WO2015056766A1 - 多機能金属ナノ構造体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
多機能金属ナノ構造体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015056766A1 WO2015056766A1 PCT/JP2014/077633 JP2014077633W WO2015056766A1 WO 2015056766 A1 WO2015056766 A1 WO 2015056766A1 JP 2014077633 W JP2014077633 W JP 2014077633W WO 2015056766 A1 WO2015056766 A1 WO 2015056766A1
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- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
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- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/5748—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving oncogenic proteins
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- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
- G01N33/57492—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites involving compounds localized on the membrane of tumor or cancer cells
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/585—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
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- G01N2333/82—Translation products from oncogenes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a medical multifunctional metal nanostructure used for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. That is, a method for coating the surface of a metal nanostructure with a plurality of functional molecules to produce a stable colloidal dispersion, a multifunctional metal nanostructure by the method, and the multifunctional metal nanostructure Containing products.
- metal nanostructures such as metal nanoparticles and rods
- biomolecules such as peptides and nucleic acids, biocompatible polymers, and functional molecules such as fluorescent molecules are bound to the surface of metal nanostructures for use in disease detection, etc.
- functional molecules such as fluorescent molecules
- gold nanostructures using gold as a metal component have been widely developed because gold is stable as a substance and has low toxicity.
- Colorimetric sensors using the optical properties of gold nanostructures and sensors using surface plasmon resonance are used in various tests such as a home pregnancy test kit.
- metal nanostructures are coated with specific molecules on the surface, and are also used as probes for dark field microscopes and electron microscopes. Furthermore, attempts have been made to coat the surface of a gold nanostructure with a target molecule that recognizes a specific cell such as a cancer cell and a therapeutic agent and use it as a therapeutic carrier.
- the functionalization of the surface of these metal nanostructures is carried out by mixing functional molecules in a colloidal solution in which the metal nanostructures serving as nuclei are dispersed in a liquid medium such as water, and then spontaneously changing pH or Modification is performed by using a metal nanoparticle-functional molecule binding reaction caused by an external stimulus such as temperature change.
- one end of a biocompatible polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) is first bonded to the surface of the nanostructure, and the entire nanostructure is modified. Since repulsion between particles occurs due to steric hindrance by the polymer, the colloid is stabilized and aggregation is suppressed.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- target functional molecule is bonded to the other end of polymer by chemical reaction. That is, this is a method in which a target functionalized molecule is bonded to the outer layer of a polymer via a polymer (Non-Patent Document 1).
- the second method is a method in which the pH of a colloid solution is adjusted in accordance with a specific protein or peptide to be surface-modified, and surface modification is performed under the specific pH (Non-patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for modifying a functional molecule by adjusting the surface coverage, and stabilized colloidal nanoparticles obtained by the modification.
- colloidal particles described in Patent Document 1 are stabilized colloidal nanoparticles, they are not optimized for use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications by binding peptides, aptamers, and the like.
- Sensitivity and accuracy are required to detect biomolecules such as specific proteins for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
- biomolecules such as specific proteins for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
- biomolecules are diverse, there are also various functional molecules that bind to them. It is necessary to further optimize the surface modification method in order to apply it to various biomolecules and use it for treatment and diagnosis.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention comprises at least one colloid-stabilized functional molecule covering 30 to 90% of the surface of the metal nanostructure, and at least one biological molecule having an amino acid at the terminal.
- the surface of the metal nanostructure is covered with a functional molecule.
- Colloid-stabilized functional molecules suppress the aggregation of metal nanostructures, and bind to target molecules with biological functional molecules that are reactive with in vivo molecules. This is because it can be applied.
- the entire region of the surface of the metal nanoparticle is not covered by the colloid-stabilized functional molecule but is partially covered. Covering with a colloid-stabilized functional molecule ensures dispersibility in aqueous solution and is a partial coating. Molecules can bind.
- the coverage of the colloid-stabilized functional molecule is less than 30%, the metal nanostructures tend to aggregate and cannot be obtained as a stable colloid. Moreover, since the area
- Biologically functional molecules having an amino acid at the terminal include various peptides such as antibodies, synthetic peptides and peptide hormones that bind to specific molecules. Further, peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or a molecule in which a linker is bound to nucleic acid is included, and the linker is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing an amino group.
