WO2015071088A1 - Motor vehicle propulsion unit and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Motor vehicle propulsion unit and motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015071088A1
WO2015071088A1 PCT/EP2014/073090 EP2014073090W WO2015071088A1 WO 2015071088 A1 WO2015071088 A1 WO 2015071088A1 EP 2014073090 W EP2014073090 W EP 2014073090W WO 2015071088 A1 WO2015071088 A1 WO 2015071088A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
gear
synchronizers
epicyclic
synchronizer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/073090
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Stephane Venturi
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles
Priority to CN201480072868.0A priority Critical patent/CN106132746B/en
Publication of WO2015071088A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015071088A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2064—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using at least one positive clutch, e.g. dog clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2069—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using two freewheel mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2079—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches
    • F16H2200/2084—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches two freewheel mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2094—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using positive clutches, e.g. dog clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a powertrain for driving a motor vehicle.
  • It relates more particularly to a powertrain for a hybrid type vehicle.
  • this type of vehicle comprises a powertrain which uses alone or in combination, as a traction / propulsion drive mode, a combustion engine, generally with internal combustion, with a speed variation device and a machine motor / receiver, such as a rotating electrical machine connected to an electrical source, such as one or more electric accumulators or batteries.
  • This combination makes it possible to optimize the performance of this vehicle, both in terms of reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and at the level of the reduction in fuel consumption.
  • the powertrain of a motor vehicle comprises a heat engine with a shaft connected to a speed variation transmission device comprising an epicyclic motor train with a planetary and a each connected to the shaft of the heat engine by a controlled-control coupling and a fixed part of the group by a unidirectional coupling and a planet carrier transmitting the speed variation to the driving axle of the vehicle via a transmission path comprising the elements between the planet carrier shaft and the axle and which ensure the kinematic connection between the shaft and the axle.
  • variable speed transmission device of this powertrain In a constant effort to improve, the applicant has further improved the variable speed transmission device of this powertrain by simplifying it even more.
  • the present invention relates to a power unit of a motor vehicle comprising a heat engine with a shaft, a speed variation device comprising an epicyclic motor train with a sun gear and a ring each connected to the shaft of the engine by a control-controlled coupling and a fixed part of the vehicle by a unidirectional automatic coupling, and a driving axle, characterized in that the controlled-control couplings comprise synchronizers controlled by control means.
  • the control means may comprise a single command connecting in translation the two synchronizers.
  • the single command may include a link bar acting on the control members of the two synchronizers.
  • the double-acting synchronizer may comprise a connection hub, a walkman with two toothed seats and two synchronization rings.
  • the shaft may carry a conical friction surface and a toothed cylindrical bearing adapted to cooperate with the double-acting synchronizer.
  • the invention also applies to a powertrain for a hybrid type vehicle further comprising a driving / receiving machine, said group may include another epicyclic train connecting the epicyclic motor train to the driving axle.
  • the driving / receiving machine can be connected by its rotor to the axle.
  • the invention also relates to a method of obtaining gear ratios using a powertrain transmission device in which it can consist of simultaneously moving the synchronizers to obtain different gear ratios in a ratio sequence.
  • the method may consist in producing a zero speed ratio by disconnecting the shaft of the epicyclic motor train.
  • the method can consist in producing a zero speed ratio via the double-acting synchronizer.
  • FIG. 1 which is a diagram showing a powertrain according to the invention applied to a hybrid vehicle
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a variant of the powertrain of FIG. 1,
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show different states of the variant of FIG. 2, - Figure 5 which is another variant of the powertrain of the figure
  • the powertrain comprises a heat engine 10, in particular an internal combustion engine, with a motor shaft 12, here coming from the crankshaft of this engine, a variable speed transmission device 14 and a driving axle 16 which makes it possible to drive the drive wheels 18 of the vehicle, advantageously via a differential bridge 20.
  • the motor shaft 12 also has a receiving shaft function but for reasons of simplification of description, this shaft will be called motor shaft so as to distinguish it from other shafts of the transmission device.
  • a driving / receiving machine 22 is associated with this group.
  • this driving / receiving machine is an electric machine that is used as an electric motor for driving the wheels of the vehicle or as a receiving machine to generate a power source used in particular to recharge the batteries.
  • any other type of driving / receiving machine can be used, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic machine.
  • the speed variation transmission device 14 comprises an epicyclic gear train 24, referred to as an epicyclic motor gear train in the following description, with two controlled-control couplings 26, 28 and two unidirectional automatic couplings, here freewheels 30, 32.
  • the epicyclic motor train 24 comprises a sun gear 34 with a strip 36 toothed externally and carried by a flange 38.
  • This flange is fixedly mounted on a hollow shaft 40, said sun gear shaft, surrounding the drive shaft 12 being free in rotation but fixed in translation relative to this drive shaft.
  • this shaft is supported in a bearing 44 carried by a fixed portion 46 of the powertrain through the freewheel 30, called planetary freewheel.
  • This train also comprises a ring 48 with an internally toothed ring 50, placed concentrically with the sun gear, and a sail 52 connected to a hollow shaft 54, said crown shaft, surrounding the drive shaft 12 while being free to rotate but fixed in translation with respect to this motor shaft.
  • This ring is connected via its shaft 54 to the fixed part 46 of the power unit by the freewheel 32, called crown freewheel, placed at a distance from its free end 56.
  • the two freewheels 30 and 32 are placed in such a way that the ring gear 48 and the sun gear 34 can rotate only in the same direction and preferably in the same direction as the drive shaft 12.
  • this epicyclic motor train comprises a planet carrier 58 with advantageously three satellites 60, in the form of an externally toothed wheel, placed in the same angular interval relative to each other (here at 120 °) and meshing with the crown and the sun gear.
  • the ring 50 of the crown, the strip 36 of the sun gear and the satellites 60 are located in the same plane, here in a vertical plane by considering FIG.
  • satellites are each carried by a horizontal axis 62 being free in rotation but fixed in translation thereon.
  • satellite axes are carried by a vertical wall 64 connected to a tubular bearing 66, said bearing planet carrier, which surrounds the sun shaft 40 being free to rotate thereon.
  • the free ends of the hollow shafts of the sun gear and the ring gear are each connected to the drive shaft by a coupling in the form of a synchronizer 68 and 70.
  • each end of the hollow shafts bears a conical friction surface 72, 74 and a toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76, 78.
  • the synchronizers 68, 70 each comprise a connection hub 80, 82, toothed externally and internally, which carries a sliding device 84, 86 with an internal toothing 85, 87 and a conical timing ring 88, 90, preferably friction.
  • the fastening hub 80, 82 is fixedly fixed in rotation and in translation with the shaft 12 by its toothing while the synchronization ring is concentrically carried by the hub being free in translation but fixed in rotation with the shaft 12.
  • the player 84, 86 is connected in rotation with the hub by the cooperation of its internal teeth 85, 87 with the outer teeth of the hub while being able to slide on this hub.
  • the player is driven in axial displacement towards the end considered by any known means, such as by a control member in the form of a fork 92, 94 actuated by a lever 96, 98 which acts on the player 84, 86.
  • This displacement has the effect of bringing the conical friction ring 88, 90 in cooperation with the conical friction surface 72, 74 carried by the end of the hollow shaft, which then makes it possible to synchronize the speed of the hollow shaft relative to that of the hub.
  • the synchronizer makes it possible to have a smaller footprint, to be easier to implement while at the same time making it possible to obtain savings in consumption and significant acceleration.
  • its cost is lower than that of a clutch and offers a lower drag.
  • the transmission device comprises another additional epicyclic gear train 100, hereinafter referred to as the epicyclic machine train, placed on a shaft 102 that is substantially parallel to the drive shaft 12 and supported by bearings. from 104 of the fixed part 46 of the powertrain. To ensure the rotational connection between the two trains, two toothed connecting strips 106, 108 are made to cooperate.
  • One 106 of the connecting strips is carried by the planet carrier 58 of the epicyclic motor gear train 24 and cooperates meshing with the other 108 of the strips which is carried by the ring gear 1 10 of the planetary gear train 100.
