WO2015058376A1 - Batterie de véhicule et véhicule l'utilisant - Google Patents

Batterie de véhicule et véhicule l'utilisant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015058376A1
WO2015058376A1 PCT/CN2013/085817 CN2013085817W WO2015058376A1 WO 2015058376 A1 WO2015058376 A1 WO 2015058376A1 CN 2013085817 W CN2013085817 W CN 2013085817W WO 2015058376 A1 WO2015058376 A1 WO 2015058376A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
housing
cell according
shell
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/085817
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Lachmund
Original Assignee
Volkswagen China Investment Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen China Investment Co., Ltd. filed Critical Volkswagen China Investment Co., Ltd.
Priority to PCT/CN2013/085817 priority Critical patent/WO2015058376A1/fr
Priority to CN201380080367.2A priority patent/CN105659429B/zh
Publication of WO2015058376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015058376A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the disclosed technology relate to a battery and, especially a vehicle battery.
  • Traction batteries have been used as the main power or an auxiliary power for electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. It is required to keep the temperature of the battery in an operating temperature range within which the battery can work stably.
  • the solutions to adjust the temperature of a traction battery include passive adjustment and active adjustment.
  • passive adjustment is refrigeration by the air cooling along with vehicle moving. It needs to install cooling fins and/or cooling plates in order to implement this kind of passive adjustment.
  • active adjustment normally stabilizes the temperature of the battery by means of a pump, and cooling media or heating media. Thus it needs to install additional components, such as, pump, medium container, pipe, valve, etc.
  • Chinese patent No.ZL200820047962.2 discloses a double hull of a battery, which leads to a better thermal barrier effect and mechanical damping and sealing.
  • the double hull includes an outer shell, an inner shell, and space between the two shells. The outer shell and the inner shell can be assembled together.
  • Chinese patent application No.201110108209.6 discloses a structure of a battery module with a ventilation gap, a partition plate, and battery cells with packages.
  • the structure includes: housing, a lid, a plurality of battery cells each of which has a package, a plurality of partition plates, and a plurality of ventilation gaps.
  • the battery cell packages are composed of composite materials for thermal transmission.
  • the partition plates are provided on the opposite surfaces of each two adjacent packages, and each ventilation gap is provided between two adjacent partition plates.
  • Chinese patent application No.200910097116.0 discloses a double hull of a battery.
  • the hull has an outer shell and an inner shell, which are connected together. Thus there is a cavity between the shells, into which a thermal transmission material is filled.
  • the hull includes: a cover plate, an outer shell, an inner shell, a thermal transmission medium, an outer edge provided on the open end of the inner shell, an aperture provided on the outer edge, through which the thermal transmission medium is filled into the cavity between the inner shell and the outer shell, and support parts which are provided between the inner shell and the outer shell in the middle, and provided on the inner surface of the bottom of the outer shell.
  • the passive adjustment but also the active adjustment will bring more weight and more space for the installation of the additional components. And the increased weight will reduce the distance per charge of the vehicle that uses the traction battery.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides a battery cell, comprising: a housing, two electrodes, preferable a cover plate, and electrolyte, wherein the housing has a structure to contain a medium for temperature adjustment, wherein, the housing has a shell and the shell itself is made from a material with thermal conductivity and has an internal structure to contain the medium.
  • the housing of the battery cell may serve as either a physical protect member or a thermal adjustment member. Therefore, the additional components for temperature adjustment can be saved, as well as the installation space and weight of these components.
  • the medium includes a phase change material.
  • the properties of this phase change material may perform effective thermal adjustment, so as to enhance the outward protective effect in critical situations within the cell (thermal runaway).
  • the phase change material is wax or paraffin.
  • Wax or paraffin may provide suitable thermal adjustment for traction batteries, because their melting points are relatively low.
  • the internal structure of the shell is porous structure.
  • This kind of porous structure may contain the medium for thermal adjustment.
  • wax or paraffin may be injected into the porosity of the structure.
  • the shell is made of metal foam.
  • Metal foam has sufficient thermal conductivity and structure stability to manufacture the shell or housing.
  • the metal foam is made from aluminum.
  • the aluminum-made metal foam is lighter and more cost-benefit, besides thermal conductivity and structure stability.
  • the shell further includes a separation layer attached onto its inner surface.
  • the separation layer may protect the shell from the erosion of the electrolyte.
  • the shell further includes an isolating layer attached onto its outer surface. The isolating layer may electrically isolate the shell from outside components.
  • the shell has an internal structure with synclastic microporous tube groups or microflute groups. It is easy to inject the medium into prefabricated synclastic microporous tube groups or microflute groups when producing the shell.
  • the battery cell is a thin film cell.
  • the housing or shell of this thin film cell has thermal conductivity, and internal porosity with the medium inside, it can save the additional components in existing solutions for temperature adjustment.
  • each electrode has an electrode terminal connected to the housing by the cover plate, the electrolyte is accommodated in the housing, and one part of each electrode is immersed into the electrolyte. Also the electrodes can derive out the heat generated inside the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes a separator between the two electrodes, and the separator is immersed into the electrolyte.
  • the separator may physically isolate the electrodes.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides a battery which comprises more than one battery cell above mentioned. It may save the additional temperature adjustment members for the battery cells, as well as the installation space and weight of these components.
  • Still another embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle which uses more than one aforesaid battery cell.
  • the design of the battery cells may save the additional temperature adjustment members, as well as the installation space and weight of these components. Therefore, it may increase the distance per charge of the vehicle.
  • FIG.l schematically illustrates a battery cell of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is the top view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a battery cell of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery cell 100 includes: a housing 1, two electrodes 2, a cover plate 3, and electrolyte 4. Wherein, one part of each electrode 2 is inside the cell housing 1, and thus is invisible from outside.
  • Each electrode 2 has an electrode terminal 21.
  • the terminals 21 are connected to the housing 1 by the cover plate 3, and thus visible from outside.
  • the cover plate 3 is a part of the housing 1.
  • the electrode terminals 21 may be made in a variety of geometrical shapes, such as, cuboid or cylinder.
  • the electrode terminals 21 shown in FIG. 1 are with a shape of cylinder.
  • the terminals 21 include a positive pole terminal and a negative pole terminal.
