WO2015053258A1 - Friction stir welding tool and method for joining laminated material - Google Patents

Friction stir welding tool and method for joining laminated material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015053258A1
WO2015053258A1 PCT/JP2014/076792 JP2014076792W WO2015053258A1 WO 2015053258 A1 WO2015053258 A1 WO 2015053258A1 JP 2014076792 W JP2014076792 W JP 2014076792W WO 2015053258 A1 WO2015053258 A1 WO 2015053258A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
probe
friction stir
stir welding
joining
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PCT/JP2014/076792
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
有治 木坂
文映 木村
利秀 箱田
正志 鳥井
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新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社
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Priority to JP2015528774A priority Critical patent/JP5879460B2/en
Publication of WO2015053258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015053258A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a friction stir welding tool used when a plate material obtained by stacking two kinds of materials is joined and joined, and a laminate material joining method using the friction stir welding tool.
  • Friction stir welding is known as one of the methods for joining the end surfaces of two members to be joined together.
  • a dedicated tool is used for friction stir welding.
  • the tool is composed of a projection called a probe that is completely inserted into a material to be joined and a part called a shoulder that serves to hold down the material to be joined that is plastically flowed.
  • Friction stir welding is a method of joining by inserting a tool into a butt portion, rotating the tool in a pressurized state, and generating frictional heat and plastic flow of the materials to be joined.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a friction stir welding method in which a clad material (laminated material) is joined as a material to be joined.
  • This cladding material is composed of a carbon steel layer and a highly corrosion-resistant material (cladding layer), and is required for both corrosion resistance and strength, such as line pipes used in highly corrosive environments such as hydrogen sulfide atmosphere.
  • the clad layer arranged on the pipe inner surface side is first joined by arc welding using a welding material for high corrosion resistance material, and then placed on the pipe outer surface side.
  • the carbon steel layer was joined by arc welding using a welding material for high corrosion resistance material.
  • the clad layer and the carbon steel layer can be prevented from being mixed in one joining metal, so that the carbon steel layer and the clad layer can be joined simultaneously. At the same time, prevention of scratches at the joint, ensuring corrosion resistance on the surface of the cladding layer, and improving the laying efficiency have been achieved.
  • the present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and at the time of joining the laminated materials, a friction stir welding tool capable of reducing the size of the entire joining device while suppressing the occurrence of joining scratches, And it aims at providing the joining method of the laminated material using this friction stir welding tool.
  • the friction stir welding tool of the present invention is a friction stir welding tool for joining two laminated materials composed of a first layer and a second layer with their end surfaces butted against each other, comprising a tool body and the tool.
  • a protruding probe formed at one end in the axial direction of the main body, a shoulder formed closer to the other end of the tool body than the probe, and a predetermined gap between the probe and the shoulder
  • the flow promotion promotes plastic flow toward the tip of the probe in the lower layer portion of the two laminated materials as the probe rotates about the axis.
  • the flow promoting portion may be a male screw portion formed on the probe.
  • the probe when the two-layer laminated materials are friction stir welded together, the probe is inserted between the end surfaces of the two laminated materials, and the shoulder is placed on the upper layer of the two laminated members (second When the layer is brought into contact with the surface of the clad layer 122 in the embodiment to be described later, the flow promoting portion of the probe is disposed in the lower layer of the two laminated materials (first layer, that is, the carbon steel layer 121 in the embodiment to be described later).
  • a tool with an appropriate size i.e., a distance between the shoulder and the flow promoting portion, is larger than the thickness of the upper layer.
  • the first layer in the butt portion of the two laminated materials only the material in the first layer is agitated by the flow promoting portion, and the material in the second layer is not plastically flowed. It can suppress mixing with the material of the 1st layer plastically flowed by the promotion part. Therefore, the first layer and the second layer can be joined at the same time without mixing the first layer and the second layer at the butt portion of the two laminated materials. Even if the rotational speed of the tool is increased, the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer are not mixed. Furthermore, by forming the male screw part on the probe as the flow promoting part, the material of the first layer flows toward the tip of the probe, so the mixing of the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer is effective. Can be suppressed.
  • the method for joining laminated materials according to the present invention is a method for joining two laminated materials each consisting of a first layer and a second layer, using the friction stir welding tool described above,
  • the two laminated materials are arranged such that their end faces are brought into contact with each other, and the friction stir welding tool in which the distance between the shoulder and the flow promoting portion is larger than the thickness of the second layer of the laminated material, While rotating around an axis, the probe is inserted from the second layer toward the first layer at the abutting portion between the two end surfaces of the two laminated materials, while maintaining the rotation of the friction stir welding tool
  • the probe is moved along the abutting portion, and the two laminated materials are friction stir welded.
  • the friction stir welding tool in which a male screw part is formed on the probe as the flow promoting part may be rotated in a direction in which the male screw part is screwed into the butt part. Good.
  • the probe when the two-layer laminated materials are friction stir welded together, the probe is inserted between the end faces of the two laminated materials, and the shoulder is placed on the upper layer of the two laminated members (the first layer).
  • the flow promoting portion of the probe When brought into contact with the surface of the two layers, the flow promoting portion of the probe is arranged inside the lower layer (first layer) of the two laminated materials. For this reason, since only the material in the first layer is stirred by the flow promoting part and the material of the second layer is not plastically flowed, the material of the second layer is the same as the material of the first layer plastically flowed by the flow promoting part. It can suppress mixing.
  • the first layer and the second layer can be joined at the same time without mixing the first layer and the second layer at the butt portion of the two laminated materials. Even if the rotational speed of the tool is increased, the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer are not mixed. Furthermore, the material of the first layer flows toward the tip of the probe by the male screw part formed on the probe as a flow promoting part, effectively suppressing the mixing of the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer it can.
  • the friction stir welding tool in which the distance between the shoulder and the flow promoting portion is larger than the thickness of the upper layer (second layer) of the laminated material, the first in the butt portion of the two laminated materials.
  • the layers and the second layer can be joined simultaneously without mixing. Thereby, generation
  • the friction stir welding tool can be rotated with a small load, it is possible to reduce the size of the joining device that is mounted and driven.
  • the formation of the male screw portion on the probe as the flow promoting portion suppresses the generation of a joining flaw near the tip of the probe because the material of the first layer flows toward the tip of the probe. In addition, it is possible to more effectively prevent the occurrence of joint defects between the two laminated materials.
  • the friction stir welding tool 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the friction stir welding tool 1 is disposed in a butt portion 120 a where the end faces of two clad steel plates 120 (laminated materials) that are to-be-joined materials are abutted to each other, and the clad steel plates 120 are friction-bonded.
  • the joining material 100 is manufactured by stirring and joining.
  • the clad steel plate 120 is a member obtained by laminating a carbon steel layer 121 (first layer) and a clad layer 122 (second layer) laminated on the carbon steel layer 121.
  • the clad layer 122 is formed of a material having higher corrosion resistance than the carbon steel layer 121, and for example, a stainless steel material or the like is used.
  • the clad steel plate 120 will be described with the clad layer 122 side as the upper side and the carbon steel layer 121 side as the lower side.
  • the material of the friction stir welding tool 1 a material having higher strength than the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122 at a temperature higher than the melting point of the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122 is used.
