WO2015058385A1 - 一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2015058385A1
WO2015058385A1 PCT/CN2013/085871 CN2013085871W WO2015058385A1 WO 2015058385 A1 WO2015058385 A1 WO 2015058385A1 CN 2013085871 W CN2013085871 W CN 2013085871W WO 2015058385 A1 WO2015058385 A1 WO 2015058385A1
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power
signal
format
less
modulation
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PCT/CN2013/085871
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘洁
罗雅枝
刘伯涛
吕超
卢彦兆
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华为技术有限公司
香港理工大学
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Priority to CN201380001432.8A priority Critical patent/CN104756456B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2013/085871 priority patent/WO2015058385A1/zh
Publication of WO2015058385A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015058385A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/38Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0012Modulated-carrier systems arrangements for identifying the type of modulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technologies, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulated signal. Background technique
  • the method for identifying the modulation format of the orthogonal modulated signal is generally: analyzing the non-Gaussian signal in the high-order cumulant and high-order spectral domains to obtain the high-order cumulant feature of the modulated signal, and modulating the signal according to the high-order cumulant feature The modulation format is identified.
  • Gaussian white noise is different from the high-order cumulant and high-order spectrum of the quadrature modulation signal, and the characteristics of the higher-order cumulant of the orthogonal modulation signals of different modulation formats are also different, that is, Gaussian white noise
  • the cumulant and the spectrum larger than the second order are 0, and the high-order cumulant and the high-order spectrum of the quadrature modulated signal are not 0, therefore, the high non-Gaussian signal can be analyzed by the high-order cumulant and the high-order spectrum.
  • the order cumulant determines the high-order cumulant feature of the quadrature modulated signal, and determines the modulation format of the quadrature modulated signal according to the feature, so as to avoid the influence of Gaussian white noise when identifying the modulation format, so as to improve the accuracy of the recognition.
  • the above method for identifying the modulation format according to the high-order cumulant feature requires high synchronization of the phase and frequency of the local oscillator and the received signal in the coherent receiver, and the receiver in the EON has a larger The frequency offset and phase noise of the optical coherent receiver, so the accuracy of the modulation format of the signal recognition method using the above method in EON is low.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulation signal, which are used to solve the problem of low accuracy of a modulation format for identifying a signal in an environment with large frequency offset and phase noise in the prior art. problem.
  • a method for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulated signal includes: performing power normalization processing on a symbol sequence of the received quadrature modulated signal to obtain a normalization of each of the plurality of symbols included in the symbol sequence Power
  • the determined power distribution characteristic value is compared with a preset plurality of threshold values, and a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is determined according to the comparison result.
  • the symbol sequence of the received orthogonal modulated signal is subjected to power normalization processing to obtain respective normalized powers of the plurality of symbols included in the symbol sequence, including :
  • a ratio of the power of the symbol to the average of the power is determined as the normalized power of the symbol.
  • the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a quadrature phase shift keying QPSK format, 16 orthogonal amplitude Modulating one of QAM format, 32QAM format, 64QAM format, 128QAM format, and 256QAM format.
  • multiple power ranges are preset, including: Determining a plurality of reference modulation formats in each modulation format in advance, and preset a plurality of power candidate ranges according to each of the selected reference modulation formats;
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise work under the preset optical signal to noise ratio condition
  • Rate 1. () is a first type of modified Bessel function
  • Wl (u) is determined to be the i-th reference normalized power in the reference modulation format that is less than the minimum value within the power candidate range in the preset optical signal a probability distribution under a noise ratio condition
  • Wj (u) is a determined j-th reference normalized power of the reference modulation format that is greater than a maximum value within the power candidate range under the preset optical signal-to-noise ratio condition Probability distribution;
  • the power range is preset based on each of the determined power thresholds.
  • the preset power candidate ranges are (0.2, 1.0) and (1.0, 1.8).
  • the preset power candidate ranges are (1.8, 2.0) and (2.1, 2.3);
  • the preset power candidate ranges are (0.1, 0.5), (0.5, 0.9) and (0.9, 1.3);
  • the preset power options range is (0.8, 1.2), (0.6, 0.8) and (1.2, 1.4).
  • the power range is preset according to each determined power threshold, which specifically includes:
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0) is used as the first threshold value, and the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0) is determined.
  • the power threshold is used as the second threshold Pth2, and the preset power range is [PtM tM], (-oo, t), (t/?2, +oo);
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (1.8, 2.0) is taken as the third threshold/ ⁇ 3, and the power candidate range (2.1, 2.3) is determined.
  • the power threshold is used as the fourth threshold ⁇ , and the preset power range is [PtM, +oo), ⁇ Pth ⁇ PtM);
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.1, 0.5) is used as the fifth threshold to determine the power threshold within the power candidate range (0.5, 0.9)
  • the sixth critical value ⁇ 6 the power threshold determined in the power candidate range (0.9, 1.3) is taken as the seventh threshold Pt/?7, and the preset power range is [ ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6], ( ⁇ , (Pth6, Pthiy,
  • determining a power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulated signal includes:
  • RatM ⁇ P([Pth Pth2 ⁇ ) _determining the quadrature modulated signal relative to the reference
  • P([Pth3, Pth4) The second power distribution characteristic value Rato2 of the equation 256QAM, where P([PtM, +oo)) is the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falling in [PtM,+ Probability within oo), P([ ⁇ 3, PtM” is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within [ ⁇ / ⁇ , ⁇ );
  • Ratio3 - P([Pth5, Pth6]) - determining the quadrature modulated signal relative to the base
  • P((-oo, Pth5) Pth6, Pthl ⁇ ) a third power distribution characteristic value Ratio3 of the quasi-modulation format 32QAM, where P([Pth5, Pth6]) is the normalized power of the symbol in the quadrature modulation signal The probability of falling within [Pt/z5, ⁇ 6], pu) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within (- ⁇ , ⁇ 5), P( ⁇ Pth6, Pt) The probability that the normalized power of the symbols in the quadrature modulated signal falls within 0 ⁇ 6, ⁇ 7];
  • P([Pth ⁇ 0, Pth ⁇ 1]) The fourth power distribution characteristic value Rat of the 64QAM format, where P([ ⁇ 8, ⁇ 9]) is the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal
  • the probability in [ ⁇ 8 , ⁇ 9 ], ⁇ ([ ⁇ 0, ⁇ 1]) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within ⁇ thlO, Pthl 1].
  • the preset multiple thresholds include: a preset first threshold value tM that maximizes the value of ⁇ te ⁇ , where: P(A(thl)
  • B) is a probability that when the B signal is not a signal of the QPSK format, the Ratiol of the B signal is smaller than thl;
  • A) is a signal when the A signal is known to be a 256QAM format or a 64QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, and the Ratio 2 of the A signal is not less than the 4 rate of th2;
  • B) is a probability that when the B signal is known to be a 32QAM format or a 128QAM format or a 16QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the B signal is smaller than th1, the ratio 2 of the B signal is smaller than th2;
  • ) is a probability that when the A signal is known to be a signal of the 256QAM format, and the ratio 1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, and the ratio 2 of the A signal is not less than th2, the ratio 4 of the A signal is not less than th3;
  • B) is a probability that when the B signal is known to be a 64QAM format signal, and the Ratio1 of the B signal is smaller than th1, and the Ratio 2 of the B signal is not less than th2, the ratio 4 of the B signal is smaller than th3;
  • A) is a probability that if the A signal is a signal of 32QAM format or 128QAM format, and Ratio1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, and Ratio2 of the A signal is smaller than th2, the ratio of Ratio3 of the A signal is not less than th4;
  • B) is a probability that the ratio 3 of the B signal is smaller than th4 when the B signal is known to be a signal of the 16QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the B signal is smaller than th1, and the Ratio 2 of the B signal is smaller than th2;
  • A) is a signal of the A signal when the A signal is known to be a signal of the 32QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the A signal is less than thl, the Ratio2 of the A signal is less than th2, and the Ratio3 of the A signal is not less than th4. Not less than the probability of th5;
  • B) is a signal when the B signal is known to be a 128QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the B signal is less than th1, the Ratio2 of the B signal is less than th2, and the Ratio3 of the B signal is not less than th4, the Ratio3 of the B signal is smaller than The probability of th5.
  • the determined power distribution feature value is compared with a preset multiple threshold value, and the orthogonal modulation signal is determined according to the comparison result.
  • the modulation format specifically includes:
  • a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a QPSK format
  • the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a 256QAM format when the Ratio1 is less than th1, and 110 2 is not less than 1112, and the Ratio 4 is not less than th3;
  • Ratio1 is less than th1, and 110 2 is not less than 1112, and Ratio 4 is less than th3, determining that the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a 64QAM format;
  • the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a 32QAM format when the Ratio1 is less than th1, and the Ratio2 is less than th2, and the Ratio3 is not less than th4, and the Ratio3 is not less than th5;
  • the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is determined to be a 128QAM format
  • the modulation format of the orthogonal modulated signal is the 16QAM format.
  • a second aspect provides an apparatus for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulated signal, including: a power determining module, configured to perform power normalization processing on a symbol sequence of the received orthogonal modulated signal to obtain a symbol sequence The normalized power of each symbol;
  • a probability determining module configured to determine, according to the determined normalized power of the plurality of symbols, a probability that a normalized power of the plurality of symbols falls within a preset plurality of power ranges, where the preset Multiple power ranges are set according to a plurality of pre-selected reference modulation formats;
  • a feature determining module configured to fall under the plurality of powers according to a normalized power of the plurality of symbols a ratio of probabilities in the range, determining a power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulation signal; an identification module, configured to compare the determined power distribution feature value with a preset plurality of threshold values, and determine according to the comparison result The modulation format of the quadrature modulated signal.
  • the power determining module is specifically configured to determine, according to power of multiple symbols included in a symbol sequence of the orthogonal modulated signal, A power average; for each symbol included in the sequence of symbols, a ratio of the power of the symbol to the average of the power is determined as the normalized power of the symbol.
  • the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a quadrature phase shift keying QPSK format, 16 orthogonal amplitude Modulating one of QAM format, 32QAM format, 64QAM format, 128QAM format, and 256QAM format.
  • the device further includes:
  • the power is the probability that the symbol of power E t appears in
  • Rate 1. () is a first type of modified Bessel function
  • Wl (u) is determined to be the i-th reference normalized power in the reference modulation format that is less than the minimum value within the power candidate range in the preset optical signal a probability distribution under a noise ratio condition
  • Wj (u) is a determined j-th reference normalized power of the reference modulation format that is greater than a maximum value within the power candidate range under the preset optical signal-to-noise ratio condition Probability distribution; preset power range based on each determined power threshold.
  • the power range setting module is specifically configured to: when the pre-selected reference modulation format is a 16QAM format, the preset power candidate range is ( 0.2, 1.0) and (1.0, 1.8); When the preselected reference modulation format is 256QAM format, the preset power candidate range is (1.8, 2.0) and (2.1, 2.3); when the preselected reference modulation format For the 32QAM format, the preset power candidate range is (0.1, 0.5), (0.5, 0.9), and (0.9, 1.3); when the pre-selected reference modulation format is 64QAM format, the preset power candidate range (0.8, 1.2), (0.6, 0.8) and (1.2, 1.4).
  • the power range setting module is specifically configured to: when the pre-selected reference modulation format is the 16QAM format, the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0) The determined power threshold is used as the first threshold Pthl, and the power threshold determined in the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0) is taken as the second threshold Pth2, and the preset power range is [PtM, Pth2], ( - ⁇ , Pthl), (Pth2, + ⁇ );
  • the pre-selected reference modulation format is 256QAM format
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (1.8, 2.0) is taken as the third threshold Pth3,
  • the power threshold determined in the power candidate range (2.1, 2.3) is taken as the fourth threshold Pth4, the preset power range is [Pth4, + ⁇ ), [Pth3, Pth4); when the pre-selected reference modulation format is 32QAM format
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.1, 0.5) is taken as the fifth threshold Pth5
  • P([Pthl, Pth2]) is a probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within [Pthl, Pth2], P(( ⁇ , Pthl), pth ⁇ is the orthogonal modulation The normalized power of the symbol in the signal falls on
  • P(( ⁇ , Pth5), (Pth6, Pth7)) a third power distribution characteristic value Ratio3 of the reference modulation format 32QAM, where P([Pth5, Pth6]) is a normalization of symbols in the orthogonal modulation signal The probability that the power falls within [Pth5, Pth6], P(( ⁇ , Pth5)) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within (- ⁇ , Pth5),
  • P ([PthlO, Pthl 1]) a fourth power distribution characteristic value Ratio4 of the equation 64QAM, where P([Pth8, Pth9]) is the orthogonal tone The probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the signal falls within [Pth8, Pth9], P([PthlO, Pthll]) is the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falling in [PthlO, Pthl l] Probability within.
  • a threshold setting module is configured to preset a value of P(A(tM)
  • ) is a probability that Ratio1 of the A signal is not less than th1 when the signal of the A signal is known to be in the QPSK format;
  • B) is when the known B signal is not in the QPSK format When the signal is signaled, the ratio of Ratio1 of the B signal is less than 1 ; preset the second threshold value th2 that maximizes the value of P (dimension 2 )
  • A) is a probability that when the A signal is known to be a signal of 256QAM format or 64QAM format, and Ratio1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, Ratio2 of the A signal is not less than th2;
  • B) is a signal when the B signal is known to be 32QAM format or 128QAM format or 16QAM format, and the B signal
  • Ratio at 1 o'clock, the probability that Ra ti02 of the B signal is less than th2 ; preset the third threshold value th3 that maximizes the value of Z ⁇ ⁇ , where: P(A(th3)
  • A) is a signal when the A signal is known to be a 32QAM format or a 128QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, the Ratio2 'J of the A signal is at th2, and the Ratio3 of the A signal is not less than th4.
  • B) is a probability that when the B signal is known to be a 16QAM format signal, and the Ratio1 of the B signal is less than th1, and the Ratio2 of the B signal is less than th2, the Ratio3 of the B signal is less than th4;
  • the A signal is a signal of the 32QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the A signal is less than thl, the Ratio2 of the A signal is less than th2, and the RaticS of the A signal is not less than th4, the probability that the Ratio3 of the A signal is not less than th5; P(B(th5) ⁇ B) is a signal when the B signal is known to be in the 128QAM format, and the Ratio ⁇ of the B signal is less than M,
  • the ratio of the B signal is less than t/?2, and the ratio 2 of the B signal is not less than tM, and the ratio 2 of the B signal is less than the probability of ⁇ .
  • the identifying module is specifically configured to: when the Ratol is not less than tM, determine that a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a QPSK format; !?, when the Rat ol less than tM, and Ratio of not less than t / 2, and the Ratio is not less than the determined modulation format is quadrature-modulated signal format 256QAM; when the Ratol less than tM, and not Rat 0 2 When less than t/?2, and R a t 0 4 is less than t/ ⁇ , it is determined that the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is 64QAM format; when the Ratol is less than M, .
  • Ratio! is less than th2, 3- Ratio3 is not less than When ih4, and Rat 0 3 is not less than t/?5, it is determined that the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a 32QAM format; 1 is less than tM, and Ratio! is less than t/?2, and Ratio3 is not less than t/?4, and Ratio3' ⁇ , at th5, determining that the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is 128QAM format; when the Ratol is smaller than When tM, and Rat 0 2 is smaller than t/?2, and Rat 0 3 is smaller than tM, it is determined that the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is 16QAM format.
  • a digital signal processor comprising means for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulated signal as provided by the second aspect or any of the possible implementations of the first to eighth aspects of the second aspect.
  • a receiver comprising the apparatus for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulated signal as provided by the first to eighth possible implementations of the second aspect or the second aspect.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for identifying a modulation format of an orthogonal modulated signal, determining a normalized power of each of a plurality of symbols in a symbol sequence of the received orthogonal modulated signal, and determining a normalization of the plurality of symbols
  • the probability that the power falls within each preset power range determines the power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulated signal, and determines the comparison result according to the determined power distribution characteristic value and the preset multiple threshold values.
  • the modulation format of the quadrature modulated signal can avoid the influence of frequency offset and phase noise on the recognition result, and can be applied to a system with large frequency offset and phase noise such as EON to effectively improve the accuracy of the modulation signal modulation format.
  • FIG. 1 is a process of identifying a modulation format according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing probability distributions of reference normalized power of symbols in six modulation formats: QPSK format, 16 QAM format, 32QAM format, 64QAM format, 128QAM format, and 256QAM format in an ideal state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing probability distributions of actual normalized powers of symbols in a 16QAM format under a certain optical signal to noise ratio condition according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed process for determining a modulation format of a modulated signal according to a comparison result between a power distribution characteristic value of a modulated signal and a preset threshold value according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6A to 6D are simulation effect diagrams of the identification method based on FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulation signal according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a coherent receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of hardware for identifying a modulation format for identifying a quadrature modulation signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the probability distribution of the symbol power is significantly different in different modulation formats, in order to avoid the influence of the frequency offset and the phase noise on the identification of the modulation format, in the embodiment of the present invention, according to the return of each symbol in the received quadrature modulation signal
  • the probability distribution of the power is used to identify the modulation format of the quadrature modulated signal.
  • the method is insensitive to frequency offset and phase noise, and is effective when applied to systems with large frequency offset and phase noise such as EON. Improve the accuracy of identifying modulation formats.
  • S101 Perform power normalization processing on a symbol sequence of a received orthogonal modulated signal to obtain respective symbols of a plurality of symbols included in a symbol sequence. Normalized power.
  • the receiver may First determining the power of the plurality of symbols included in the symbol sequence of the orthogonal modulated signal, and determining the normalized power of the plurality of symbols according to the power of the plurality of symbols included in the symbol sequence of the orthogonal modulated signal
  • the method for determining the normalized power of each symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal may be: determining a power average of the plurality of symbols according to a power of the plurality of symbols included in a symbol sequence of the orthogonal modulated signal, Each symbol included in the sequence of symbols determines the ratio of the power of the symbol to the average of the power as the normalized power of the symbol.
