WO2015067322A1 - Convertisseur de tension modulaire et procédé pour atténuer les effets d'un défaut sur une ligne à courant continu (cc) - Google Patents

Convertisseur de tension modulaire et procédé pour atténuer les effets d'un défaut sur une ligne à courant continu (cc) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015067322A1
WO2015067322A1 PCT/EP2013/073470 EP2013073470W WO2015067322A1 WO 2015067322 A1 WO2015067322 A1 WO 2015067322A1 EP 2013073470 W EP2013073470 W EP 2013073470W WO 2015067322 A1 WO2015067322 A1 WO 2015067322A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
branch
converter
modular
module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/073470
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Luis GALVAN GARCIA-PEREZ
Pablo AREVALO AGUILAR
Juan Manuel Carrasco Solis
Eduardo Galvan Diez
Original Assignee
Green Power Technologies. S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Green Power Technologies. S.L. filed Critical Green Power Technologies. S.L.
Priority to PCT/EP2013/073470 priority Critical patent/WO2015067322A1/fr
Publication of WO2015067322A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015067322A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4833—Capacitor voltage balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a modular converter that comprises the necessary modules (sometimes called cells or submodules) to extinguish the current produced by a DC fault and to disconnect the converter from the defective DC line.
  • the present invention also relates to a method that performs the steps for mitigating the effects of said current with the proposed modular converter.
  • the modular multilevel converter was disclosed by A. Lesnicar and R. Marquardt in articles such as "An innovative Modular Multilevel Converter Topology Suitable for a Wide Power Range” and "A new modular voltage source inverter topology” in 2003.
  • This topology usually comprises a 3-phase AC connection and a 2- node DC connection with a branch between each combination of an AC phase and a DC node.
  • the original topology disclosed in said articles used a half-bridge circuit for each module in the branches, all of them orientated in the same direction.
  • Modules A universal concept for HVDC-Networks and extended DC-Bus-applications
  • Modules are unable of extinguishing branch overcurrent induced by a short circuit in the DC line.
  • the full bridge and the clamp-double- submodule Two of them allow the converter to have branch voltages which oppose the current in both directions.
  • the clamp-double-submodule is usually better suited since the full-bridge cell requires more controllable semiconductors while not adding any special advantage (this may depend on the application).
  • the adapting module comprises a controllable semiconductor (such as an IGBT, a MOSFET or a GTO) with the corresponding antiparallel diode and a passive circuit which further comprises at least one resistor and at least one capacitor.
  • a controllable semiconductor such as an IGBT, a MOSFET or a GTO
  • the passive circuit can be connected in series with the module terminals or bypassed.
  • the passive circuit topology is such that when the passive circuit is bypassed, the capacitor is discharged and its energy is ultimately consumed by the resistor.
  • the converter comprises at least one connection to a DC line with branches formed between nodes of the DC connection and other nodes of the converter.
  • Each of these branches comprises an inductance, a series circuit of regular modules, a regular module is generally a half-bridge module or a full-bridge module.
  • the branches also comprise at least one adapting module. If the regular modules have a fixed polarity, then the new adapting modules are connected so that the polarity of their output voltage is opposite to that of the regular modules.
  • the semiconductors of the adapting modules are commanded to bypass the passive circuits. This way, these adapting modules do not need to be considered during the control of the converter, since they are bypassed. Any energy in the adapting modules capacitors is consumed by the resistor without interfering with the branch currents.
  • the currents of the branches must be periodically measured.
  • the semiconductors of the adapting modules are commanded to connect the passive circuits to the branches.
  • the regular modules are configured to provide an output voltage which will not increase the branch current and, when possible, will oppose said current.
  • the branch current will flow through the resistors and capacitors producing a voltage which opposes the current and, consequently, lowers its value. Part of the energy the inductances store in form of current, will get stored into the proposed adapting modules capacitors, while the rest is dissipated through the resistors.
  • the converter can be disconnected from the defective DC line through a mechanical interrupter or a similar device. Afterwards, the adapting modules are commanded to bypass the passive circuits, allowing their capacitors to be discharged through their corresponding resistors and the remaining regular modules of the branch to regain the branch current control just like during normal operation.
  • the converter can act a STATCOM for an AC grid if it is connected to it. If the converter comprises connections to more than one DC lines, it is still possible to convert power to or from any of the nondefective DC lines after disconnecting from the defective one.
  • the voltage of the adapting modules opposes the current that flows in the direction that corresponds to a DC line fault.
  • a high current in the opposite direction can still be extinguished by regular modules as their capacitor voltage opposes to it.