  • the friction stir welding tool 1 includes a shoulder 5 that contacts the clad steel plate 120 during joining, a probe 6 that protrudes downward from the shoulder 5, and a probe 6 and a tool body 8 that supports the shoulder 5. I have.
  • the tool body 8 has a cylindrical shape centered on the axis O, is attached to a friction stir welding apparatus (not shown), and can rotate around the axis O.
  • the shoulder 5 is a portion that is provided on the lower surface of the tool body 8 and is in contact with the cladding layer 122, and is formed closer to the other end of the tool body 8 than the probe 6 formed at one end of the tool body 8,
  • the diameter of the shoulder 5 in the direction intersecting the axis O is larger than the diameter of the probe 6.
  • the shoulder 5 is supported from above by the tool body 8 and is rotatable around the axis O.
  • a pressing load is applied to the cladding layer 122 via the tool body 8 in the stacking direction in which the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122 are stacked, that is, downward. ing.
  • the probe 6 is provided integrally with the shoulder 5 so as to protrude downward on the concentric shaft from the shoulder 5, and can rotate around the axis O together with the shoulder 5. That is, the probe 6 is supported from above by the shoulder 5.
  • the probe 6 has a cylindrical shape with the axis O as the center, and the diameter gradually decreases as the distance from the shoulder 5 decreases, that is, as it goes downward.
  • the probe 6 is inserted into the abutting portion 120 a in a state where the shoulder 5 is in contact with the cladding layer 122.
  • the probe 6 has the shoulder 5 in contact with the cladding layer 122 and below the boundary portion B between the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122, that is, the carbon steel layer 121.
  • a male screw portion 7 (flow promoting portion) is formed from the middle position on the side to the tip portion 6a on the carbon steel layer 121 side.
  • the male threaded portion 7 is formed with a predetermined interval from the shoulder 5, and the interval is larger than the thickness of the cladding layer 122. For this reason, when the two clad steel plates 120 are joined, the plastic flow toward the tip of the probe 6 is promoted to the carbon steel layer 121 below the clad steel plate 120 as the probe 6 rotates.
  • the male screw portion 7 is formed in a direction to be screwed into the butt portion 120 a as the probe 6 rotates.
  • the friction stir welding tool 1 when the friction stir welding tool 1 is viewed from above as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1, the friction stir welding tool 1 rotates counterclockwise, and thus is formed as a left-hand thread.
  • the tool insertion pressing step S2 is executed. That is, the tool 5 is inserted from above the butted portion 120 a where the end surfaces of the clad steel plates 120 are butted together, and the shoulder 5 is pressed against the clad layer 122. At this time, naturally, the probe 6 is completely inserted into the clad steel plate 120.
  • the joining step S3 is executed. That is, while maintaining the rotation of the shoulder 5 and the probe 6, the shoulder 5 and the probe 6 are connected to the friction stir welding device (not shown) along the extending direction of the butt portion 120 a (the direction toward the paper surface of FIG. 1, that is, the joining direction). It is moved according to the figure.
  • the male screw portion 7 is positioned below the boundary portion B in a state where the shoulder 5 is in contact with the cladding layer 122 and the probe 6 is inserted into the abutting portion 120a at the time of joining. Therefore, the male screw portion 7 is disposed only in the carbon steel layer 121.
  • the male screw portion 7 is formed over the entire area of the probe 6, the male screw portion 7 is arranged between the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122 at the time of joining. For this reason, the clad layer 122 plastically flowed by frictional stirring flows toward the carbon steel layer 121, and the carbon steel layer 121 and the clad layer 122 may be mixed as shown in FIG.
  • problems such as a decrease in corrosion resistance of the formed bonding metal (stirring portion) occur.
  • the male screw portion 7 is formed with a predetermined gap between the shoulder 5 and when the two clad steel plates 120 are joined together, the shoulder 5 and the male screw portion 7
  • the friction stir welding tool 1 whose distance is larger than the thickness of the upper clad layer 122
  • the male screw portion 7 is positioned below the boundary portion B between the carbon steel layer 121 and the clad layer 122.
  • the carbon steel layer 121 in which the material of the carbon steel layer 121 is plastically flowed by the male screw portion 7 is used. It can suppress mixing with the material of. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to perform bonding while maintaining the boundary portion B between the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122.
  • the male screw portion 7 is formed so that the probe 6 is screwed into the abutting portion 120 a as the probe 6 rotates, the carbon steel layer 121 flows toward the tip end portion 6 a of the probe 6 at the abutting portion 120 a. To do. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of bonding flaws at the tip 6a of the probe 6.
  • the size of the joining device depends on the size of the motor that rotates the friction stir welding tool, and the size of this motor is governed by the load torque applied to the motor during joining. There is an inversely proportional relationship between the rotational speed of the tool and the motor load torque. When the rotational speed of the tool is fast, the motor load torque decreases. When the rotational speed of the tool is slow, the motor load torque increases. .
  • the friction stir welding tool 1 of the present embodiment even when the rotational speed is increased, the mixing of the two types of materials of the clad steel material 120 can be suppressed, so that the motor load torque can be joined in a small state. It is. Therefore, the size of the joining device can be reduced.
  • the friction stir welding tool 1 of the present embodiment it is possible to suppress the occurrence of welding flaws by the male screw portion 7 located only in the carbon steel layer 121 at the time of joining.
  • the rotational speed of the friction stir welding tool 1 can be increased, the size of the welding apparatus can be reduced.
  • the end surfaces of the clad steel pipe 120 ⁇ / b> A in which the carbon steel layer 121 is arranged on the outer peripheral side and the clad layer 122 is arranged on the inner peripheral side are butted together.
  • the clad steel pipe 120A is spliced to produce the joining material 100A.
  • the friction stir welding apparatus can be reduced by the external thread portion 7 of the friction stir welding tool 1, even if the clad steel pipe 120A has a small diameter, the friction stir welding apparatus is inserted into the clad steel pipe 120A. It becomes possible to join by inserting.
  • the probe 6 may be inserted from the carbon steel layer 121 side and bonded, contrary to the above-described embodiment.
  • the clad steel plate 120 (clad steel pipe 120A) is not limited to the combination of the carbon steel layer 121 and the clad layer 122, but carbon steel and duplex stainless steel, carbon steel and nickel base alloy, carbon steel and titanium alloy, and the like. Various clad materials may be used.
  • the present invention can be applied to a case where, instead of the clad steel plate 120 (the clad steel pipe 120A), two kinds of materials are overlapped and joined in the thickness direction.
  • Such materials include, for example, a laminate of stainless steel and carbon steel, a laminate of aluminum alloy and carbon steel, a laminate of carbon steel and cast iron, a laminate of magnesium alloy and carbon steel, an aluminum alloy and magnesium For example, an alloy laminate.
  • the male screw portion 7 does not necessarily have to be formed in the entire region of the probe 6 that is located in the carbon steel layer 121, and may be formed at least at the tip portion 6 a of the probe 6.
  • the male screw portion 7 is used as a flow promoting portion that causes the carbon steel layer 121 to flow toward the tip portion 6 a of the probe 6.
