WO2015057926A2 - Balle chemisée et procédé rapide de fabrication de balles chemisées - Google Patents
Balle chemisée et procédé rapide de fabrication de balles chemisées Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015057926A2 WO2015057926A2 PCT/US2014/060833 US2014060833W WO2015057926A2 WO 2015057926 A2 WO2015057926 A2 WO 2015057926A2 US 2014060833 W US2014060833 W US 2014060833W WO 2015057926 A2 WO2015057926 A2 WO 2015057926A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bullet
- wire
- bullets
- tubing
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
- F42B12/78—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
- F42B30/02—Bullets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
- F42B33/001—Devices or processes for assembling ammunition, cartridges or cartridge elements from parts
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to bullets and high-speed methods of manufacturing bullets and, in particular, to jacketed bullets and high-speed methods of manufacturing such bullets.
- Bullets are made of a variety of materials.
- Lead or a lead alloy typically containing antimony
- Traditional bullet jackets are made of copper or gilding metal, an alloy of copper and zinc.
- copper or gilding metal an alloy of copper and zinc.
- aluminum, bismuth, bronze, copper, plastics, rubber, steel, tin, and tungsten are many other materials that are used in bullets today, including aluminum, bismuth, bronze, copper, plastics, rubber, steel, tin, and tungsten.
- Bullet design is dependent on firearm design and vice versa. The bullet must fit into the barrel correctly. A bullet that is too small will not engage the rifling in the barrel, or it will bounce around in the barrel and not exit in a straight line. A bullet that is too large will jam in the barrel, possibly causing the firearm to explode from the pressure. The bullet weight must also match the amount of powder in the cartridge, so that it is fired at the correct speed. [0006] Bullets are designed using calculations and data gathered from previous testing
- This data can include variables such as accuracy (whether it hit the target), precision (whether more than one of the same bullet type produced similar results), speed of the bullet, effectiveness at a given range (distance to the target), penetration into the target, and damage to the target.
- Bullets are then tested against a target which resembles what they will be used against. There are several materials used to simulate the intended target, including bullet gelatin, a recently developed material used to simulate flesh.
- Modern bullets can have many different design features. Some of these features concern the shape of the bullet and others the materials of construction. Most bullets look like a cylinder with a pointed end. The cylindrical section to the rear of the bullet is the shank and the pointed section to the front of the bullet is the tip or nose, though the tip may be flat instead of pointed. Bullets can be made of one or more materials.
- the shank can have a flat base or a tapered base (boat tail).
- the flat base is heavier and provides greater penetration, but the boat tail provides greater accuracy over distance.
- the base of the shank can also have a base plate of harder metal to prevent deformation of the bullet during firing.
- the base sometimes has a conical indentation (a gas check) that expands on firing to seal the base of the bullet against the firearm barrel and trap all of the energy from firing to propel the bullet forward.
- the shank may also have grooves used to contain lubricating grease that helps the bullet move freely in the firearm barrel. Sometimes a single groove, called a cannelure, is cut into the bullet to mark how far the bullet is to be inserted into the cartridge and to provide a feature to crimp the cartridge to the bullet.
- the tip of the bullet is usually pointed. This point may be curved (called an ogive).
- Wadcutters are bullets with no point or a sharp shoulder behind the point used in target shooting to cut paper targets cleanly.
- Semiwadcutter bullets have a flat-tipped cone tip and can be used for target shooting, hunting, or self-defense.
- Target bullets are light and designed for speed and accuracy in a shooting range. They are usually not appropriate for other purposes.
- tips are designed to expand on impact. This kind of bullet is banned from military use, but can be used for law enforcement, self-defense, and hunting.
- the tip or the entire bullet may be made of a soft material such as lead, but there are other design features that can aid bullet expansion.
- Hard material behind the softer tip provides more penetration and pushes the softer tip forward to expand more.
- the harder material can be the shank, a section of the tip, a partition of hard metal between the tip and the shank, or even a hard point on the tip that is driven backward on impact to expand the softer tip material.
- Another feature that provides expansion is a hollow tip (or hollow point), an empty cone in the tip that points toward the rear of the bullet.
- a hollow tip or hollow point
- the thin sides of the hollow tip expand outward. Even harder metals can expand, especially if they are scored (have grooves cut in them) to provide spaces to split apart.