  • FIG. 2 is the top view of the battery cell 100 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the cover plate 3 is connected with the electrode terminals 21, and the sides of the cover plate 3 are embedded in the top of the housing 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the battery cell 100 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the inside section of the battery cell 100 can be seen from FIG. 3.
  • the electrolyte 4 may be accommodated in the housing 1.
  • the parts of the electrodes 2 are immersed into the electrolyte 4.
  • the battery cell 100 may further include a separator (not shown) between the two electrodes 2.
  • the separator may physically isolate the electrodes.
  • FIG. 3 shows the internal structure of the housing 1.
  • the structure of the housing 1 is provided with porosity inside.
  • This sort of porous structure may contain an appropriate medium 5 for thermal transmission and/or temperature adjustment of the battery cell 100.
  • the medium may be, for example, a Phase Change Material (PCM), which by its physical properties can perform heat exchange by means of change of its states. For instance, the state of the medium may be changed from solid phase to liquid phase when absorbing heat, and changed from liquid phase to solid phase when releasing heat.
  • PCM Phase Change Material
  • the housing 1 is formed of a thermal conductivity material, and thus it can exchange heat between the interior of the battery cell 100 and the medium 5 by the thermal conductivity of its material.
  • the housing 1 transmits heat from the electrolyte 4 to the medium 5, the medium 5 absorbs the transmitted heat, and then part or all of the medium 5 are changed from solid phase to liquid phase.
  • a preset threshold/scope e.g., the normal operating temperature/temperature range of the battery cell 100
  • the housing 1 transmits heat from the electrolyte 4 to the medium 5
  • the medium 5 absorbs the transmitted heat, and then part or all of the medium 5 are changed from solid phase to liquid phase.
  • the housing 1 of the battery cell 100 and the medium 5 contained inside the housing 1 may perform the functionality of the temperature adjustment or thermostatic control of the battery cell 100. Therefore, the solutions of battery cell according to an embodiment of the invention may save the additional components for temperature adjustment provided outside the battery cell, such as, pump, medium container, pipe, valve, etc.
  • the medium 5 may be, for example, wax or paraffin. According to other embodiments of the invention, the medium 5 may be, paraffin mixed with some other materials in order to improve the thermal conductivity of the medium, such as, aluminum powder, graphite, etc. According to other embodiments of the invention, the medium 5 may be other PCMs, for example, polyethylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexane, etc. According to the embodiments of the invention, the medium 5 may be organic materials or mixtures of inorganic materials and organic materials.
  • the housing 1 of the battery cell 100 may be made of thermal conductive materials.
  • the inner surface, the outer surface and the interior with porous structure as a whole is made of this kind of thermal conductive material.
  • the surfaces may have less porosity than the interior.
  • the surfaces may have no porosity so as to seal the medium 5 inside.
  • the housing 1 may also have a function of the physical support of the battery cell 100.
  • the battery cell 100 can have a stable ability to support and protect itself when it is installed in a vehicle, and external support components can be saved for weight and space saving.
  • the material of the housing 1 may be metal foam, a.k.a., metallic foam, foam metal, or foamed metal.
  • the metal foam has physical properties of thermal conductivity, internal porosity, and physical support.
  • the housing 1 which is made of metal foam can be used to physically protect the interior of the battery cell 100, and to adjust the internal temperature of the battery cell 100, so as to save additional components for temperature adjustment or physical support.
  • the metal foam material may be, for example, open-cell metal foam or closed-cell metal foam.
  • the metal foam material of the housing 1 is made from aluminum.
  • the housing 1 may further include a separation layer 6 attached onto its inner surface so as to separate the housing 1 and the electrolyte 4, and the separation layer 6 is made of thermally conductive material.
  • the separation layer 6 may protect the housing 1 from the erosion of the electrolyte 4.
  • the housing 1 may further include an isolating layer 7 attached onto the outer surface of the housing 1 so as to electrically isolate the battery cell 100 from outside components.
  • the isolating layer 7 may prevent the electricity leakage of the battery cell 100.
  • FIG. 3 shows the separation layer 6 and the isolating layer 7.
  • the battery cell 100 is substantially in a shape of rectangular solid, i.e., cuboid.
  • the shape of the battery cell 100 may be different, such as, cylinder, prismatic shapes, etc.
  • the battery cell may be a thin film cell.
  • the housing is a thin film which has internal porosity and thermal conductivity.
  • the battery cell may need some external components to provide strong physical support, the battery cell in this embodiment can save the additional components in existing solutions for temperature adjustment of a traction battery.
  • additional protective members may be attached to the thin film cell when installing the cell into a vehicle, because of its sensitivity to outside mechanical impact.
  • the embodiments of the present invention also provide a battery or battery module, which comprises more than one battery cells mentioned above.
  • the battery casing may have an isolating layer so as to enhance the electrical isolation of the battery cells from outside components.
  • the battery or battery module may further have a relief valve or relief diaphragm for its whole safety.
  • the housing of the battery cell may have other internal structure to contain materials for temperature adjustment.
  • the interior of the housing has a structure with synclastic microporous tube groups or microflute groups.
  • the invention proposes a technical solution for a simplified and thus lighter and more compact design especially for a traction battery with improved mechanical and thermal properties.
  • the housing of the battery cell may serve as either a physical protect member or a thermal adjustment member. Therefore, the additional components for temperature adjustment can be saved, as well as the installation space and weight of these components.
  • the mechanical properties of the housing may provide rigid support to the battery cell, and thus the battery cell does not need other support mechanisms to avoid the harm from outside mechanical interaction.
  • the battery cell or battery of the invention may be used in vehicles, and especially as a traction battery for electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une cellule de batterie qui comporte : un boîtier, des électrodes et un électrolyte, le boîtier possédant une structure pour contenir un support pour un réglage de température, le boîtier possédant une enveloppe et l'enveloppe elle-même étant faite d'un matériau ayant une conductivité thermique et possédant une structure interne pour contenir le support. En raison du fait que le boîtier de la cellule de batterie peut servir d'élément de protection physique ou d'élément de réglage thermique, les éléments supplémentaires pour un réglage de température peuvent être économisés, ainsi que l'espace d'installation et le poids de ces éléments.
PCT/CN2013/085817 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Batterie de véhicule et véhicule l'utilisant WO2015058376A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2013/085817 WO2015058376A1 (fr) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Batterie de véhicule et véhicule l'utilisant
CN201380080367.2A CN105659429B (zh) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 汽车用电池和使用该电池的汽车