  • the power abs(I(n)) 2 , ⁇ 1, 2 , 3. ⁇ .
  • S102 Determine, according to the determined normalized power of the plurality of symbols, a probability that a normalized power of the plurality of symbols falls within a preset plurality of power ranges.
  • the preset plurality of power ranges are set according to a plurality of pre-selected reference modulation formats, that is, a plurality of reference modulation formats may be selected in advance in each modulation format, and
  • the reference modulation format presets a plurality of power ranges, and after determining the normalized power of each symbol in the received orthogonal modulated signals by the above step S101, determining the orthogonal modulation for the preset multiple power ranges The probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the signal falls within this power range.
  • the power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulation signal may be determined according to a ratio of probabilities that the normalized power of the plurality of symbols falls within the plurality of power ranges.
  • each of the preset modulation formats may be And determining a power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulation signal relative to the reference modulation format according to a ratio of a normalized power of the plurality of symbols falling within a power range preset for the reference modulation format.
  • S104 Compare the determined power distribution characteristic value with a preset plurality of threshold values, and determine a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal according to the comparison result.
  • a plurality of threshold values may be preset, and according to the probability determined by each power range in step S102, a power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulated signal is determined according to a preset method, according to the determined A comparison result of the power distribution characteristic value and a preset plurality of threshold values identifies a modulation format of the quadrature modulation signal.
  • modulation format described in the embodiment of the present invention includes four-phase phase shift keying
  • the modulation format of the received orthogonal modulated signal is one of QPSK format, 16 QAM format, 32QAM format, 64QAM format, 128QAM format, and 256QAM format.
  • the identification method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to other modulation formats.
  • the following only illustrates the QPSK format, the 16 QAM format, the 32QAM format, the 64QAM format, the 128QAM format, and the 256QAM format. .
  • step S102 shown in FIG. 1 the receiver needs to determine, for each power range preset, a probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the received modulated signal falls within the power range, that is, the present
  • a plurality of power ranges are required to be preset.
  • the probability distribution of the normalized power of the symbols in these modulation formats is significantly different, and therefore, Predetermined power based on the difference in the probability distribution of the normalized power of the symbols in these modulation formats Scope.
  • the specific preset power range process can be as shown in FIG. 2.
  • S201 Select multiple reference modulation formats in each modulation format in advance, and preset multiple according to each selected reference modulation format. Power range.
  • a plurality of modulation formats may be pre-selected as a reference modulation format in each modulation format, and a plurality of power candidate ranges may be preset for each selected reference modulation format, in a preset power candidate range.
  • the difference can be set based on the difference in the probability distribution of the normalized power for each modulation format.
  • S202 Determine a reference normalized power of each symbol in the reference modulation format in the absence of optical noise according to any of the selected reference modulation formats.
  • determining the reference normalized power of each symbol in a reference modulation format in the absence of optical noise determining the power of each symbol included in the reference modulation format in the absence of optical noise, and determining that there is no light
  • the average of the power of each symbol included in the reference modulation format in the case of noise, and for each symbol, the ratio of the power of the symbol to the average is used as the reference normalized power of the symbol.
  • the normalized power of each symbol in the QPSK format is 1. That is, in the absence of optical noise, if the modulation format of the received quadrature modulated signal is QPSK format, the normalized power of the symbol appearing in the orthogonal modulated signal is the reference normalized power of the symbol. 1 , but due to the noise in the actual application, the normalized power of the symbol will float around 1 in practical applications.
  • S203 Determine a probability distribution of the reference normalized power in the reference modulation format under a predetermined optical signal to noise ratio condition according to the determined normalized power.
  • the normalized power of each symbol in the reference modulation format is floating near the reference normalized power, and for QPSK format, 16 QAM format, 32QAM format, 64QAM format, 128QAM format.
  • the symbols in these modulation formats are complex signals, and the real part I and the imaginary part Q in the complex signal are constant.
  • the noise interference received under the SNR condition can be approximated as additive white Gaussian noise.
  • V 2 ul 2 + U2 2 .
  • the noise interference of the real part I and the imaginary part Q of the symbol under a certain signal-to-noise ratio is additive white Gaussian noise
  • the real part I and the imaginary part Q of the symbol are in a certain optical signal noise.
  • the probability distribution under the ratio condition is two independent Gaussian distributions.
  • the mean values of the two independent Gaussian distributions are denoted by ul and u2, and the variance is ⁇ 2 .
  • the variance ⁇ 2 is the noise under the condition of the optical signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the value of power, ⁇ 2 is related to the optical signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the noise power ⁇ 2 under certain optical signal-to-noise ratio conditions is also constant.
  • E(s 2 ) is the signal power
  • E(s 2 ) is a fixed value
  • SymbolRate is the symbol rate
  • the general S mbolRate is 32Gs/s.
  • the normalized power u of the symbol is the sum of the squares of the real part I and the imaginary part Q of the symbol, the real part I and the imaginary part Q are two independent, and the average values of ul and U 2 are ⁇ 2 is the Gaussian distribution of the variance, therefore, the probability distribution w(u) of the normalized power u of the symbol is actually a non-center;
  • a power threshold may be determined within each power candidate range preset for the reference modulation format.
  • i 3 ⁇ 4 j is less than the ith reference normalized power of the minimum value in the power candidate range
  • P(Ei) is the probability that the symbol of power ⁇ is present in the reference modulation format under ideal conditions, ⁇ " is determined to be greater than The jth reference normalized power of the maximum value in the power candidate range
  • p(Ej) is the ideal modulation format
  • Rate 1. () is a first type of modified Bessel function
  • Wl (u) is determined to be the i-th reference normalized power in the reference modulation format that is less than the minimum value within the power candidate range in the preset optical signal a probability distribution under a noise ratio condition
  • Wj (u) is a determined j-th reference normalized power of the reference modulation format that is greater than a maximum value within the power candidate range under the preset optical signal-to-noise ratio condition Probability distribution.
  • a plurality of different optical signal to noise ratio conditions may be preset.
  • a modulation format is used as a reference modulation format and a power threshold is determined within a preset power candidate range, respectively.
  • the power threshold is determined, and the average value of each power threshold determined under different optical signal-to-noise ratio conditions is re-determined as the power threshold.
  • S205 preset a power range according to each determined power threshold.
  • the power range may be preset according to the determined power thresholds, for example, The range between a certain two power thresholds is determined as a preset power range, or the range of positive/negative infinity to a certain power threshold is determined as a preset power range.
  • the power range preset process shown in FIG. 2 is illustrated by the following six modulation formats: QPSK format, 16 QAM format, 32QAM format, 64QAM format, 128QAM format, and 256QAM format.
  • the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to identify the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal based on the difference in the probability distribution of the symbols of the different modulation formats on the normalized power, it is necessary to find out the above six modulation formats.
  • the difference in the probability distribution of the normalized power of the symbol, the difference of the probability distribution of the normalized power of the symbols in the above six modulation formats is illustrated by taking FIG. 3 as an example, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing probability distributions of reference normalized power of symbols in six modulation formats of QPSK format, 16 QAM format, 32QAM format, 64QAM format, 128QAM format, and 256QAM format in the absence of optical noise according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the axis of abscissa is the normalized power of the reference, and the axis of ordinate is the rate of 4, with 2000 being 4 and the rate being 100%.
  • the method based on distinguishing a preset power range is as follows:
  • the 16QAM format is selected as the reference modulation format.
  • the probability distribution of the normalized power of each symbol in the 16QAM format under a certain optical signal-to-noise ratio condition may be based on the left and right sides of the value 1, that is, the range smaller than the value 1.
  • a power threshold is selected for each of the ranges greater than the value 1, and as can be seen from Figure 3, in the ideal state, the reference normalized power of the symbols in the 16QAM format is 0.2, 1 And 1.8, therefore, when the pre-selected reference modulation format is 16QAM format, the two ranges (0.2, 1.0) and (1.0, 1.8) can be used as the preset power candidate range, and in the two power preparations
  • the power threshold is determined within the selected range.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of probability distribution of actual normalized power of each symbol in a 16QAM format under a certain optical signal to noise ratio condition according to an embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that under a certain optical signal to noise ratio condition, the probability distribution of the actual normalized power of the symbol with a reference normalized power of 0.2 in the 16QAM format, and the symbol with the normalized power of the reference of 1.0 The probability distribution of the actual normalized power has an intersection, the probability distribution of the actual normalized power of the symbol with a normalized power of 1.0, and the probability distribution of the actual normalized power of the symbol with a normalized power of 1.8.
  • the symbol with a reference normalized power of 0.2 may be misjudged as a symbol with a reference normalized power of 1.0, and the reference normalized power is 1.0.
  • Symbols may be misinterpreted as symbols with a normalized power of 1.8, so the probability of such a misjudgment needs to be minimized when determining the power threshold.
  • the power threshold determined within the range (0.2, 1.0) can be selected.
  • the discrete integral operation with the step set to the step size, such as the step size can be 0.1, to avoid the calculation caused by the continuous integral operation Too big a problem.
  • the setting step size can be set according to requirements. If the calculation amount of the integral is minimized, the setting step size can be set larger, if the accuracy of the subsequent identification modulation format is improved, Set the step size to be smaller.
  • the optical signal-to-noise ratio can be preset to be 17 dB. 18dB, 19dB, 20dB, 21dB, 22dB, and under these six signal-to-noise ratio conditions, use the above method to determine the power threshold within the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0), and finally determine the six powers. The average of the critical values is re-used as the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0).
  • a power threshold can be determined within the power range (1.0, 1.8).
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0) is used as the first threshold value
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0) is used.
  • pth ⁇ is 0.6, p 1.4, as shown by the two broken lines in the probability distribution coordinate of the reference normalized power of QPSK in FIG. 3 or the two broken lines in FIG.
  • the preset power range can be [ ⁇ , 7 ⁇ 2], (- ⁇ , PtM), (7 ⁇ 2, + ⁇ ), that is, [0.4, 1.6],
  • the QPSK format and the other five modulation formats can be distinguished by the difference one.
  • One of three modulation formats, 16QAM format, 32QAM format, and 128QAM format, is one of two modulation formats, 64QAM format and 256QAM format.
  • several power thresholds can be determined in the vicinity of the value 2.2, and the power range is preset based on the power threshold values.
  • the probability distribution of the reference normalized power of the symbols in the 256QAM format is loose near the value 2.2, which is convenient for determining the power threshold near the value 2.2. Therefore, the 256QAM format is selected as the reference modulation format.
  • the probability distribution of the normalized power of each symbol in the 256QAM format under a certain optical signal to noise ratio condition may be based on the left and right sides of the value 2.2, that is, in the range less than the value 2.2.
  • a power threshold is selected for each of the ranges greater than the value of 2.2.
  • the reference normalized power of the symbols in the 256QAM format is 1.8, 2.0, 2.1, and 2.3 on both sides of 2.2. Therefore, when the pre-selected reference modulation format is 256QAM format, the two ranges (1.8, 2.0) and (2.1, 2.3) can be used as the preset power candidate range, and within the two power options. Determine the power threshold.
  • the optical signal to noise ratio condition can be preset to be 28 dB. 29dB, 30dB, 31dB, 32dB, 33dB, and under these six SNR conditions, the power threshold is determined in the power candidate range (1.8, 2.0) and (2.1, 2.3) by the above method, and finally determined. The average of the six power thresholds is re-determined as a corresponding power candidate Power threshold.
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (1.8, 2.0) is used as the third threshold Pth3, and the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (2.1, 2.3) is taken as The fourth critical value Pth4, after the above calculation, Pth3 is 1.9, and Pth4 is 2.2, as shown by the two rightmost dashed lines in the probability distribution coordinates of the reference normalized power of 64QAM and 256QAM in FIG.
  • the preset power range can be [Pth 4 , + ⁇ ), [Pth3, Pth4), that is, [ 2 . 2 , + ⁇ ), [1.9, 2.2).
  • the modulation format that can distinguish the modulation signal by the difference two is one of the three modulation formats of the 16QAM format, the 32QAM format, and the 128QAM format, or one of the two modulation formats of the 64QAM format and the 256QAM format.
  • the reference normalization of symbols in the 32QAM format is in the range of the reference normalized power of 0 ⁇ 1.2.
  • the probability that the power is around the value of 0.5 is about 1/2.
  • the probability of the reference normalized power of the symbol in the 128QAM format is about 1/4 near the value of 0.5, while the reference normalized power of the symbol in the 16QAM format is around the value of 0.5.
  • the probability is almost 0. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the 16QAM format, the 32QAM format, and the 128QAM format are distinguished based on the difference three. Based on such an idea, in the embodiment of the present invention, several power thresholds can be determined near the value of 0.5 and around the value of 1.2, and the power range is preset based on these power thresholds.
  • the probability distribution of the reference normalized power of the symbols in the 32QAM format is loosely distributed around the values of 0.5 and 1.2, and it is convenient to determine the power threshold near the values of 0.5 and 1.2. Therefore, the 32QAM format is selected as the reference. Modulation format.
  • the probability distribution of the normalized power of each symbol in the 32QAM format under a certain optical signal-to-noise ratio condition may be based on the left and right sides of the value 0.5 and the value near 1.2, that is, less than A range of values of 0.5, a range greater than the value of 0.5, and a power critical point are selected in the vicinity of the value 1.2, and as can be seen from Fig. 3, in an ideal state, in the 32QAM format
  • the reference normalized power of the symbol is 0.1 and 0.9 on both sides of 0.5, and 0.9 and 1.3 on both sides of 1.2.
  • the preselected reference modulation format is 32QAM format
  • (0.1, 0.5) ( The three ranges of 0.5, 0.9) and (0.9, 1.3) are used as preset power candidate ranges, and the power threshold is determined within the three power candidate ranges.
  • the optical signal to noise ratio condition can be preset to be 20 dB. 21dB, 22dB, 23dB, 24dB, 25dB, and the power is determined within the power range (0.1, 0.5), (0.5, 0.9) and (0.9, 1.3) using the above methods under these six SNR conditions.
  • the threshold value is finally used to re-determine the average of the six power thresholds as the power threshold determined within the corresponding power candidate range.
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.1, 0.5) is taken as the fifth threshold Pth5
  • the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.5, 0.9) is taken as The sixth critical value Pth6
  • the power threshold determined in the power candidate range (0.9, 1.3) is taken as the seventh threshold Pth7.
  • Pth5 is 0.4
  • Pth6 is 0.8
  • Pth7 is 1.2, as shown in FIG.
  • the three dashed lines in the probability distribution coordinates of the reference normalized power of 16QAM, 32QAM, and 128QAM are shown.
  • the preset power range can be [Pth5, Pth6], (- ⁇ , Pth5), (Pth6, Pth7), that is, [0.4, 0.8], (- ⁇ , 0.4), (0.8, 1.2].
  • the 16QAM format, the 32QAM format, and the 128QAM format can be distinguished by the difference of three.
  • the reference of the symbol in the 64QAM format is within the range of the reference normalized power of 0.8 ⁇ 1.3.
  • the probability that the normalized power is near the value of 1.0 is almost zero, and the probability that the reference normalized power of the symbol in the 256QAM format is around the value of 1.0 is about 1/2. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the 64QAM format is distinguished based on the difference four. And 256QAM format. Based on such an idea, in the embodiment of the present invention, several power thresholds can be determined near the value of 1.0, around the value of 0.8, and around the value of 1.3, and the power range is preset based on these power thresholds.
  • the 64QAM format is a reference modulation format.
  • the probability distribution of the normalized power of each symbol in the 64QAM format under a certain optical signal to noise ratio condition may be based on the left and right sides of the value 1.0, the value near 0.8, and the value of 1.3. That is, a power critical point is selected in the range of less than the value of 1.0, the range of more than the value of 1.0, and the vicinity of the value of 1.2 and the value of 1.3.
  • the reference of the symbol in the 64QAM format is normalized.
  • the power is 0.8 and 1.2 on both sides of 1.0, 0.6 and 0.8 on both sides of 0.8, and 1.2 and 1.4 on both sides of 1.3.
  • the preselected reference modulation format is 64QAM format
  • the three ranges of 1.2), (0.6, 0.8) and (1.2, 1.4) are used as preset power candidate ranges, and the power threshold is determined within the three power candidate ranges.
  • the optical signal-to-noise ratio can be preset to 22 dB. 23dB, 24dB, 25dB, 26dB, 27dB, and the power is determined by the above method in the power candidate range (0.8, 1.2), (0.6, 0.8) and (1.2, 1.4) under these six SNR conditions.
  • the threshold value is finally used to re-determine the average of the six power thresholds as the power threshold determined within the corresponding power candidate range.
  • the two power thresholds determined within the power candidate range are taken as the eighth threshold Pth8 and the ninth threshold Pth9, where Pth8 is less than Pth9, and the power is prepared.
  • the power threshold determined in the selected range (0.6, 0.8) is taken as the tenth threshold PthlO
  • the power threshold determined in the power candidate range is taken as the eleventh threshold Pthll.
  • Pth8 It is 0.9
  • Pth9 is 1.1
  • PthlO is 0.8
  • Pthll is 1.3, as shown by the leftmost four dotted lines in the probability distribution coordinates of the reference normalized power of 64QAM and 256QAM in Fig. 3.
  • the preset power range can be [Pth8, Pth9], [PthlO, Pthll], that is, [0.9, 1.1], [0.8, 1.3].
  • the 64QAM format and the 256QAM format can be distinguished by the difference of four.
  • Pthl ⁇ Pthll can also be fine-tuned by ⁇ 0.1 as needed to facilitate subsequent identification.
  • step S101 when the modulation format of the orthogonal modulated signal received through step S101 is identified by the method shown in FIG.
  • step S103 determining the power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulation signal by step S103, that is, quantizing the characteristic value of the received quadrature modulation signal among the above four differences.
  • the method for quantifying the eigenvalues of the received quadrature modulation signals in the above four differences may be: for each preset reference modulation format, according to the symbol sequence of the orthogonal modulation signal The ratio of the normalized power of the plurality of symbols falling within a power range preset for the reference modulation format, determining the amount of the quadrature modulated signal relative to the reference modulation format Power distribution eigenvalue.