  • This ring also comprises an internally toothed drive lug 1 12 carried by a flange 1 14 fixed to a tubular bearing 1 16 surrounding the shaft 102.
  • This driving strip cooperates with a planet carrier 1 18 advantageously comprising three satellites 120, in the form of a gear with external toothing, carried by satellite axes 122 and placed in the same angular interval relative to each other (here at 120 °) and meshing with the toothing of the driving strip 1 12 of the crown 1 10.
  • the planet axes 122 are carried by a web 124 fixed on a tubular bearing 126 surrounding the shaft 102.
  • sun gear 128 linked in rotation with the shaft 102, which comprises a strip 130 toothed externally and carried by a flange 132.
  • the strip 1 12 of the ring 1 10 the gear ring 130 of the sun gear and the satellites 120 are located in the same plane, here in a vertical plane by considering Figure 1 .
  • the flange 124 of the planet carrier also comprises an externally toothed strip 138 which cooperates with another toothed wheel 140 connected to the drive axle 16 thus forming a motion transmission path between the machine epicyclic gear train 100 and the axle 16. .
  • the shaft 102 fixedly bears another gear 142 which cooperates with the rotor 144 of the electric machine 22, here via a toothed belt or a chain.
  • the machine epicyclic gear train 100 also carries a controlled-control coupling 146 making it possible to connect its ring gear 1 10 to either the stationary gear 142 or to the fixed part 46 of the powertrain.
  • this coupling comprises a synchronizer 148, said machine synchronizer, with two coupling positions and a neutral position.
  • This synchronizer is rotatably supported by the tubular bearing 1 16 of the ring 1 10 and is provided to cooperate, under the effect of a control means 150, either to the fixed gear 142 or to the fixed part 46 powertrain.
  • the machine synchronizer 148 is inactive (neutral position) or in the coupled position with the pinion 142 and the synchronizers 68, 70 are either one in the active position , both in active position.
  • the rotation of the shaft 12 of the heat engine 10 rotates the sun gear 34.
  • the rotation of the sun gear in turn causes the sun to rotate. Satellites 60 and then the planet carrier 58.
  • This rotation of the planet carrier is then transmitted through the connecting strips 106, 108 to the ring 1 10 of the epicyclic machine train which transmits the rotational movement to its planet carrier 1 18 and the axle through the path of motion transmission between this train and the axle 16.
  • This rotation of the planet carrier is then transmitted through the connecting strips 106, 108 to the ring 1 10 of the epicyclic machine train which transmits the rotational movement to its planet carrier 1 18 and to the axle through the motion transmission path between this train and the axle 16.
  • This single control means 152 fixedly connects the two players 84, 86 of the two synchronizers 68, 70 so that these two players move at the same time in the same direction and with the same stroke.
  • this control means may be a connecting piece 154 between the control members 92, 94.
  • the synchronizer 68 makes it possible to ensure the rotational connection of the drive shaft 12 with the sun gear 34.
  • the ring 48 is then free to rotate on this motor shaft taking into account the inaction of the synchronizer 70.
  • the connecting piece 1 54 simultaneously actuates, in axial displacement, the two synchronizers 68, 70 through the control members 92, 94, in a movement going from the right to the left, considering this FIG. .
  • This movement continues until the synchronizer 70 rotates the drive shaft 12 with the ring gear 48.
  • the rotational connection of the drive shaft 12 with the sun gear 34 by the synchronizer 68 remains active. In this configuration, the motor shaft 12 is thus connected to both the sun gear and the crown.
  • the configuration obtained is that of the ratio 2, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the synchronizer 68 disengages the shaft 12 from the sun gear 34 while the synchronizer 70 is still active to connect the shaft 12 with the crown 48.
  • the rotation of the sun gear and / or the crown is transmitted to the planet carrier 58.
  • This planet carrier then transmits these different speeds of rotation to the axle 16 by the machine epicyclic gear train 100 and the gear wheel 140 which cooperates with the headband 138.
  • a double-acting synchronizer 156 is housed on the shaft 12 between the epicyclic motor train 24 and the motor 10 instead of the synchronizer 68.
  • This double-acting synchronizer comprises a fastening hub 158 toothed externally while being fixed in translation and free to rotate on the shaft 12, a sliding member 160 carried by the hub and provided with two internally toothed bearing surfaces 162, 164 symmetrical axially with respect to the vertical center axis of the player and two conical timing rings 166, 168 disposed on either side of the hub while being coaxial with each other.
  • This synchronizer 156 is adapted to cooperate with the end of the hollow sun shaft 40 which carries the conical friction surface 72 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76.
  • This synchronizer is alternatively also adapted to cooperate with a conical friction surface 170 and a cylindrical toothed bearing 172 carried by a web 174 fixed on the shaft 12.
  • the synchronizer 70 is not active to achieve the coupling between the drive shaft 12 and the hollow ring shaft 54, the conical ring 168 and the toothed bearing surface 164 of the player 160 are in connection with the surface the conical friction ring 72 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76 of the sun gear shaft, and the conical ring 166 and the toothed bearing surface 162 of the sliding gear 160 are not connected with the conical friction surface 170 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 172 carried by the motor shaft.
  • the single control means 152 controls the simultaneous movement of the two players 86, 160 in a direction from right to left to reach a position where the motor shaft 12 rotates the hollow sun shaft 40 without driving the crown hollow shaft 54.
  • the conical ring 168 and the toothed bearing surface 164 of the sliding member 160 remain in connection with the conical friction surface 72 and the cylindrical bearing surface toothed 76 of the sun shaft 40 and the conical ring 166 and the toothed bearing surface 162 of the sliding device 160 are rotatably connected with the conical friction surface 170 and the toothed cylindrical surface 172 carried by the web 174.
  • the means 152 controls the simultaneous movement of the two players 86, 160 in a direction always going from the right to the left to arrive at a position where the drive shaft 12 rotates at the same time. both the sun shaft 40 and the hollow shaft 54.
  • the player 160 has moved but the conical ring 168 and the toothed bearing surface 164 of the player 160 remain in connection with the conical friction surface 72 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76 of the sun gear shaft 40, and the conical ring 166 and toothed bearing 162 of the player 160 also remains in connection with the conical friction surface 170 and the toothed cylindrical bearing 172 carried by the web 174.
  • the conical ring 90 and the toothing 87 of the sliding device 86 come into contact with the conical friction surface 74 and the toothed cylindrical surface 78 of the crown shaft 54.
  • control means 152 simultaneously moves the two rollers 86, 160 in the direction from right to left to arrive at a position where the driving shaft 12 rotation only the crown hollow shaft 54.
  • the player 86 of the synchronizer 70 has moved but the conical ring 90 and the toothed bearing surface 87 remains in connection with the conical friction surface 74 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 78 of the crown shaft 54, ensuring the connection between the shaft 12 and the crown shaft 54.
  • the conical ring 166 and the toothed bearing surface 162 of the sliding device 160 remain in rotational connection with the conical friction surface 170 and the cylindrical seat toothed 172 carried by the web 174 but the conical ring 168 and the toothed bearing surface 164 of the sliding device 160 are disengaged from the conical friction surface 72 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76 of the sun gear shaft 40.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a motor vehicle propulsion unit comprising a combustion engine (10) with a shaft (12), a speed varying device (14) comprising an engine epicycle gear train (24) with a sun gear (34) and annulus gear (48) each connected to the shaft (12) of the combustion engine (10) by a controlled coupling (26, 28) and to a fixed part (48) of the vehicle by a one-way automatic coupling (30, 32), and a driven axle (16). The couplings (26, 28) comprise synchronisers (68, 70) controlled by control means (96, 98).

Description

GROUPE MOTOPROPULSEUR DE VÉHICULE AUTOMOBILE ET VÉHICULE AUTOMOBILE  MOTOR POWERTRAIN FOR MOTOR VEHICLE AND MOTOR VEHICLE
La présente invention se rapporte à un groupe motopropulseur pour l'entraînement d'un véhicule automobile. The present invention relates to a powertrain for driving a motor vehicle.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement un groupe motopropulseur pour un véhicule de type hybride. It relates more particularly to a powertrain for a hybrid type vehicle.