  • An excessive current in this direction does not correspond to a DC line fault, so it is not expected to be difficult to extinguish.
  • the adapting module can be optimized for the process of current extinction since it does not play any part during normal operation.
  • the necessary circuit elements for the adapting module are similar to the ones of the regular module used for normal operation, it may use the same type of semiconductors or share the same heat sink as one of them.
  • One or more modules of this type may be added to each branch depending on the design.
  • the remaining modules can be optimized for normal operation since they are not required to be used during the current extinction. This provides more flexibility during the design of the converter.
  • a skilled person should understand that the addition of other elements in parallel with the modules passive circuit such as a varistor or a bypass mechanical contactor, which are commonly added as a protection devices, do not change the operating principle of the adapting module. However, these elements should only bypass the module when it malfunctions or to protect it from overvoltage.
  • each branch may comprise more than one of the proposed adapting modules.
  • the number of adapting modules can be chosen depending on factors such as the resistors resistance values, the maximum current a DC line fault can produce, the lines peak voltages and the semiconductors voltage limit.
  • a possible voltage control method would comprise the following steps for each proposed adapting module:
  • the voltage of other nodes in the converter can also be used for feed forward control structure.
  • the voltage reference for the adapting modules can be chosen so that the total voltage is greater than the maximum voltage the DC-fault may produce between the terminals of the branch. This control structure may be applied as soon as the fault is detected or after one or more modules capacitors have reached a particular voltage.
  • the PWM (pulse-width-modulation) technic can be used to impose a particular output voltage for the group of adapting modules of each branch while still maintaining balance among them.
  • a regulator is used which receives a characteristic voltage (such as the capacitor voltage or the whole circuit voltage) of each adapting module along with the total output voltage reference.
  • the regulator sorts the branch adapting modules in ascending or descending order of capacitor voltage and allocates the total output voltage reference among the ones which are most discharged.
  • each adapting module uses the PWM technic to produce the output voltage which the regulator chooses for it. It must be noted that due to the voltage that the current produces on the resistor of the passive circuit, the whole passive circuit voltage is different depending on whether the adapting module semiconductor is on or off. This must be taken into account when distributing the voltage modulation.
  • the possibility of modulating the voltage imposed by the branch provides the capability to control the fault current or the power which is being fed to the defective grid. In particular it is possible to reduce this current or power slowly and linearly if desired.
  • the resulting cascade control scheme consists of two levels. The first level uses a regulator that receives the branch current or power and a reference for it, and returns the voltage that must be modulated by the branch. The second level allocates this voltage among the adapting modules as indicated in the previous paragraph. If the converter already comprises a regulator scheme to control its branch currents or the power transferred to the DC line, such regulator scheme can be used as the first level of the aforementioned cascade control scheme. During a DC fault, the output of this original current control scheme is provided to the cascade second level instead of being provided to the regular modules.
  • Figure 1 shows a one-arm converter. This arm joins the positive and negative terminal of a DC line (3 and 4) to an AC terminal through two branches. Multiphase converters may include several one-arm converters connected in parallel to the DC line positive and negative.
  • Figure 2 shows the topology of a regular half-bridge module.
  • Figure 3 shows a possible topology for the proposed adapting module.
  • Figure 4 shows how the proposed adapting module is connected to the half- bridge modules in a branch.
  • Figure 5 shows the topology of a typical full-bridge module.
  • Figure 6 shows a possible way to control the capacitor voltage of one of the proposed adapting modules. Each adapting module would be controlled independently.
  • Figure 1 shows a converter 1 with one arm. This arm is connected through two terminals 3 and 4 to a DC line and through another terminal 22 to an AC line.
  • a branch 21 is formed between the AC terminal and each of the DC terminals.
  • Each branch 21 includes a series of modules 2 and at least one inductance 5. Most of these modules are half-bridge modules 6 like the one shown in figure 2.
  • the converter 1 can be realized with other types of regular modules such as the full-bridge module 16 shown in figure 5, although they would be more complex and expensive.
  • Some of the modules of each branch 21 are the proposed adapting modules 11 with a topology similar to the one shown in figure 3.
  • the half-bridge modules 6 comprise a capacitor 7 and two controllable semiconductors 8 with their corresponding antiparallel diodes and which can be used to connect or disconnect the capacitor 7 in series with its terminals 9 and 10.
  • the full-bridge modules 16 also comprise a capacitor 17, but they comprise four controllable semiconductors 18, instead of just two, which permit to connect the capacitor 17 with either polarity between its terminals 19 and 20.