  • a protrusion protruding from the surface of the probe 6 toward the outside in the radial direction of the axis O, or a notch portion cut out from the surface of the probe 6 toward the inside in the radial direction is formed. Also good. That is, it is not limited to the male screw portion 7 as long as it promotes the flow toward the tip portion 6 a with respect to the material of the carbon steel layer 121 around the probe 6.
  • the present invention relates to a friction stir welding tool capable of reducing the size of the entire joining device while suppressing the occurrence of joining scratches when joining the end surfaces of two members, and the friction stir welding tool.
  • the present invention relates to a method for joining the laminated materials used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to reduce the overall size of a joining device as a whole while minimizing joint damage when joining laminated material. The present invention employs a friction stir welding tool (1) for joining two pieces of laminated material (120), each comprising a first layer (121) and a second layer (122), while the end faces thereof are mutually abutting, said friction stir welding tool (1) being provided with a tool body (8), a projecting probe (6) formed at one end of the tool body (8) in the axial direction, a shoulder (5) formed closer to the other end of the tool body (8) than the probe (6) and having a larger diameter in a direction orthogonal to the axis than that of the probe (6), and a flow promotion portion (7) formed on the probe (6) and spaced apart from the shoulder (5) by a predetermined distance. The flow promotion portion (7) promotes plastic flow toward the tip of the probe (6) in the lower layer portion of the two pieces of laminated material (120) when the probe (6) is rotating about the axis thereof during joining of the two pieces of laminated material (120).

Description

摩擦撹拌接合工具、及び積層材の接合方法Friction stir welding tool and laminated material joining method
　本発明は、二種類の材料を重ね合わせた板材同士を突き合わせて接合する際に用いる摩擦撹拌接合工具、及び摩擦撹拌接合工具を用いた積層材の接合方法に関する。
　本願は、２０１３年１０月７日に日本に出願された特願２０１３－２１０１５３号に対して優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。 The present invention relates to a friction stir welding tool used when a plate material obtained by stacking two kinds of materials is joined and joined, and a laminate material joining method using the friction stir welding tool.
This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-210153 filed in Japan on October 7, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
　従来から、被接合材となる二つの部材の端面同士を突き合わせて接合する方法の一つとして摩擦撹拌接合が知られている。摩擦撹拌接合には、専用の工具が用いられる。工具は、被接合材の中に完全に挿入されるプローブと呼ばれる突起と、塑性流動される被接合材を押えこむ役割のショルダと呼ばれる部分とで構成される。摩擦撹拌接合は、突合せ部に工具を挿入し、加圧した状態で工具を回転させ、被接合材の摩擦熱と塑性流動とを発生させることによって接合する方法である。 Conventionally, friction stir welding is known as one of the methods for joining the end surfaces of two members to be joined together. A dedicated tool is used for friction stir welding. The tool is composed of a projection called a probe that is completely inserted into a material to be joined and a part called a shoulder that serves to hold down the material to be joined that is plastically flowed. Friction stir welding is a method of joining by inserting a tool into a butt portion, rotating the tool in a pressurized state, and generating frictional heat and plastic flow of the materials to be joined.
　ここで、特許文献１には、被接合材としてクラッド材（積層材）を接合する摩擦撹拌接合方法が開示されている。このクラッド材は、炭素鋼層と高耐食性材料(クラッド層)とから構成され、耐食性と強度の両方が要求されるような、例えば硫化水素雰囲気等の高腐食環境に使用されるラインパイプなどに用いられる材料である。従来のラインパイプなどに用いられる当該クラッド材の現地溶接は、まずパイプ内面側に配置されたクラッド層を高耐食性材料用の溶接材料を用いたアーク溶接で接合し、その後パイプ外面側に配置された炭素鋼層を高耐食性材料用の溶接材料を用いたアーク溶接で接合する方法で行われていた。
　このクラッド材に摩擦撹拌接合を適用することで、一つの接合金属内でクラッド層と炭素鋼層とを混合させないことができるため、炭素鋼層とクラッド層とを同時に接合することが可能であるとともに、接合部分のキズ発生の防止、クラッド層表面の耐食性の確保、および敷設能率の向上などが達成されている。 Here, Patent Document 1 discloses a friction stir welding method in which a clad material (laminated material) is joined as a material to be joined. This cladding material is composed of a carbon steel layer and a highly corrosion-resistant material (cladding layer), and is required for both corrosion resistance and strength, such as line pipes used in highly corrosive environments such as hydrogen sulfide atmosphere. The material used. In the field welding of the clad material used for conventional line pipes, etc., the clad layer arranged on the pipe inner surface side is first joined by arc welding using a welding material for high corrosion resistance material, and then placed on the pipe outer surface side. The carbon steel layer was joined by arc welding using a welding material for high corrosion resistance material.
By applying friction stir welding to this clad material, the clad layer and the carbon steel layer can be prevented from being mixed in one joining metal, so that the carbon steel layer and the clad layer can be joined simultaneously. At the same time, prevention of scratches at the joint, ensuring corrosion resistance on the surface of the cladding layer, and improving the laying efficiency have been achieved.
特開２０１１－２５５４１６号公報JP 2011-255416 A
　しかしながら、特許文献１に記載の接合方法を用いる場合、クラッド層と炭素鋼層との混合を防止するためには、工具の回転速度を比較的低速にする必要があるため、工具を回転させるモータに作用する負荷トルクが大きくなってしまう。この結果、大きな負荷トルクに対応するため、モータ等およびギアボックスなどの駆動系が大型化してしまい、かつこれらを支持するフレームの強度向上も必要となり、接合装置全体の大型化は避けられない。ここで例えば、クラッド鋼管同士を突き合わせて管の内面側から摩擦撹拌接合を行ってクラッドパイプラインを敷設する場合などでは、接合装置を管内に挿入する必要がある。
しかし、接合装置が大型化すると接合装置のクラッド鋼管への挿入が困難となってしまう。 However, when using the joining method described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to make the rotation speed of the tool relatively low in order to prevent mixing of the cladding layer and the carbon steel layer. As a result, the load torque acting on the motor increases. As a result, in order to cope with a large load torque, the drive system such as a motor and a gear box is increased in size, and the strength of the frame that supports them is required to be increased. Here, for example, when clad steel pipes are brought into contact with each other and friction stir welding is performed from the inner surface side of the pipes to lay a clad pipeline, it is necessary to insert a joining device into the pipes.
However, when the joining apparatus is enlarged, it becomes difficult to insert the joining apparatus into the clad steel pipe.
　本発明はこのような事情を考慮してなされたものであり、積層材の接合時に、接合キズの発生を抑制しつつ、かつ接合装置全体の小型化を図ることが可能な摩擦撹拌接合工具、及び、この摩擦撹拌接合工具を用いた積層材の接合方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and at the time of joining the laminated materials, a friction stir welding tool capable of reducing the size of the entire joining device while suppressing the occurrence of joining scratches, And it aims at providing the joining method of the laminated material using this friction stir welding tool.