Comme cela est déjà connu, ce type de véhicule comporte un groupe motopropulseur qui utilise seul ou en combinaison, comme mode d'entraînement en traction/propulsion, un moteur thermique, généralement à combustion interne, avec un dispositif de variation de vitesse et une machine motrice/réceptrice, comme une machine électrique rotative reliée à une source électrique, telle qu'un ou plusieurs accumulateurs électriques ou batteries. As is already known, this type of vehicle comprises a powertrain which uses alone or in combination, as a traction / propulsion drive mode, a combustion engine, generally with internal combustion, with a speed variation device and a machine motor / receiver, such as a rotating electrical machine connected to an electrical source, such as one or more electric accumulators or batteries.
Cette combinaison permet d'optimiser les performances de ce véhicule, tant au niveau de la réduction des émissions de polluants dans l'atmosphère qu'au niveau de la diminution de la consommation en carburant.  This combination makes it possible to optimize the performance of this vehicle, both in terms of reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and at the level of the reduction in fuel consumption.
Ainsi, lorsque l'on souhaite déplacer le véhicule avec un couple important sur une grande plage de vitesses tout en limitant la génération de gaz d'échappement et de bruit, comme dans un site urbain, l'utilisation de la machine électrique est privilégiée pour entraîner en déplacement ce véhicule. Thus, when it is desired to move the vehicle with a large torque over a wide range of speeds while limiting the generation of exhaust gas and noise, as in an urban site, the use of the electric machine is preferred for drive this vehicle on the move.
Par contre, le moteur thermique est utilisé pour déplacer ce véhicule lors d'utilisations où une puissance d'entraînement élevée et une grande autonomie de fonctionnement sont demandées. Comme cela est déjà connu par la demande de brevet français N ° 2 955 165 du demandeur, le groupe motopropulseur de véhicule automobile comprend un moteur thermique avec un arbre relié à un dispositif de transmission à variation de vitesse comportant un train épicycloïdal de moteur avec un planétaire et une couronne reliés chacun à l'arbre du moteur thermique par un accouplement à commande contrôlée et à une partie fixe du groupe par un accouplement unidirectionnel et un porte-satellites transmettant la variation de vitesse à l'essieu moteur du véhicule par l'intermédiaire d'une voie de transmission comportant les éléments compris entre l'arbre du porte-satellites et l'essieu et qui permettent d'assurer la liaison cinématique entre cet arbre et cet essieu. On the other hand, the engine is used to move this vehicle for uses where high driving power and a long operating autonomy are required. As already known from the French patent application No. 2 955 165 of the applicant, the powertrain of a motor vehicle comprises a heat engine with a shaft connected to a speed variation transmission device comprising an epicyclic motor train with a planetary and a each connected to the shaft of the heat engine by a controlled-control coupling and a fixed part of the group by a unidirectional coupling and a planet carrier transmitting the speed variation to the driving axle of the vehicle via a transmission path comprising the elements between the planet carrier shaft and the axle and which ensure the kinematic connection between the shaft and the axle.
De façon à augmenter la capacité de variation de vitesse lors de l'entraînement du véhicule par la machine électrique, le demandeur a associé, au dispositif de variation de vitesse du document précité, un autre train épicycloïdal reliant le train épicycloïdal de moteur à une voie de transmission de mouvement à l'essieu moteur de ce véhicule, comme cela est décrit dans la demande de brevet français N ° 2 962 697 du demandeur.  In order to increase the speed variation capacity during driving of the vehicle by the electric machine, the applicant associated, with the speed variation device of the aforementioned document, another epicyclic gear train connecting the epicyclic engine train to a track. transmission of motion to the drive axle of this vehicle, as described in the French patent application No. 2 962 697 of the applicant.
Dans un souci constant d'amélioration, le demandeur a encore perfectionné le dispositif de transmission à vitesse variable de ce groupe motopropulseur en le simplifiant encore plus. In a constant effort to improve, the applicant has further improved the variable speed transmission device of this powertrain by simplifying it even more.
A cet effet, la présente invention concerne un groupe motopropulseur de véhicule automobile comportant un moteur thermique avec un arbre, un dispositif de variation de vitesse comprenant un train épicycloïdal de moteur avec un planétaire et une couronne reliés chacun à l'arbre du moteur thermique par un accouplement à commande contrôlée et à une partie fixe du véhicule par un accouplement automatique unidirectionnel, et un essieu moteur, caractérisé en ce que les accouplements à commande contrôlée comprennent des synchroniseurs contrôlés par des moyens de commande. For this purpose, the present invention relates to a power unit of a motor vehicle comprising a heat engine with a shaft, a speed variation device comprising an epicyclic motor train with a sun gear and a ring each connected to the shaft of the engine by a control-controlled coupling and a fixed part of the vehicle by a unidirectional automatic coupling, and a driving axle, characterized in that the controlled-control couplings comprise synchronizers controlled by control means.
Les moyens de commande peuvent comprendre une commande unique reliant en translation les deux synchroniseurs. La commande unique peut comprendre une barre de liaison agissant sur les organes de contrôle des deux synchroniseurs. The control means may comprise a single command connecting in translation the two synchronizers. The single command may include a link bar acting on the control members of the two synchronizers.
L'un des synchroniseurs peut être un synchroniseur à double effet. Le synchroniseur à double effet peut comprendre un moyeu de solidarisation, un baladeur avec deux portées dentées et deux bagues de synchronisation. One of the synchronizers can be a double-effect synchronizer. The double-acting synchronizer may comprise a connection hub, a walkman with two toothed seats and two synchronization rings.
L'arbre peut porter une surface conique de friction et une portée cylindrique dentée apte à coopérer avec le synchroniseur à double effet. The shaft may carry a conical friction surface and a toothed cylindrical bearing adapted to cooperate with the double-acting synchronizer.
L'invention s'applique également à un groupe motopropulseur pour un véhicule de type hybride comprenant en outre une machine motrice/réceptrice, ledit groupe pouvant comprendre un autre train épicycloïdal reliant le train épicycloïdal de moteur à l'essieu moteur. The invention also applies to a powertrain for a hybrid type vehicle further comprising a driving / receiving machine, said group may include another epicyclic train connecting the epicyclic motor train to the driving axle.
De manière préférentielle, la machine motrice/réceptrice peut être reliée par son rotor à l'essieu. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé d'obtention de rapports de vitesse utilisant un dispositif de transmission du groupe motopropulseur dans lequel il peut consister à déplacer simultanément les synchroniseurs pour obtenir différents rapports de vitesse selon une séquence de rapport. Le procédé peut consister à réaliser un rapport de vitesse nul en désolidarisant l'arbre du train épicycloïdal de moteur. Preferably, the driving / receiving machine can be connected by its rotor to the axle. The invention also relates to a method of obtaining gear ratios using a powertrain transmission device in which it can consist of simultaneously moving the synchronizers to obtain different gear ratios in a ratio sequence. The method may consist in producing a zero speed ratio by disconnecting the shaft of the epicyclic motor train.
Le procédé peut consister à réaliser un rapport de vitesse nul par l'intermédiaire du synchroniseur à double effet. The method can consist in producing a zero speed ratio via the double-acting synchronizer.
Les autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention vont apparaître maintenant à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre uniquement illustratif et non limitatif, et à laquelle sont annexées : The other features and advantages of the invention will now appear on reading the following description, given solely by way of illustration and not limitation, and to which are appended:
- la figure 1 qui est un schéma montrant un groupe motopropulseur selon l'invention appliqué à un véhicule hybride,  FIG. 1, which is a diagram showing a powertrain according to the invention applied to a hybrid vehicle,
- la figure 2 qui illustre schématiquement une variante du groupe motopropulseur de la figure 1 ,  FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a variant of the powertrain of FIG. 1,
- les figures 3 et 4 qui montrent différents états de la variante de la figure 2, - la figure 5 qui est une autre variante du groupe motopropulseur de la figureFIGS. 3 and 4 show different states of the variant of FIG. 2, - Figure 5 which is another variant of the powertrain of the figure
1 , et 1, and
- les figures 6 à 8 qui montrent différents états de la variante de la figure 5.  - Figures 6 to 8 which show different states of the variant of Figure 5.