- PNA peptide nucleic acid
- the linker is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing an amino group.
- the colloid-stabilized functional molecule is represented by the following general formula (1).
- n represents an integer of 1 or more. It is characterized by including the compound represented by these.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is characterized in that the compound of the general formula (1) is polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof.
- polyethylene glycol Since polyethylene glycol has good biocompatibility, it can be administered to a living body by binding a therapeutic agent for a specific target such as cancer cells.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is characterized by having a thiol group or a disulfide group at at least one end of the colloid-stabilized functional molecule.
- colloid-stabilized functional molecule By using one end of the colloid-stabilized functional molecule as a functional group having thiol (-SH) or disulfide (-SS-), it is easily bonded to the metal substrate. Therefore, it is possible to reliably coat the metal nanostructure with the colloid-stabilized functional molecule.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention comprises a functional group having thiol (-SH) or disulfide (-SS-) at one end of the colloid-stabilized functional molecule, and the other end has a methoxy group. And at least one of an amino group, a carboxy group, an acyl group, an azo group, and a carbonyl group.
- a peptide that is a biological functional molecule can bind to a colloid-stabilized functional molecule. As a result, the surface area to which the biological functional molecule can bind is expanded.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is a metal nanoparticle, which is a noble metal nanoparticle or an alloy nanoparticle containing a noble metal.
- the metal nanostructure is a noble metal nanoparticle such as platinum or an alloy containing a noble metal, it has a large scattering coefficient with respect to radiation, and therefore can be used as a contrast agent for X-rays, particle beams and the like.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is characterized in that the metal nanoparticles are gold nanoparticles or alloy nanoparticles containing gold.
- the target cells can be killed by accumulating in target cells such as cancer cells using biological functional molecules and generating heat by electromagnetic waves.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is characterized in that the biologically functional molecule contains at least a peptide.
- a peptide having a molecular weight of 200 or more and 10,000 or less that binds to a target molecule can efficiently coat the metal nanostructure. Therefore, it is possible to detect the target molecule with high sensitivity, and it can be expected to obtain a high effect even when used for treatment.
- the present invention is characterized in that it is a dispersion liquid in which the multifunctional metal nanostructure is dispersed in a liquid.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention has a surface coated with a colloid-stabilized functional molecule, so it is very stably dispersed in the liquid. Therefore, it is very easy to handle.
- a biological functional molecule is bound, it can be provided in a form that can be used immediately in the field of diagnosis and treatment.
- the present invention is a lyophilized product containing the multifunctional metal nanostructure, wherein the dispersion is frozen.
- freeze-dried product By using a freeze-dried product, long-term storage and transportation stability can be ensured, and even when biological functional molecules such as peptides are bound, it can be supplied as a stable product.
- the diagnostic and / or therapeutic composition of the present invention is characterized by including the multifunctional metal nanostructure.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is a metal nanostructure to which a biological functional molecule is bound, it can be accumulated in a desired organ, an affected area, and the like. It can also be used for hyperthermia. Moreover, it can be used as what is called an imaging agent which detects a cancer cell etc. by couple
- multifunctional metal nanostructures combined with anticancer agents and cytostatic agents can be accumulated in target cells, and treatment with few side effects can be achieved. Can be done.
- the method for producing a multifunctional metal nanostructure according to the present invention includes a step of preparing a metal nanostructure dispersed in water or an electrolyte, and a surface coverage of the metal nanostructure is measured by a physical quantity, and the metal nanostructure
- the method includes a step of coating 30 to 90% of the body surface with a colloid-stabilized functional molecule, and a step of coating the surface of the metal nanostructure with one or more biological functional molecules.
- the surface coating amount of the metal nanostructure can be monitored by measuring a physical quantity. Therefore, it is possible to first coat the colloid-stabilized functional molecule with a controlled coverage, and then coat the biological functional molecule while monitoring the coverage as well. Therefore, it is possible to coat the colloid-stabilized functional molecule and the biological functional molecule at an optimum ratio.