- Shotguns often fire shot (many small round pellets) or solid slugs (large, often soft bullets) out of an unrifled barrel, though some shotguns have rifled barrels.
- Air guns fire solid round or hourglass-shaped pellets.
- military bullets have special features, sometimes also used in law enforcement and self-defense. In order to get around the prohibition on expanding bullets, military bullets can be designed with heavier than normal back ends so that they tumble into the target on impact to create a larger wound. They can also be designed to break apart on impact with a similar effect. Some military bullets have incendiary (flammable) material in the base of the bullet that leaves a visible trail. This is known as a tracer bullet because it allows the shooter to track the bullet. Incendiary material can also be placed in the tip of the bullet so that it can start a fire on impact. Military bullets are usually made of harder materials or are fully jacketed. They are often designed for penetration. "Non-lethal" plastic or rubber bullets are designed to temporarily incapacitate rioters and demonstrators, but they have the ability to kill.
- Law enforcement and self-defense bullets should incapacitate the target. Many of these bullets are designed to expand or shatter after hitting the target, causing maximum damage. These bullets can be made of harder material that has greater penetration through materials such as heavy clothing and body armor. Police and self-defense bullets should not "over penetrate” (go through the target) and endanger bystanders.
- the two most common bullet-forming methods are casting and swaging. Hollow points can be formed by either method.
- Hard (harder than lead) solid bullets can be stamped (a metal punch cuts a bullet-shaped piece out of a bar or sheet of softer metal) and machined from metal stock. Machining includes any process where a machine is used to shape metal by cutting away portions.
- a typical machine used for bullets is a lathe. A lathe rotates the bullet metal against steel chisels to gradually cut away material.
- Casting is pouring molten metal into a mold.
- This mold is hinged and, when closed, has a hollow space that is in the shape of the bullet.
- the metal is melted in a crucible (a metal or ceramic pot that can hold molten metal safely) and then poured into the mold.
- the first material is poured into the mold to partially fill it.
- the second molten material is poured into the mold to fill it partially or completely. This can be done several times, but most often is done twice to create a bullet with a heavier section (for penetration) behind a softer section (for expansion).
- Swaging is a cold forming process which means that it involves shaping metal without heating to soften or melt it.
- the appropriate amount of material to be swaged (measured in grains) is placed in a die.
- a die is a harder metal container with a cavity (an empty space) shaped like the bullet without the back end.
- the die is part of a larger stationary object or is held in place on a platform.
- a metal punch that fits into the open end of the die is forced into the die to the appropriate depth. As the punch forces the bullet metal into the die cavity, the material takes the shape of the cavity.
- the pressure can come from a manual or hydraulic press, from repeated hammer blows, or from a threaded punch that is screwed on. Excess metal is squeezed out of bleed holes.
- the punch is removed from the die and the bullet is pushed or pulled out of the cavity. Any imperfections are removed by cutting or filing.
- Some bullets have jackets of harder metal surrounding a softer core.
- a coin-shaped piece of jacket metal is punched out of a strip or a sheet.
- the punch is usually a round metal cylinder that is pushed through the jacket material into a depression in a table. Some punches are rounded so that the piece of metal is shaped like a cup. Sometimes, tubing is used instead of a coin or a cup of metal.
- the jacket material is too hard to be formed easily, it can be annealed. Annealing is heating the metal, often with a gas flame, to soften it and make it more workable.
- the jacket material is then placed in a die or over a punch and the punch is forced into the die.
- punches and dies used to form specific features in the jacket.
- One of the usual steps is to make sure that jacket is of uniform thickness. The thickness is typically 0.03-0.07 in. (0.08-0.17 cm).
- Some bullets have a thin jacket electroplated onto the core.
- Jackets and multiple bullet parts can be joined by method such as swaging them together, casting one section on top of another, soldering, gluing, or electrical welding.
- U.S. patent documents are related to at least one embodiment of the present invention: U.S. patent Nos. 2,063,470; 3,470,607; 3,509,617; 3,894,675; 4,134,528; 4, 156,500; 4,352,225; 4,387,492; 4,693,109; 4,829,906; 4,879,953; 4,947,755; 5,079,814; 5,087,300; 5,208,424; 5,357,866; 5,399,187; 5,404,815; 5,528,990; 5,535,678; 5,621 ,186; 5,641,937; 5,852,858; 6,085,661; 6,095,052; 6,158,351; 6,182,574; 6,209,459; 6,374,743; 6,642,456; 6,845,716; 6,916,354; 6,964,232; 6,973,879; 7,073,425; 7,299,733; 7,322,297
- a bullet is a projective, often a pointed metal cylinder, that is shot from a firearm.