Sur la figure 1 , le groupe motopropulseur comprend un moteur thermique 10, notamment un moteur à combustion interne, avec un arbre de moteur 12, ici issu du vilebrequin de ce moteur, un dispositif de transmission à variation de vitesse 14 et un essieu moteur 16 qui permet d'entraîner les roues motrices 18 du véhicule, avantageusement par l'intermédiaire d'un pont différentiel 20. In FIG. 1, the powertrain comprises a heat engine 10, in particular an internal combustion engine, with a motor shaft 12, here coming from the crankshaft of this engine, a variable speed transmission device 14 and a driving axle 16 which makes it possible to drive the drive wheels 18 of the vehicle, advantageously via a differential bridge 20.
L'arbre de moteur 12 a également une fonction d'arbre récepteur mais pour des raisons de simplification de la description, cet arbre sera dénommé arbre moteur de manière à pouvoir le distinguer des autres arbres du dispositif de transmission.  The motor shaft 12 also has a receiving shaft function but for reasons of simplification of description, this shaft will be called motor shaft so as to distinguish it from other shafts of the transmission device.
Dans le cadre de l'utilisation de ce groupe motopropulseur pour un véhicule hybride, une machine motrice/réceptrice 22 est associée à ce groupe. In the context of the use of this powertrain for a hybrid vehicle, a driving / receiving machine 22 is associated with this group.
Dans l'exemple qui va suivre, cette machine motrice/réceptrice est une machine électrique qui est utilisée en tant que moteur électrique pour entraîner les roues du véhicule ou en tant que machine réceptrice pour générer une source de courant servant notamment à recharger les batteries.  In the following example, this driving / receiving machine is an electric machine that is used as an electric motor for driving the wheels of the vehicle or as a receiving machine to generate a power source used in particular to recharge the batteries.
Bien entendu, tout autre type de machine motrice/réceptrice peut être utilisée, comme une machine hydraulique ou pneumatique. Of course, any other type of driving / receiving machine can be used, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic machine.
Le dispositif de transmission à variation de vitesse 14 comprend un train épicycloïdal 24, dénommé train épicycloïdal de moteur dans la suite de la description, avec deux accouplements à commande contrôlée 26, 28 et deux accouplements automatiques unidirectionnels, ici des roues libres 30, 32. The speed variation transmission device 14 comprises an epicyclic gear train 24, referred to as an epicyclic motor gear train in the following description, with two controlled-control couplings 26, 28 and two unidirectional automatic couplings, here freewheels 30, 32.
Le train épicycloïdal de moteur 24 comprend un planétaire 34 avec un bandeau 36 denté extérieurement et porté par un flasque 38. Ce flasque est monté fixement sur un arbre creux 40, dit arbre de planétaire, venant entourer l'arbre moteur 12 en étant libre en rotation mais fixe en translation par rapport à cet arbre moteur. Au voisinage de son extrémité libre 42, cet arbre prend appui dans un palier 44 porté par une partie fixe 46 du groupe motopropulseur au travers de la roue libre 30, baptisée roue libre planétaire. The epicyclic motor train 24 comprises a sun gear 34 with a strip 36 toothed externally and carried by a flange 38. This flange is fixedly mounted on a hollow shaft 40, said sun gear shaft, surrounding the drive shaft 12 being free in rotation but fixed in translation relative to this drive shaft. In the vicinity of its free end 42, this shaft is supported in a bearing 44 carried by a fixed portion 46 of the powertrain through the freewheel 30, called planetary freewheel.
Ce train comprend également une couronne 48 avec un anneau 50 denté intérieurement, placé concentriquement au planétaire, et un voile 52 relié à un arbre creux 54, dit arbre de couronne, venant entourer l'arbre moteur 12 en étant libre en rotation mais fixe en translation par rapport à cet arbre moteur. Cette couronne est reliée par l'intermédiaire de son arbre 54 à la partie fixe 46 du groupe motopropulseur par la roue libre 32, baptisée roue libre de couronne, placée à distance de son extrémité libre 56.  This train also comprises a ring 48 with an internally toothed ring 50, placed concentrically with the sun gear, and a sail 52 connected to a hollow shaft 54, said crown shaft, surrounding the drive shaft 12 while being free to rotate but fixed in translation with respect to this motor shaft. This ring is connected via its shaft 54 to the fixed part 46 of the power unit by the freewheel 32, called crown freewheel, placed at a distance from its free end 56.
Bien entendu, les deux roues libres 30 et 32 sont placées de manière telle que la couronne 48 et le planétaire 34 ne puissent tourner que dans le même sens et préférentiellement dans le même sens que l'arbre moteur 12. Of course, the two freewheels 30 and 32 are placed in such a way that the ring gear 48 and the sun gear 34 can rotate only in the same direction and preferably in the same direction as the drive shaft 12.
Enfin, ce train épicycloïdal de moteur comprend un porte-satellites 58 avec avantageusement trois satellites 60, en forme de roue à denture extérieure, placés dans un même intervalle angulaire l'un par rapport à l'autre (ici à 120°) et engrenant avec la couronne et le planétaire. Finally, this epicyclic motor train comprises a planet carrier 58 with advantageously three satellites 60, in the form of an externally toothed wheel, placed in the same angular interval relative to each other (here at 120 °) and meshing with the crown and the sun gear.
Pour cela, l'anneau 50 de la couronne, le bandeau 36 du planétaire et les satellites 60 sont situés dans un même plan, ici dans un plan vertical en considérant la figure 1 .  For this, the ring 50 of the crown, the strip 36 of the sun gear and the satellites 60 are located in the same plane, here in a vertical plane by considering FIG.
Ces satellites sont portés chacun par un axe horizontal 62 en étant libres en rotation mais fixes en translation sur celui-ci. Ces axes de satellites sont portés par une paroi verticale 64 reliée à un palier tubulaire 66, dit palier de porte- satellites, qui vient entourer l'arbre de planétaire 40 en étant libre en rotation sur celui-ci. Les extrémités libres des arbres creux du planétaire et de la couronne sont reliées chacune à l'arbre moteur par un accouplement sous la forme d'un synchroniseur 68 et 70.  These satellites are each carried by a horizontal axis 62 being free in rotation but fixed in translation thereon. These satellite axes are carried by a vertical wall 64 connected to a tubular bearing 66, said bearing planet carrier, which surrounds the sun shaft 40 being free to rotate thereon. The free ends of the hollow shafts of the sun gear and the ring gear are each connected to the drive shaft by a coupling in the form of a synchronizer 68 and 70.
Pour cela chaque extrémité des arbres creux porte une surface conique de friction 72, 74 et un portée cylindrique dentée 76, 78. Comme cela est bien connu, les synchroniseurs 68, 70 comprennent chacun un moyeu de solidarisation 80, 82, denté extérieurement et intérieurement, qui porte un baladeur 84, 86 avec une denture intérieure 85, 87 et une bague conique de synchronisation 88, 90, de préférence à friction. For this purpose, each end of the hollow shafts bears a conical friction surface 72, 74 and a toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76, 78. As is well known, the synchronizers 68, 70 each comprise a connection hub 80, 82, toothed externally and internally, which carries a sliding device 84, 86 with an internal toothing 85, 87 and a conical timing ring 88, 90, preferably friction.
Le moyeu de solidarisation 80, 82 est lié fixement en rotation et en translation avec l'arbre 12 par sa denture alors que la bague de synchronisation est portée de manière concentrique par ce moyeu en étant libre en translation mais fixe en rotation avec l'arbre 12. Le baladeur 84, 86 est lié en rotation avec le moyeu par la coopération de sa denture intérieure 85, 87 avec la denture extérieure du moyeu tout en pouvant coulisser sur ce moyeu.  The fastening hub 80, 82 is fixedly fixed in rotation and in translation with the shaft 12 by its toothing while the synchronization ring is concentrically carried by the hub being free in translation but fixed in rotation with the shaft 12. The player 84, 86 is connected in rotation with the hub by the cooperation of its internal teeth 85, 87 with the outer teeth of the hub while being able to slide on this hub.