- the coverage of the surface of the metal nanostructure can be obtained in advance under predetermined coating conditions, and the colloid-stabilized functional molecule can be coated on the basis thereof.
- the surface of the metal nanostructure can be coated with a desired coverage with good reproducibility by determining and coating the conditions.
- the method for producing a multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is characterized in that the electrical conductivity of a dispersion liquid in which the metal nanostructure is dispersed in water or an electrolyte is about 25 ⁇ S / cm or less.
- each step The surface coating amount of the metal nanostructure is adjusted by a physical quantity, and the first biological functional molecule to the (N-1) th biological functional molecule as the biological functional molecule , In turn, each step of partially covering not to occupy all of the effective surface area, and surface coverage by the Nth biological functional molecule until the effective area of the metal nanostructure surface is saturated It is characterized by doing.
- the coating can be performed while adjusting the amount of coating. It is possible to coat with.
- the method for producing a multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is characterized by including a step of removing excess molecules that do not bind to the metal nanostructure after each step.
- the method for producing a multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention is characterized in that the step of removing excess molecules is centrifugation or dialysis.
- the surplus molecules can be easily removed by removing the surplus molecules by centrifugation. Further, by removing excess molecules by dialysis, a drug that can be safely administered as a contrast agent or a therapeutic agent can be produced.
- the kit for producing the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention comprises a metal nanostructure partially coated with at least one colloid-stabilized functional molecule, and a biological functional molecule. And a buffer solution for coating.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of this invention is shown typically.
- the increase in hydrodynamic particle radius in mixed solutions with different ratios of PEG molecules and gold nanoparticles is shown.
- the modification rate of the gold nanoparticle surface by the ratio of the number of different PEG molecules and the number of gold nanoparticles is shown. It shows that aggregation of gold nanoparticles coated with PEG is suppressed.
- Cell staining image with multifunctional gold nanoparticles modified with plectin-binding peptide The figure which shows the fluorescence intensity of a fluorescence label multifunctional gold nanoparticle.
- colloid stabilizing functional molecule of the present invention any molecule may be used as long as it has an effect of preventing aggregation of colloidal particles.
- the particles are less likely to come closer than a certain distance due to steric hindrance due to the coated molecules, so that the particles are less likely to aggregate. Therefore, any polymer that can coat the metal surface may be used.
- polyethylene glycol PEG
- polyacrylamide polysaccharide
- polydecyl methacrylate polymethacrylate
- polystyrene polycaprolactone
- PLA polylactic acid
- PLGA poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- polyglycol examples thereof include acids (PGA), polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), polymer hydrocarbons, and derivatives and copolymers thereof.
- proteins such as dendrimers, aptamers, DNA, RNA, peptides, antibodies, albumin and the like.
- aptamers and proteins become molecules that cause aggregation.
- some aptamers and proteins do not cause aggregation and induce only steric hindrance, and some of them can act as colloid-stabilizing functional molecules.
- SDS sodium® Dodecyl® Sulfate
- LDS® Lithium® Dodecyl® Sulfate
- Tween 20 Tween 80
- Triton-X100 surfactants such as cholic acids, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the like may be used.
- the colloid-stabilized functional molecule is coated in a controlled amount so that the metal nanoparticle surface is partially coated, as schematically shown in FIG. This is very important.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of PEG
- the colloid is stabilized.
- biological functional molecules examples of peptides are shown in FIG. 1
- bond includes all bond forms such as a covalent bond, a hydrogen bond, an ionic bond, and a van der Waals bond.
- the PEG suitably used in the present invention preferably has a molecular weight of about 500 to 100,000, although it depends on the molecular weight of the biological functional molecule to be bound as the second functional molecule.
- Any biologically functional molecule of the present invention may be used as long as it is a molecule that is reactive with a biomolecule.
- nucleic acids and peptides that specifically bind to specific molecules such as antibodies and aptamers can be used.
- a linker having an amino group may be added as described above.
- the molecular weight is in the range of 200 or more and 10,000 or less, it can be expected to efficiently bind to the metal nanostructure.
