (en) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-21 Atlantic Industrie Flat domestic water heater with immersed indirect heating elements

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