　本発明の摩擦撹拌接合工具は、第一層と第二層とからなる二つの積層材を、それらの端面同士を突き合わせて接合するための摩擦撹拌接合工具であって、工具本体と、前記工具本体の軸方向の一端に形成された突起状のプローブと、前記プローブよりも前記工具本体の他端寄りに形成されたショルダと、前記プローブに、前記ショルダとの間に所定の間隔を空けて形成され、前記二つの積層材を接合する際、前記プローブの前記軸を中心とする回転に伴って、前記二つの積層材の下層部分に前記プローブの先端部へ向かう塑性流動を促進する流動促進部とを備える。 The friction stir welding tool of the present invention is a friction stir welding tool for joining two laminated materials composed of a first layer and a second layer with their end surfaces butted against each other, comprising a tool body and the tool. A protruding probe formed at one end in the axial direction of the main body, a shoulder formed closer to the other end of the tool body than the probe, and a predetermined gap between the probe and the shoulder When the two laminated materials are formed and joined, the flow promotion promotes plastic flow toward the tip of the probe in the lower layer portion of the two laminated materials as the probe rotates about the axis. A part.
　本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具において、前記流動促進部は、前記プローブに形成された雄ねじ部であってもよい。 In the friction stir welding tool according to the present invention, the flow promoting portion may be a male screw portion formed on the probe.
　本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具によれば、二層構造の積層材同士を摩擦撹拌接合する際、プローブが二つの積層材の端面間に挿入し、ショルダを二つの積層部材の上層（第二層、すなわち後述する実施形態におけるクラッド層１２２）表面に当接させると、プローブの流動促進部が二つの積層材の下層（第一層、すなわち後述する実施形態における炭素鋼層１２１）内部に配置されるように、適切なサイズ、すなわちショルダと流動促進部との間隔が上層の厚さよりも大きい工具を使用する。これにより、二つの積層材の突合せ部における第一層内で、流動促進部によって第一層内材料のみが撹拌され、第二層の材料が塑性流動されないので、第二層の材料が、流動促進部によって塑性流動された第一層の材料と混合されてしまうことを抑制できる。従って、二つの積層材の突合せ部において第一層と第二層とを混合させることなく同時に接合できる。また、工具の回転速度を速めたとしても、第一層の材料と第二層の材料とが混合されない。
　さらに、流動促進部としてプローブに雄ねじ部を形成することで、第一層の材料がプローブの先端部に向かって流動するので、第一層の材料と第二層の材料との混合を効果的に抑制できる。 According to the friction stir welding tool according to the present invention, when the two-layer laminated materials are friction stir welded together, the probe is inserted between the end surfaces of the two laminated materials, and the shoulder is placed on the upper layer of the two laminated members (second When the layer is brought into contact with the surface of the clad layer 122 in the embodiment to be described later, the flow promoting portion of the probe is disposed in the lower layer of the two laminated materials (first layer, that is, the carbon steel layer 121 in the embodiment to be described later). As can be seen, a tool with an appropriate size, i.e., a distance between the shoulder and the flow promoting portion, is larger than the thickness of the upper layer. Thereby, in the first layer in the butt portion of the two laminated materials, only the material in the first layer is agitated by the flow promoting portion, and the material in the second layer is not plastically flowed. It can suppress mixing with the material of the 1st layer plastically flowed by the promotion part. Therefore, the first layer and the second layer can be joined at the same time without mixing the first layer and the second layer at the butt portion of the two laminated materials. Even if the rotational speed of the tool is increased, the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer are not mixed.
Furthermore, by forming the male screw part on the probe as the flow promoting part, the material of the first layer flows toward the tip of the probe, so the mixing of the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer is effective. Can be suppressed.
　本発明に係る積層材の接合方法は、それぞれが第一層と第二層とからなる二つの積層材を、上記の摩擦撹拌接合工具を使用して接合するための方法であって、
　前記二つの積層材を、それらの端面同士を突き合わせて配置し、前記ショルダと前記流動促進部との間隔が、前記積層材の前記第二層の厚さよりも大きい前記摩擦撹拌接合工具を、前記軸を中心として回転させながら、前記二つの積層材の前記端面同士の突合せ部に、前記第二層から第一層に向けて前記プローブを挿入し、前記摩擦撹拌接合工具の回転を維持しながら、前記プローブを前記突合せ部に沿って移動させ、前記二つの積層材を摩擦撹拌接合する。 The method for joining laminated materials according to the present invention is a method for joining two laminated materials each consisting of a first layer and a second layer, using the friction stir welding tool described above,
The two laminated materials are arranged such that their end faces are brought into contact with each other, and the friction stir welding tool in which the distance between the shoulder and the flow promoting portion is larger than the thickness of the second layer of the laminated material, While rotating around an axis, the probe is inserted from the second layer toward the first layer at the abutting portion between the two end surfaces of the two laminated materials, while maintaining the rotation of the friction stir welding tool The probe is moved along the abutting portion, and the two laminated materials are friction stir welded.
　本発明に係る積層材の接合方法においては、前記流動促進部として前記プローブに雄ねじ部が形成されている前記摩擦撹拌接合工具を、前記雄ねじ部が前記突き合わせ部にねじ込まれる方向に回転させてもよい。 In the laminated material joining method according to the present invention, the friction stir welding tool in which a male screw part is formed on the probe as the flow promoting part may be rotated in a direction in which the male screw part is screwed into the butt part. Good.
　本発明に係る積層材の接合方法によれば、二層構造の積層材同士を摩擦撹拌接合する際、プローブを二つの積層材の端面間に挿入し、ショルダを二つの積層部材の上層（第二層）表面に当接させると、プローブの流動促進部が二つの積層材の下層（第一層）内部に配置される。このため、流動促進部によって第一層内の材料のみが撹拌され、第二層の材料は塑性流動されないので、第二層の材料が、流動促進部によって塑性流動された第一層の材料と混合されてしまうことを抑制できる。従って、二つの積層材の突合せ部において第一層と第二層とを混合させることなく同時に接合できる。また、工具の回転速度を速めたとしても、第一層の材料と第二層の材料とが混合されない。
　さらに、流動促進部としてプローブに形成された雄ねじ部によって第一層の材料がプローブの先端部に向かって流動するので、第一層の材料と第二層の材料との混合を効果的に抑制できる。 According to the laminated material joining method of the present invention, when the two-layer laminated materials are friction stir welded together, the probe is inserted between the end faces of the two laminated materials, and the shoulder is placed on the upper layer of the two laminated members (the first layer). When brought into contact with the surface of the two layers, the flow promoting portion of the probe is arranged inside the lower layer (first layer) of the two laminated materials. For this reason, since only the material in the first layer is stirred by the flow promoting part and the material of the second layer is not plastically flowed, the material of the second layer is the same as the material of the first layer plastically flowed by the flow promoting part. It can suppress mixing. Therefore, the first layer and the second layer can be joined at the same time without mixing the first layer and the second layer at the butt portion of the two laminated materials. Even if the rotational speed of the tool is increased, the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer are not mixed.
Furthermore, the material of the first layer flows toward the tip of the probe by the male screw part formed on the probe as a flow promoting part, effectively suppressing the mixing of the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer it can.