- the present invention is not limited to peptides having a molecular weight of 200 or more and 10,000 or less, and various molecules including antibodies having a molecular weight exceeding 100,000 can be envisaged. Synthetic peptides that bind to specific molecules, various peptides such as peptide hormones, and their derivatives can also be mentioned as the biological functional molecules.
- a multifunctional metal nanostructure in which a fluorescent agent, a dye, or the like is bound together with an antibody or aptamer for binding to a target exhibits power in diagnosis and treatment using an endoscope.
- a target cell can be treated by binding a compound such as an anticancer agent together with a target molecule.
- a peptide having affinity for EpCAM Epidermal cell adhesion ⁇ molecule
- a cancer stem cell surface marker is used as a biological functional molecule to bind a colloid-stabilized functional molecule To the metal nanostructure.
- this multifunctional metal nanostructure is administered in vivo, the multifunctional metal nanostructure binds to the cancer lesion site.
- the cancer lesion site is depicted with the gold nanocolloid with an image diagnostic apparatus such as an X-ray examination, thereby enabling diagnosis.
- endoscopic mucosal resection EMD
- ESD endoscopic submucosal dissection
- endoscopic resection polypectomy
- a fluorescent dye is further bound to the multifunctional metal nanostructure, it is widely administered to the surgical field under the endoscope and irradiated with a fluorescence excitation laser, the cancer lesion site is fluorescent. It can be recognized as a site, and the surgical resection site can be specified.
- the metal nanostructure is excited by injecting some external physical energy such as electromagnetic waves such as microwaves and light, and ultrasonic waves.
- some external physical energy such as electromagnetic waves such as microwaves and light, and ultrasonic waves.
- heat there is a method of applying heat locally to the affected area.
- any energy level such as electron transition, lattice vibration, energy related to motion such as vibration / rotation of nanostructures, etc., as well as any combination of these energy levels is used. be able to.
- gold nanoparticles have plasmon resonance due to localized electron collective vibration modes, gold nanoparticles are selectively irradiated by irradiating laser light having a wavelength corresponding to this resonance energy. Excitation of energy.
- the temperature around the gold nanoparticles becomes high due to the thermal energy converted through the electron-lattice interaction and the lattice-lattice interaction. Since the cancer cells are killed at 42 ° C. or higher, they can be used for so-called hyperthermia of cancer.
- an anticancer drug can be further bound to the cancer stem cell as a drug delivery system targeting cancer stem cells.
- new blood vessels in cancer tissue are generally weaker and more permeable to substances than capillaries, so that the multifunctional metal nanostructure is easily accumulated in cancer tissue.
- the anticancer drug bonded to the metal nanostructure has a certain mass and reduces protein interaction, so it reacts with cells and tissues other than the target site and diffuses widely in the body. Is suppressed. For this reason, accumulation at the target site is performed, and as a result, an effect of suppressing dilution of side effects and medicinal effects can be expected.
- an amino acid cleaved by an intracellular protease such as cathepsin is used as a linker that binds the drug to the metal nanostructure. This is possible by using a linker containing the sequence.
- the material permeability of neovascularization of cancer tissue is larger than that of normal blood vessels, so delivery to normal tissue can be achieved by adjusting the size of the metal nanostructure. As a result, it is possible to increase the delivery to cancer tissue, and as a result, it is possible to develop a technique having few side effects and high effectiveness.
- HER2 human EGFR-related 2
- MUC1 mimembrane growth factor 1
- FGFR2 fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
- CD44 CD59, CD133, CD81
- VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor GF receptor-GF 1R
- EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
- IL-10 receptor IL-11 receptor
- IL-4 receptor PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth factor) receptor
- chemokine receptor Molecules E-cadherin, integrin, claudin, Fzd10, plectin (Plectin), TAG-72, Prestin, Clusterin, Nestin, Slectin, Tenascin C, Vimentin and other molecules are expressed in specific cancer cells or cancer stem cells It is known. Therefore, antibodies, aptamers and the like that bind to these molecules can be usefully used for diagnosis and treatment by binding to the metal nanostructure of the present invention.
- nucleic acid molecules such as antisense nucleic acid and decoy nucleic acid are linked to the metal nanostructure of the present invention by a linker and delivered into cells, which is useful for diagnosis and treatment. be able to.