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2013/085817 WO2015058376A1 (fr) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Batterie de véhicule et véhicule l'utilisant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015058376A1 true WO2015058376A1 (fr) 2015-04-30

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PCT/CN2013/085817 WO2015058376A1 (fr) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Batterie de véhicule et véhicule l'utilisant

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN105659429B (fr)
WO (1) WO2015058376A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10431858B2 (en) 2015-02-04 2019-10-01 Global Web Horizons, Llc Systems, structures and materials for electrochemical device thermal management
USD911961S1 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-03-02 Latent Heat Solutions, Llc Battery container

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108199118B (zh) * 2018-02-10 2023-10-10 宿州市艾尔新能源有限公司 一种采用相变控温的金属空气电池
CN111384463B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2021-10-01 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种电池

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2927335Y (zh) * 2006-04-26 2007-07-25 有量科技股份有限公司 具有吸热体的电池装置
CN101510593A (zh) * 2009-03-20 2009-08-19 徐敖奎 一种锂电池包温控外壳
CN102544622A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-04 广东工业大学 一种基于泡沫金属/复合相变材料的动力电池冷却系统
CN103325964A (zh) * 2013-06-20 2013-09-25 华南理工大学 含有相变材料的空气冷却型电动汽车电池热管理装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2927335Y (zh) * 2006-04-26 2007-07-25 有量科技股份有限公司 具有吸热体的电池装置
CN101510593A (zh) * 2009-03-20 2009-08-19 徐敖奎 一种锂电池包温控外壳
CN102544622A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-04 广东工业大学 一种基于泡沫金属/复合相变材料的动力电池冷却系统
CN103325964A (zh) * 2013-06-20 2013-09-25 华南理工大学 含有相变材料的空气冷却型电动汽车电池热管理装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10431858B2 (en) 2015-02-04 2019-10-01 Global Web Horizons, Llc Systems, structures and materials for electrochemical device thermal management
US11411262B2 (en) 2015-02-04 2022-08-09 Latent Heat Solutions, Llc Systems, structures and materials for electrochemical device thermal management
USD911961S1 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-03-02 Latent Heat Solutions, Llc Battery container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105659429B (zh) 2019-03-22
CN105659429A (zh) 2016-06-08

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