Ainsi pour relier l'une ou l'autre ou les deux extrémités des arbres creux à l'arbre 12, il est nécessaire dans un premier temps de synchroniser la vitesse de l'arbre avec celle de l'extrémité. Thus to connect one or the other or both ends of the hollow shafts to the shaft 12, it is necessary in a first step to synchronize the speed of the shaft with that of the end.
Pour cela, le baladeur est entraîné en déplacement axial vers l'extrémité considérée par tous moyens connus, comme par un organe de contrôle sous la forme d'une fourchette 92, 94 actionnée par un levier 96, 98 qui agit sur le baladeur 84, 86. Ce déplacement a pour effet d'amener la bague conique de friction 88, 90 en coopération avec la surface conique de friction 72, 74 portée par l'extrémité de l'arbre creux, ce qui permet de synchroniser alors la vitesse de l'arbre creux par rapport à celle du moyeu.  For this, the player is driven in axial displacement towards the end considered by any known means, such as by a control member in the form of a fork 92, 94 actuated by a lever 96, 98 which acts on the player 84, 86. This displacement has the effect of bringing the conical friction ring 88, 90 in cooperation with the conical friction surface 72, 74 carried by the end of the hollow shaft, which then makes it possible to synchronize the speed of the hollow shaft relative to that of the hub.
Dés que la vitesse de l'arbre creux 40, 54 atteint celle du moyeu, et par conséquent celle de l'arbre moteur, le déplacement axial du baladeur est poursuivi de manière à ce que sa denture intérieure 85, 87 vienne coopérer avec la portée cylindrique dentée 76, 78 de l'extrémité de l'arbre creux. Une fois cette coopération réalisée, ceci permet d'assurer une liaison à rotation sans possibilité de glissement entre les arbres creux et l'arbre moteur.  As soon as the speed of the hollow shaft 40, 54 reaches that of the hub, and consequently that of the motor shaft, the axial displacement of the sliding device is continued so that its internal toothing 85, 87 comes to cooperate with the range. cylindrical toothed 76, 78 of the end of the hollow shaft. Once this cooperation is achieved, this ensures a rotational connection without the possibility of sliding between the hollow shafts and the motor shaft.
L'utilisation d'un synchroniseur en lieu et place d'un embrayage à friction offre de nombreux avantages. Using a synchronizer instead of a friction clutch has many advantages.
Notamment, le synchroniseur permet d'avoir un encombrement plus faible, d'être d'une implantation plus facile tout en permettant d'obtenir des gains en consommation et en accélération non négligeable. De plus, son coût est plus bas que celui d'un embrayage et offre une traînée plus faible. In particular, the synchronizer makes it possible to have a smaller footprint, to be easier to implement while at the same time making it possible to obtain savings in consumption and significant acceleration. In addition, its cost is lower than that of a clutch and offers a lower drag.
Comme mieux visible sur la figure 1 , le dispositif de transmission comprend un autre train épicycloïdal additionnel 100, dénommé dans la suite de la description train épicycloïdal de machine, placé sur un arbre 102 sensiblement parallèle à l'arbre moteur 12 et supporté par des paliers issus 104 de la partie fixe 46 du groupe moto propulseur. Pour assurer la liaison à rotation entre les deux trains, deux bandeaux de liaison dentés 106, 108 sont amenés à coopérer. As best seen in FIG. 1, the transmission device comprises another additional epicyclic gear train 100, hereinafter referred to as the epicyclic machine train, placed on a shaft 102 that is substantially parallel to the drive shaft 12 and supported by bearings. from 104 of the fixed part 46 of the powertrain. To ensure the rotational connection between the two trains, two toothed connecting strips 106, 108 are made to cooperate.
L'un 106 des bandeaux de liaison est porté par le porte-satellites 58 du train épicycloïdal de moteur 24 et coopère à engrènement avec l'autre 108 des bandeaux qui est porté par la couronne 1 10 du train épicycloïdal de machine 100.  One 106 of the connecting strips is carried by the planet carrier 58 of the epicyclic motor gear train 24 and cooperates meshing with the other 108 of the strips which is carried by the ring gear 1 10 of the planetary gear train 100.
Cette couronne comprend également un bandeau d'entraînement 1 12 denté intérieurement porté par un flasque 1 14 fixé sur un palier tubulaire 1 16 entourant l'arbre 102.  This ring also comprises an internally toothed drive lug 1 12 carried by a flange 1 14 fixed to a tubular bearing 1 16 surrounding the shaft 102.
Ce bandeau d'entraînement coopère avec un porte-satellites 1 18 comprenant avantageusement trois satellites 120, en forme de roue à denture extérieure, portés par des axes de satellites 122 et placés dans un même intervalle angulaire l'un par rapport à l'autre (ici à 120°) et engrenant avec la denture du bandeau d'entraînement 1 12 de la couronne 1 10. Les axes de satellites 122 sont portés par un voile 124 fixé sur un palier tubulaire 126 entourant l'arbre 102.  This driving strip cooperates with a planet carrier 1 18 advantageously comprising three satellites 120, in the form of a gear with external toothing, carried by satellite axes 122 and placed in the same angular interval relative to each other (here at 120 °) and meshing with the toothing of the driving strip 1 12 of the crown 1 10. The planet axes 122 are carried by a web 124 fixed on a tubular bearing 126 surrounding the shaft 102.
Ces satellites coopèrent également à engrènement avec un planétaire 128, lié en rotation avec l'arbre 102, qui comprend un bandeau 130 denté extérieurement et porté par un flasque 132.  These satellites also cooperate in meshing with a sun gear 128, linked in rotation with the shaft 102, which comprises a strip 130 toothed externally and carried by a flange 132.
Bien entendu, comme pour le train épicycloïdal de moteur thermique 24, le bandeau 1 12 de la couronne 1 10, le bandeau dentée 130 du planétaire et les satellites 120 sont situés dans un même plan, ici dans un plan vertical en considérant la figure 1 . Le flasque 124 du porte-satellites comprend également un bandeau dentée extérieurement 138 qui coopère avec une autre roue dentée 140 liée à l'essieu moteur 16 en formant ainsi une voie de transmission de mouvement entre le train épicycloïdal de machine 100 et l'essieu 16. Of course, as for the epicyclic engine train 24, the strip 1 12 of the ring 1 10, the gear ring 130 of the sun gear and the satellites 120 are located in the same plane, here in a vertical plane by considering Figure 1 . The flange 124 of the planet carrier also comprises an externally toothed strip 138 which cooperates with another toothed wheel 140 connected to the drive axle 16 thus forming a motion transmission path between the machine epicyclic gear train 100 and the axle 16. .
L'arbre 102 porte fixement une autre roue dentée 142 qui coopère avec le rotor 144 de la machine électrique 22, ici par l'intermédiaire d'une courroie crantée ou d'une chaîne. Le train épicycloïdal de machine 100 porte également un accouplement à commande contrôlée 146 permettant de relier sa couronne 1 10, soit à la roue dentée fixe 142, soit à la partie fixe 46 du groupe motopropulseur. The shaft 102 fixedly bears another gear 142 which cooperates with the rotor 144 of the electric machine 22, here via a toothed belt or a chain. The machine epicyclic gear train 100 also carries a controlled-control coupling 146 making it possible to connect its ring gear 1 10 to either the stationary gear 142 or to the fixed part 46 of the powertrain.