  • the proposed adapting module 11 comprises one controllable semiconductor 13, the corresponding antiparallel diode and a passive circuit.
  • the passive circuit is an RC-series circuit 12 capable of supporting a short-circuit current due to DC line fault for a time several times greater than the time required for switching the semiconductors 8.
  • the RC-series circuit may be connected in series with the terminals 14 and 15 of the adapting module 11 or bypassed.
  • the capacitor 12C, the resistor12R and the semiconductor 13 form a mesh that allows the capacitor energy to be discharged through the resistor.
  • Other elements such as a varistor or a bypass mechanical contractor may be added to these adapting modules 11 .
  • connection of the different modules 6, 11 can be seen in figure 4, where part of a branch 21 is shown.
  • the positive terminal 9 of each half-bridge module 6 and the negative terminal 14 of each adapting module 11 are orientated to the positive terminal 3 of the DC connection, while the half-bridge modules negative terminals 10 and the proposed adapting modules positive terminals 15 are orientated to the negative DC connection terminal 4. Due to the full-bridge modules symmetry, their terminals 19 and 20 can be orientated either way.
  • the adapting modules controllable semiconductors 13 are saturated, so the passive circuits 12 are bypassed.
  • the converter 1 is controlled with the regular modules, which may be a half-bridge module 6, or a full-bridge module 16.
  • the balance control is activated.
  • a possible way to do so is to use a regulator 23 for each of these adapting modules as shown in figure 6.
  • the regulators 23 receive the adapting module capacitor voltages (V c ) and a reference for them (V c Re , as well as the current that circulates through the branch 21 .
  • Each regulator 23 returns an output voltage (V mod ) for the adapting module 1 1 to modulate using PWM. Since the higher this output voltage is, the more the adapting module will charge and the less it will discharge, the regulator 23 will choose the necessary output for the capacitor voltage to reach its references.
  • the references are chosen so that the maximum voltage the adapting modules can modulate is higher than the maximum voltage the branch will be subject to.
  • a modulator 25 which may be implemented on the same physical device as the aforesaid regulator 23, receives the comparison value that corresponds to the voltage (V mod ) which the adapting module is intended to modulate and produces the pulsed signal for the adapting module.
  • the pulsed signal is produced by comparing a triangular signal with the comparison signal corresponding to regulator output (V mod ).
  • Another possible way to balance the capacitors is to use the same regulator scheme the converter uses to control the power exchanged with the DC-Line.
  • This power controller will provide the branch voltage references necessary in order to exchange a certain power reference with the DC-Line; in particular, it will attempt to lower the power the converter sends to the line linearly.
  • the branch voltage references B ranch Ref
  • the voltage provided by each branch is regulated by a different controller.
  • the controller of each branch in addition to the voltage reference for the branch, receives the branch current (branch) and the voltage of each of the adapting modules capacitor (V C i , V C2 ).
  • the capacitor voltages are corrected by adding the voltage that the branch current will produce on the resistors.
  • the multivariable regulator 24 selects the voltage ( mocM , V mod 2- - - ) that each adapting module 1 1 will modulate so that the branch voltage reference is reached and the adapting modules capacitor voltages tend to balance.
  • the multivariable regulator 24 simply orders the adapting module capacitor voltages from higher to lower and distributes the branch voltage reference among the most discharged ones.
  • a modulator 25 can be used just like in the previous example. Both the described multivariable regulator 24 and the modulator 25 could be implemented on a DSP or an FPGA.
  • the controllable semiconductors of the adapting modules are closed again and the regular modules return to their modulation routine.
  • the capacitors of the passive circuits 12C are discharged through their corresponding resistors 12R. Any service which does not require the DC line can continue to be supplied.
  • the voltage of the DC line is measured to detect when the fault has been cleared. When the line is operational again, the converter 1 can be connected back to it and continue to work normally.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un module (11) qui, lorsqu'il est présent dans un convertisseur modulaire (1) d'au moins une connexion à courant continu (CC), ayant des branches de module formées entre les bornes de connexion CC (3 et 4) et d'autres nœuds du convertisseur, permet au convertisseur d'éteindre des courants élevés de branche qui sont produits par des défauts dans la ligne CC. L'invention porte également sur un procédé pour la connexion et le fonctionnement de ce module.
PCT/EP2013/073470 2013-11-11 2013-11-11 Convertisseur de tension modulaire et procédé pour atténuer les effets d'un défaut sur une ligne à courant continu (cc) WO2015067322A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/073470 WO2015067322A1 (fr) 2013-11-11 2013-11-11 Convertisseur de tension modulaire et procédé pour atténuer les effets d'un défaut sur une ligne à courant continu (cc)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/073470 WO2015067322A1 (fr) 2013-11-11 2013-11-11 Convertisseur de tension modulaire et procédé pour atténuer les effets d'un défaut sur une ligne à courant continu (cc)