- an amino acid at the end of the biologically functional molecule enables stable binding to the metal nanostructure, but the amino acid does not need to have a thiol group, that is, cysteine.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention can be provided as a dispersion or as a lyophilized product. If it is in the form of a dispersion, it can be used immediately, and if it is a lyophilized product, it can be stored for a long time.
- kits including a metal nanostructure partially covered with a colloid-stabilized functional molecule and a buffer for binding the biological functional molecule is provided.
- a metal nanostructure partially coated with a colloid-stabilized functional molecule the user can bind and use a desired biological functional molecule.
- the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples.
- Example 1 Surface coating of metal nanoparticles (1) Surface coating of partial metal nanoparticles with a first functional molecule, colloid-stabilized functional molecule of metal nanoparticles as the core of a multifunctional metal nanostructure
- a colloidal solution a colloidal solution of about 15 nm gold nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation in liquid, i-colloid Au15 (manufactured by IMRA America, USA) was prepared and used as a precursor. The concentration of gold nanoparticles is about 2.8 nM.
- the concentration of the total electrolyte contained in the colloid is preferably less impurity ions, and it is desirable that the electric conductivity is about 25 ⁇ S / cm or less.
- Chemically synthesized gold nanoparticle colloidal solutions made by a widely used citric acid reduction method or the like generally contain a large amount of impurity ions such as reaction by-products, and therefore have an electric conductivity of 200 ⁇ S / cm to 300 ⁇ S / cm. cm or more.
- These impurity ions may not only deteriorate the surface activity of the gold nanoparticles in the following surface coating process, but also the electrostatic repulsive force acting between the colloidal particles due to the presence of a large amount of impurity ions (electrolyte).
- the electric double layer which is the origin, becomes thin, and as a result, problems such as particle aggregation may occur in the molecular surface coating process.
- colloid-stabilized functional molecule thiolated methoxypolyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 5000, specifically mPEG-SH, 5k (CreativerePEGWorks) is dissolved in deionized water. Used.
- the mixing ratio of PEG and gold nanoparticles suitable for partially coating the metal nanoparticles with the colloid-stabilized functional molecule, that is, PEG, is determined.
- the ratio of PEG occupying the surface of the metal nanoparticles was estimated by the change in hydrodynamic particle size in dynamic scattering particle size measurement (DLS). Specifically, the particle diameter is measured using Zetasizer NanoZS (manufactured by Malvern, UK), and it is assumed that a value in which the amount of increase in radius is asymptotically approached is a saturated state with an occupation ratio of 100%. The rate of approaching this asymptote is defined as the coverage of the nanostructure surface.
- Fig. 2 shows the increase in hydrodynamic particle radius in a mixed solution of different ratios of PEG molecules and gold nanoparticles measured by DLS.
- the increase in hydrodynamic particle radius asymptotically approaches 10 nm with the increase in PEG relative to gold nanoparticles, and thus it is recognized that the vicinity of the radius increase of 10 nm is a saturated region close to 100% occupancy (FIG. 2 shown on the right vertical axis).
- the value of the ratio of the number of gold nanoparticles to the number of PEG molecules showing a sudden increase in hydrodynamic particle radius is 600 or less, for example, 100/1, 200 / At the point of 1,300 / 1, the state of partial surface coating by PEG shown in FIG. 1 is realized.
- the colloid-stabilized functional molecule covers about 30% or more of the metal surface. It seems necessary to do.
- the coverage was about Since the color change due to particle aggregation was confirmed with a colloid having a ratio value of 100/1 corresponding to 30%, it is considered necessary to cover the surface of the colloidal particles by about 30% or more.
- the ratio of the number of PEG molecules to the number of gold nanoparticles was changed from 10/1 (PEG amount 10 times) to 750/1 (PEG amount 750 times), and gold nanoparticles were coated with PEG in the same manner as described above.
- the surface modification rate was about 38% when the number of PEG molecules was 80 times the number of gold nanoparticles, and the surface modification rate was about 74% when 200 times.