　本発明によれば、ショルダと流動促進部との間隔が、積層材の上層（第二層）の厚さよりも大きい摩擦撹拌接合工具を使用することにより、二つの積層材の突合せ部において第一層と第二層とを混合させることなく同時に接合できる。これにより、突合せ部における接合欠陥（キズ）の発生を防ぐことができる。加えて、小さい負荷で摩擦撹拌接合工具を回転させることができるので、工具を装着して駆動する接合装置の小型化が可能となる。 According to the present invention, by using a friction stir welding tool in which the distance between the shoulder and the flow promoting portion is larger than the thickness of the upper layer (second layer) of the laminated material, the first in the butt portion of the two laminated materials. The layers and the second layer can be joined simultaneously without mixing. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the joining defect (scratch) in a butt | matching part can be prevented. In addition, since the friction stir welding tool can be rotated with a small load, it is possible to reduce the size of the joining device that is mounted and driven.
　本発明によれば、流動促進部としてプローブに雄ねじ部を形成することにより、第一層の材料がプローブの先端部に向かって流動するので、プローブの先端部近傍での接合キズの発生を抑制し、二つの積層材の接合欠陥の発生をより効果的に防止することができる。 According to the present invention, the formation of the male screw portion on the probe as the flow promoting portion suppresses the generation of a joining flaw near the tip of the probe because the material of the first layer flows toward the tip of the probe. In addition, it is possible to more effectively prevent the occurrence of joint defects between the two laminated materials.
本発明の実施形態に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具によってクラッド鋼板を接合している状態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the state which has clad the steel plate with the friction stir welding tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具のプローブを示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the probe of the friction stir welding tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具のプローブの先端部周辺を拡大して示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the front-end | tip part periphery of the probe of the friction stir welding tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具を用いた積層材の接合方法の工程を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the process of the bonding | joining method of the laminated material using the friction stir welding tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 炭素鋼層とクラッド層とが混合して接合された場合の突合せ部の状態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the state of the butt | matching part when a carbon steel layer and a clad layer are mixed and joined. 本発明の実施形態に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具で接合を行った場合の突合せ部の状態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the state of the butt | matching part at the time of joining with the friction stir welding tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具によってクラッド鋼管を接合している状態を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which has joined the clad steel pipe with the friction stir welding tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
　以下、本発明の実施形態に係る摩擦撹拌接合工具１について説明する。
　図１に示すように、摩擦撹拌接合工具１は、被接合材である二枚のクラッド鋼板１２０（積層材）の端面同士を突き合わせた突合せ部１２０ａに配されて、これらクラッド鋼板１２０同士を摩擦撹拌接合し、接合材１００を製造するものである。 Hereinafter, the friction stir welding tool 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the friction stir welding tool 1 is disposed in a butt portion 120 a where the end faces of two clad steel plates 120 (laminated materials) that are to-be-joined materials are abutted to each other, and the clad steel plates 120 are friction-bonded. The joining material 100 is manufactured by stirring and joining.
　ここで、クラッド鋼板１２０は、炭素鋼層１２１（第一層）と、炭素鋼層１２１の上部に積層されたクラッド層１２２（第二層）とを積層してなる部材である。クラッド層１２２は、炭素鋼層１２１に比べて高い耐食性を有する材料によって形成されており、例えばステンレス鋼材等が使用される。
　以下、本実施形態では、クラッド鋼板１２０のクラッド層１２２側を上方、炭素鋼層１２１側を下方として、説明を行う。 Here, the clad steel plate 120 is a member obtained by laminating a carbon steel layer 121 (first layer) and a clad layer 122 (second layer) laminated on the carbon steel layer 121. The clad layer 122 is formed of a material having higher corrosion resistance than the carbon steel layer 121, and for example, a stainless steel material or the like is used.
Hereinafter, in this embodiment, the clad steel plate 120 will be described with the clad layer 122 side as the upper side and the carbon steel layer 121 side as the lower side.
　この摩擦撹拌接合工具１の材料としては、炭素鋼層１２１及びクラッド層１２２の融点よりも高い温度でこれら炭素鋼層１２１及びクラッド層１２２よりも高強度な材料が使用される。 As the material of the friction stir welding tool 1, a material having higher strength than the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122 at a temperature higher than the melting point of the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122 is used.
　図２に示すように、摩擦撹拌接合工具１は、接合時にクラッド鋼板１２０に接触するショルダ５と、ショルダ５から下方に突出するプローブ６と、プローブ６及びショルダ５を支持する工具本体８とを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the friction stir welding tool 1 includes a shoulder 5 that contacts the clad steel plate 120 during joining, a probe 6 that protrudes downward from the shoulder 5, and a probe 6 and a tool body 8 that supports the shoulder 5. I have.
　工具本体８は、軸線Ｏを中心とした円柱状をなし、不図示の摩擦撹拌接合装置に取り付けられて、軸線Ｏ回りに回転可能となっている。 The tool body 8 has a cylindrical shape centered on the axis O, is attached to a friction stir welding apparatus (not shown), and can rotate around the axis O.
　ショルダ５は、工具本体８の下面に設けられてクラッド層１２２に接触する部分であって、工具本体８の一端に形成されたプローブ６よりも工具本体８の他端寄りに形成されており、ショルダ５の軸線Ｏに交わる方向の径はプローブ６の径よりも大きい。
　ショルダ５は、工具本体８によって上方から支持されて、軸線Ｏ回りに回転可能となっている。そして接合時には、炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２とが積層される積層方向に向かって、即ち下方に向かって、クラッド層１２２に対して工具本体８を介して押圧荷重が付与されるようになっている。 The shoulder 5 is a portion that is provided on the lower surface of the tool body 8 and is in contact with the cladding layer 122, and is formed closer to the other end of the tool body 8 than the probe 6 formed at one end of the tool body 8, The diameter of the shoulder 5 in the direction intersecting the axis O is larger than the diameter of the probe 6.
The shoulder 5 is supported from above by the tool body 8 and is rotatable around the axis O. At the time of bonding, a pressing load is applied to the cladding layer 122 via the tool body 8 in the stacking direction in which the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122 are stacked, that is, downward. ing.
　プローブ６は、ショルダ５から同心軸上に下方に突出するようにしてショルダ５と一体に設けられて、ショルダ５とともに軸線Ｏ回りに回転可能となっている。即ち、プローブ６はショルダ５によって上方から支持されていることになる。また、プローブ６は、軸線Ｏを中心とした円柱状をなし、ショルダ５から離間するに従って、即ち下方に向かうに従って直径が徐々に小さくなっている。 The probe 6 is provided integrally with the shoulder 5 so as to protrude downward on the concentric shaft from the shoulder 5, and can rotate around the axis O together with the shoulder 5. That is, the probe 6 is supported from above by the shoulder 5. The probe 6 has a cylindrical shape with the axis O as the center, and the diameter gradually decreases as the distance from the shoulder 5 decreases, that is, as it goes downward.
　さらに、このプローブ６は、ショルダ５がクラッド層１２２に当接した状態で、突合せ部１２０ａに挿入されるようになっている。 Further, the probe 6 is inserted into the abutting portion 120 a in a state where the shoulder 5 is in contact with the cladding layer 122.