- the bullet is usually part of an ammunition cartridge, the object that contains the bullet and that is inserted into the firearm.
- bullets will use the word “bullets” to mean projectiles fired from small or personal firearms (such as pistols, rifles, and shotguns).
- Cold forging Various forging processes conducted at or near ambient temperatures to produce metal components to close tolerances and net shape. These include bending, cold drawing, cold heading, coining extrusion (forward or backward), punching, thread rolling and others.
- the metal flows back around a descending ram in the opposite direction.
- An object of at least one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a jacketed bullet and a method of manufacturing such bullets which provides higher production rates and less scrap than the prior art, while allowing for innovation in terms of materials used and ballistics.
- Another object of at least one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a jacketed bullet and a high-speed method of manufacturing such bullets which may be "lead free”, have good “stopping power” and at least partially satisfy the public's need for situational ammunition.
- the method may include providing tubing made of a first material.
- the tubing defines an inner diameter and an outer diameter.
- the method may also include inserting a wire into the tubing to form composite tubular stock.
- the wire is made of a second material and defines a wire diameter.
- the first and second materials are different from one another.
- the method may further include bonding the inner surface of the tubing to the outer surface of the inserted wire to form bonded tubular stock. After the bonding step, the inner diameter of the tubing is substantially equal to the wire diameter such that, when viewed in section, the wire completely fills the tubing.
- the method may also include cutting the bonded tubular stock to form workpieces of a desired length. Finally, the method includes warm or cold forging the workpieces to form jacketed bullets.
- the method may further include the steps of coiling the bonded tubular stock and uncoiling the coiled, bonded tubular stock prior to the step of cutting.
- the step of forging may be performed by a warm or cold forging machine.
- the machine may include a series of horizontal punches and dies.
- Each of the bullets may be configured to be received within a standard caliber, small or personal firearm cartridge.
- the second material may be harder than the first material.
- the first and second materials may be first and second metals, respectively.
- the tubing may be seamless metal tubing.
- the metal may be copper or a copper alloy.
- the step of forging may include forming a nose for each of the bullets.
- the nose may include exposed material of the second material.
- the step of bonding may include a step of drawing the tubular stock.
- a jacketed bullet made from warm or cold-forging-grade, composite stock is provided.
- the bullet includes an outer jacket formed of a first metallic material.
- the outer jacket defines an inner diameter and an outer diameter and making up a percentage of a total cross- sectional area of the bullet.
- the bullet also includes an inner core formed of a second metallic material.
- the inner core material comprises a solid metallic wire defining a core diameter and making up the balance of the cross-sectional area of the bullet.
- the first and second metallic materials are different from one another wherein the inner diameter is substantially equal to the core diameter such that, when viewed in section, the inner core completely fills the outer jacket.
- the outer jacket may comprise a tube.
- the bullet may be configured to be received within a standard caliber, small or personal firearm cartridge.
- the bullet may have a nose.
- the nose may include exposed material of the second material.
- the second metallic material may be harder than the first metallic material.
- the tube may be a seamless metal tube.
- the first metallic material may be copper or a copper alloy.
- the composite stock may comprise a solid coil of multi-metal wire such as a bi-metal wire.