- the surface-coated gold nanoparticles were then suspended in 10% NaCl close to the physiological salt concentration, and the aggregation of the gold nanoparticles was measured by absorbance ( FIG. 3B). It was revealed that aggregation of gold nanoparticles can be suppressed when the number of PEG molecules is more than 80 times the number of gold nanoparticles. Therefore, if the surface of the metal nanostructure is covered by 40% or more, a metal nanostructure with suppressed aggregation can be obtained.
- EpCAM-binding peptide KHLQCVRNICWSGGK (SEQ ID NO: 1, hereinafter referred to as EP114) in which a fluorescent molecule fluorescein (FITC) was bonded to the amino terminus was used.
- EpCAM is an antigen that is recognized to be expressed on the surface of cancer cells.
- Gold nanoparticles partially coated with PEG which is a colloid-stabilizing functional molecule, at a ratio of the number of PEG molecules to the number of gold nanoparticles of 100/1, 200/1, 300/1 were prepared.
- PEG which is a colloid-stabilizing functional molecule
- an EP114 peptide solution adjusted in concentration so that the number of EP114 peptides with respect to the final number of gold nanoparticles in the mixed solution is 2000 is added to the PEG / gold nanoparticle mixture and mixed.
- the peptide can be bound to PEG / gold nanoparticles by standing for about 12 to 24 hours.
- excess functional molecules can be removed using a conventional method such as centrifugation or dialysis.
- each mixture is placed in a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 16,000 g for 90 minutes at 4 ° C., the supernatant is removed, deionized water is added, and after washing by centrifugation again, Cell culture medium was added. As a result, an EP114 / PEG / gold nanoparticle composite dispersed in a cell culture medium was obtained.
- the final dispersion in the solution can be appropriately selected by the user depending on the purpose of using the multifunctional metal nanostructure.
- Example 2 Cell staining using a multifunctional metal nanostructure coated with EpCAM-binding peptide A colon cancer cell line, HT29, was used to conduct uptake into cells. First, spheroids of HT29 cells were formed using a 96-well type spheroid culture plate, EZ-Sphere TM (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).
- HT29, 4 ⁇ 10 5 cells were placed in 3 ml of D-MEM / F-12 medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 1: 1 Mixture, manufactured by GIBCO) at 20 ng / ml human EGF (Miltenyi Biotec), 20 ng / ml human FGF-2 (Miltenyi Biotec), 1/50 B-27 supplement ⁇ 50 (GIBCO), 1/100 Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution ⁇ 100 Suspended in a medium supplemented with Koganei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., dispensed into 200 ⁇ l of each well, and cultured in a CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C. for 72 hours.
- D-MEM / F-12 medium Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 1: 1 Mixture, manufactured by GIBCO
- EpCAM-binding peptide EP114 peptide, amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1
- EP114 control peptide amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2
- a part (about 20 ⁇ l) of spheroid and gold particle peptide complex is placed on a glass bottom dish (D110300, manufactured by Hamamatsu Nami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd.), and an inverted confocal laser microscope (FLUOVIEW® FV1000IX81 type, manufactured by Olympus Co., Ltd.) ) was irradiated with a 488 nm laser with a 40 ⁇ objective lens and observed using a filter for Alexa488.
- a glass bottom dish D110300, manufactured by Hamamatsu Nami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd.
- FLUOVIEW® FV1000IX81 type manufactured by Olympus Co., Ltd.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure coated with the EpCAM-binding peptide or control peptide used was prepared by using multifunctional metal nanoparticles according to the method described in Example 1. That is, the ratio of the number of PEG molecules to the number of gold nanoparticles is 100/1, 200/1, 300/1, and after the gold nanoparticles are partially coated, the number of each peptide corresponds to the number of gold nanoparticles. Multifunctional metal nanoparticles were prepared by mixing to 2000.
- a metal nanostructure with a peptide or antibody that binds to a surface antigen expressed in cancer cells, such as EpCAM, as a biologically functional molecule.
- a surface antigen expressed in cancer cells such as EpCAM
- Example 3 Cell staining using multifunctional metal nanostructures coated with plectin-binding peptide Plectin has recently been reported as a biomarker of pancreatic duct cancer, and its localization was detected by a peptide that binds to plectin. (Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4). Then, the binding evaluation experiment of the gold nanoparticle surface-modified with the peptide was performed using the plectin binding peptide.