　また、図３に示すように、このプローブ６には、ショルダ５がクラッド層１２２に当接した状態で、炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２との境界部分Ｂよりも下方、即ち炭素鋼層１２１側となる中途位置から、炭素鋼層１２１側の先端部６ａまで、雄ねじ部７（流動促進部）が形成されている。雄ねじ部７は、ショルダ５との間に所定の間隔を空けて形成されており、その間隔はクラッド層１２２の厚さよりも大きい。このため、二つのクラッド鋼板１２０を接合する際、プローブ６の回転に伴って、クラッド鋼板１２０の下層の炭素鋼層１２１に、プローブ６の先端部へ向かう塑性流動が促進される。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the probe 6 has the shoulder 5 in contact with the cladding layer 122 and below the boundary portion B between the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122, that is, the carbon steel layer 121. A male screw portion 7 (flow promoting portion) is formed from the middle position on the side to the tip portion 6a on the carbon steel layer 121 side. The male threaded portion 7 is formed with a predetermined interval from the shoulder 5, and the interval is larger than the thickness of the cladding layer 122. For this reason, when the two clad steel plates 120 are joined, the plastic flow toward the tip of the probe 6 is promoted to the carbon steel layer 121 below the clad steel plate 120 as the probe 6 rotates.
　雄ねじ部７は、プローブ６の回転に伴って突合せ部１２０ａにねじ込まれる方向に形成されている。本実施形態では、図１の矢印に示すように上方から摩擦撹拌接合工具１を視た場合には、摩擦撹拌接合工具１は反時計回りに回転するため、左ねじとして形成されている。 The male screw portion 7 is formed in a direction to be screwed into the butt portion 120 a as the probe 6 rotates. In the present embodiment, when the friction stir welding tool 1 is viewed from above as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1, the friction stir welding tool 1 rotates counterclockwise, and thus is formed as a left-hand thread.
　次に、図４を参照して、二枚のクラッド鋼板１２０同士を接合して接合材１００を製造する方法について説明する。
　まず、準備工程Ｓ１を実行し、クラッド鋼板１２０の端面を、炭素鋼層１２１同士、クラッド層１２２同士が上記積層方向に直交する方向に対向するように突き合わせる。なお、これらクラッド鋼板１２０は、不図示の摩擦撹拌接合装置の定盤に載置されている。 Next, a method for manufacturing the bonding material 100 by bonding two clad steel plates 120 to each other will be described with reference to FIG.
First, preparatory process S1 is performed and the end surfaces of the clad steel plate 120 are abutted so that the carbon steel layers 121 and the clad layers 122 face each other in a direction perpendicular to the laminating direction. These clad steel plates 120 are placed on a surface plate of a friction stir welding apparatus (not shown).
　次に、工具挿入押圧工程Ｓ２を実行する。即ち、クラッド鋼板１２０の端面同士が突き合わされた突合せ部１２０ａの上方から、ツールを回転させながら挿入し、ショルダ５をクラッド層１２２に押し付ける。この時、当然ながらプローブ６は完全にクラッド鋼板１２０内に挿入されている。 Next, the tool insertion pressing step S2 is executed. That is, the tool 5 is inserted from above the butted portion 120 a where the end surfaces of the clad steel plates 120 are butted together, and the shoulder 5 is pressed against the clad layer 122. At this time, naturally, the probe 6 is completely inserted into the clad steel plate 120.
　そして、接合工程Ｓ３を実行する。即ち、ショルダ５及びプローブ６の回転を維持しつつ、突合せ部１２０ａの延在方向（図１の紙面に向かう方向、すなわち接合方向）に沿って、ショルダ５及びプローブ６を摩擦撹拌接合装置（不図示）によって移動させる。 Then, the joining step S3 is executed. That is, while maintaining the rotation of the shoulder 5 and the probe 6, the shoulder 5 and the probe 6 are connected to the friction stir welding device (not shown) along the extending direction of the butt portion 120 a (the direction toward the paper surface of FIG. 1, that is, the joining direction). It is moved according to the figure.
　このような摩擦撹拌接合工具１によると、接合時にショルダ５がクラッド層１２２に当接し、プローブ６が突合せ部１２０ａに挿入された状態では、境界部分Ｂよりも下方に雄ねじ部７が位置することになるため、雄ねじ部７が炭素鋼層１２１内のみに配置される。 According to the friction stir welding tool 1 as described above, the male screw portion 7 is positioned below the boundary portion B in a state where the shoulder 5 is in contact with the cladding layer 122 and the probe 6 is inserted into the abutting portion 120a at the time of joining. Therefore, the male screw portion 7 is disposed only in the carbon steel layer 121.
　ここで、仮に雄ねじ部７がプローブ６の全域にわたって形成されている場合、接合時に雄ねじ部７は、炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２との間にわたって配されることになる。このため、摩擦撹拌によって塑性流動したクラッド層１２２が炭素鋼層１２１に向かって流動し、図５に示すようにこれら炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２とが混合されてしまう可能性がある。そして、このように炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２とが混合された場合には、形成された接合金属(撹拌部)の耐食性低下などの問題が生じてしまう。 Here, if the male screw portion 7 is formed over the entire area of the probe 6, the male screw portion 7 is arranged between the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122 at the time of joining. For this reason, the clad layer 122 plastically flowed by frictional stirring flows toward the carbon steel layer 121, and the carbon steel layer 121 and the clad layer 122 may be mixed as shown in FIG. When the carbon steel layer 121 and the clad layer 122 are mixed as described above, problems such as a decrease in corrosion resistance of the formed bonding metal (stirring portion) occur.
　一方で、仮に雄ねじ部７が全く形成されていない場合には、プローブ６の先端部６ａでの塑性流動量が小さくなり、形成された接合金属(撹拌部)内に接合不良による空洞状のキズが発生する可能性がある。 On the other hand, if the male screw portion 7 is not formed at all, the amount of plastic flow at the tip portion 6a of the probe 6 is reduced, and a hollow flaw due to poor bonding is formed in the formed bonding metal (stirring portion). May occur.
　この点、本実施形態では、雄ねじ部７が、ショルダ５との間に所定の間隔を空けて形成されており、二枚のクラッド鋼板１２０同士を接合する場合、ショルダ５と雄ねじ部７との間隔が、上層のクラッド層１２２の厚さよりも大きい摩擦撹拌接合工具１を使用することにより、炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２との境界部分Ｂよりも下方に雄ねじ部７が位置する。このため、摩擦撹拌接合時には雄ねじ部７によって炭素鋼層１２１のみが撹拌され、炭素鋼層１２１は塑性流動されないので、炭素鋼層１２１の材料が、雄ねじ部７によって塑性流動された炭素鋼層１２１の材料と混合されてしまうことを抑制できる。即ち、図６に示すように、炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２との境界部分Ｂを維持したままの接合が可能となる。 In this respect, in the present embodiment, the male screw portion 7 is formed with a predetermined gap between the shoulder 5 and when the two clad steel plates 120 are joined together, the shoulder 5 and the male screw portion 7 By using the friction stir welding tool 1 whose distance is larger than the thickness of the upper clad layer 122, the male screw portion 7 is positioned below the boundary portion B between the carbon steel layer 121 and the clad layer 122. For this reason, at the time of friction stir welding, only the carbon steel layer 121 is stirred by the male screw portion 7 and the carbon steel layer 121 is not plastically flowed. Therefore, the carbon steel layer 121 in which the material of the carbon steel layer 121 is plastically flowed by the male screw portion 7 is used. It can suppress mixing with the material of. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to perform bonding while maintaining the boundary portion B between the carbon steel layer 121 and the cladding layer 122.