  • Ratiol ⁇ P([Pthl, Pth2]) _determines the orthogonal modulation signal relative to the reference modulation format
  • the first power distribution characteristic value Ratio1 of 16QAM where P([Pthl, Pth2]) is a probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within [Pthl, Pth2], P((- ⁇ , Pthl], (Pth2, + ⁇ )) is a probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within (- ⁇ , Pthl) or (Pth2, + ⁇ );
  • P([Pth3, Pth4)) determines a second power distribution characteristic value Ratio2 of the orthogonal modulation signal with respect to a reference modulation format 256QAM, where P([Pth4, + ⁇ ): is a symbol in the orthogonal modulation signal The probability that the normalized power falls within [Pth4, + ⁇ ), P([Pth3, Pth4)) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within [Pth3, Pth4) ;
  • RatioS ⁇ 1 [ ,r,
  • P((-oo, Pth5), (Pth6, Pth7)) determines the orthogonal modulation signal relative to the reference modulation format
  • the third power distribution characteristic value Ratio3 of 32QAM where P([Pth5, Pth6]) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within [Pth5, Pth6], P((- ⁇ , Pth5)) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within (- ⁇ , Pth5), and P((Pth6, Pth7)) is the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal The probability that the normalized power falls within (Pth6, Pth7);
  • P([PthlO, Pthll]) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within [PthlO, Pthl 1].
  • Ratio1, Ratio2, Ratio3, and the determined modulation signals are determined.
  • the power can be obtained by step S104 as shown in FIG.
  • the distribution feature value is compared with a preset plurality of threshold values, and the modulation format of the modulation signal is identified according to the comparison result.
  • multiple thresholds may be preset by using the following methods:
  • ) is a probability that when the A signal is known to be a QPSK format, the ratio of the A signal is not less than thl;
  • B) is a probability that when the B signal is not a signal of the QPSK format, the Ratiol of the B signal is smaller than thl;
  • A) is a probability that when the A signal is known to be a signal of 256QAM format or 64QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, the ratio 2 of the A signal is not less than th2;
  • B) is a probability that when the B signal is known to be a signal of 32QAM format or 128QAM format or 16QAM format, and Ratio1 of the B signal is smaller than th1, Ratio2 of the B signal is smaller than th2; A(th3)
  • ) is a probability that when the A signal is known to be a signal of the 256QAM format, and the ratio 1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, and the ratio 2 of the A signal is not less than th2, the ratio 4 of the A signal is not less than th3;
  • B) is a probability that when the B signal is known to be a 64QAM format signal, and the Ratio1 of the B signal is smaller than th1, and the Ratio 2 of the B signal is not less than th2, the ratio 4 of the B signal is smaller than th3;
  • A) is a probability that if the A signal is a signal of 32QAM format or 128QAM format, and Ratio1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, and Ratio2 of the A signal is smaller than th2, the ratio of Ratio3 of the A signal is not less than th4;
  • B) is a signal when the B signal is known to be in the 16QAM format, and the Ratio of the B signal is small.
  • Ratio2 of the th1 and B signals is less than th2
  • the ratio of Ratio3 of the B signal is less than that of th4; preset the fifth threshold value th5 that maximizes the value of P( ⁇ )
  • ) is a signal when the A signal is known to be a 32QAM format, and the ratio of the A signal is less than thl, the ratio 2 of the A signal is less than th2, and the ratio 3 of the A signal is not less than th4, and the ratio 3 of the A signal is not less than The probability of th5;
  • B) is a signal when the B signal is known to be a 128QAM format, and the Ratio1 of the B signal is less than th1, the Ratio2 of the B signal is less than th2, and the Ratio3 of the B signal is not less than th4, the Ratio3 of the B signal is smaller than The probability of th5.
  • the above four power distribution characteristic values of the modulated signal according to the known modulation format in the embodiment of the present invention determine the thresholds that make the highest accuracy rate.
  • the five thresholds preset based on the above method are: thl is 1.2, th2 is 0.7, th3 is 0.37, th4 is 0.41, and th5 is 0.55.
  • step S104 the modulation format of the received quadrature modulation signal can be specifically identified by the method shown in FIG. As shown in Figure 5.
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed process for determining a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal according to a comparison result between a power distribution characteristic value of a modulation signal and a preset threshold value according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes the following steps:
  • step S 10401 It is judged whether Ratiol is not smaller than thl, and if so, step S10402 is performed, otherwise step S10403 is performed.
  • S10402 Determine a modulation format of the orthogonal modulated signal as a QPSK format.
  • S 10404 It is judged whether the Ratio 4 is not less than th3, and if yes, step S10405 is performed, otherwise step S10406 is performed.
  • S10405 Determine a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal to be a 256QAM format.
  • S10406 Determine a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal to be a 64QAM format.
  • step S 10407 It is judged whether the ratio 3 is not smaller than th4 , and if so, step S 10408 is performed, otherwise step S10411 is performed.
  • step S 10408 It is judged whether the Ratio 3 is not less than th5, and if so, step S10409 is performed, otherwise step S10410 is performed.
  • S10409 Determine a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal to be a 32QAM format.
  • S10410 Determine a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal to be a 128QAM format.
  • S10411 Determine a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal to be a 16QAM format.
  • FIG. 6A to 6D are simulation effect diagrams of the recognition method based on FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the abscissa axis in Figs. 6A to 6D is the optical signal to noise ratio
  • the ordinate axis in Fig. 6A is the value of Ratio1
  • the ordinate axis in Fig. 6B is the value of Ratio2
  • the ordinate axis in Fig. 6C is Ratio3.
  • the value, the ordinate axis in Fig. 6D is the value of Ratio4.
  • the first threshold value th1 of 1.2 can distinguish the QPSK format from the other five modulation formats (16 QAM format, 32 QAM format, 64 QAM format). , 128QAM format, 256QAM format).
  • the modulation format of the modulated signal is QPSK format, otherwise it is one of the other five modulation formats.
  • the modulation format of the modulated signal can be distinguished from one of the 64QAM format and the 256 QAM format, or 16 One of QAM format, 32QAM format, and 128QAM format.
  • the modulation format of the modulated signal is one of the 64QAM format and the 256 QAM format, otherwise it is one of the 16 QAM format, the 32QAM format, and the 128QAM format.
  • 0.41 is used as the fourth threshold value th4 to distinguish whether the modulation format of the modulated signal is one of 32QAM format and 128 QAM format, or 16QAM.
  • Modulation signal when Ratio3 of the received modulated signal is not less than 0.41
  • the modulation format is one of 32QAM format and 128 QAM format, otherwise it is 16 QAM format.
  • the 32 QAM format and the 128 QAM format can be distinguished by using 0.55 as the fifth threshold value th5.
  • the Ratio3 of the received modulated signal is not less than 0.55, the modulation format of the modulated signal is 32QAM format, otherwise it is 128 QAM format.
  • the third threshold th3 of 0.37 can distinguish between 64QAM format and 256 QAM format.
  • the modulation format of the modulated signal is 256QAM format, otherwise it is 64 QAM format.
  • the optical signal to noise ratio range applicable to the above identification methods for the QPSK format, the 16 QAM format, the 32QAM format, the 64QAM format, the 128QAM format, and the 256QAM format provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in Table 1.
  • the modulation format of the modulated signal can still be accurately identified in a system having a large frequency offset and phase noise such as EON.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for identifying a modulation format, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulation signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which specifically includes:
  • the power determining module 701 is configured to perform power normalization processing on the symbol sequence of the received orthogonal modulated signal to obtain normalized power of each of the plurality of symbols included in the symbol sequence.
  • the probability determining module 702 is configured to determine, according to the determined normalized power of the multiple symbols, a probability that a normalized power of the plurality of symbols falls within a preset plurality of power ranges, where the The plurality of power ranges are set according to a plurality of pre-selected reference modulation formats; The plurality of power ranges are set according to a plurality of pre-selected reference modulation formats; the feature determining module 703 is configured to: determine, according to the probability that the normalized power of the plurality of symbols falls within the plurality of power ranges Determining, determining a power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulated signal;
  • the identifying module 704 is configured to compare the determined power distribution feature value with a preset plurality of threshold values, and determine a modulation format of the orthogonal modulated signal according to the comparison result.
  • the power determining module 701 is specifically configured to: determine, according to power of multiple symbols included in a symbol sequence of the orthogonal modulated signal, a power average of the plurality of symbols; for each of the symbols included in the symbol sequence A symbol that determines a ratio of the power of the symbol to the average of the power as the normalized power of the symbol.
  • the modulation format of the quadrature modulation signal is one of a quadrature phase shift keying QPSK format, a 16 quadrature amplitude modulation QAM format, a 32QAM format, a 64QAM format, a 128QAM format, and a 256QAM format.
  • the device also includes:
  • Rate 1. () is a first type of modified Bessel function
  • Wl (u) is determined to be the i-th reference normalized power in the reference modulation format that is less than the minimum value within the power candidate range in the preset optical signal a probability distribution under a noise ratio condition
  • Wj (u) is a determined j-th reference normalized power of the reference modulation format that is greater than a maximum value within the power candidate range under the preset optical signal-to-noise ratio condition Probability distribution; preset power range based on each determined power threshold.
  • the power range setting module 705 is specifically configured to: when the preselected reference modulation format is the 16QAM format, the preset power candidate ranges are (0.2, 1.0) and (1.0, 1.8); when the preselected reference modulation format For the 256QAM format, the preset power candidate range is (1.8, 2.0) and (2.1, 2.3); when the pre-selected reference modulation format is 32QAM format, the preset power candidate range is (0.1, 0.5). , (0.5, 0.9) and (0.9, 1.3); When the pre-selected reference modulation format is 64QAM format, the preset power candidate range is (0.8, 1.2), (0.6, 0.8) and (1.2, 1.4) .
  • the power range setting module 702 is specifically configured to: when the pre-selected reference modulation format is the 16QAM format, use the power threshold determined in the power candidate range (0.2, 1.0) as the first threshold value Pth1, and prepare the power reserve.
  • the power threshold determined within the selected range (0.2, 1.0) is taken as the second threshold Pth2, and the preset power range is [Pthl, Pth2], (- ⁇ , Pthl), (Pth2, + ⁇ ); when the pre-selected reference
  • the power threshold determined in the power candidate range (1.8, 2.0) is taken as the third threshold Pth3, and the power threshold determined in the power candidate range (2.1, 2.3) is taken as the fourth.
  • the threshold value Pth4 the preset power range is [Pth4, + ⁇ ), [Pth3, Pth4); when the pre-selected reference modulation format is 32QAM format, the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.1, 0.5) As the fifth critical value Pth5, the value is determined as the sixth critical value Pth6 in the power candidate range (0.5, 0.9), and the power threshold determined in the power candidate range (0.9, 1.3) is taken as the seventh.
  • the threshold value Pth7, the preset power range is [Pth5, Pth6], (- , Pth5), (Pth6, Pth7];
  • the internally determined power threshold is taken as the eighth threshold Pth8 and the ninth threshold Pth9, Pth8 is less than Pth9, and the power threshold determined within the power candidate range (0.6, 0.8) is taken as the tenth threshold Pth10, and the power candidate is selected.
  • the power threshold determined in the range (1.2, 1.4) is taken as the eleventh threshold Pthl l , and the preset power range is [Pth8, Pth9], [PthlO, Pthl 1].
  • P(( ⁇ , Pthl), (Pth2, + ⁇ )) determines a first power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulation signal relative to a reference modulation format 16QAM
  • P([Pth5, Pth6]) is a probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within [Pth5, Pth6], and P((- ⁇ , Pth5)) is in the orthogonal modulated signal
  • the probability that the normalized power of the symbol falls within (- ⁇ , Pth5), P((Pth6, Pth7)) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within (Pth6, Pth7)
  • Rati. 4 P([Pth8 ' Pth9]) to determine the quadrature modulated signal relative to the reference
  • P([PthlO, Pthl l]) The fourth power distribution characteristic value Ratio4 of the modulation format 64QAM, where P([Pth8, Pth9]) is the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulation signal falls in [Pth8, The probability within Pth9], P([PthlO, Pthll]) is the probability that the normalized power of the symbol in the orthogonal modulated signal falls within [Pthl 0, Pthl 1].
  • the device further includes: a threshold setting module 706, configured to preset a first threshold that maximizes a value of P(Afthl)
  • a signal is a signal of 256QAM format, and Ratio1 of A signal is less than thl, and Ratio2 of A signal is not less than th2, Ratio4 of A signal is not less than the probability of th3; P(B(th3)
  • Ratio1 of the A signal is smaller than th1, and Ratio2 of the A signal is smaller than th2, Ratio3 of the A signal is not less than the probability of th4;
  • B) is a signal when the B signal is known to be 16QAM format, and B When Ratio1 of the signal is less than th1, and Ratio2 of the B signal is less than th2, Ratio3 of the B signal is less than the probability of th4; preset a fifth threshold that maximizes the value of P(A(th5 )
  • the ratio 3 of the B signal is smaller than the probability of th5.
  • the identifying module 704 is specifically configured to: when the Ratio1 is not less than th1, determine the orthogonal tone The probability.
  • the identifying module 704 is specifically configured to: when the Ratol is not less than tM, determine that a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a QPSK format; when the Ratol is less than tM, and the Rat 0 2 is not less than 2, and is not less than When t/ ⁇ , determining that the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is a 256QAM format; when the Ratol is less than tM, and Rato2 is not less than t/?2, and Rat is less than t/?3, determining the orthogonal modulation
  • the modulation format of the signal is 64QAM format; when the Ratol is less than tM, and Rat 0 2 is less than t/?2, and Rat 0 3 is not less than tM, and Rat 0 3 is not less than t/?5, the orthogonality is determined.
  • the signal modulation format for the 32QAM format when the Ratol less than M, 3. Ratio less than thl, 3.Ratio3 not less than tM, and Rat 0 3 less than t / 5, it is determined modulating the quadrature-modulated signal!?
  • the format is 128QAM format; when the Rat ol is less than M, . Ratio! is less than thl, . Ratio?, less than th4, it is determined that the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is 16QAM format.
  • the apparatus for identifying the modulation format of the quadrature modulation signal as shown in Fig. 7 above may be located in the digital signal processor.
  • the digital signal processor can be located in the receiver, and the structure of the receiver including the digital signal processor is as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a photoelectric converter 801, a digital-to-analog converter 802, and a digital signal processor 803, where:
  • the photoelectric converter 801 is configured to polarize and split the received optical signal, perform a 90-degree mixing process on the polarized two-beam optical signal, and convert the mixed-processed optical signal into an analog electrical signal. And output to the digital to analog converter 802;
  • the digital-to-analog converter 802 is configured to convert the received analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal and output it to the digital signal processor 803;
  • the digital signal processor 803 includes a dispersion compensation module 8031, a polarization demultiplexing module 8032, a device 8033 for identifying a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal, a frequency offset estimation module 8034, a carrier phase estimation module 8035, and a decision module 8036;
  • the dispersion compensation module 8031 is configured to receive the digital electrical signal output by the digital-to-analog converter 802, and perform dispersion compensation on the digital electrical signal, and output to the polarization demultiplexing module 8032;
  • the polarization demultiplexing module 8032 is configured to perform polarization demultiplexing processing on the received digital electrical signal. a method for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulated signal, identifying a modulation format of the received digital electrical signal;
  • the frequency offset estimation module 8034 is configured to estimate and compensate the frequency offset of the digital electrical signal according to the recognition result of the device 8033 for identifying the modulation format of the orthogonal modulated signal, and output the signal to the carrier phase estimation module 8035;
  • the carrier phase estimation module 8035 is configured to estimate and compensate a carrier phase difference of the frequency offset compensated digital electrical signal according to the identification result of the device 8033 for identifying the modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal, and output the result to the decision module 8036;
  • the decision module 8036 is configured to convert the received digital electrical signal into a corresponding binary code and output it based on the recognition result of the device 8033 that identifies the modulation format of the quadrature modulated signal.
  • the digital signal processor 803 can be implemented by using a (Digital Signal Processing, DSP) chip, and the receiver shown in FIG. 8 can be a coherent receiver.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processing
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the hardware structure of an apparatus for identifying a modulation format of a quadrature modulation signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes: a processor 901, a memory 902, a communication interface 903, and a bus 904.
  • the processor 901, the memory 902, and the communication interface 903 are connected to one another via a bus 904.
  • the bus 904 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc., for convenience of representation, only one thick line is shown in Fig. 9, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the communication interface 903 is configured to receive a quadrature modulated signal.
  • the memory 902 is configured to store a program.
  • the program can include program code, the program code including computer operating instructions.
  • the memory 902 may include a high speed random access memory (random access memory) memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory such as at least one disk storage device.
  • the processor 901 executes the program stored in the memory 902, and is used to implement the data migration method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, including:
  • Presetting a plurality of power ranges determining the normalized power according to the determined normalized power of the plurality of symbols a probability that a normalized power of the plurality of symbols falls within the plurality of power ranges, wherein the plurality of power ranges are set according to a plurality of pre-selected plurality of reference modulation formats;
  • the determined power distribution characteristic value is compared with a preset plurality of threshold values, and a modulation format of the orthogonal modulation signal is determined according to the comparison result.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for identifying a modulation format of an orthogonal modulated signal, determining a normalized power of each of a plurality of symbols in a symbol sequence of the received orthogonal modulated signal, and determining a normalization of the plurality of symbols
  • the probability that the power falls within each preset power range determines the power distribution characteristic value of the orthogonal modulated signal, and determines the comparison result according to the determined power distribution characteristic value and the preset multiple threshold values.
  • the modulation format of the quadrature modulated signal can avoid the influence of frequency offset and phase noise on the recognition result, and can be applied to a system with large frequency offset and phase noise such as EON to effectively improve the accuracy of the modulation signal modulation format.
  • embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product.
  • the application can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
  • processors CPUs
  • input/output interfaces network interfaces
  • memory volatile and non-volatile memory
  • the memory may include non-persistent memory, random access memory (RAM), and/or non-volatile memory in a computer readable medium, such as read only memory (ROM) or flash memory.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • Memory is an example of a computer readable medium.