De manière avantageuse, cet accouplement comprend un synchroniseur 148, dit synchroniseur de machine, avec deux positions d'accouplement et une position neutre. Ce synchroniseur est porté fixement en rotation par le palier tubulaire 1 16 de la couronne 1 10 et est prévu pour coopérer, sous l'effet d'un moyen de commande 150, soit à la roue dentée fixe 142, soit à la partie fixe 46 du groupe motopropulseur. Les différentes configurations de l'ensemble du groupe motopropulseur vont être maintenant décrites à titre d'exemple en fonction du mode de traction/propulsion utilisé.  Advantageously, this coupling comprises a synchronizer 148, said machine synchronizer, with two coupling positions and a neutral position. This synchronizer is rotatably supported by the tubular bearing 1 16 of the ring 1 10 and is provided to cooperate, under the effect of a control means 150, either to the fixed gear 142 or to the fixed part 46 powertrain. The various configurations of the entire powertrain will now be described by way of example depending on the traction / propulsion mode used.
Pour la traction/propulsion du véhicule par le moteur thermique 10, le synchroniseur de machine 148 est inactif (position neutre) ou en position couplée avec le pignon 142 et les synchroniseurs 68, 70 sont soit l'un ou l'autre en position active, soit tous deux en position active. For the traction / propulsion of the vehicle by the heat engine 10, the machine synchronizer 148 is inactive (neutral position) or in the coupled position with the pinion 142 and the synchronizers 68, 70 are either one in the active position , both in active position.
Pour la position active du synchroniseur 68 et la position inactive du synchroniseur 70 (rapport de vitesse 1 ), la rotation de l'arbre 12 du moteur thermique 10 entraîne en rotation le planétaire 34. La rotation du planétaire entraîne à son tour en rotation les satellites 60 puis le porte-satellites 58. For the active position of the synchronizer 68 and the inactive position of the synchronizer 70 (speed ratio 1), the rotation of the shaft 12 of the heat engine 10 rotates the sun gear 34. The rotation of the sun gear in turn causes the sun to rotate. satellites 60 and then the planet carrier 58.
Cette rotation du porte-satellites est ensuite transmise au travers des bandeaux de liaison 106, 108 à la couronne 1 10 du train épicycloïdal de machine qui transmet le mouvement de rotation à son porte-satellites 1 18 et à l'essieu au travers de la voie de transmission de mouvement entre ce train et l'essieu 16. This rotation of the planet carrier is then transmitted through the connecting strips 106, 108 to the ring 1 10 of the epicyclic machine train which transmits the rotational movement to its planet carrier 1 18 and the axle through the path of motion transmission between this train and the axle 16.
A l'inverse, pour la position active du synchroniseur 70 et la position inactive du synchroniseur 68 (rapport de vitesse 2), la rotation de l'arbre 12 du moteur thermique 10 entraîne en rotation la couronne 48 qui entraîne en rotation les satellites 60 puis le porte-satellites 58. Conversely, for the active position of the synchronizer 70 and the inactive position of the synchronizer 68 (speed ratio 2), the rotation of the shaft 12 of the heat engine 10 rotates the ring 48 which rotates the satellites 60 then the planet carrier 58.
Cette rotation du porte-satellites est ensuite transmise au travers des bandeaux de liaison 106, 108 à la couronne 1 10 du train épicycloïdal de machine qui transmet le mouvement de rotation à son porte-satellites 1 18 et à l'essieu au travers de la voie de transmission de mouvement entre ce train et l'essieu 16.  This rotation of the planet carrier is then transmitted through the connecting strips 106, 108 to the ring 1 10 of the epicyclic machine train which transmits the rotational movement to its planet carrier 1 18 and to the axle through the motion transmission path between this train and the axle 16.
Dans la configuration où les synchroniseurs 68 et 70 sont tous deux en position active (rapport de vitesse 3), la rotation de l'arbre 12 du moteur thermique 10 entraîne en rotation la couronne 48 ainsi que le planétaire 34 et en conséquence le porte-satellites 58. Cette rotation du porte-satellites est ensuite transmise au travers des bandeaux de liaison 106, 108 à la couronne 1 10 du train épicycloïdal de machine qui transmet le mouvement de rotation à son porte- satellites 1 18 et à l'essieu au travers de la voie de transmission de mouvement entre ce train et l'essieu 16. In the configuration where the synchronizers 68 and 70 are both in the active position (gear ratio 3), the rotation of the shaft 12 of the heat engine 10 rotates the ring 48 and the sun gear 34 and consequently the carrier. satellites 58. This rotation of the planet carrier is then transmitted through the connecting strips 106, 108 to the ring 1 10 of the epicyclic machine train which transmits the rotational movement to its planet carrier 1 18 and to the axle at through the motion transmission path between this train and the axle 16.
De manière a encore plus simplifié le groupe motopropulseur, il est prévu d'utiliser un seul moyen de commande pour contrôler les deux synchroniseurs 68, 70, comme cela est illustré sur les figure 2 à 4. In order to further simplify the power train, it is intended to use a single control means for controlling the two synchronizers 68, 70, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4.
Ce moyen de commande unique 152 relie de manière fixe les deux baladeurs 84, 86 des deux synchroniseurs 68, 70 de façon à ce que ces deux baladeurs se déplacent en même temps dans la même direction et avec une même course. This single control means 152 fixedly connects the two players 84, 86 of the two synchronizers 68, 70 so that these two players move at the same time in the same direction and with the same stroke.
A titre d'exemple, ce moyen de commande peut être une pièce de liaison 154 entre les organes de contrôle 92, 94.  By way of example, this control means may be a connecting piece 154 between the control members 92, 94.
Ainsi pour le rapport 1 , comme illustré sur la figure 2, le synchroniseur 68 permet d'assurer la liaison en rotation de l'arbre moteur 12 avec le planétaire 34. La couronne 48 est alors libre en rotation sur cet arbre moteur compte tenu de l'inaction du synchroniseur 70. Thus for the ratio 1, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the synchronizer 68 makes it possible to ensure the rotational connection of the drive shaft 12 with the sun gear 34. The ring 48 is then free to rotate on this motor shaft taking into account the inaction of the synchronizer 70.
Pour le rapport 3 (figure 3), la pièce de liaison 1 54 actionne simultanément en déplacement axial les deux synchroniseurs 68, 70 au travers des organes de contrôle 92, 94, dans un mouvement allant de la droite vers la gauche en considérant cette figure. Ce mouvement se poursuit jusqu'à ce que le synchroniseur 70 assure la liaison en rotation de l'arbre moteur 12 avec la couronne 48. Pour ce rapport de vitesse, la liaison en rotation de l'arbre moteur 12 avec le planétaire 34 par le synchroniseur 68 reste active. Dans cette configuration, l'arbre moteur 12 est ainsi relié à la fois au planétaire et à la couronne. For the ratio 3 (FIG. 3), the connecting piece 1 54 simultaneously actuates, in axial displacement, the two synchronizers 68, 70 through the control members 92, 94, in a movement going from the right to the left, considering this FIG. . This movement continues until the synchronizer 70 rotates the drive shaft 12 with the ring gear 48. For this gear ratio, the rotational connection of the drive shaft 12 with the sun gear 34 by the synchronizer 68 remains active. In this configuration, the motor shaft 12 is thus connected to both the sun gear and the crown.
En continuant le mouvement de la pièce de liaison dans le même sens, la configuration obtenue est celle du rapport 2, comme montré à la figure 4. Dans cette configuration, le synchroniseur 68 désolidarise l'arbre 12 du planétaire 34 alors que le synchroniseur 70 est toujours actif pour relier l'arbre 12 avec la couronne 48. Bien entendu, pour ces trois rapports de vitesse, la rotation du planétaire et/ou de la couronne est retransmise au porte-satellites 58. Ce porte-satellites transmet alors ces différentes vitesses de rotation à l'essieu 16 par le train épicycloïdal de machine 100 et la roue dentée 140 qui coopère avec le bandeau 138. By continuing the movement of the connecting piece in the same direction, the configuration obtained is that of the ratio 2, as shown in Figure 4. In this configuration, the synchronizer 68 disengages the shaft 12 from the sun gear 34 while the synchronizer 70 is still active to connect the shaft 12 with the crown 48. Of course, for these three speed reports, the rotation of the sun gear and / or the crown is transmitted to the planet carrier 58. This planet carrier then transmits these different speeds of rotation to the axle 16 by the machine epicyclic gear train 100 and the gear wheel 140 which cooperates with the headband 138.