- Colloid solution of gold nanoparticles i-colloid Au15 (manufactured by IMRA America) and FITC-PEG-SH (manufactured by NANOCOS) so that the ratio of the number of PEG molecules to the number of gold nanoparticles is 200/1. And coated.
- the modification rate was about 50%.
- the plectin-binding peptide obtained by amidating the C powder was coated so that the ratio of the number of peptides to the number of gold nanoparticles was adjusted to 600/1.
- two types of plectin-binding peptides were prepared, which were not given a linker having the following amino acid sequence.
- Bio Coat Poly-D-Lisine 8-well slide (Becton Dickinson) was inoculated with MIAPaCa2 at a concentration of 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well and cultured for 24 hours at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 conditions. did.
- the plate was washed twice with PBS, and encapsulated using Prolong gold antifade reagent with DAPI special packaging (Invitrogen).
- the specimen was observed using a dark field microscope (DMLP-Polarizing microscope, manufactured by LEICA) equipped with an HRA nano-imaging adapter (CytoVIVA). The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows the results using only PEG-coated gold nanoparticles, (b) using gold nanoparticles coated with a plectin-binding peptide with linker, and (c) using gold nanoparticles coated with a lectin-binding peptide without a linker.
- Indicates As is clear from these micrographs, compared to the gold nanoparticles (a) not modified with the plectin-binding peptide, in the gold nanoparticles (b) and (c) modified with the peptide, the scattered light signal from the gold nanoparticles is expressed in cells. Observed on the surface. In addition, as indicated by arrows, a strong signal is observed between cells, but it has been reported that plectin is released outside the cell, and it is considered that extracellular plectin is detected.
- Example 4 The application of the metal nanostructure modified by the present invention to flow cytometry was also examined. Gold nanoparticles only, gold nanoparticles coated with PEG, gold nanoparticles used in Example 3 coated with FITC-bound PEG, FITC-PEG-SH, and peptide further bound thereto The fluorescence intensity was measured using a sample.
- the excitation wavelength was 495 nm and the measurement fluorescence wavelength was set to 519 nm.
- Example 3 since the scattered light from the gold nanoparticles can be observed, the binding can be confirmed even using a detector that detects the scattered light, such as a dark field microscope.
- the method of the present invention can be used not only for EpCAM and plectin as described above, but also for cancer cells by arbitrarily selecting proteins expressed on the cell surface as biological functional molecules.
- various cells can be used for diagnosis and treatment as targets.
- the multifunctional metal nanostructure of the present invention can be used for various applications by binding arbitrary antibodies, aptamers, etc. for research, diagnosis, and therapeutic purposes.
Abstract
Description
(1)第1の機能性分子、コロイド安定化機能性分子による部分的金属ナノ粒子の表面被覆
多機能金属ナノ構造体の核となる金属ナノ粒子のコロイド溶液として、液中レーザーアブレーションで作製された約15nmの金ナノ粒子のコロイド液、i-colloid Au15(米国IMRA America社製)を用意し、前駆体として用いた。金ナノ粒子の濃度は約2.8nMである。
次に、第2の機能性分子である生物学的機能性分子として、ペプチドを結合させた例を示す。ペプチドとしては、アミノ末端に蛍光分子フルオレセイン(FITC)を結合させたEpCAM結合ペプチド、KHLQCVRNICWSGGK(配列番号1、以下、EP114という。)を用いた。なお、EpCAMはがん細胞でその細胞表面に発現していることが認められている抗原である。