  • Computer readable media includes both permanent and non-persistent, removable and non-removable media.
  • Information storage can be implemented by any method or technology.
  • the information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data.
  • Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), Other types of random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM (CD-ROM) ), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape cartridge, magnetic tape storage or other magnetic storage device or any other non-transportable media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.
  • computer readable media does not include non-transitory computer readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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Abstract

一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法及装置,用以解决现有技术中识别信号的调制格式的准确性较低的问题。确定接收的正交调制信号的符号序列中多个符号各自的归一化功率,并确定该多个符号的归一化功率落在每个预设的功率范围内的概率,据此确定该正交调制信号的功率分布特征值,根据确定的功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值的比较结果确定该正交调制信号的调制格式。上述方法可避免频偏和相位噪声对识别结果的影响,应用在诸如EON等具有较大频偏和相位噪声的系统中可有效提高识别信号调制格式的准确性。

Description

一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域, 尤指一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方 法及装置。 背景技术
随着网络带宽需求的不断增长, 基于灵活带宽分配的弹性光网络(Elastic Optical Network, EON )由于能够充分利用现有网络传输容量而引起越来越多 的关注。
由于在 EON中, 需要为不同调制格式的信号分配其传输的频段和带宽, 因此, 作为信号接收方的相干接收机就需要对接收到的信号的调制格式进行 识别。
目前, 识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法通常为: 在高阶累积量和高 阶谱域内分析非高斯信号, 得到调制信号的高阶累积量特征, 根据高阶累积 量特征对调制信号的调制格式进行识别。 这种识别方法的原理是: 高斯白噪 声与正交调制信号的高阶累积量和高阶频谱不同, 不同调制格式的正交调制 信号的高阶累积量的特征也不同, 即, 高斯白噪声的大于二阶的累积量和频 谱为 0, 而正交调制信号的高阶累积量和高阶谱不为 0, 因此, 可通过在高阶 累积量和高阶频谱内分析非高斯信号的高阶累积量, 确定正交调制信号的高 阶累积量特征, 根据该特征确定正交调制信号的调制格式, 避免在识别调制 格式时受到高斯白噪声的影响, 以提高识别的准确性,。
但是, 上述根据高阶累积量特征识别调制格式的方法对相干接收机中本 地振荡器 (local oscillator ) 与接收信号的相位和频率的同步性要求较高, 而 EON中的接收机是具有较大的频偏和相位噪声的光相干接收机, 因此在 EON 中采用上述方法识别信号的调制格式的准确性较低。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法及装置, 用 以解决现有技术中在具有较大频偏和相位噪声的环境下识别信号的调制格式 的准确性较低的问题。
第一方面, 提供一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法, 包括: 对接收的正交调制信号的符号序列进行功率归一化处理, 得到符号序列 所包含的多个符号各自的归一化功率;
根据确定的所述多个符号的归一化功率, 确定所述多个符号的归一化功 率落在预设的多个功率范围内的概率, 其中, 所述预设的多个功率范围是根 据预先选择的多个基准调制格式设定的;
根据所述多个符号的归一化功率落在所述多个功率范围内的概率的比 值, 确定所述正交调制信号的功率分布特征值;
将确定的所述功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进行比较, 根据比较 结果确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式。
结合第一方面, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 对接收的正交调制信号的 符号序列进行功率归一化处理, 得到符号序列所包含的多个符号各自的归一 化功率, 具体包括:
根据所述正交调制信号的符号序列中包含的多个符号的功率, 确定所述 多个符号的功率平均值;
针对所述符号序列中包含的每个符号, 确定该符号的功率与所述功率平 均值的比值, 作为该符号的归一化功率。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式, 在第二种可能的实 现方式中, 所述正交调制信号的调制格式为四相相移键控 QPSK格式、 16正 交幅度调制 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM 格式中的一种。
结合第二种可能的实现方式, 在第三种可能的实现方式中, 预设多个功 率范围, 具体包括: 预先在各调制格式中选择出多个基准调制格式, 并根据选择的每个基准 调制格式预设多个功率备选范围;
根据选择的任一基准调制格式, 确定在无光噪声情况下该基准调制格式 中各符号的基准归一化功率;
根据确定的任一基准归一化功率, 在预设的光信噪比条件下确定该基准 调制格式中该基准归一化功率的概率分布;
根据在该基准调制格式条件下预设的任一功率备选范围, 确定满足公式 df / duth = 0时的 uth作为在该功率备选范围内确定的功率临界值, 其中, f =∑ [ Ρ(Ε4 ) f +∞ w4 (u)du] + [ pCEj ) ί¾ Wj (u)du)] , 为确定的小于该功率 备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率, p(Ei )为理想状态下该基准调制 格式中出现功率为 ^的符号的概率, Ε」为确定的大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率, p(Ej )为理想状态下该基准调制格式中出现功率
, σ2为在所述预设的光信噪比条件下的噪声功
Figure imgf000005_0001
率, 1。()为第一类修正贝塞尔函数, Wl (u)为确定的该基准调制格式中小于该 功率备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件 下的概率分布, Wj (u)为确定的该基准调制格式中大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件下的概率分布;
根据确定的每个功率临界值预设功率范围。
结合第三种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现方式中, 当预先选择 的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时,预设的功率备选范围为(0.2, 1.0 )和(1.0, 1.8 ); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 ( 1.8, 2.0)和 (2.1, 2.3 );
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (0.1, 0.5)、 (0.5, 0.9)和(0.9, 1.3);
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (0.8, 1.2)、 (0.6, 0.8)和 ( 1.2, 1.4)。
结合第四种可能的实现方式, 在第五种可能的实现方式中, 根据确定的 每个功率临界值预设功率范围, 具体包括:
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第一临界值 ^l, 将功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第二临界值 Pth2 , 预设功率范围为 [PtM tM]、 (-oo, t ) , ( t/?2,+oo);
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时,将在功率备选范围( 1.8, 2.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第三临界值/^ 3, 将功率备选范围 (2.1, 2.3) 内确定的功率临界值作为第四临界值 ΡίΜ , 预设功率范围为 [PtM,+oo)、 \Pth\PtM);
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.1, 0.5) 内确定的功率临界值作为第五临界值 将功率备选范围 (0.5, 0.9) 内确定的功率临界值作为第六临界值 ^6, 将功率备选范围 (0.9, 1.3) 内确 定的功率临界值作为第七临界值 Pt/?7,预设功率范围为 [^5, ^6]、 (~οο 、 (Pth6,Pthiy,
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.8, 1.2 ) 内确定的功率临界值作为第八临界值 7^8和第九临界值 7^8小于 Pth9 ,将功率备选范围(0.6, 0.8)内确定的功率临界值作为第十临界值/^ 10, 将功率备选范围 (1.2, 1.4) 内确定的功率临界值作为第十一临界值/ ^11, 预设功率范围为 | t/z8, Pth9]、 [Pthl 0, Pthl 1]。 结合第五种可能的实现方式, 在第六种可能的实现方式中, 确定所述正 交调制信号的功率分布特征值, 具体包括:
釆用公式 RatM = ^ P([Pth Pth2}) _确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准
>((—∞, Pth\ (Pth2, +∞)) 调制格式 16QAM的第一功率分布特征值 Ratol, 其中, Ρ([ΑΜ,Ρ 2])为所述正 交调制信号 中 符号 的 归一化功率落在 [PtM,Pth2] 内 的概率 ,
P((-oo, PMl (Pth2, 》为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在( Pthl] 或 CPt/ώ,+οο)内的概率; 釆用公式 Ratiol = Ρ( [ , +°°》确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准调制格
P([Pth3,Pth4)) 式 256QAM的第二功率分布特征值 Rato2 , 其中, P([PtM,+oo))为所述正交调 制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [PtM,+oo)内的概率, P([ ^3,PtM》为所述正交 调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Α/β,ΑΜ)内的概率;
釆用公式 Ratio3 =—— P([Pth5,Pth6])——确定所述正交调制信号相对于基
P((-oo,Pth5) Pth6,Pthl}) 准调制格式 32QAM的第三功率分布特征值 Ratio3 , 其中, P([Pth5, Pth6])为所 述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pt/z5, ^6]内的概率, pu )为 所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-οο,Ρ 5)内的概率, P(^Pth6,Pt ) 为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 0Ρ 6,Ρ 7]内的概率;
釆用公式 Rati。4 = „ 确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准调制
P([Pth\0,Pth\ 1]) 格式 64QAM的第四功率分布特征值 Rat , 其中, P([ ^8, ^9])为所述正交 调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [ ^8, ^9]内的概率, Ρ([ΑΜ0,ΑΜ1])为所述 正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 \ thlO,Pthl 1]内的概率。
结合第六种可能的实现方式, 在第七种可能的实现方式中, 预设多个门 限值, 具体包括: 预设使^ te ^^的值最大的第一门限值 tM, 其中: P(A(thl)| )为当已知 A信号为 QPSK格式的信号时, A信号的 Ratiol不小 于 thl的概率;
P(B(thl)|B)为当已知 B信号不是 QPSK格式的信号时, B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl的概率;
预设使 P (维 2) |A)2+ P陣 的值最大的第二门限值 th2 , 其中:
P(A(th2)|A)为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式或 64QAM格式的信号、且 A 信号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, A信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2的 4既率;
P(B(th2)|B)为当已知 B信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格式或 16QAM格 式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2的概率;
预设使 P(A(th3) |A) ÷ P(B(th3)B)的值最大的第三门限值 , 其中:
P(A(th3)| )为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio4不小于 th3的概率;
P(B(th3)|B)为当已知 B信号为 64QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时, B信号的 Ratio4小于 th3的概率;
预设使 P(^4) |A)2+ P(B(th4)B)的值最大的第四门限值 tM , 其中:
P(A(th4)|A)为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格式的信号、且 A 信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4的 概率;
P(B(th4)|B)为当已知 B信号为 16QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, B信号的 Ratio3小于 th4的概率;
预设使 P(A(th5) |A) ÷ P(B(th5)B)的值最大的第五门限值 th5 , 其中:
P(A(th5)|A)为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式的信号、 且 A信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 th2、 A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4时, A信号的 Ratio3 不小于 th5的概率;
P(B(th5)|B)为当已知 B信号为 128QAM格式的信号、且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2、 B信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4时, B信号的 Ratio3 小于 th5的概率。
结合第七种可能的实现方式, 在第八种可能的实现方式中, 将确定的所 述功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进行比较, 根据比较结果确定所述正 交调制信号的调制格式, 具体包括:
当所述 Ratiol不小于 thl时,确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 QPSK格 式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 110 2不小于1112、 且 Ratio 4不小于 th3时, 确定所 述正交调制信号的调制格式为 256QAM格式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 110 2不小于1112、 且 Ratio 4小于 th3时, 确定所述 正交调制信号的调制格式为 64QAM格式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 Ratio2小于 th2、 且 Ratio3不小于 th4、 且 Ratio3不 小于 th5时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 32QAM格式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 Ratio2小于 th2、 且 Ratio3不小于 th4、 且 Ratio3小 于 th5时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 128QAM格式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 Ratio 2小于 th2、 且 Ratio 3小于 th4时, 确定所述正 交调制信号的调制格式为 16QAM格式。
第二方面, 提供一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置, 包括: 功率确定模块, 用于对接收的正交调制信号的符号序列进行功率归一化 处理, 得到符号序列所包含的多个符号各自的归一化功率;
概率确定模块, 用于根据确定的所述多个符号的归一化功率, 确定所述 多个符号的归一化功率落在预设的多个功率范围内的概率, 其中, 所述预设 的多个功率范围是根据预先选择的多个基准调制格式设定的;
特征确定模块, 用于根据所述多个符号的归一化功率落在所述多个功率 范围内的概率的比值, 确定所述正交调制信号的功率分布特征值; 识别模块, 用于将确定的所述功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进行 比较, 根据比较结果确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式。
结合第二方面, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 所述功率确定模块具体用 于, 根据所述正交调制信号的符号序列中包含的多个符号的功率, 确定所述 多个符号的功率平均值; 针对所述符号序列中包含的每个符号, 确定该符号 的功率与所述功率平均值的比值, 作为该符号的归一化功率。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式, 在第二种可能的实 现方式中, 所述正交调制信号的调制格式为四相相移键控 QPSK格式、 16正 交幅度调制 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM 格式中的一种。
结合第二种可能的实现方式, 在第三种可能的实现方式中, 所述装置还 包括:
功率范围设置模块, 用于预先在各调制格式中选择出多个基准调制格式, 并根据选择的每个基准调制格式预设多个功率备选范围; 根据选择的任一基 准调制格式, 确定在无光噪声情况下该基准调制格式中各符号的基准归一化 功率; 根据确定的任一基准归一化功率, 在预设的光信噪比条件下确定该基 准调制格式中该基准归一化功率的概率分布; 根据在该基准调制格式条件下 预设的任一功率备选范围, 确定满足公式 # / ίΑ = 0时的 作为在该功率 备 选 范 围 内 确 定 的 功 率 临 界 值 , 其 中 , f =∑ )[ ^ ( )du\ + X [p(Ej ) wJ (u)du)] , 为确定的小于该功率 th j 备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率, 为理想状态下该基准调制 格式中出现功率为 Et的符号的概率, ^为确定的大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率, 为理想状态下该基准调制格式中出现功率 Wj(u) = 声功
Figure imgf000011_0001
率, 1。()为第一类修正贝塞尔函数, Wl(u)为确定的该基准调制格式中小于该 功率备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件 下的概率分布, Wj(u)为确定的该基准调制格式中大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件下的概率分布;根据确 定的每个功率临界值预设功率范围。
结合第三种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现方式中, 所述功率范 围设置模块具体用于, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时,预设的 功率备选范围为 (0.2, 1.0) 和 (1.0, 1.8 ); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (1.8, 2.0)和(2.1, 2.3); 当预先 选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (0.1, 0.5)、 (0.5, 0.9)和(0.9, 1.3); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (0.8, 1.2)、 (0.6, 0.8)和 ( 1.2, 1.4)。
结合第四种可能的实现方式, 在第五种可能的实现方式中, 所述功率范 围设置模块具体用于, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时,将在功 率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第一临界值 Pthl, 将功率备 选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第二临界值 Pth2, 预设功率范围 为 [PtM,Pth2]、 (-∞, Pthl)、 (Pth2,+∞); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM 格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (1.8, 2.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第三临界值 Pth3,将功率备选范围(2.1, 2.3)内确定的功率临界值作为第四临界值 Pth4, 预设功率范围为 [Pth4, +∞)、 [Pth3, Pth4); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM 格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.1, 0.5) 内确定的功率临界值作为第五临界值 Pth5,将功率备选范围(0.5, 0.9)内确定的功率临界值作为第六临界值 Pth6, 将功率备选范围 (0.9, 1.3) 内确定的功率临界值作为第七临界值 Pth7, 预设 功率范围为 [Pth5, Pth6]、 (-∞, Pth5)、 (Pth6, Pth7]; 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.8, 1.2) 内确定的功率临界值作为第 八临界值 Pth8和第九临界值 Pth9, Pth8小于 Pth9, 将功率备选范围(0.6, 0.8) 内确定的功率临界值作为第十临界值 PthlO, 将功率备选范围 (1.2, 1.4) 内 确定的功率临界值作为第十一临界值 Pthl 1 , 预设功率范围为 [Pth8, Ptl©:、 [PthlO, Pthll]。
结合第五种可能的实现方式, 在第六种可能的实现方式中, 所述特征确 定模块具体用于, 采用公式 Ratiol = ^ P([Pthl,Pth2]) _确定所述正交调制信
P((-∞,Pthl],(Pth2,+∞)) 号相对于基准调制格式 16QAM 的第一功率分布特征值 Ratiol, 其中,