Comme cela vient d'être décrit, le déplacement des deux synchroniseurs dans le sens allant de la droite vers la gauche permet d'obtenir une séquence de passage de rapport de vitesse qui est de rapport 1 vers rapport 3 et enfin vers rapport 2.  As has just been described, the displacement of the two synchronizers in the direction from right to left makes it possible to obtain a speed ratio shifting sequence which is of ratio 1 to ratio 3 and finally to ratio 2.
A partir de la configuration selon le rapport de vitesse 2, l'inversion du sens de déplacement des deux synchroniseurs dans un sens allant de la gauche vers la droite permet d'obtenir une séquence inverse de passage de rapport de vitesse qui est de rapport 2 vers rapport 3 et enfin vers rapport 1 . Ainsi, l'utilisation de synchroniseurs en lieu et place d'embrayages permet de pouvoir commander les accouplements entre l'arbre moteur et le planétaire et/ou la couronne de manière simple, sûre et peu coûteuse. Dans un souci d'améliorer encore plus le dispositif de transmission à variation de vitesse décrit ci-dessus, il est prévu d'y adjoindre un rapport de vitesse nul ou point mort, comme illustré sur les figures 5 à 8. From the configuration according to the speed ratio 2, the reversal of the direction of movement of the two synchronizers in a direction going from left to right makes it possible to obtain a reverse sequence of gear ratio which is of ratio 2 to report 3 and finally to report 1. Thus, the use of synchronizers instead of clutches makes it possible to control the couplings between the motor shaft and the sun gear and / or the crown in a simple, safe and inexpensive way. In order to further improve the speed variation transmission device described above, it is expected to add a zero speed ratio or dead point, as shown in Figures 5 to 8.
Comme mieux visible sur la figure 5, tout en conservant le synchroniseur 70, un synchroniseur à double effet 156 est logé sur l'arbre 12 entre le train épicycloïdal de moteur 24 et le moteur 10 en lieu et place du synchroniseur 68. As best seen in Figure 5, while maintaining the synchronizer 70, a double-acting synchronizer 156 is housed on the shaft 12 between the epicyclic motor train 24 and the motor 10 instead of the synchronizer 68.
Ce synchroniseur à double effet comporte un moyeu de solidarisation 158 denté extérieurement tout en étant fixe en translation et libre en rotation sur l'arbre 12, un baladeur 160 porté par le moyeu et muni de deux portées dentées intérieurement 162, 164 symétriques axialement par rapport à l'axe médian vertical du baladeur et deux bagues coniques de synchronisation 166, 168 disposées de part et d'autre du moyeu tout en étant coaxiale l'une avec l'autre. This double-acting synchronizer comprises a fastening hub 158 toothed externally while being fixed in translation and free to rotate on the shaft 12, a sliding member 160 carried by the hub and provided with two internally toothed bearing surfaces 162, 164 symmetrical axially with respect to the vertical center axis of the player and two conical timing rings 166, 168 disposed on either side of the hub while being coaxial with each other.
Ce synchroniseur 156 est adapté à coopérer avec l'extrémité de l'arbre creux de planétaire 40 qui porte la surface conique de friction 72 et la portée cylindrique dentée 76. Ce synchroniseur est alternativement adapté également à coopérer avec une surface conique de friction 170 et une portée cylindrique dentée 172 porté par un voile 174 fixé sur l'arbre 12. Bien entendu, comme précédemment décrit, un moyen de commande unique This synchronizer 156 is adapted to cooperate with the end of the hollow sun shaft 40 which carries the conical friction surface 72 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76. This synchronizer is alternatively also adapted to cooperate with a conical friction surface 170 and a cylindrical toothed bearing 172 carried by a web 174 fixed on the shaft 12. Of course, as previously described, a single control means
152 relie de manière fixe les organes de contrôle 92, 94 des deux baladeurs 86, 160 des deux synchroniseurs 70 et 156 de façon à ce que ces deux baladeurs se déplacent en même temps dans la même direction et avec une même course. Ainsi dans la configuration de la figure 5, qui correspond au point mort, l'arbre moteur 12 n'est accouplé ni avec l'arbre creux de planétaire 40 ni avec l'arbre creux de couronne 54. Ceci a pour effet de laisser cet arbre tourné librement. Pour ce faire, le synchroniseur 70 n'est pas actif pour réaliser l'accouplement entre l'arbre moteur 12 et l'arbre creux de couronne 54, la bague conique 168 et la portée dentée 164 du baladeur 160 sont en liaison avec la surface conique de friction 72 et la portée cylindrique dentée 76 de l'arbre de planétaire, et la bague conique 166 et la portée dentée 162 du baladeur 160 ne sont pas en liaison avec la surface conique de friction 170 et la portée cylindrique dentée 172 portées par l'arbre moteur. 152 fixedly connects the control members 92, 94 of the two players 86, 160 of the two synchronizers 70 and 156 so that these two players walk at the same time in the same direction and with the same stroke. Thus in the configuration of FIG. 5, which corresponds to the neutral position, the drive shaft 12 is coupled neither with the hollow sun shaft 40 nor with the hollow crown shaft 54. This has the effect of leaving this tree turned freely. To do this, the synchronizer 70 is not active to achieve the coupling between the drive shaft 12 and the hollow ring shaft 54, the conical ring 168 and the toothed bearing surface 164 of the player 160 are in connection with the surface the conical friction ring 72 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76 of the sun gear shaft, and the conical ring 166 and the toothed bearing surface 162 of the sliding gear 160 are not connected with the conical friction surface 170 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 172 carried by the motor shaft.
De ce fait la rotation de l'arbre 12 n'est pas transmise au baladeur 160 et cet arbre peut tourner librement.  As a result, the rotation of the shaft 12 is not transmitted to the player 160 and this shaft can rotate freely.
Pour obtenir le rapport 1 , comme illustré sure la figure 6, le moyen de commande unique 152 commande le déplacement simultané des deux baladeurs 86, 160 dans un sens allant de la droite vers la gauche pour arriver à une position où l'arbre moteur 12 entraîne en rotation l'arbre creux de planétaire 40 sans entraîner l'arbre creux de couronne 54. Pour cette positon, la bague conique 168 et la portée dentée 164 du baladeur 160 restent en liaison avec la surface conique de friction 72 et la portée cylindrique dentée 76 de l'arbre de planétaire 40 et la bague conique 166 et la portée dentée 162 du baladeur 160 sont liées en rotation avec la surface conique de friction 170 et la portée cylindrique dentée 172 portées par le voile 174. To obtain the ratio 1, as shown in Figure 6, the single control means 152 controls the simultaneous movement of the two players 86, 160 in a direction from right to left to reach a position where the motor shaft 12 rotates the hollow sun shaft 40 without driving the crown hollow shaft 54. For this position, the conical ring 168 and the toothed bearing surface 164 of the sliding member 160 remain in connection with the conical friction surface 72 and the cylindrical bearing surface toothed 76 of the sun shaft 40 and the conical ring 166 and the toothed bearing surface 162 of the sliding device 160 are rotatably connected with the conical friction surface 170 and the toothed cylindrical surface 172 carried by the web 174.
Ainsi, la rotation de l'arbre 12 est transmise à l'arbre creux de planétaire 40 par le baladeur 160.  Thus, the rotation of the shaft 12 is transmitted to the hollow sun shaft 40 by the sliding device 160.
Pour le rapport 3 (voir figure 7), le moyen 152 commande le déplacement simultané des deux baladeurs 86, 160 dans un sens allant toujours de la droite vers la gauche pour arriver à une position où l'arbre moteur 12 entraîne en rotation à la fois l'arbre creux de planétaire 40 et l'arbre creux de couronne 54. For the ratio 3 (see FIG. 7), the means 152 controls the simultaneous movement of the two players 86, 160 in a direction always going from the right to the left to arrive at a position where the drive shaft 12 rotates at the same time. both the sun shaft 40 and the hollow shaft 54.