　従って、このような雄ねじ部７によって、突合せ部１２０ａでのクラッド鋼板１２０の撹拌を促進できるだけでなく、摩擦撹拌接合工具１の回転速度を速め、突合せ部１２０ａで炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２とを同時に接合したとしても、これら炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２とが混合されない。このため、突合せ部１２０ａでの接合欠陥の発生を抑制することが可能となる。 Therefore, not only can the stirring of the clad steel plate 120 at the butt portion 120a be promoted by such a male screw portion 7, but also the rotational speed of the friction stir welding tool 1 can be increased, and the carbon steel layer 121 and the clad layer 122 at the butt portion 120a. These carbon steel layers 121 and clad layers 122 are not mixed even if they are joined simultaneously. For this reason, it becomes possible to suppress generation | occurrence | production of the joining defect in the butt | matching part 120a.
　また、雄ねじ部７は、プローブ６の回転に伴ってプローブ６が突合せ部１２０ａにねじ込まれるように形成されているため、突合せ部１２０ａで炭素鋼層１２１がプローブ６の先端部６ａに向かって流動する。この結果、プローブ６の先端部６ａで接合キズが発生することを抑制できる。 Further, since the male screw portion 7 is formed so that the probe 6 is screwed into the abutting portion 120 a as the probe 6 rotates, the carbon steel layer 121 flows toward the tip end portion 6 a of the probe 6 at the abutting portion 120 a. To do. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of bonding flaws at the tip 6a of the probe 6.
　ここで、接合装置の大きさは摩擦撹拌接合工具を回転させるモータのサイズに依存し、このモータのサイズは接合中にモータへ付与される負荷トルクに支配される。工具の回転速度とモータ負荷トルクの間には逆比例の関係があり、工具の回転速度が速い場合は、モータ負荷トルクは小さくなり、ツールの回転速度が遅い場合は、モータ負荷トルクは大きくなる。 Here, the size of the joining device depends on the size of the motor that rotates the friction stir welding tool, and the size of this motor is governed by the load torque applied to the motor during joining. There is an inversely proportional relationship between the rotational speed of the tool and the motor load torque. When the rotational speed of the tool is fast, the motor load torque decreases. When the rotational speed of the tool is slow, the motor load torque increases. .
　上述したように、プローブ全体に雄ねじがある工具を用いた場合においては、クラッド鋼材１２０の二種類の材料の混合が発生するため、工具の回転速度を速くできない。即ち、モータ負荷トルクが大きい状態でしか接合することが出来ないため、接合装置のサイズが大きくなってしまう。 As described above, when a tool having an external thread is used for the entire probe, mixing of two kinds of materials of the clad steel material 120 occurs, so that the rotational speed of the tool cannot be increased. That is, since it can join only in the state where motor load torque is large, the size of a joining device will become large.
　一方で、本実施形態の摩擦撹拌接合工具１では、回転速度を速くした場合においても、クラッド鋼材１２０の二種類の材料の混合を抑制できるため、モータ負荷トルクが小さい状態で接合することが可能である。よって、接合装置のサイズを小さくすることが出来る。 On the other hand, in the friction stir welding tool 1 of the present embodiment, even when the rotational speed is increased, the mixing of the two types of materials of the clad steel material 120 can be suppressed, so that the motor load torque can be joined in a small state. It is. Therefore, the size of the joining device can be reduced.
　従って、本実施形態の摩擦撹拌接合工具１によると、接合時に炭素鋼層１２１内のみに位置する雄ねじ部７によって、接合キズの発生を抑制できる。加えて、摩擦撹拌接合工具１の回転速度を速くすることが可能となるため接合装置の小型化が可能となる。 Therefore, according to the friction stir welding tool 1 of the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of welding flaws by the male screw portion 7 located only in the carbon steel layer 121 at the time of joining. In addition, since the rotational speed of the friction stir welding tool 1 can be increased, the size of the welding apparatus can be reduced.
　以上、本発明の実施形態について詳細を説明したが、本発明の技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲内において、多少の設計変更も可能である。
　例えば、上述の実施形態では、摩擦撹拌接合工具１によって二枚のクラッド鋼板１２０同士の接合を行う場合について説明を行ったが、積層材としてクラッド鋼管１２０Ａ同士を接合する場合に、摩擦撹拌接合工具１を用いてもよい。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, some design changes can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where two clad steel plates 120 are joined together by the friction stir welding tool 1 has been described. However, when the clad steel pipes 120A are joined as a laminated material, the friction stir welding tool is used. 1 may be used.
　具体的には、図７に示すように、炭素鋼層１２１が外周側に配され、クラッド層１２２が内周側に配されたクラッド鋼管１２０Ａの端面同士を突き合わせ、この突合せ部分１２０Ａａをクラッド鋼管１２０Ａの内面から周溶接することで、クラッド鋼管１２０Ａを継ぎ、接合材１００Ａを製造する。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the end surfaces of the clad steel pipe 120 </ b> A in which the carbon steel layer 121 is arranged on the outer peripheral side and the clad layer 122 is arranged on the inner peripheral side are butted together. By circumferential welding from the inner surface of 120A, the clad steel pipe 120A is spliced to produce the joining material 100A.
　ここで上述したように、摩擦撹拌接合工具１の雄ねじ部７によって摩擦撹拌接合装置全体の小型化が可能となるため、クラッド鋼管１２０Ａが小径であっても、クラッド鋼管１２０Ａ内へ摩擦撹拌接合装置を挿入して接合を行うことが可能となる。 As described above, since the overall size of the friction stir welding apparatus can be reduced by the external thread portion 7 of the friction stir welding tool 1, even if the clad steel pipe 120A has a small diameter, the friction stir welding apparatus is inserted into the clad steel pipe 120A. It becomes possible to join by inserting.
　なお、クラッド鋼板１２０（クラッド鋼管１２０Ａ）において、上述した実施形態とは逆に、炭素鋼層１２１側からプローブ６を挿入して接合を行ってもよい。 In addition, in the clad steel plate 120 (clad steel pipe 120A), the probe 6 may be inserted from the carbon steel layer 121 side and bonded, contrary to the above-described embodiment.
　また、クラッド鋼板１２０（クラッド鋼管１２０Ａ）は、炭素鋼層１２１とクラッド層１２２とを組み合わせたものに限らず、炭素鋼と二相ステンレス鋼、炭素鋼とニッケル基合金、炭素鋼とチタン合金など、様々なクラッド材であってよい。 Further, the clad steel plate 120 (clad steel pipe 120A) is not limited to the combination of the carbon steel layer 121 and the clad layer 122, but carbon steel and duplex stainless steel, carbon steel and nickel base alloy, carbon steel and titanium alloy, and the like. Various clad materials may be used.
　また、クラッド鋼板１２０（クラッド鋼管１２０Ａ）に代えて、二種類の材料を重ね合わせたものを、板厚方向へ重ね接合する場合においても本発明を適用することが可能である。このような材料は、例えば、ステンレス鋼と炭素鋼の積層材、アルミニウム合金と炭素鋼との積層材、炭素鋼と鋳鉄との積層材、マグネシウム合金と炭素鋼との積層材、アルミニウム合金とマグネシウム合金の積層材などである。 In addition, the present invention can be applied to a case where, instead of the clad steel plate 120 (the clad steel pipe 120A), two kinds of materials are overlapped and joined in the thickness direction. Such materials include, for example, a laminate of stainless steel and carbon steel, a laminate of aluminum alloy and carbon steel, a laminate of carbon steel and cast iron, a laminate of magnesium alloy and carbon steel, an aluminum alloy and magnesium For example, an alloy laminate.