P([Pthl, Pth2])为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pthl, Pth2]内的概 率, P((-∞,Pthl],pth ∞ 为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在
(-∞,Pthl或(Pth2,+∞)内的概率; 采用公式 Rati。2= P([Pth4+∞))确定所述正交调
P([Pth3,Pth4)) 制信号相对于基准调制格式 256QAM 的第二功率分布特征值 Ratio2, 其中,
P([Pth4, +∞))为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth4,+∞ )内的概 率, P([Pth3,Pth4))为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth3,Pth4)内 的概率;采用公式 Rati。3 =—— P([Pth5,Pth6])——确定所述正交调制信号相对于
P((-∞,Pth5),(Pth6,Pth7]) 基准调制格式 32QAM的第三功率分布特征值 Ratio3, 其中, P([Pth5,Pth6])为 所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth5,Pth6]内的概率, P((-∞,Pth5)) 为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-∞,Pth5)内的概率,
P((Pth6,Pth7])为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(Pth6,Pth7]内的既 率; 采用公式 Rati。4 = P([Pth8Pth9]) 确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准调制格
P ([PthlO, Pthl 1]) 式 64QAM的第四功率分布特征值 Ratio4 , 其中, P([Pth8,Pth9])为所述正交调 制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth8, Pth9]内的概率, P([PthlO, Pthll])为所述正 交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [PthlO, Pthl l]内的概率。
结合第六种可能的实现方式, 在第七种可能的实现方式中, 门限设置模 块, 用于预设使 P(A(tM)|A)2+ P(B(tM)B)的值最大的第一门限值 Μ , 其中:
P(A(thl)| )为当已知 A信号为 QPSK格式的信号时, A信号的 Ratiol不小于 thl的 概率; P(B(thl)|B)为当已知 B信号不是 QPSK格式的信号时, B信号的 Ratiol小 于 1的概率; 预设使 P (维 2)|Α)2+ Ρ(Β )Β)的值最大的第二门限值 th2 , 其中:
P(A(th2)|A)为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式或 64QAM格式的信号、 且 A信 号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, A信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2的概率; P(B(th2)|B)为当已知 B信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格式或 16QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的
Ratio 、于 1时, B信号的 Rati02小于 th2的概率;预设使 Z^}^^ ^ 的值最大的第三门限值 th3, 其中: P(A(th3)| )为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格 式的信号、 且 A信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio4不小于 th3的概率; P(B(th3)|B)为当已知 B信号为 64QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时, B信号的 Ratio4小于 th3 的概率; 预设使 P(Afth4)|A)2+ lWh4)B)的值最大的第四门限值 tM , 其中:
P(A(th4)|A)为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格式的信号、 且 A信 号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2 'J、于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4的概 率; P(B(th4)|B)为当已知 B信号为 16QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B 信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, B 信号的 Ratio3小于 th4的概率; 预设使
P (A(th5)lA)2 + P(B(th5)B)的值最大的第五门限值 th5 , 其中: P(^h5)|A)为当已知
A信号为 32QAM格式的信号、 且 A信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小 于 th2、 A 信号的 RaticS不小于 th4时, A 信号的 Ratio3不小于 th5的概率; P(B(th5) \B)为当已知 B信号为 128QAM格式的信号、且 B信号的 Ratio\小于 M、
B信号的 Ratio 小于 t/?2、 B信号的 Ratio2不小于 tM时, B信号的 Ratio2小于 ϋή 的概率。
结合第七种可能的实现方式, 在第八种可能的实现方式中, 所述识别模 块具体用于, 当所述 Ratol不小于 tM时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 QPSK格式; 当所述 Rat ol小于 tM、且 Ratio!不小于 t/?2、且 Ratio 不小于 时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 256QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 tM、 且 Rat 02不小于 t/?2、 且 Rat 04小于 t/β时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式 为 64QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 M、 . Ratio!小于 th2、 3- Ratio3不小于 ih4、 且 Rat 03不小于 t/?5时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 32QAM格式; 当 所述 。1小于 tM、且 Ratio!小于 t/?2、且 Ratio3不小于 t/?4、且 Ratio3 '}、于 th5时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 128QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 tM、 且 Rat 02小于 t/?2、 且 Rat 03小于 tM时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 16QAM格式。
第三方面, 提供一种数字信号处理器, 包括如第二方面或第二方面的第 一〜八种任一可能的实现方式提供的识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置。
第四方面, 提供一种接收机, 包括如第二方面或第二方面的第一〜八种任 一可能的实现方式提供的识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置。
本发明实施例提供一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法及装置, 确 定接收的正交调制信号的符号序列中多个符号各自的归一化功率, 并确定该 多个符号的归一化功率落在每个预设的功率范围内的概率, 据此确定该正交 调制信号的功率分布特征值, 根据确定的功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限 值的比较结果确定该正交调制信号的调制格式。 上述方法可避免频偏和相位 噪声对识别结果的影响, 应用在诸如 EON等具有较大频偏和相位噪声的系统 中可有效提高识别信号调制格式的准确性。 附图说明 图 1为本发明实施例提供的调制格式的识别过程;
图 2为本发明实施例提供的预设功率范围的过程;
图 3 为本发明实施例提供的理想状态下 QPSK格式、 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式这六种调制格式 中符号的基准归一化功率的概率分布示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例提供的在一定的光信噪比条件下 16QAM格式中各符 号的实际归一化功率的概率分布示意图;
图 5 为本发明实施例提供的根据调制信号的功率分布特征值与预设的各 门限值的比较结果确定该调制信号的调制格式的详细过程;
图 6A~® 6D为本发明实施例提供的基于图 5的识别方法的仿真效果图; 图 7 为本发明实施例提供的识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置结构示 意图;
图 8为本发明实施例提供的相干接收机结构示意图;
图 9为本发明实施例提供的识别正交调制信号的调制格式的识别装置硬 件结构示意图。 具体实施方式
由于在不同的调制格式中, 符号功率的概率分布有明显不同, 因此, 为 了避免频偏和相位噪声对识别调制格式的影响, 本发明实施例中根据接收的 正交调制信号中各符号的归一化功率的概率分布, 对该正交调制信号的调制 格式进行识别, 该方法对频偏和相位噪声不敏感, 应用于诸如 EON等具有较 大频偏和相位噪声的系统中时, 可有效提高识别调制格式的准确性。
下面结合说明书附图, 对本发明实施例进行详细描述。
图 1为本发明实施例提供的调制格式的识别过程, 具体包括以下步骤: S101 : 对接收的正交调制信号的符号序列进行功率归一化处理, 得到符 号序列所包含的多个符号各自的归一化功率。
在本发明实施例中, 接收机接收到未知调制格式的正交调制信号后, 可 先确定该正交调制信号的符号序列中包含的多个符号的功率, 并根据该正交 调制信号的符号序列中包含的多个符号的功率, 确定该多个符号的归一化功 具体的, 确定该正交调制信号中每个符号的归一化功率的方法可以为: 根据该正交调制信号的符号序列中包含的多个符号的功率, 确定该多个符号 的功率平均值, 针对该符号序列中包含的每个符号, 确定该符号的功率与该 功率平均值的比值, 作为该符号的归一化功率。
例如, 支设接收到的正交调制信号的符号序列中第 n个符号为 I(n) , 则可 确定每个符号的功率 abs(I(n))2 , η = 1,2,3. · ., 再确定各符号的功率平均值 mean[abs(I(n))2] , 针对第 n个符号 Ι(η) , 确定其归一化功率为 ~ 2
mean[abs(I(n)) ] 其中, 如果接收到的正交调制信号为复数信号, 则该正交调制信号中每个符 号的功率 abS(I(n))2 = I2 +Q2 , I为复数信号的实部, Q为复数信号的虚部。
S102: 根据确定的该多个符号的归一化功率, 确定该多个符号的归一化 功率落在预设的多个功率范围内的概率。
在本发明实施例中, 上述预设的多个功率范围是根据预先选择的多个基 准调制格式设定的, 也即, 可预先在各调制格式中选择出多个基准调制格式, 并针对每个基准调制格式预设多个功率范围, 通过上述步骤 S101确定了接收 到的正交调制信号中每个符号的归一化功率后, 可针对预设的多个功率范围, 确定该正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在该功率范围内的概率。
具体的, 针对某个预设的功率范围确定该正交调制信号中符号的归一化 功率落在该功率范围内的概率时, 可先确定该正交调制信号中归一化功率落 在该功率范围内的符号的数量, 再将该数量与该正交调制信号的符号序列中 所有符号的总数的比值确定为该正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在该功 具体的, 可根据该多个符号的归一化功率落在多个功率范围内的概率的 比值, 确定正交调制信号的功率分布特征值。 进一步的, 由于上述多个功率 范围是针对每个选择出的基准调制格式设定的, 因此, 在确定该正交调制信 号的功率分布特征值时, 可针对预设的每个基准调制格式, 根据多个符号的 归一化功率落在针对该基准调制格式预设的各功率范围内的概率的比值, 确 定该正交调制信号相对于该基准调制格式的功率分布特征值。
S104: 将确定的该功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进行比较, 根据 比较结果确定该正交调制信号的调制格式。
在本发明实施例中, 可预设多个门限值, 并根据步骤 S102分别针对每个 功率范围确定的概率, 采用预设的方法确定该正交调制信号的功率分布特征 值, 根据确定的功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值的比较结果识别该正交 调制信号的调制格式。
进一步的, 本发明实施例中所述的调制格式包括四相相移键控
( Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, QPSK )格式、 16正交幅度调制( Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM )格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM 格式、 256QAM格式, 也就是说, 在图 1所示的识别过程中, 接收到的正交 调制信号的调制格式为 QPSK格式、 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM 格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式中的一种。
当然, 除上述调制格式以外, 本发明实施例提供的识别方法还可应用于 其他调制格式,下面仅以识别 QPSK格式、 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM 格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式为例进行说明。
由于在图 1所示的步骤 S102中, 接收机需要针对预设的每个功率范围, 确定接收到的调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在该功率范围内的概率, 也就 是说, 本发明实施例中需要预设多个功率范围。 而对于 QPSK格式、 16 QAM 格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式这六种调 制格式而言, 这些调制格式中的符号的归一化功率的概率分布有明显的区别, 因此, 可根据这些调制格式中符号的归一化功率的概率分布的区别预设功率 范围。 具体的预设功率范围的过程可以如图 2所示。
图 2为本发明实施例提供的预设功率范围的过程, 具体包括以下步骤: S201 : 预先在各调制格式中选择出多个基准调制格式, 并根据选择的每 个基准调制格式预设多个功率备选范围。
在本发明实施例中, 可在各调制格式中预先选择多个调制格式作为基准 调制格式, 并可针对每个选择的基准调制格式预设若干个功率备选范围, 在 预设功率备选范围时, 可基于各调制格式在归一化功率的概率分布上的区别 进行设定。
S202: 根据选择的任一基准调制格式, 确定在无光噪声情况下该基准调 制格式中各符号的基准归一化功率。
具体的, 在确定无光噪声情况下某个基准调制格式中各符号的基准归一 化功率时, 可确定无光噪声情况下该基准调制格式中包含的每个符号的功率, 并确定无光噪声情况下该基准调制格式中包含的每个符号的功率的平均值, 再针对每个符号, 将该符号的功率与该平均值的比值作为该符号的基准归一 化功率。
例如, 假设选择了 QPSK格式为基准调制格式, 则由于 QPSK格式中共 包含四个符号, 每个符号的功率都相同, 因此, QPSK格式中每个符号的归一 化功率都为 1。 也就是说, 在无光噪声情况下, 如果接收到的正交调制信号的 调制格式是 QPSK格式, 那么该正交调制信号中出现的符号的归一化功率就 是该符号的基准归一化功率 1 ,但由于实际应用中存在噪声, 因此实际应用中 该符号的归一化功率会在 1附近浮动。
S203: 根据确定的任一基准归一化功率, 在预设的光信噪比条件下确定 该基准调制格式中该基准归一化功率的概率分布。
在一定的光信噪比条件下, 基准调制格式中每个符号的归一化功率是在 基准归一化功率附近浮动的, 而对于 QPSK格式、 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格 式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式这六种调制格式来说, 这些 调制格式中的符号都是复数信号, 其复数信号中的实部 I和虚部 Q在一定的 信噪比条件下所受到的噪声干扰均可近似为加性高斯白噪声。
假设将基准调制格式中某个符号的基准归一化功率记为 V2 , 该符号的实 部 I在理想状态下为 ul , 虚部 Q在理想状态下为 u2 , 则 V 2 = ul2 +u22
而由于该符号的实部 I和虚部 Q在一定的信噪比条件下所受到的噪声干 扰为加性高斯白噪声, 因此, 该符号的实部 I和虚部 Q在一定的光信噪比条 件下的概率分布是两个独立的高斯分布, 这两个独立的高斯分布的均值记为 ul和 u2 , 方差为 σ2 , 实际上方差 σ2就是在该光信噪比条件下的噪声功率, σ2 的取值与光信噪比有关, 一定光信噪比条件下的噪声功率 σ 2也是一定的。 一 般的,光信噪比与噪声功率 σ2满足 OSNR = E(s2 2) Symb0lRate的关系,其中, OSNR
2σ 12.5e9
为光信噪比, E(s2)为信号功率, 而且 E(s2)是一个定值, SymbolRate是符号率, 一般 S mbolRate为 32Gs/s。
进一步的,由于该符号的归一化功率 u为该符号的实部 I和虚部 Q的平方 和, 而实部 I和虚部 Q是两个独立的、 以 ul和 U2为均值、 以 σ2为方差的高斯 分布, 因此, 该符号的归一化功率 u的概率分布 w(u)实际上是一个非中心;^分
, 其中, ι。()为第一类修正贝塞 4
Figure imgf000019_0001
上述 w(u) = 2σ 1 的含义即为: 一个基准归一化功率为 的符号在该光信噪比条件下的实际归一化功率为 u时的概率为 w(u)。
通过上述方法, 在通过步骤 S202确定了基准调制格式中各符号的基准归 一化功率 V2后,可根据预设的光信噪比 OSNR ,采用公式 OSNR = E(s2 2) ^ο1Κ ϊ£
2σ 12.5e9 确定该预设的光信噪比条件下的噪声功率 σ2 , 并针对每个基准归一化功率 V2 , 确定在该预设的光信噪比条件下该基准调制格式中该基准归一化功率的概率 分布就是
Figure imgf000020_0001
S204: 根据在该基准调制格式条件下预设的任一功率备选范围, 确定满 足公式 df I duth = 0时的 uth作为在该功率备选范围内确定的功率临界值。
在本发明实施例中, 针对选择的某个基准调制格式, 可在针对该基准调 制格式预设的每个功率备选范围内确定功率临界值。 其中, f =∑[ P(Ei)l+ ^ (^du] + ^ [ pCE j11* Wj C^du)] , 为确定的
i ¾ j 小于该功率备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率, P(Ei)为理想状态下 该基准调制格式中出现功率为 ^的符号的概率, Ε」为确定的大于该功率备选 范围内最大值的第 j个基准归一化功率, p(Ej )为理想状态下该基准调制格式
Wj (u) = 功
Figure imgf000020_0002
率, 1。()为第一类修正贝塞尔函数, Wl(u)为确定的该基准调制格式中小于该 功率备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件 下的概率分布, Wj(u)为确定的该基准调制格式中大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件下的概率分布。
进一步的, 还可预设多种不同的光信噪比条件, 在以某个调制格式为基 准调制格式、 并在某个预设的功率备选范围内确定了功率临界值时, 可分别 在预设的多种不同的光信噪比条件下, 确定功率临界值, 并将在不同光信噪 比条件下确定出的各功率临界值的均值, 重新确定为功率临界值。
S205: 根据确定的每个功率临界值预设功率范围。
确定了功率临界值后, 则可根据确定的各功率临界值预设功率范围, 如, 将某两个功率临界值之间的范围确定为预设的功率范围, 或将正 /负无穷到某 个功率临界值的范围确定为预设的功率范围。
下面以 QPSK格式、 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM 格式、 256QAM格式这六种调制格式说明如图 2所示的功率范围预设过程。
由于本发明实施例的目的是要基于不同调制格式的符号在归一化功率的 概率分布上的区别, 来识别出正交调制信号的调制格式, 因此, 需要找出上 述这六种调制格式中符号的归一化功率的概率分布的区别, 下面以图 3 为例 说明上述六种调制格式中符号的归一化功率的概率分布的区别, 如图 3所示。
图 3为本发明实施例提供的无光噪声情况下 QPSK格式、 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式这六种调制格式 中符号的基准归一化功率的概率分布示意图。 图 3 中横坐标轴为基准归一化 功率, 纵坐标轴为 4既率, 以 2000代表 4既率为 100%。
区别一、 由图 3可以看出, 在无光噪声情况下, 相比于 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式这五种调制格式, QPSK格式的符号的基准归一化功率只有数值 1这一种,也就是说,在一定的 光信噪比条件下, QPSK格式中的符号的归一化功率主要集中在数值 1附近, 而其他五种调制格式则不然。 因此, 本发明实施例中基于该区别一来区分 QPSK格式与其他五种调制格式。基于这样的思路, 本发明实施例中可在数值 1附近确定若干个功率临界值, 并基于这些功率临界值预设功率范围。
基于区别一预设功率范围的方法具体如下:
由图 3可以看出, 16QAM格式中符号的基准归一化功率的概率分布在数 值 1附近较为松散, 便于在数值 1附近确定功率临界值, 因此, 选择 16QAM 格式为基准调制格式。
选择了 16QAM格式为基准调制格式后,可基于 16QAM格式中各符号在 一定光信噪比条件下的归一化功率的概率分布, 在数值 1 的左右两侧, 也即 在小于数值 1 的范围和大于数值 1 的范围各选择一个功率临界点, 而由图 3 可以看出, 在理想状态下, 16QAM 格式中符号的基准归一化功率为 0.2、 1 和 1.8, 因此, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时, 可将(0.2, 1.0 ) 和(1.0, 1.8 )这两个范围作为预设的功率备选范围, 并在这两个功率备选范 围内确定功率临界值。
图 4为本发明实施例提供的在一定的光信噪比条件下 16QAM格式中各符 号的实际归一化功率的概率分布示意图。 由图 4 可以看出, 在一定的光信噪 比条件下, 16QAM格式中基准归一化功率为 0.2的符号的实际归一化功率的 概率分布,与基准归一化功率为 1.0的符号的实际归一化功率的概率分布有交 叉,基准归一化功率为 1.0的符号的实际归一化功率的概率分布, 与基准归一 化功率为 1.8的符号的实际归一化功率的概率分布也有交叉,这也就意味着在 一定的光信噪比条件下,基准归一化功率为 0.2的符号可能会被错判为基准归 一化功率为 1.0的符号, 基准归一化功率为 1.0的符号可能会被错判为基准归 一化功率为 1.8的符号, 因此, 在确定功率临界值时需要将这种错判的概率降 至最低。
从而,假设在功率备选范围(0.2, 1.0 )内任选一个值作为功率临界值 , 则 出 现 上 述 错 判 的 概 率 为 f =∑ [p(Et )f w} u)du\ +∑ [p(Ej )仁 wJ (u)du) =
' "Λ j
(·+∞ ruth f uth ' 中, E ― 0.2 , p(Ex ) wx (u)du + p{E2) \ w2 (u)du + p(E3 ) w3 (u)du
J -00 J-
E2 = 1.0 , £3 = 1.8。 而由图 4可以看出, 在一定的光信噪比条件下, 16QAM格式中基准归一 化功率为 1.8的符号的实际归一化功率落在功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0 ) 内的概 率已经非常小, 几乎为 0 , 因此, 上述错判的概率公式可以简化为: f =∑ [p(Et )f w} u)du\ +∑ [p(Ej ) J: wJ (u)du) =
' "Λ j
(·+∞ ruth °
p(Ex ) wx(u)du + p{E2) \ w2(u)du 可见, 上述错判的概率/是以 为自变量的一个函数, 要使上述错判的 概率/最小, 只要令 的取值为使 =o时的值即可, 因此, 在功率 备选范围(0.2, 1.0 )内确定功率临界值时,只要确定满足 = 0时的 作为在该功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0 ) 内确定的功率临界值即可。
进 一 步 的 , 为 了 减 少 计 算 量 , 上 述 计 算