Pour cette positon, le baladeur 160 s'est déplacé mais la bague conique 168 et la portée dentée 164 du baladeur 160 restent en liaison avec la surface conique de friction 72 et la portée cylindrique dentée 76 de l'arbre de planétaire 40, et la bague conique 166 et la portée dentée 162 du baladeur 160 reste également en liaison avec la surface conique de friction 170 et la portée cylindrique dentée 172 porté par le voile 174. Durant ce déplacement, la bague conique 90 et la denture intérieure 87 du baladeur 86 viennent en contact avec la surface conique de friction 74 et la portée cylindrique dentée 78 de l'arbre de couronne 54. For this position, the player 160 has moved but the conical ring 168 and the toothed bearing surface 164 of the player 160 remain in connection with the conical friction surface 72 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76 of the sun gear shaft 40, and the conical ring 166 and toothed bearing 162 of the player 160 also remains in connection with the conical friction surface 170 and the toothed cylindrical bearing 172 carried by the web 174. During this movement, the conical ring 90 and the toothing 87 of the sliding device 86 come into contact with the conical friction surface 74 and the toothed cylindrical surface 78 of the crown shaft 54.
Pour obtenir le rapport de vitesse 2, comme illustré sur la figure 8, le moyen de commande 152 déplace simultanément les deux baladeurs 86, 160 dans le sens de la droite vers la gauche pour arriver à une position où l'arbre moteur 12 entraîne en rotation uniquement l'arbre creux de couronne 54. To obtain the speed ratio 2, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the control means 152 simultaneously moves the two rollers 86, 160 in the direction from right to left to arrive at a position where the driving shaft 12 rotation only the crown hollow shaft 54.
Pour réaliser cet entraînement, le baladeur 86 du synchroniseur 70 s'est déplacé mais la bague conique 90 et la portée dentée 87 reste en liaison avec la surface conique de friction 74 et la portée cylindrique dentée 78 de l'arbre de couronne 54 en assurant la liaison entre l'arbre 12 et l'arbre de couronne 54. Durant le déplacement du baladeur 160, la bague conique 166 et la portée dentée 162 du baladeur 160 restent en liaison en rotation avec la surface conique de friction 170 et la portée cylindrique dentée 172 portées par le voile 174 mais la bague conique 168 et la portée dentée 164 du baladeur 160 sont désolidarisées de la surface conique de friction 72 et de la portée cylindrique dentée 76 de l'arbre de planétaire 40.  To carry out this training, the player 86 of the synchronizer 70 has moved but the conical ring 90 and the toothed bearing surface 87 remains in connection with the conical friction surface 74 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 78 of the crown shaft 54, ensuring the connection between the shaft 12 and the crown shaft 54. During the movement of the sliding device 160, the conical ring 166 and the toothed bearing surface 162 of the sliding device 160 remain in rotational connection with the conical friction surface 170 and the cylindrical seat toothed 172 carried by the web 174 but the conical ring 168 and the toothed bearing surface 164 of the sliding device 160 are disengaged from the conical friction surface 72 and the toothed cylindrical bearing surface 76 of the sun gear shaft 40.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 ) Groupe motopropulseur de véhicule automobile comportant un moteur thermique (10) avec un arbre (12), un dispositif de variation de vitesse (14) comprenant un train épicycloïdal de moteur (24) avec un planétaire (34) et une couronne (48) reliés chacun à l'arbre (12) du moteur thermique (10) par un accouplement à commande contrôlée (26, 28) et à une partie fixe (46) du véhicule par un accouplement automatique unidirectionnel (30, 32), et un essieu moteur (16), caractérisé en ce que les accouplements à commande contrôlée (26, 28) comprennent des synchroniseurs (68, 70, 156) contrôlés par des moyens de commande (96, 98, 152). Motor vehicle power train comprising a heat engine (10) with a shaft (12), a speed variation device (14) comprising an epicyclic motor train (24) with a sun gear (34) and a ring gear (48). ) each connected to the shaft (12) of the engine (10) by a controlled-control coupling (26, 28) and a fixed part (46) of the vehicle by a one-way automatic coupling (30, 32), and a driving axle (16), characterized in that the controllably controlled couplings (26, 28) comprise synchronizers (68, 70, 156) controlled by control means (96, 98, 152).
2) Groupe motopropulseur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ce que les moyens de commande comprennent une commande unique (154) reliant en translation les deux synchroniseurs (68, 70, 156). 2) Powertrain according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means comprise a single control (154) connecting in translation the two synchronizers (68, 70, 156).
3) Groupe motopropulseur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la commande unique comprend une barre de liaison (154) agissant sur les organes de contrôle des deux synchroniseurs (68, 70, 156). 3) Powertrain according to claim 2, characterized in that the single control comprises a connecting bar (154) acting on the control members of the two synchronizers (68, 70, 156).
4) Groupe motopropulseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'un des synchroniseurs est un synchroniseur à double effet (156). 4) Powertrain according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the synchronizers is a double-acting synchronizer (156).
5) Groupe motopropulseur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le synchroniseur à double effet (156) comprend un moyeu de solidarisation (158), un baladeur (160) avec deux portées dentées (162, 164) et deux bagues de synchronisation (166, 168). 5) A power train according to claim 4, characterized in that the double-acting synchronizer (156) comprises a securing hub (158), a player (160) with two toothed surfaces (162, 164) and two synchronizing rings ( 166, 168).
6) Groupe motopropulseur selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre (12) porte une surface conique de friction (170) et une portée cylindrique dentée (172) apte à coopérer avec le synchroniseur à double effet 7) Groupe motopropulseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour un véhicule de type hybride comprenant en outre une machine motrice/réceptrice (22), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un autre train épicycloïdal (100) reliant le train épicycloïdal de moteur (24) à l'essieu moteur (16). 6) Powertrain according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the shaft (12) carries a conical friction surface (170) and a toothed cylindrical surface (172) adapted to cooperate with the double-acting synchronizer 7) Powertrain according to one of the preceding claims for a hybrid type of vehicle further comprising a driving / receiving machine (22), characterized in that it comprises another epicyclic gear (100) connecting the epicyclic motor train ( 24) to the driving axle (16).
8) Groupe motopropulseur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la machine motrice/réceptrice (22) est reliée par son rotor (144) à l'essieu (16). 9) Procédé d'obtention de rapports de vitesse utilisant le dispositif de transmission du groupe motopropulseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à déplacer simultanément les synchroniseurs (68, 70, 156) pour obtenir différents rapports de vitesse selon une séquence de rapport. 8) Powertrain according to claim 7, characterized in that the driving / receiving machine (22) is connected by its rotor (144) to the axle (16). 9) Method for obtaining gear ratios using the transmission device of the powertrain according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in simultaneously moving the synchronizers (68, 70, 156) to obtain different ratios of speed in a report sequence.
10) Procédé d'obtention de rapports de vitesse selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à réaliser un rapport de vitesse nul en désolidarisant l'arbre (12) du train épicycloïdal de moteur (24). 1 1 ) Procédé d'obtention de rapports de vitesse selon la revendication 9 ou10) Method for obtaining gear ratios according to claim 9, characterized in that it consists in producing a zero speed ratio by disconnecting the shaft (12) of the epicyclic motor gear (24). 1 1) Method for obtaining gear ratios according to claim 9 or
10, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à réaliser un rapport de vitesse nul par l'intermédiaire du synchroniseur à double effet (156). 10, characterized in that it consists in producing a zero speed ratio via the double-acting synchronizer (156).
12) Véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un groupe motopropulseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8. 12) Motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a powertrain according to one of claims 1 to 8.
PCT/EP2014/073090 2013-11-15 2014-10-28 Motor vehicle propulsion unit and motor vehicle WO2015071088A1 (en)

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FR1361160A FR3013273B1 (en) 2013-11-15 2013-11-15 POWERTRAIN FOR DRIVING A MOTOR VEHICLE, ESPECIALLY FOR A HYBRID VEHICLE.

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Cited By (6)

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WO2016120066A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 IFP Energies Nouvelles Method for controlling a variable-speed transmission device with epicyclic gear trains of a power train, in particular for a hybrid vehicle
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