- FIGURE 1 is a side schematic view of a .50 caliber cartridge case with a jacketed bullet manufactured in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 2 is a view, partially broken away and in cross section, taken along lines 2-2 of Figure 1 ;
- FIGURE 3 is a perspective schematic view, partially broken away, of tubing prior to the insertion of a wire therein;
- FIGURE 4 is a view similar to the view of Figure 4 after partial insertion of the wire into the tubing;
- FIGURE 5 is a sectional view, taken along lines 5-5 of Figure 4, of the resulting composite tubular stock after the wire has been completely inserted into the tubing;
- FIGURE 6 is a schematic, partial block diagram of the tubular stock being drawn by a drawing apparatus or machine wherein the drawn tubular stock is pulled by and coiled on a rotating drum;
- FIGURE 7 is a sectional view of the resulting drawn tubular stock taken along lines
- FIGURE 8 is a schematic, partial block diagram of the coiled, drawn tubular stock being cold forged by cold forging or heading equipment or apparatus to form jacketed bullets which are subsequently assembled with cartridge cases by ammunition assembly apparatus to form ammunition generally of the type shown in Figure 1 ;
- FIGURE 9 is a side schematic view, partially broken away and in cross section, showing uncoiled drawn tubular stock prior to cutting at a cutting station in the cold heading apparatus;
- FIGURE 10 is a view, similar to the view of Figure 9, after cutting the tubular stock to form a workpiece;
- FIGURE 1 1 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9 and 10, with the workpiece raised and just prior to entering a first cold forging or heading station;
- FIGURE 12 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9-11, showing the cut workpiece in the first forging station and the tubular stock just before cutting;
- FIGURE 13 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9-12, of the first workpiece being cold forged or worked in the second forging station;
- FIGURE 14 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9-13, with two workpieces in different forging stations of the cold forging or heading apparatus;
- FIGURE 15 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9-14, with multiple workpieces at various stages of forging and a finished bullet indicated by phantom lines.
- Figure 1 is a side schematic view of a .50 caliber cartridge case 20 with a jacketed bullet, generally indicated at 22, manufactured in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention to form a round of ammunition, generally indicated at 24.
- Figure 2 is a view, partially broken away and in cross section, taken along lines 2-2 of Figure 1.
- the bullet 22 may be manufactured in a number of ways.
- a composite article having a core of a first material such as steel may be clad with a second material such as copper in many ways such as illustrated in the following U.S. patents: 2,063,470; 3,470,607; 3,509,617; 3,894,675; 4, 134,528; 4, 156,500; 5,087,300; and 6,642,456.
- Figure 3 is a perspective schematic view, partially broken away, of tubing or a tube generally indicated at 26, prior to the insertion of a solid wire, generally indicated at 28.
- the tube 26 is typically a seamless copper or copper alloy tube 26 having an inner diameter and an outer diameter.
- the wire 28 is preferably a solid wire of a metal which is typically harder than the metal of the tube 26 (such as lead, tungsten, steel, stainless steel, etc.)
- the wall thickness of the copper tube 26 and diameter of the inner material 28, can be varied to allow for different bullet designs. These can include weight balancing, exposed tip, thicker copper jacket and other advantages for different applications (cost savings on material, different lethality, frangibility, environmental, etc.).
- Figure 4 is a view similar to the view of Figure 4 after partial insertion of the wire 28 into the tubing 26. There is a small amount of space between the wire 28 and the tubing 26 to permit insertion of the wire 28 into the tubing 26.
- Figure 5 is a sectional view of the resulting composite tubular stock, generally indicated at 30, after the wire 28 has been completely inserted into the tubing 26.
- Figure 6 is a schematic, partial block diagram of the tubular stock 30 being drawn by a drawing apparatus or machine.
- the drawn tubular stock 32 is pulled by and coiled on a rotating drum 34 which may aid in the drawing process.
- the stock 32 is essentially warm or cold-heading-grade, bi-metal wire.
- an extruding die and/or an induction coil may be used to bond the inner surface of the copper tubing and the outer surface of the solid core during bi-metal wire assembly.
- Figure 7 is a sectional view of the resulting bonded tubular stock 32 taken along lines
- the wire 28 substantially fills the tubing 26.
- the resulting metal-to-metal composite basically combines the desired physical and mechanical properties of the two materials in a single wire or stock.
- a sound metallurgic bond is formed between the outer surface 36 of the wire 28 and the inner surface 38 of the tubing 26.
- a bonding agent can be applied between the copper tubing and the solid wire core to keep them together during the subsequent forging or forming process described herein.
- Figure 8 is a schematic, partial block diagram of the coiled (for example on a drum 40 or the drum 34), drawn tubular stock 32 being cold forged by cold forging or heading equipment or apparatus to form the jacketed bullets 22 which are subsequently assembled with cartridge cases 20 by conventional ammunition assembly apparatus to form ammunition 24, generally of the type shown in Figure 1.
- warm forming or forging may be used to shape the bullets instead of cold heading.
- the cold heading apparatus can operate at 250- 300 parts per minute depending on the size of the bullet. This is in contrast with approximately 120 parts per minute of the prior art.