PiE,)] w^du + piE w20)i w时,可釆用步进为设定步长的离散积分 运算,如步长可以为 0.1 ,以避免由连续积分运算而带来的计算量过大的问题。 其中, 该设定步长可根据需要进行设定, 若为了尽量减小积分的计算量, 则 可将设定步长设定的较大, 若为了提高后续识别调制格式的准确性, 则可将 设定步长设定的较小。
进一步的,由于在符号率为 32Gs/s时 16QAM格式的信号在误码率为 2e-2 时可能的光信噪比范围为 17~22dB,因此,可预设光信噪比条件为 17dB、18dB、 19dB、 20dB、 21dB、 22dB, 并分别在这六个信噪比条件下, 釆用上述方法在 功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0 ) 内确定功率临界值, 最后将确定出的六个功率临界 值的平均值重新作为在功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0 ) 内确定出的功率临界值。
类似的, 可在功率备选范围 (1.0, 1.8 ) 内也确定出一个功率临界值。 将以基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时, 在功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0 ) 内确 定的功率临界值作为第一临界值 ^l , 将功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0 ) 内确定的 功率临界值作为第二临界值 经上述计算后, pth\为 0.6, p 1.4, 如图 3中 QPSK的基准归一化功率的概率分布坐标中两条虚线或图 4中两条 虚线所示。预设功率范围可以为 [ Μ,7^2]、 (-∞,PtM)、 (7^2,+∞) ,也即, [0.4, 1.6]、
(_∞, 0.4)、 (1.6,+∞)。
至此, 由区别一已经可以区分出 QPSK格式与其他五种调制格式。
区别二、 由图 3可以看出, 在无光噪声情况下, 相比于 16QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 128QAM格式这三种调制格式, 只有 64QAM格式和 256QAM 格式这两种调制格式的符号的基准归一化功率在大于 2.2 的范围内有概率分 布, 因此, 本发明实施例基于该区别二来区分一个调制信号的调制格式是
16QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 128QAM格式这三种调制格式中的一种, 还是 64QAM格式和 256QAM格式这两种调制格式中的一种。 基于这样的思路, 本发明实施例中可在数值 2.2附近确定若干个功率临界值,并基于这些功率临 界值预设功率范围。
基于区别二预设功率范围的方法具体如下:
由图 3可以看出, 256QAM格式中符号的基准归一化功率的概率分布在 数值 2.2附近的分布较为松散, 便于在数值 2.2附近确定功率临界值, 因此, 选择 256QAM格式为基准调制格式。
选择了 256QAM格式为基准调制格式后,可基于 256QAM格式中各符号 在一定光信噪比条件下的归一化功率的概率分布, 在数值 2.2的左右两侧, 也 即在小于数值 2.2的范围和大于数值 2.2的范围各选择一个功率临界点, 而由 图 3可以看出, 在理想状态下, 256QAM格式中符号的基准归一化功率在 2.2 两侧的是 1.8、 2.0、 2.1和 2.3 , 因此, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM 格式时, 可将(1.8 , 2.0 )和(2.1 , 2.3 )这两个范围作为预设的功率备选范 围, 并在这两个功率备选范围内确定功率临界值。
同样的, 在功率备选范围 (1.8 , 2.0 )和(2.1 , 2.3 ) 内确定功率临界值 时,均可基于公式 f =∑[P(E i )J*u +∞w i (u)du] +∑[P(Ej )j: wj (u)du)]确定错
i ¾ j 判的概率, 并确定满足 df I duth = 0时的 uth作为在相应的功率备选范围内确 定的功率临界值。
进一步的, 由于在符号率为 32Gs/s 时 256QAM格式的信号在误码率为 2e-2时可能的光信噪比范围为 28~33dB , 因此,可预设光信噪比条件为 28dB、 29dB、 30dB、 31dB、 32dB、 33dB , 并分别在这六个信噪比条件下, 采用上述 方法在功率备选范围 (1.8 , 2.0 )和(2.1 , 2.3 ) 内确定功率临界值, 最后将 确定出的六个功率临界值的平均值重新作为在相应的功率备选范围内确定出 的功率临界值。
将以基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时, 在功率备选范围(1.8, 2.0 )内确 定的功率临界值作为第三临界值 Pth3 , 将功率备选范围 (2.1 , 2.3 ) 内确定的 功率临界值作为第四临界值 Pth4 , 经上述计算后, Pth3为 1.9, Pth4为 2.2, 如图 3中 64QAM和 256QAM的基准归一化功率的概率分布坐标中最右侧的 两条虚线所示。 预设功率范围可以为 [Pth4,+∞)、 [Pth3, Pth4) , 也即, [2.2,+∞)、 [1.9,2.2)。
至此, 由区别二已经可以区分出一个调制信号的调制格式是 16QAM格 式、 32QAM格式、 128QAM格式这三种调制格式中的一种, 还是 64QAM格 式和 256QAM格式这两种调制格式中的一种。
区别三、 由图 3可以看出, 对于 16QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 128QAM 格式这三种调制格式来说, 在基准归一化功率为 0~1.2的范围内, 32QAM格 式中符号的基准归一化功率在数值 0.5附近的概率约为 1/2, 128QAM格式中 符号的基准归一化功率在数值 0.5附近的概率约为 1/4, 而 16QAM格式中符 号的基准归一化功率在数值 0.5附近的概率几乎为 0, 因此, 本发明实施例中 基于区别三来区分 16QAM格式、 32QAM格式和 128QAM格式。基于这样的 思路, 本发明实施例中可在数值 0.5附近和数值 1.2附近确定若干个功率临界 值, 并基于这些功率临界值预设功率范围。
基于区别三预设功率范围的方法具体如下:
由图 3可以看出, 32QAM格式中符号的基准归一化功率的概率分布在数 值 0.5和 1.2附近的分布较为松散, 便于在数值 0.5和 1.2附近确定功率临界 值, 因此, 选择 32QAM格式为基准调制格式。
选择了 32QAM格式为基准调制格式后,可基于 32QAM格式中各符号在 一定光信噪比条件下的归一化功率的概率分布,在数值 0.5的左右两侧和数值 1.2附近, 也即在小于数值 0.5的范围、 大于数值 0.5的范围以及数值 1.2附近 各选择一个功率临界点, 而由图 3可以看出, 在理想状态下, 32QAM格式中 符号的基准归一化功率在 0.5两侧的是 0.1和 0.9, 在 1.2两侧的是 0.9和 1.3, 因此, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 可将(0.1, 0.5)、 (0.5, 0.9)和(0.9, 1.3)这三个范围作为预设的功率备选范围, 并在这三个功率备 选范围内确定功率临界值。
同样的, 在功率备选范围 (0.1, 0.5)、 (0.5, 0.9)和(0.9, 1.3) 内确定 功 率 临 界 值 时 , 均 可 基 于 公 式 f =2^( )广\¥»^] + ^^(^)]*¾\¥」(11)^)]确定错判的概率,并确定 满足 df I duth = 0时的 uth作为在相应的功率备选范围内确定的功率临界值。
进一步的,由于在符号率为 32Gs/s时 32QAM格式的信号在误码率为 2e-2 时可能的光信噪比范围为 20~25dB,因此,可预设光信噪比条件为 20dB、21dB、 22dB、 23dB、 24dB、 25dB, 并分别在这六个信噪比条件下, 采用上述方法在 功率备选范围 (0.1, 0.5)、 (0.5, 0.9)和(0.9, 1.3) 内确定功率临界值, 最 后将确定出的六个功率临界值的平均值重新作为在相应的功率备选范围内确 定出的功率临界值。
将以基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 在功率备选范围 (0.1, 0.5) 内确 定的功率临界值作为第五临界值 Pth5, 将功率备选范围 (0.5, 0.9) 内确定的 功率临界值作为第六临界值 Pth6, 将功率备选范围 (0.9, 1.3) 内确定的功率 临界值作为第七临界值 Pth7 , 经上述计算后, Pth5为 0.4, Pth6为 0.8, Pth7为 1.2, 如图 3中 16QAM、 32QAM和 128QAM的基准归一化功率的概率分布坐 标中的三条虚线所示。预设功率范围可以为 [Pth5,Pth6]、(-∞,Pth5)、 (Pth6,Pth7], 也即, [0.4,0.8]、 (-∞,0.4), (0.8,1.2]。
至此, 由区别三已经可以区分出 16QAM格式、 32QAM格式和 128QAM 格式。
区别四、 由图 3可以看出, 对于 64QAM格式和 256QAM格式这两种格 式来说, 在基准归一化功率为 0.8~1.3的范围内, 64QAM格式中符号的基准 归一化功率在数值 1.0附近的概率几乎为 0, 256QAM格式中符号的基准归一 化功率在数值 1.0附近的概率约为 1/2, 因此, 本发明实施例中基于区别四来 区分 64QAM格式和 256QAM格式。 基于这样的思路, 本发明实施例中可在 数值 1.0附近、 数值 0.8附近和数值 1.3附近确定若干个功率临界值, 并基于 这些功率临界值预设功率范围。
基于区别四预设功率范围的方法具体如下:
由图 3可以看出, 64QAM格式中符号的基准归一化功率的概率分布在数 值 0.8、 1.0、 1.3附近的分布较为松散, 便于在数值 0.8、 1.0、 1.3附近确定功 率临界值, 因此, 选择 64QAM格式为基准调制格式。
选择了 64QAM格式为基准调制格式后,可基于 64QAM格式中各符号在 一定光信噪比条件下的归一化功率的概率分布, 在数值 1.0的左右两侧、数值 0.8附近和数值 1.3附近, 也即在小于数值 1.0的范围、 大于数值 1.0的范围以 及数值 1.2附近和数值 1.3附近各选择一个功率临界点, 而由图 3可以看出, 在理想状态下, 64QAM格式中符号的基准归一化功率在 1.0两侧的是 0.8和 1.2, 在 0.8两侧的是 0.6和 0.8, 在 1.3两侧的是 1.2和 1.4, 因此, 当预先选 择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 可将(0.8, 1.2 )、 ( 0.6, 0.8 )和(1.2, 1.4 ) 这三个范围作为预设的功率备选范围, 并在这三个功率备选范围内确定 功率临界值。
同样的, 在功率备选范围 (0.8, 1.2 )、 (0.6, 0.8 )和(1.2, 1.4 ) 内确定 功 率 临 界 值 时 , 均 可 基 于 公 式 并确定
Figure imgf000027_0001
满足 df I duth = 0时的 uth作为在相应的功率备选范围内确定的功率临界值。
略有不同的是, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时,在功率备 选范围 (0.8, 1.2 ) 内采用上述方法可确定出两个功率临界值, 也即, 在功率 备选范围 (0.8, 1.2 ) 内可确定出两个满足 df / duth = 0时的 uth , 这两个值都 是确定出的功率临界值。
进一步的,由于在符号率为 32Gs/s时 64QAM格式的信号在误码率为 2e-2 时可能的光信噪比范围为 22~27dB,因此,可预设光信噪比条件为 22dB、23dB、 24dB、 25dB、 26dB、 27dB, 并分别在这六个信噪比条件下, 采用上述方法在 功率备选范围 (0.8, 1.2)、 (0.6, 0.8 )和(1.2, 1.4) 内确定功率临界值, 最 后将确定出的六个功率临界值的平均值重新作为在相应的功率备选范围内确 定出的功率临界值。
将以基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 在功率备选范围 (0.8, 1.2) 内确 定的两个功率临界值作为第八临界值 Pth8和第九临界值 Pth9,其中, Pth8小于 Pth9,将功率备选范围(0.6, 0.8)内确定的功率临界值作为第十临界值 PthlO, 将功率备选范围(1.2, 1.4) 内确定的功率临界值作为第十一临界值 Pthll, 经 上述计算后, Pth8为 0.9, Pth9为 1.1, PthlO为 0.8, Pthll为 1.3, 如图 3 中 64QAM和 256QAM的基准归一化功率的概率分布坐标中最左侧的四条虚线 所示。 预设功率范围可以为 [Pth8,Pth9]、 [PthlO, Pthll], 也即, [0.9,1.1]、 [0.8,1.3]。
至此, 由区别四已经可以区分出 64QAM格式和 256QAM格式。
上述确定出的 Pthl~Pthll还可根据需要进行 ±0.1的微调, 以方便后续的 识别。
在本发明实施例中, 基于上述四个区别预设出上述若干个功率范围后, 在通过如图 1所示的方法识别通过步骤 S101接收到的正交调制信号的调制格 式时, 还要基于预设的上述若干个功率范围, 通过步骤 S103确定该正交调制 信号的功率分布特征值, 也即, 量化出接收到的正交调制信号在上述四种区 别中的特征值。
在本发明实施例中, 量化接收到的正交调制信号在上述四种区别中的特 征值的方法可以为: 针对预设的每个基准调制格式, 根据该正交调制信号的 符号序列中包含的多个符号的归一化功率落在针对该基准调制格式预设的个 功率范围内的概率的比值, 确定该正交调制信号相对于该基准调制格式的额 功率分布特征值。
具体的, 针对预设的基准调制格式 16QAM , 可采用公式
Ratiol = ^ P([Pthl,Pth2]) _确定该正交调制信号相对于基准调制格式
P((-∞,Pthl],(Pth2,+∞))
16QAM的第一功率分布特征值 Ratiol, 其中, P([Pthl,Pth2])为所述正交调制信 号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pthl,Pth2]内的概率, P((-∞,Pthl],(Pth2,+∞))为所述 正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-∞,Pthl]或(Pth2,+∞)内的概率;
针对预设的基准调制格式 256QAM, 可采用公式 Rati。2= P([Pth4+∞》确
P([Pth3, Pth4)) 定该正交调制信号相对于基准调制格式 256QAM 的第二功率分布特征值 Ratio2 , 其中, P([Pth4,+∞):为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth4,+∞)内的概率, P([Pth3,Pth4))为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落 在 [Pth3,Pth4)内的 ^既率;
针 对 预 设 的 基 准 调 制 格 式 32QAM , 可 采 用 公 式
RatioS = Ρ1[ ,r,
P((-oo, Pth5), (Pth6, Pth7])确定该正交调制信号相对于基准调制格式
32QAM的第三功率分布特征值 Ratio3,其中, P([Pth5,Pth6])为所述正交调制信 号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth5,Pth6]内的既率, P((-∞,Pth5))为所述正交调制 信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-∞,Pth5)内的既率, P((Pth6,Pth7])为所述正交调 制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(Pth6,Pth7]内的概率;
针对预设的基准调制格式 64QAM, 可采用公式 Ratio4= P([Pth8Pth9]) 确 γ P([PtM0,Pthll]) 定该正交调制信号相对于基准调制格式 64QAM 的第四功率分布特征值
Ratio4 , 其中, P([Pth8,Ptl©]:为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在
[Pth8,Pth9]内的概率, P([PthlO,Pthll])为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率 落在 [PthlO, Pthl 1]内的概率。
在本发明实施例中,针对接收到的调制信号确定了 Ratiol、 Ratio2、 Ratio3、
Ratio4这四个功率分布特征值后, 则可通过如图 1所示的步骤 S104将各功率 分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进行比较, 并根据比较结果识别该调制信号 的调制格式。
进一步的, 本发明实施例中可采用以下方法预设多个门限值:
预设使 P (维 l)|A)2+ P(B(tM)B)的值最大的第一门限值 Μ , 其中:
P(A(thl)| )为当已知 A信号为 QPSK格式的信号时, A信号的 Ratiol不小 于 thl的概率;
P(B(thl)|B)为当已知 B信号不是 QPSK格式的信号时, B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl的概率;
预设使 P (维 2) |A)2+ P陣 的值最大的第二门限值 th2 , 其中:
P(A(th2)|A)为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式或 64QAM格式的信号、且 A 信号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, A信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2的概率;
P(B(th2)|B)为当已知 B信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格式或 16QAM格 式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2的概率; 预设使 P(A(th3) |A) ÷ P(B(th3)B)的值最大的第三门限值 , 其中:
P(A(th3)| )为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio4不小于 th3的概率;
P(B(th3)|B)为当已知 B信号为 64QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时, B信号的 Ratio4小于 th3的概率;
预设使 P(^4)|A)2+ P(B(th4)B)的值最大的第四门限值 tM , 其中:
P(A(th4)|A)为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格式的信号、且 A 信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4的 概率;
P(B(th4)|B)为当已知 B信号为 16QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, B信号的 Ratio3小于 th4的概率; 预设使 P(^)|A) ÷ P(B(th5)B)的值最大的第五门限值 th5 , 其中:
P(A(th5)| )为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式的信号、 且 A信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 th2、 A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4时, A信号的 Ratio3 不小于 th5的概率;
P(B(th5)|B)为当已知 B信号为 128QAM格式的信号、且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2、 B信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4时, B信号的 Ratio3 小于 th5的概率。
也即, 本发明实施例中根据已知调制格式的调制信号的上述四个功率分 布特征值, 以及通过这四个功率分布特征值与各门限值的比较结果识别出的 调制格式的正确率, 确定使正确率最高的各门限值。 经计算, 基于上述方法 预设的五个门限值分别为: thl为 1.2, th2为 0.7, th3为 0.37, th4为 0.41 , th5 为 0.55。
采用上述方法预设了五个门限值 thl、 th2、 th3、 th4、 th5后,则在步骤 S104 中, 具体可通过如图 5所示的方法识别接收到的正交调制信号的调制格式, 如图 5所示。
图 5 为本发明实施例提供的根据调制信号的功率分布特征值与预设的各 门限值的比较结果确定该正交调制信号的调制格式的详细过程, 具体包括以 下步骤:
S 10401 : 判断 Ratiol是否不小于 thl , 若是, 则执行步骤 S 10402, 否则执 行步骤 S 10403。
S10402: 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 QPSK格式。
S 10403: 判断 Ratio2是否不小于 th2 , 若是, 则执行步骤 S 10404, 否则执 行步骤 S 10407。
S 10404: 判断 Ratio4是否不小于 th3 , 若是, 则执行步骤 S 10405 , 否则执 行步骤 S 10406。 S10405: 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 256QAM格式。
S10406: 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 64QAM格式。
S 10407: 判断 Ratio3是否不小于 th4 , 若是, 则执行步骤 S 10408, 否则执 行步骤 S 10411。
S 10408: 判断 Ratio3是否不小于 th5 , 若是, 则执行步骤 S 10409, 否则执 行步骤 S 10410。
S10409: 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 32QAM格式。
S10410: 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 128QAM格式。
S10411 : 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 16QAM格式。
图 6A~® 6D为本发明实施例提供的基于图 5的识别方法的仿真效果图。 图 6A~® 6D中的横坐标轴为光信噪比, 图 6A中的纵坐标轴为 Ratiol的值, 图 6B中的纵坐标轴为 Ratio2的值, 图 6C中的纵坐标轴为 Ratio3的值, 图 6D中 的纵坐标轴为 Ratio4的值。
由图 6A可以看出, 在光信噪比为 13~36dB的范围内, 以 1.2为第一门限 值 thl可以区分出 QPSK格式与其他五种调制格式( 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格 式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式)。当接收到的调制信号的 Ratiol 不小于 1.2时,调制信号的调制格式为 QPSK格式, 否则是其他五种调制格式 中的一种。
由图 6B可以看出, 在光信噪比为 17~36dB的范围内, 以 0.7为第二门限 值 th2可以区分出调制信号的调制格式是 64QAM格式和 256 QAM格式中的一 种, 还是 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 128QAM格式中的一种。 当接收到的 调制信号的 Ratio2不小于 0.7时, 调制信号的调制格式为 64QAM格式和 256 QAM格式中的一种, 否则是 16 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 128QAM格式中 的一种。
由图 6C可以看出, 在光信噪比为 20~36dB的范围内, 以 0.41为第四门 限值 th4可以区分出调制信号的调制格式是 32QAM格式和 128 QAM格式中的 一种, 还是 16QAM。 当接收到的调制信号的 Ratio3不小于 0.41时, 调制信号 的调制格式为 32QAM格式和 128 QAM格式中的一种,否则是 16 QAM格式。 以 0.55为第五门限值 th5可以区分出 32 QAM格式和 128 QAM格式。 当接收 到的调制信号的 Ratio3不小于 0.55时, 调制信号的调制格式为 32QAM格式, 否则是 128 QAM格式。
由图 6D可以看出, 在光信噪比为 19~36dB的范围内, 以 0.37为第三门 限值 th3可以区分出 64QAM格式和 256 QAM格式。 当接收到的调制信号的 Ratio4不小于 0.37时,调制信号的调制格式为 256QAM格式,否则是 64 QAM 格式。
因此, 本发明实施例提供的上述对 QPSK格式、 16 QAM格式、 32QAM 格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式的识别方法所适用的光信 噪比范围如表 1所示。 调制格式 QPSK 16 QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 适用的光信噪
12-36 17-36 20-36 22-36 20-36 19-36 比范围 (dB ) 表 1
由于上述识别调制格式的方法对频偏和相位噪声并不敏感, 因此在诸如 EON等具有较大频偏和相位噪声的系统中, 仍可准确的识别调制信号的调制 格式。
以上为本发明实施例提供的调制格式的识别方法, 基于同样的思路, 本 发明实施例还提供一种调制格式的识别装置, 如图 7所示。