　さらに、雄ねじ部７は、必ずしもプローブ６における炭素鋼層１２１内に位置する領域の全域に形成されていなくともよく、少なくともプローブ６の先端部６ａに形成されていればよい。 Furthermore, the male screw portion 7 does not necessarily have to be formed in the entire region of the probe 6 that is located in the carbon steel layer 121, and may be formed at least at the tip portion 6 a of the probe 6.
　また、上述の実施形態では、炭素鋼層１２１をプローブ６の先端部６ａに向かって流動させる流動促進部として雄ねじ部７を用いている。しかし、雄ねじ部７に代えて、プローブ６の表面から軸線Ｏの径方向外側に向かって突出する突起や、プローブ６の表面から径方向内側に向かって切り欠かれた切欠き部を形成してもよい。即ち、プローブ６の周囲の炭素鋼層１２１の材料に対して先端部６ａへ向かう流れを促進するようなものであれば、雄ねじ部７に限定されない。 Further, in the above-described embodiment, the male screw portion 7 is used as a flow promoting portion that causes the carbon steel layer 121 to flow toward the tip portion 6 a of the probe 6. However, instead of the male threaded portion 7, a protrusion protruding from the surface of the probe 6 toward the outside in the radial direction of the axis O, or a notch portion cut out from the surface of the probe 6 toward the inside in the radial direction is formed. Also good. That is, it is not limited to the male screw portion 7 as long as it promotes the flow toward the tip portion 6 a with respect to the material of the carbon steel layer 121 around the probe 6.
　本発明は、二つの部材の端面同士を接合する時に、接合キズの発生を抑制しつつ、かつ接合装置全体の小型化を図ることが可能な摩擦撹拌接合工具、及び、この摩擦撹拌接合工具を用いた積層材の接合方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a friction stir welding tool capable of reducing the size of the entire joining device while suppressing the occurrence of joining scratches when joining the end surfaces of two members, and the friction stir welding tool. The present invention relates to a method for joining the laminated materials used.
　１…摩擦撹拌接合工具
　５…ショルダ
　６…プローブ
　６ａ…先端部
　７…雄ねじ部（流動促進部）
　８…工具本体
　１００…接合材
　１２０…クラッド鋼板（積層材）
　１２０ａ…突合せ部
　１２１…炭素鋼層（第一層）
　１２２…クラッド層（第二層）
　Ｂ…境界部分
　Ｏ…軸線
　１００Ａ…接合材
　１２０Ａ…クラッド鋼管
　１２０Ａａ…突合せ部
　Ｓ１…準備工程
　Ｓ２…工具挿入押圧工程
　Ｓ３…接合工程
  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Friction stir welding tool 5 ... Shoulder 6 ... Probe 6a ... Tip part 7 ... Male screw part (flow promotion part)
8 ... Tool body 100 ... Joint material 120 ... Clad steel plate (laminate)
120a ... Butt part 121 ... Carbon steel layer (first layer)
122 ... Cladding layer (second layer)
B ... Boundary portion O ... Axis 100A ... Joint material 120A ... Clad steel pipe 120Aa ... Abutting part S1 ... Preparation step S2 ... Tool insertion pressing step S3 ... Join step

Claims (4)

  1. 　第一層と第二層とからなる二つの積層材を、それらの端面同士を突き合わせて接合するための摩擦撹拌接合工具であって、
    　工具本体と、
    　前記工具本体の軸方向の一端に形成された突起状のプローブと、
    　前記プローブよりも前記工具本体の他端寄りに形成されたショルダと、
    　前記プローブに、前記ショルダとの間に所定の間隔を空けて形成され、前記二つの積層材を接合する際、前記プローブの前記軸を中心とする回転に伴って、前記二つの積層材の下層部分に前記プローブの先端部へ向かう塑性流動を促進する流動促進部とを備える摩擦撹拌接合工具。     A friction stir welding tool for joining two laminated materials composed of a first layer and a second layer with their end faces butted together,
    A tool body;
    A protruding probe formed at one end of the tool body in the axial direction;
    A shoulder formed closer to the other end of the tool body than the probe;
    When the two laminated materials are joined to the probe, the lower layer of the two laminated materials is rotated along the axis of the probe when the two laminated materials are joined. A friction stir welding tool provided with a flow promoting portion for promoting plastic flow toward the tip of the probe at a portion.
  2. 　前記流動促進部が、前記プローブに形成された雄ねじ部である請求項１に記載の摩擦撹拌接合工具。 The friction stir welding tool according to claim 1, wherein the flow promoting part is a male screw part formed on the probe.
  3. 　それぞれが第一層と第二層とからなる二つの積層材を、請求項１に記載の摩擦撹拌接合工具を使用して接合する方法であって、
    　前記二つの積層材を、それらの端面同士を突き合わせて配置し、
    　前記ショルダと前記流動促進部との間隔が、前記積層材の前記第二層の厚さよりも大きい前記摩擦撹拌接合工具を、前記軸を中心として回転させながら、前記二つの積層材の前記端面同士の突合せ部に、前記第二層から第一層に向けて前記プローブを挿入し、
    　前記摩擦撹拌接合工具の回転を維持しながら、前記プローブを前記突合せ部に沿って移動させ、前記二つの積層材を摩擦撹拌接合する積層材の接合方法。     A method of joining two laminated materials each consisting of a first layer and a second layer using the friction stir welding tool according to claim 1,
    The two laminated materials are arranged with their end faces butted together,
    While rotating the friction stir welding tool having a gap between the shoulder and the flow promoting portion larger than the thickness of the second layer of the laminated material around the axis, the end surfaces of the two laminated materials are The probe is inserted from the second layer toward the first layer at the butting portion of
    A method for joining laminated materials in which the two laminated materials are friction-stir welded by moving the probe along the abutting portion while maintaining rotation of the friction stir welding tool.
  4. 　前記流動促進部として前記プローブに雄ねじ部が形成されている前記摩擦撹拌接合工具を、前記雄ねじ部が前記突き合わせ部にねじ込まれる方向に回転させる請求項３に記載の積層材の接合方法。 The method for joining laminated materials according to claim 3, wherein the friction stir welding tool in which a male screw part is formed on the probe as the flow promoting part is rotated in a direction in which the male screw part is screwed into the abutting part.
PCT/JP2014/076792 2013-10-07 2014-10-07 Friction stir welding tool and method for joining laminated material WO2015053258A1 (en)

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JP2021053700A (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-08 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Rotary tool for both surface friction stirring joining and both surface friction stirring joining method

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WO2019068119A1 (en) * 2017-10-02 2019-04-11 Stirtec Gmbh Method for connecting flat components, and composite element
JP2021053700A (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-08 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Rotary tool for both surface friction stirring joining and both surface friction stirring joining method
JP7247996B2 (en) 2019-09-25 2023-03-29 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Rotary tool for double-sided friction stir welding and double-sided friction stir welding method

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