大腸癌細胞株、HT29を用い、細胞への取り込み実験を行った。まず、96穴タイプのスフェロイド用培養プレート、EZ-SphereTM(旭硝子株式会社製)を使用して、HT29細胞のスフェロイドを形成させた。
プレクチンは膵管がんのバイオマーカーとして近年報告され、プレクチンに結合するペプチドによって、その局在の検出が行われている(非特許文献3、4)。そこで、プレクチン結合ペプチドを用いて、ペプチドで表面修飾されている金ナノ粒子の結合評価実験を行った。
リンカーあり:KTLLPTPGGC(配列番号3)
リンカーなし:KTLLPTP(配列番号4)
上記の比率でペプチドを被覆することにより、PEGによって被覆されていなかった約50%の部分が被覆され、金ナノ粒子の表面はほとんど被覆された状態となる。
本発明によって修飾した金属ナノ構造体のフローサイトメトリーへの適用についても検討を行った。金ナノ粒子のみ、金ナノ粒子にPEGを被覆したもの、実施例3で用いた金ナノ粒子をFITCが結合しているPEG、FITC-PEG-SHで被覆したもの、これにさらにペプチドを結合させたものを用いて蛍光強度を測定した。
Claims (17)
- 多機能金属ナノ構造体であって、
金属ナノ構造体表面の30~90%を被覆する少なくとも1種以上のコロイド安定化機能性分子と、
末端にアミノ酸を有する少なくとも1種以上の生物学的機能性分子とにより金属ナノ構造体表面が被覆されていることを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体。 - 請求項2記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体であって、
前記一般式(1)の化合物がポリエチレングリコール又はその誘導体であることを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体。 - 請求項1記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体であって、
前記コロイド安定化機能性分子の少なくとも1つの末端にチオール(‐SH)又はジスルフィド(‐S‐S‐)を有する官能基を有することを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体。 - 請求項4に記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体であって、
前記コロイド安定化機能性分子の一端が、チオール(‐SH)又はジスルフィド(‐S‐S‐)を有する官能基であり、
他端は、メトキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、アシル基、アゾ基、カルボニル基の少なくともいずれか1つを含むことを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体。 - 請求項1に記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体であって、
前記金属ナノ構造体が金属ナノ粒子であって、
該金属ナノ粒子が、貴金属ナノ粒子又は貴金属を含む合金ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体。 - 請求項6に記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体であって、
前記金属ナノ粒子が金ナノ粒子、又は金を含む合金ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体。 - 請求項1記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体であって、
前記生物学的機能性分子がペプチドを含むことを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体。 - 多機能金属ナノ構造体を液体中に分散した分散液であって、
請求項1記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体を含むことを特徴とする分散液。 - 多機能金属ナノ構造体を含む凍結乾燥品であって、
請求項9記載の分散液を凍結することを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体を含む凍結乾燥品。 - 多機能金属ナノ構造体を含む診断用及び/又は治療用組成物であって、
請求項1記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体を含むことを特徴とする診断用及び/又は治療用組成物。 - 多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法であって、
水あるいは電解液中に分散された金属ナノ構造体を用意する工程と、
物理量により金属ナノ構造体の表面被覆量を測定し、金属ナノ構造体表面の30~90%をコロイド安定化機能性分子によって被覆する工程と、
一種以上の生物学的機能性分子によって、金属ナノ構造体表面を被覆する工程とを含むことを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項12記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法であって、
前記金属ナノ構造体が水あるいは電解液中に分散された分散液の電気伝導度が25μS/cm程度以下であることを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項12記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法であって、
一種以上の前記生物学的機能性分子がN種類(Nは整数を表す。)の生物学的機能性分子である場合において、
各工程において前記金属ナノ構造体の表面被覆量を物理量よって調節し、
前記生物学的機能性分子として、第1番目の生物学的機能性分子から第(N-1)番目の生物学的機能性分子まで、順番に各々有効表面積の全てを占有しないように部分的に被覆する各工程と、
N番目の生物学的機能性分子によって、前記金属ナノ構造体表面の有効領域が飽和状態になるまで表面被覆することを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項12に記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法であって、
各工程の後に前記金属ナノ構造体に結合しない余剰分子を除去する工程を含むことを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項15に記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法であって、
余剰分子を除去する工程が遠心分離又は透析であることを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の多機能金属ナノ構造体を製造するためのキットであって、
少なくとも1種以上のコロイド安定化機能性分子により部分的に被覆された金属ナノ構造体と、
生物学的機能性分子を被覆するための緩衝液とを含むことを特徴とする多機能金属ナノ構造体を製造するキット。
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