图 7 为本发明实施例提供的识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置结构示 意图, 具体包括:
功率确定模块 701 ,用于对接收的正交调制信号的符号序列进行功率归一 化处理, 得到符号序列所包含的多个符号各自的归一化功率;
概率确定模块 702, 用于根据确定的所述多个符号的归一化功率, 确定所 述多个符号的归一化功率落在预设的多个功率范围内的概率, 其中, 所述预 设的多个功率范围是根据预先选择的多个基准调制格式设定的; 设的多个功率范围是根据预先选择的多个基准调制格式设定的; 特征确定模块 703 ,用于根据所述多个符号的归一化功率落在所述多个功 率范围内的概率的比值, 确定所述正交调制信号的功率分布特征值;
识别模块 704,用于将确定的所述功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进 行比较, 根据比较结果确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式。
所述功率确定模块 701 具体用于, 根据所述正交调制信号的符号序列中 包含的多个符号的功率, 确定所述多个符号的功率平均值; 针对所述符号序 列中包含的每个符号, 确定该符号的功率与所述功率平均值的比值, 作为该 符号的归一化功率。
所述正交调制信号的调制格式为四相相移键控 QPSK格式、 16正交幅度 调制 QAM格式、 32QAM格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格 式中的一种。
所述装置还包括:
功率范围设置模块 705,用于预先在各调制格式中选择出多个基准调制格 式, 并根据选择的每个基准调制格式预设多个功率备选范围; 根据选择的任 一基准调制格式, 确定在无光噪声情况下该基准调制格式中各符号的基准归 一化功率; 根据确定的任一基准归一化功率, 在预设的光信噪比条件下确定 该基准调制格式中该基准归一化功率的概率分布; 根据在该基准调制格式条 件下预设的任一功率备选范围, 确定满足公式 # l duth = 0时的 ^作为在该 功 率 备 选 范 围 内 确 定 的 功 率 临 界 值 , 其 中 , f = [p(Ej ) wJ (u)du)] , 为确定的小于该功率
Figure imgf000034_0001
备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率, 为理想状态下该基准调制 格式中出现功率为 Et的符号的概率, ^为确定的大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率, 为理想状态下该基准调制格式中出现功率 Wj(u) = σ2为在所述预设的光信噪比条件下的噪声功
Figure imgf000035_0001
率, 1。()为第一类修正贝塞尔函数, Wl(u)为确定的该基准调制格式中小于该 功率备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件 下的概率分布, Wj(u)为确定的该基准调制格式中大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件下的概率分布;根据确 定的每个功率临界值预设功率范围。
所述功率范围设置模块 705 具体用于, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (0.2, 1.0)和(1.0, 1.8); 当预先 选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (1.8, 2.0) 和(2.1, 2.3); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 预设的功率备 选范围为 (0.1, 0.5)、 (0.5, 0.9)和(0.9, 1.3); 当预先选择的基准调制格 式为 64QAM格式时,预设的功率备选范围为(0.8, 1.2)、 (0.6, 0.8)和(1.2, 1.4)。
所述功率范围设置模块 702 具体用于, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第 一临界值 Pthl, 将功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第二临 界值 Pth2, 预设功率范围为 [Pthl,Pth2]、 (-∞,Pthl)、 (Pth2,+∞); 当预先选择的 基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围(1.8, 2.0)内确定的功 率临界值作为第三临界值 Pth3, 将功率备选范围 (2.1, 2.3) 内确定的功率临 界值作为第四临界值 Pth4, 预设功率范围为 [Pth4,+∞)、 [Pth3,Pth4); 当预先选 择的基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.1, 0.5) 内确定 的功率临界值作为第五临界值 Pth5, 将功率备选范围 (0.5, 0.9) 内确定的功 率临界值作为第六临界值 Pth6, 将功率备选范围 (0.9, 1.3) 内确定的功率临 界值作为第七临界值 Pth7 ,预设功率范围为 [Pth5, Pth6]、(-∞, Pth5)、 (Pth6, Pth7]; 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围(0.8, 1.2) 内确定的功率临界值作为第八临界值 Pth8和第九临界值 Pth9 , Pth8小于 Pth9 , 将功率备选范围 (0.6, 0.8 ) 内确定的功率临界值作为第十临界值 PthlO , 将 功率备选范围 (1.2, 1.4 ) 内确定的功率临界值作为第十一临界值 Pthl l , 预 设功率范围为 [Pth8, Pth9]、 [PthlO, Pthl 1]。
所述特征确定模块 703具体用于,采用公式 Ratiol = ^ P([Pthl,Pth2]) _确
P((-∞, Pthl], (Pth2,+∞)) 定所述正交调制信号相对于基准调制格式 16QAM 的第一功率分布特征值
Ratiol , 其中, P([Pthl, Pth2])为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在
[Pthl, Pth2]内的概率, P((-∞, Pthl], (Pth2,+∞))为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一 化功率落在(-∞, Pthl]或(Pth2, +∞)内的概率; 采用公式 Rati。2 = P([Pth4+∞))确定
P([Pth3, Pth4)) 所述正交调制信号相对于基准调制格式 256QAM 的第二功率分布特征值 Ratio2 , 其中, P([Pth4,+∞):为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth4,+∞)内的既率, P([Pth3, Pth4))为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落 在 [Pth3, Pth4)内的概率; 采用公式 Rati。3 =—— Ρ(„ 6])——确定所述正交
P((-∞, Pth5), (Pth6, Pth7]) 调制信号相对于基准调制格式 32QAM的第三功率分布特征值 Ratio3 , 其中,
P([Pth5, Pth6])为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth5, Pth6]内的概 率, P((-∞, Pth5))为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-∞, Pth5)内的 概率, P((Pth6, Pth7])为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(Pth6, Pth7] 内的概率; 采用公式 Rati。4 = P([Pth8'Pth9]) 确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准
P([PthlO, Pthl l]) 调制格式 64QAM的第四功率分布特征值 Ratio4 , 其中, P([Pth8, Pth9])为所述 正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth8, Pth9]内的概率, P([PthlO, Pthll])为 所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pthl 0, Pthl 1]内的概率。
所述装置还包括: 门限设置模块 706,用于预设使 P(Afthl) |A) + P(B(thl)B)的值最大的第一门限 值 thl ,其中: P(A(thl)| )为当已知 A信号为 QPSK格式的信号时, A信号的 Ratiol 不小于 thl的概率; P(B(thl)|B)为当已知 B信号不是 QPSK格式的信号时, B信 号的 Ratici小于 thi的概率; 预设使 P Wh2)l A)2 + P(B(th2) B)的值最大的第二门限 值 th2, 其中: P(A(th2)|A)为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式或 64QAM格式的 信号、 且 A 信号的 Ratici小于 thl时, A 信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2的概率; 信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2的概率; 预设使 P (A(th3)|A) 2+ P (B(th3)B)的值最大的第三门限值&3 , 其中: p(^th3)| A)为当已知
A信号为 256QAM格式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2不 小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio4不小于 th3的概率; P(B(th3)|B)为当已知 B信号为 64QAM格式的信号、且 B信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时,
B信号的 Rati04小于 th3的概率; 预设使 的值最大的第四 门限值 th4 , 其中: P(A(th4)| A)为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格 式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio3 不小于 th4的概率; P(B(th4)|B)为当已知 B信号为 16QAM格式的信号、 且 B 信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, B信号的 Ratio3小于 th4的概 率;预设使 P(A(th5)|A) + P(Bfth5)B)的值最大的第五门限值 th5 ,其中: P(A(th5)| ) 为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 th2、 A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4时, A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th5的概率; P(B(th5)|B)为当已知 B信号为 128QAM格式的信号、且 B信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、
B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2、 B信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4时, B信号的 Ratio3小于 th5 的概率。
所述识别模块 704具体用于, 当所述 Ratiol不小于 thl时, 确定所述正交调 的概率。
所述识别模块 704具体用于, 当所述 Ratol不小于 tM时, 确定所述正交调 制信号的调制格式为 QPSK格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 tM、 且 Rat 02不小于 2、 且 不小于 t/β时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 256QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 tM、 且 Rato2不小于 t/?2、 且 Rat 小于 t/?3时, 确定所述正交 调制信号的调制格式为 64QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 tM、且 Rat 02小于 t/?2、 且 Rat 03不小于 tM、且 Rat 03不小于 t/?5时,确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式 为 32QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 M、 3. Ratio!小于 thl、 3.Ratio3不小于 tM、 且 Rat 03小于 t/?5时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 128QAM格式; 当 所述 Rat ol小于 M、 . Ratio!小于 thl、 . Ratio?,小于 th4时, 确定所述正交调制 信号的调制格式为 16QAM格式。
具体的, 上述如图 7 所示的识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置可以位 于数字信号处理器中。 该数字信号处理器可以位于接收机中, 包括该数字信 号处理器的接收机的结构示意图如图 8所示。
图 8为本发明实施例提供的接收机结构示意图, 包括光电转换器 801、数 模转换器 802和数字信号处理器 803 , 其中:
光电转换器 801 用于将接收到的光信号进行偏振分束, 并将偏振分束后 的两路光信号进行 90度混频处理, 再将混频处理后的光信号转换为模拟电信 号, 并输出给数模转换器 802;
数模转换器 802用于将接收到的模拟电信号转换为数字电信号, 并输出 给数字信号处理器 803;
数字信号处理器 803包括色散补偿模块 8031、 偏振解复用模块 8032、 识 别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置 8033、 频偏估计模块 8034、 载波相位估计 模块 8035、 判决模块 8036;
色散补偿模块 8031用于接收数模转换器 802输出的数字电信号, 并将该 数字电信号进行色散补偿, 并输出给偏振解复用模块 8032;
偏振解复用模块 8032用于将接收到的数字电信号进行偏振解复用处理, 识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法, 对接收到的数字电信号的调制格式进 行识别;
频偏估计模块 8034用于根据识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置 8033 的识别结果, 对数字电信号的频偏进行估计并补偿, 并输出给载波相位估计 模块 8035;
载波相位估计模块 8035 用于根据识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置 8033 的识别结果, 对频偏补偿后的数字电信号进行载波相位差异进行估计和 补偿, 并输出给判决模块 8036;
判决模块 8036用于根据识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置 8033的识 别结果, 将接收到的数字电信号转换为相应的二进制码并输出。
具体的,上述数字信号处理器 803可以采用( DigitalSignalProcessing, DSP ) 芯片实现, 上述如图 8所示的接收机可以是相干接收机。
图 9为本发明实施例提供的识别正交调制信号的调制格式的识别装置硬 件结构示意图,具体包括:处理器 901、存储器 902、通信接口 903和总线 904。 处理器 901、 存储器 902、 通信接口 903通过总线 904相互连接。
总线 904可以分为地址总线、 数据总线、 控制总线等, 为便于表示, 图 9 中仅用一条粗线表示, 但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
通信接口 903 , 用于接收正交调制信号。
存储器 902, 用于存放程序。 具体地, 程序可以包括程序代码, 所述程序 代码包括计算机操作指令。存储器 902可能包含高速随机存取存储器(random access memory,筒称 RAM )存储器,也可能还包括非易失性存储器( non- volatile memory ) , 例如至少一个磁盘存 4诸器。
处理器 901执行存储器 902所存放的程序, 用于实现本发明实施例提供 的数据迁移方法, 包括:
对通过通信接口 903接收的正交调制信号的符号序列进行功率归一化处 理, 得到符号序列所包含的多个符号各自的归一化功率;
预设多个功率范围, 根据确定的所述多个符号的归一化功率, 确定所述 多个符号的归一化功率落在所述多个功率范围内的概率, 其中, 所述多个功 率范围是根据预先选择的多个基准调制格式设定的;
根据所述多个符号的归一化功率落在所述多个功率范围内的概率的比 值, 确定所述正交调制信号的功率分布特征值;
将确定的所述功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进行比较, 根据比较 结果确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式。
本发明实施例提供一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法及装置, 确 定接收的正交调制信号的符号序列中多个符号各自的归一化功率, 并确定该 多个符号的归一化功率落在每个预设的功率范围内的概率, 据此确定该正交 调制信号的功率分布特征值, 根据确定的功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限 值的比较结果确定该正交调制信号的调制格式。 上述方法可避免频偏和相位 噪声对识别结果的影响, 应用在诸如 EON等具有较大频偏和相位噪声的系统 中可有效提高识别信号调制格式的准确性。
本领域内的技术人员应明白, 本申请的实施例可提供为方法、 系统、 或 计算机程序产品。 因此, 本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、 完全软件实施例、 或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。 而且, 本申请可采用在一个或多个 其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质 (包括但不限于磁盘 存储器、 CD-ROM、 光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
在一个典型的配置中, 计算设备包括一个或多个处理器 (CPU)、 输入 / 输出接口、 网络接口和内存。
内存可能包括计算机可读介质中的非永久性存储器, 随机存取存储器 (RAM) 和 /或非易失性内存等形式, 如只读存储器 (ROM) 或闪存(flash RAM)。 内存是计算机可读介质的示例。
计算机可读介质包括永久性和非永久性、 可移动和非可移动媒体可以由 任何方法或技术来实现信息存储。 信息可以是计算机可读指令、 数据结构、 程序的模块或其他数据。 计算机的存储介质的例子包括, 但不限于相变内存 (PRAM), 静态随机存取存储器 (SRAM), 动态随机存取存储器 (DRAM)、 其他类型的随机存取存储器 (RAM)、 只读存储器 (ROM)、 电可擦除可编程 只读存储器 (EEPROM)、 快闪记忆体或其他内存技术、 只读光盘只读存储 器 (CD-ROM)、 数字多功能光盘 (DVD) 或其他光学存储、 磁盒式磁带, 磁带磁磁盘存储或其他磁性存储设备或任何其他非传输介质, 可用于存储可 以被计算设备访问的信息。 按照本文中的界定, 计算机可读介质不包括非暂 存电脑可读媒体 (transitory media), 如调制的数据信号和载波。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、 设备(系统)、 和计算机程序产 品的流程图和 /或方框图来描述的。 应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图 和 /或方框图中的每一流程和 /或方框、 以及流程图和 /或方框图中的流程 和 /或方框的结合。 可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、 专用计算机、 嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器, 使得通 过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流 程图一个流程或多个流程和 /或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的 装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设 备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中, 使得存储在该计算机可读存储器 中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品, 该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或 多个流程和 /或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上, 使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的 处理, 从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图 一个流程或多个流程和 /或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步 骤。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例, 但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了 基本创造性概念, 则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。 所以, 所附权 利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然, 本领域的技术人员可以对本申请实施例进行各种改动和变型而不 脱离本申请实施例的精神和范围。 这样, 倘若本申请实施例的这些修改和变 型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内, 则本申请也意图包含这些 改动和变型在内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的方法, 其特征在于, 包括: 对接收的正交调制信号的符号序列进行功率归一化处理, 得到符号序列 所包含的多个符号各自的归一化功率;
根据确定的所述多个符号的归一化功率, 确定所述多个符号的归一化功 率落在预设的多个功率范围内的概率, 其中, 所述预设的多个功率范围是根 据预先选择的多个基准调制格式设定的;
根据所述多个符号的归一化功率落在所述多个功率范围内的概率的比 值, 确定所述正交调制信号的功率分布特征值;
将确定的所述功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进行比较, 根据比较 结果确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述对接收的正交调制信号 的符号序列进行功率归一化处理, 得到符号序列所包含的多个符号各自的归 一化功率, 具体包括:
根据所述正交调制信号的符号序列中包含的多个符号的功率, 确定所述 多个符号的功率平均值;
针对所述符号序列中包含的每个符号, 确定该符号的功率与所述功率平 均值的比值, 作为该符号的归一化功率。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所示的方法, 其特征在于, 所述正交调制信号的调 制格式为四相相移键控 QPSK格式、 16正交幅度调制 QAM格式、 32QAM格 式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式中的一种。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 预设多个功率范围, 具体包 括:
预先在各调制格式中选择出多个基准调制格式, 并根据选择的每个基准 调制格式预设多个功率备选范围;
根据选择的任一基准调制格式, 确定在无光噪声情况下该基准调制格式 中各符号的基准归一化功率; 根据确定的任一基准归一化功率, 在预设的光信噪比条件下确定该基准 调制格式中该基准归一化功率的概率分布;
根据在该基准调制格式条件下预设的任一功率备选范围, 确定满足公式 df / duth = 0时的 uth作为在该功率备选范围内确定的功率临界值, 其中, f =∑ [ Ρ(Ε4 ) f +∞ w4 (u)du] + [ pCEj ) ί¾ Wj (u)du)] , 为确定的小于该功率 备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率, p(Ei)为理想状态下该基准调制 格式中出现功率为 ^的符号的概率, Ε」为确定的大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率, p(Ej )为理想状态下该基准调制格式中出现功率 为 Ε』