- Figure 9 is a side schematic view, partially broken away and in cross section, showing uncoiled drawn tubular stock 32 just prior to cutting at a cutting station 42 in the cold heading apparatus.
- the cold forging or heading apparatus is of a common design and typically has a series of horizontal dies 44 and correspondingly punches 46 located at forging stations 52, 54, 56 and 58 which follow the cutting station 42.
- Figure 10 is a view, similar to the view of Figure 9, after cutting the drawn tubular stock 32 at the cutting station 42 to form a workpiece or slug 48.
- Figure 11 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9 and 10, with the workpiece 48 raised by a rod 50 and just prior to entering the first cold forging or heading station 52 of the apparatus.
- Figure 12 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9-1 1 , with the cut workpiece 48 in the first forging station 52 and the tubular stock 32 just before cutting at the cutting station 42.
- Figure 13 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9-12, of the first workpiece 48 being cold forged or worked in the second forging station 54.
- Figure 14 is a view, similar to the views of Figure 9-13, with two workpieces 48 being forged at different forging stations 56 and 58 in the cold forging or heading apparatus.
- Figure 15 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 9-14, with multiple workpieces 48 in various stages of forging at forging stations 52, 54, 56 and 58 and a finished bullet exiting the apparatus by phantom lines 22 at an exit station 60 (also shown in Figure 14).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention se rapporte à une balle chemisée et à un procédé rapide de fabrication de balles chemisées. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à utiliser une masse composite possédant un noyau d'un premier matériau enrobé d'un second matériau différent du premier matériau. L'objet composite est découpé pour former des pièces d'une longueur souhaitée. Les pièces sont ensuite forgées à chaud ou à froid pour former des balles chemisées.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/057,032 US20150107481A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2013-10-18 | Jacketed bullet and high-speed method of manufacturing jacketed bullets |
US14/057,032 | 2013-10-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015057926A2 true WO2015057926A2 (fr) | 2015-04-23 |
WO2015057926A3 WO2015057926A3 (fr) | 2015-11-12 |
Family
ID=52825045
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2014/060833 WO2015057926A2 (fr) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-10-16 | Balle chemisée et procédé rapide de fabrication de balles chemisées |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150107481A1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW201525410A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015057926A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2920542B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-15 | 2017-04-26 | RUAG Ammotec GmbH | Projectile à noyau soudé |
US9719763B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2017-08-01 | Shawn C. Hook | Reusable polyurethane projectile |
US9366516B2 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-06-14 | Shawn C. Hook | Resueable polyurethane projectile |
EP3043932B1 (fr) * | 2013-09-13 | 2017-05-31 | BAE Systems PLC | Production de munitions améliorée |
USD759189S1 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-06-14 | Sipdark Llc | Whiskey bullet |
USD754222S1 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2016-04-19 | Sipdark Llc | Whiskey bullet |
USD754223S1 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2016-04-19 | Sipdark Llc | Whiskey bullet |
USD753339S1 (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2016-04-05 | Medipath, Inc. | Personal vaporizer |
US10900759B2 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-01-26 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles |
USD884445S1 (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-19 | Fairly Odd Treasures, LLC. | Key chain bottle opener |
KR102374257B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-03-15 | 주식회사 에이엠씨이엔지 | 탄두 코어 성형 방법 |
US20240102780A1 (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2024-03-28 | Federal Cartridge Company | Bullet forming process |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2403260C2 (de) * | 1974-01-24 | 1984-11-08 | kabelmetal electro GmbH, 3000 Hannover | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbunddrahtes |
US4980964A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1991-01-01 | Jan Boeke | Superconducting wire |
US5943749A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-08-31 | The Nippert Company | Method of manufacturing a hollow point bullet |
US8783187B2 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2014-07-22 | Amick Family Revocable Living Trust | Firearm projectiles and cartridges and methods of manufacturing the same |
BRPI1002661A2 (pt) * | 2010-03-15 | 2012-11-27 | Bundy Refrigeracao Brasil Ind E Com Ltda | processo da junção do tubo bimetálico com terminais de cobre e produto obtido |
-
2013
- 2013-10-18 US US14/057,032 patent/US20150107481A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-10-16 WO PCT/US2014/060833 patent/WO2015057926A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-10-17 TW TW103136038A patent/TW201525410A/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150107481A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
WO2015057926A3 (fr) | 2015-11-12 |
TW201525410A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
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