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WO2015067322A1 true WO2015067322A1 (fr) 2015-05-14

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PCT/EP2013/073470 WO2015067322A1 (fr) 2013-11-11 2013-11-11 Convertisseur de tension modulaire et procédé pour atténuer les effets d'un défaut sur une ligne à courant continu (cc)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170047727A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2017-02-16 Nr Electric Co., Ltd Direct-current power transmission protection device, converter and protection method
WO2017050345A1 (fr) * 2015-09-21 2017-03-30 Abb Schweiz Ag Convertisseur multiniveaux ayant un circuit hacheur
US20190312504A1 (en) * 2015-12-30 2019-10-10 Hee Jin Kim Modular multi-level converter and dc failure blocking method therefor
WO2021238498A1 (fr) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-02 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 Procédé de commande pour un appareil de dissipation d'énergie de type module série à courant continu

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012103936A1 (fr) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé visant à éliminer une défaillance sur une ligne de courant continu haute tension, installation permettant de transporter un courant électrique sur une ligne de courant continu haute tension, et convertisseur correspondant
WO2012116738A1 (fr) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-07 Abb Research Ltd Limitation du courant de défaut dans des systèmes de transmission de courant électrique continu
WO2013060354A1 (fr) * 2011-10-24 2013-05-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Convertisseur pour le transport de courant continu à haute tension

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012103936A1 (fr) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé visant à éliminer une défaillance sur une ligne de courant continu haute tension, installation permettant de transporter un courant électrique sur une ligne de courant continu haute tension, et convertisseur correspondant
WO2012116738A1 (fr) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-07 Abb Research Ltd Limitation du courant de défaut dans des systèmes de transmission de courant électrique continu
WO2013060354A1 (fr) * 2011-10-24 2013-05-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Convertisseur pour le transport de courant continu à haute tension

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170047727A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2017-02-16 Nr Electric Co., Ltd Direct-current power transmission protection device, converter and protection method
WO2017050345A1 (fr) * 2015-09-21 2017-03-30 Abb Schweiz Ag Convertisseur multiniveaux ayant un circuit hacheur
US10084371B2 (en) 2015-09-21 2018-09-25 Abb Schweiz Ag Multilevel converter with a chopper circuit
US20190312504A1 (en) * 2015-12-30 2019-10-10 Hee Jin Kim Modular multi-level converter and dc failure blocking method therefor
US10998813B2 (en) * 2015-12-30 2021-05-04 Hyosung Heavy Industries Corporation Modular multi-level converter and DC failure blocking method therefor
WO2021238498A1 (fr) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-02 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 Procédé de commande pour un appareil de dissipation d'énergie de type module série à courant continu

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