Wj (u) = 声功
Figure imgf000044_0001
率, 1。()为第一类修正贝塞尔函数, Wl (u)为确定的该基准调制格式中小于该 功率备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件 下的概率分布, Wj (u)为确定的该基准调制格式中大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件下的概率分布;
根据确定的每个功率临界值预设功率范围。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当预先选择的基准调制格式 为 16QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (0.2, 1.0 )和(1.0, 1.8 );
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 ( 1.8, 2.0 )和 ( 2.1 , 2.3 );
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM 格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 ( 0.1 , 0.5 )、 (0.5 , 0.9 )和(0.9, 1.3 );
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM 格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (0.8, 1.2)、 (0.6, 0.8)和 ( 1.2, 1.4)。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据确定的每个功率临 界值预设功率范围, 具体包括:
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第一临界值 ^l, 将功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第二临界值 Pth2 , 预设功率范围为 [PtM tM]、 (-oo, t ) , ( t/?2,+oo) ;
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时,将在功率备选范围( 1.8, 2.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第三临界值/^ 3, 将功率备选范围 (2.1, 2.3) 内确定的功率临界值作为第四临界值 ΡίΜ , 预设功率范围为 [PtM,+oo)、 \Pth\PtM);
当预先选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.1, 0.5) 内确定的功率临界值作为第五临界值 将功率备选范围 (0.5, 0.9) 内确定的功率临界值作为第六临界值 ^6 , 将功率备选范围 (0.9, 1.3) 内确 定的功率临界值作为第七临界值 Pt/?7,预设功率范围为 [^5, ^6]、 (~οο 、 (Pth6,Pthiy, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.8, 1.2 ) 内确定的功率临界值作为第八临界值 7^8和第九临界值 7^8小于 Pth9 ,将功率备选范围(0.6, 0.8)内确定的功率临界值作为第十临界值/^ 10, 将功率备选范围 (1.2, 1.4) 内确定的功率临界值作为第十一临界值/ ^11, 预设功率范围为 | t/z8, Pth9]、 [Pthl 0, Pthl 1]。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 确定所述正交调制信号的功 率分布特征值, 具体包括:
釆用公式 RatM = ^ P([Pth Pth2}) _确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准
>((—∞, Pth\ Pthl, +∞)) 调制格式 16QAM的第一功率分布特征值 Ratol, 其中, Ρ([ΑΜ,Ρ 2])为所述正 交调制信号 中 符号 的 归一化功率落在 [Pthl,Pth2] 内 的概率 , P((-∞, Pthl],(Pth2,+∞))为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-∞, Pthl] 或(Pth2,+∞)内的既率;
采用公式 Rati。2 = P([Pth4+∞))确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准调制格
P([Pth3, Pth4)) 式 256QAM的第二功率分布特征值 Ratio2 , 其中, P([Pth4,+∞))为所述正交调 制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth4,+∞)内的概率, P([Pth3, Pth4))为所述正交 调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth3, Pth4)内的概率;
采用公式 RaticS =—— P([Pth5,Pth6]) _确定所述正交调制信号相对于基
P((-∞,Pth5), (Pth6,Pth7]; 准调制格式 32QAM 的第三功率分布特征值 Ratio3, 其中, P([Pth5, Pth6])为所 述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth5, Pth6]内的概率, P((-∞, Pth5))为 所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-∞, Pth5)内的概率, P((Pth6, Pth7]) 为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(Pth6, Pth7]内的概率;
采用公式 Rati。4 = P([Pth8Pth9]) 确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准调制
P([PthlO, Pthl l]) 格式 64QAM 的第四功率分布特征值 Ratio4 , 其中, P([Pth8, Pth9])为所述正交 调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth8, Pth9]内的概率, P([PthlO, Pthll])为所述 正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [PthlO, Pthl 1]内的概率。
8、如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 预设多个门限值, 具体包括: 预设使 P (维 l)|A)2+ P(B(tM)B)的值最大的第一门限值 Μ , 其中:
P(A(thl)| )为当已知 A信号为 QPSK格式的信号时, A信号的 Ratiol不小 于 thl的概率;
P(B(thl)|B)为当已知 B信号不是 QPSK格式的信号时, B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl的概率;
预设使 P (维 2)|A)2+ P陣 的值最大的第二门限值 th2 , 其中:
P(A(th2)|A)为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式或 64QAM格式的信号、且 A 信号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, A信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2的概率;
P(B(th2)|B)为当已知 B信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格式或 16QAM格 式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2的概率;
预设使 P(A(th3)|A) ÷ P(B(th3)B)的值最大的第三门限值 , 其中:
P(A(th3)| )为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio4不小于 th3的概率;
P(B(th3)|B)为当已知 B信号为 64QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2时, B信号的 Ratio4小于 th3的概率;
预设使 P(^4)|A)2+ P(B(th4)B)的值最大的第四门限值 tM , 其中:
P(A(th4)|A)为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格式的信号、且 A 信号的 Ratiol小于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4的 概率;
P(B(th4)|B)为当已知 B信号为 16QAM格式的信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2时, B信号的 Ratio3小于 th4的概率;
预设使 P(A(th5)|A) ÷ P(B(th5)B)的值最大的第五门限值 th5 , 其中:
P(A(th5)|A)为当已知 A信号为 32QAM格式的信号、 且 A信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 th2、 A信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4时, A信号的 Ratio3 不小于 th5的概率;
P(B(th5)|B)为当已知 B信号为 128QAM格式的信号、且 B信号的 Ratiol小 于 thl、 B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2、 B信号的 Ratio3不小于 th4时, B信号的 Ratio3 小于 th5的概率。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 将确定的所述功率分布特征 值与预设的多个门限值进行比较, 根据比较结果确定所述正交调制信号的调 制格式, 具体包括: 当所述 Ratiol不小于 thl时,确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 QPSK格 式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 110 2不小于1112、 且 Ratio 4不小于 th3时, 确定所 述正交调制信号的调制格式为 256QAM格式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 110 2不小于1112、 且 Ratio 4小于 th3时, 确定所述 正交调制信号的调制格式为 64QAM格式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 Ratio2小于 th2、 且 Ratio3不小于 th4、 且 Ratio3不 小于 th5时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 32QAM格式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 Ratio2小于 th2、 且 Ratio3不小于 th4、 且 Ratio3小 于 th5时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 128QAM格式;
当所述 Ratiol小于 thl、 且 Ratio 2小于 th2、 且 Ratio 3小于 th4时, 确定所述正 交调制信号的调制格式为 16QAM格式。
10、 一种识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置, 其特征在于, 包括: 功率确定模块, 用于对接收的正交调制信号的符号序列进行功率归一化 处理, 得到符号序列所包含的多个符号各自的归一化功率;
概率确定模块, 用于根据确定的所述多个符号的归一化功率, 确定所述 多个符号的归一化功率落在预设的多个功率范围内的概率, 其中, 所述预设 的多个功率范围是根据预先选择的多个基准调制格式设定的;
特征确定模块, 用于根据所述多个符号的归一化功率落在所述多个功率 范围内的概率的比值, 确定所述正交调制信号的功率分布特征值;
识别模块, 用于将确定的所述功率分布特征值与预设的多个门限值进行 比较, 根据比较结果确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述功率确定模块具体用 于, 根据所述正交调制信号的符号序列中包含的多个符号的功率, 确定所述 多个符号的功率平均值; 针对所述符号序列中包含的每个符号, 确定该符号 的功率与所述功率平均值的比值, 作为该符号的归一化功率。
12、 如权利要求 10或 11所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述正交调制信号 的调制格式为四相相移键控 QPSK格式、 16正交幅度调制 QAM格式、 32QAM 格式、 64QAM格式、 128QAM格式、 256QAM格式中的一种。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括: 功率范围设置模块, 用于预先在各调制格式中选择出多个基准调制格式, 并根据选择的每个基准调制格式预设多个功率备选范围; 根据选择的任一基 准调制格式, 确定在无光噪声情况下该基准调制格式中各符号的基准归一化 功率; 根据确定的任一基准归一化功率, 在预设的光信噪比条件下确定该基 准调制格式中该基准归一化功率的概率分布; 根据在该基准调制格式条件下 预设的任一功率备选范围, 确定满足公式 # / ίΑ = 0时的 作为在该功率 备 选 范 围 内 确 定 的 功 率 临 界 值 , 其 中 , f =∑ )[ ^ ( )du\ + X [p(Ej ) wJ (u)du)] , 为确定的小于该功率 th j 备选范围内最小值的第 i个基准归一化功率, 为理想状态下该基准调制 格式中出现功率为 Et的符号的概率, ^为确定的大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率, 为理想状态下该基准调制格式中出现功率
声功
Figure imgf000049_0001
率, /。()为第一类修正贝塞尔函数, w )为确定的该基准调制格式中小于该 功率备选范围内最小值的第 i 个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件 下的概率分布, 为确定的该基准调制格式中大于该功率备选范围内最大 值的第 j个基准归一化功率在所述预设的光信噪比条件下的概率分布;根据确 定的每个功率临界值预设功率范围。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述功率范围设置模块具 体用于, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时,预设的功率备选范围 为(0.2, 1.0)和(1.0, 1.8); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (1.8, 2.0)和(2.1, 2.3); 当预先选择的基准调制格 式为 32QAM格式时,预设的功率备选范围为(0.1, 0.5)、 (0.5, 0.9)和(0.9, 1.3); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM格式时, 预设的功率备选范围为 (0.8, 1.2)、 (0.6, 0.8)和 ( 1.2, 1.4)。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述功率范围设置模块具 体用于, 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 16QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围
(0.2, 1.0)内确定的功率临界值作为第一临界值 Pthl,将功率备选范围 (0.2, 1.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第二临界值 Pth2, 预设功率范围为 [PtM,Pth2]、
(-00, Pthl), (Pth2,+∞); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 256QAM格式时, 将在 功率备选范围 (1.8, 2.0) 内确定的功率临界值作为第三临界值 Pth3, 将功率 备选范围 (2.1, 2.3) 内确定的功率临界值作为第四临界值 Pth4, 预设功率范 围为 [Pth4,+∞)、 [Pth3,Pth4); 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 32QAM格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.1, 0.5) 内确定的功率临界值作为第五临界值 Pth5, 将 功率备选范围 (0.5, 0.9) 内确定的功率临界值作为第六临界值 Pth6, 将功率 备选范围 (0.9, 1.3) 内确定的功率临界值作为第七临界值 Pth7, 预设功率范 围为 [Pth5,Pth6]、 (-∞,Pth5) , (Pth6,Pth7]; 当预先选择的基准调制格式为 64QAM 格式时, 将在功率备选范围 (0.8, 1.2) 内确定的功率临界值作为第八临界值 Pth8和第九临界值 Pth9, Pth8小于 Pth9, 将功率备选范围 (0.6, 0.8) 内确定 的功率临界值作为第十临界值 PthlO, 将功率备选范围 (1.2, 1.4) 内确定的 功率临界值作为第十一临界值 Pthl 1 ,预设功率范围为 [Pth8, Pth9]、 [PthlO, Pthl 1]。
16、 如权利要求 15所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述特征确定模块具体用 于, 采用公式 Rati。l = ^ P([Pthl,Pth2]) _确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准
∞,Pthl],(Pth2,+∞)) 调制格式 16QAM的第一功率分布特征值 Ratiol, 其中, P([Pthl,Pth2])为所述正 交调制信号 中 符号 的 归一化功率落在 [P t li , P 内 的概率 , P((-∞, Pthl],(Pth2,+∞))为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-∞, Pthl] 或 (Pth2,+∞)内的概率;采用公式 Rati。2 = P([Pth4+∞))确定所述正交调制信号相
P([Pth3, Pth4)) 对于基准调制格式 256QAM的第二功率分布特征值 Ratio2 ,其中, P([Pth4,+∞)) 为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth4,+∞)内的概率,
P( [P t IB , P t ϋ为所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth3, Pth4)内的概 率;采用公式 Rati。3 =—— P([Pth5,Pth6])——确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准
P((-∞, Pth5), (Pth6, Pth7]) 调制格式 32QAM的第三功率分布特征值 Ratio3, 其中, P([Pth5, Pth6])为所述 正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在 [Pth5, Pth6]内的概率, P((-∞, Pth5))为所 述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(-∞, Pth5)内的概率, P((Pth6, Pth7])为 所述正交调制信号中符号的归一化功率落在(Pth6, Pth7]内的概率; 采用公式
Ratio4 = P([Pth8'Pth9]) 确定所述正交调制信号相对于基准调制格式 64QAM的
P([PthlO, Pthl 1]) 第四功率分布特征值 Rati04 , 其中, P([Pth8, Pth9])为所述正交调制信号中符号 的归一化功率落在 [Pth8, Pth9]内的概率, P([PthlO, Pthll])为所述正交调制信号中 符号的归一化功率落在 [Pthl 0, Pthl 1]内的概率。
17、 如权利要求 16所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括: 门限设置模块, 用于预设使 P(A(thl)| A)+ P(B(thl)B)的值最大的第一门限值 thl ,其中: P(A(thl)| )为当已知 A信号为 QPSK格式的信号时, A信号的 Ratiol 不小于 thl的概率; P(B(thl)|B)为当已知 B信号不是 QPSK格式的信号时, B信 号的 Ratiol小于 thi的概率; 预设使 P h2)l A)2 + P(B(th2) B)的值最大的第二门限 值 th2 , 其中: P(A(th2)| A)为当已知 A信号为 256QAM格式或 64QAM格式的 信号、 且 A 信号的 Ratid小于 thl时, A 信号的 Ratio2不小于 th2的概率; 信号、 且 B信号的 Ratiol小于 thl时, B信号的 Ratio2小于 th2的概率; 预设使 p{A{m) \A) + B{m)B)的值最大的第三门限值 , 其中: Ρμ 3)μ)为当已知
Α信号为 256QAM格式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratol小于 tM、 A信号的 Rat 02不 小于 t/?2时, A信号的 RaticA不小于 t/?3的 4既率; Ρ( (^3) | )为当已知 B信号为
64QAM格式的信号、且 B信号的 Ratio\小于 tM、 B信号的 Ratiol不小于 时,
B信号的 R 小于 t/β的概率; 预设使 Ρ( Μ) 1 + P B th 的值最大的第四
2
门限值 tM , 其中: P04(tM)| )为当已知 Α信号为 32QAM格式或 128QAM格 式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratio\小于 tM、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 t/?2时, A信号的 RatioS 不小于 tM的概率; P( (tM)| )为当已知 B信号为 16QAM格式的信号、 且 B 信号的 Ratio\小于 tM、 B信号的 Ratio2小于 t/?2时, B信号的 Rat 小于 tM的 4既 率;预设使^ ^^^^的值最大的第五门限值 5 ,其中: Ρ04( 5)μ) 为当已知 Α信号为 32QAM格式的信号、且 A信号的 Ratol小于 tM、 A信号的 Ratio2小于 t/?2、 A信号的 RatioS不小于 tM时, A信号的 RatioS不小于 th5的概率; P(B(th5) \B)为当已知 B信号为 128QAM格式的信号、且 B信号的 Ratio\小于 M、
B信号的 Ratiol小于 t/?2、 B信号的 Ratio2不小于 tM时, B信号的 Ratio2小于 ϋή 的概率。
18、 如权利要求 17所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述识别模块具体用于, 当所述 Ratol不小于 tM时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 QPSK格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 M、 且 Ratio2不小于 th2、 且 o4不小于 th3时, 确定所述正 交调制信号的调制格式为 256QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 tM、 且 Rato2不小 于 、 且 Rat 04小于 t/β时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 64QAM格 式; 当所述 Ratiol小于 tM、 且 Ratiol小于 t/?2、 且 Ratio3不小于 tM、 且 Ratio3不 小于 时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 32QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol 小于 tM、 且 Ratiol小于 t/?2、 且 Ratio3不小于 tM、 且 Ratio3 '}、于 t/?5时, 确定所 述正交调制信号的调制格式为 128QAM格式; 当所述 Ratol小于 tM、 且 Rat 02 小于 th2、 且 Ratio3小于 th4时, 确定所述正交调制信号的调制格式为 16QAM 格式。
19、 一种数字信号处理器, 其特征在于, 包括如权利要求 10~18任一所 述的识别正交调制信号的调制格式的装置。
20、 一种接收机, 其特征在于, 包括如权利要求 10~18任一所述的识别 正交调制信号的调制格式的装置。
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