Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
  • B02C2/02—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
  • B02C2/04—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
  • B02C2/06—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis and with top bearing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
  • B02C2/02—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
  • B02C2/04—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
  • B02C2/042—Moved by an eccentric weight
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
  • B02C2/02—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
  • B02C2/04—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
  • B02C2/045—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis and with bowl adjusting or controlling mechanisms

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a gyratory crusher spider arm shield and in particular, although not exclusively, to a shield configured for secure and convenient mounting and dismounting at the spider arm so as to protect the arm from material to be crushed as it fails into the crushing zone.
• Gyratory crushers are used for crushing ore, mineral and rock material to smaller sizes.
• the crusher comprises a crushing head mounted upon an elongate main shaft.
• a first crushing shell is mounted on the crushing head and a second crushing shell is mounted on a frame such that the two shells define together a crushing chamber through which the material to be crushed is passed.
• the main shaft is supported at its uppermost end by a top bearing housed within a central hub that forms a part of a spider assembly mounted on top of the topsheil frame part. Spider arms project radially outward from the central hub to contact an outer rim at the top shell.
• the material to be crushed typically fails through the region between the spider arms and is prevented from causing damage to the arms by shields mounted over and about each arm.
• Example shields are disclosed in US 2,489,936; US 2,832,547; US 3,026,051 ; US 2002/0088888; US 201 1/0192927. It is to be noted, these shields are typical ly secured to the spider arm v ia attachment bolts that project axial I y downward relative to the longitudinal axis of the main shaft. However, such configurations are disadvantageous as the bolt heads are exposed to the crushablc material fall ing into the crushing chamber. With use, the bolt heads become damaged leading to attachment failure and subsequent loss of the shield that fal ls downwardly into the crusher. Additional ly, the threaded holes within the spider arms that receive the attachment bolts represent locations for stress concentrations that shorten the operation l ifetime of the topshei l assembly.
• An alternative method of shield attachment involves welding the guards to the uppermost region of the spider arms.
• the welding process is both labour and time intensiv e and introduces additional problems when the worn shield requires removal. Additionally, the welding creates tension and stress concentrations into the spider arms. What is required is a spider arm shield that addresses the above problems.
• a further objective of the subject invention is to provide a means of attaching the arm shield without welding or attachment bolts that could otherwise damage the spider arm and/or represent regions for stress concentrations to occur. It is a further specific objective to prov ide a means of attaching the arm shield that is independent of attachment of other components of the gyratory crusher.
• the objectives are achiev ed by providing a gyratory crusher and spider arm shield assembly in which each shield is secured at each respectiv e arm via cooperative components that abut one another to form an inter-locking configuration that obviates a requirement for welding or attachment bolts.
• the interlocking mechanism is formed, in part, by a locking flange positioned at a central hub that traps a radially inner first end of the shield a ial I y downward onto the spider arm whilst a radially outer second end of the shield is hooked onto at least one lug that projects outwardly from the spider arm so as to prevent radially outward movement of the shield relativ e to the arm.
• the shield is trapped into mating contact onto the upper region of the spider arm.
• Mounting and dismounting is achiev ed via locking and release of the central flange at the hub that once removed allows the shield to be conveniently hinged upwardly from the arm and the arm lug disengaged.
• Such a configuration is advantageous to minimise the time required for mounting and dismounting of the shield at the arm and secondly to provide a robust mechanism of attachment that does not create stress and stress concentrations at the spider arm.
• the present means of attachment also provide enhanced attachment integrity over a conventional arrangement where it is not uncommon for attachment bolts to snap or welding to fail due to the significant loading forces encountered within the crusher due to the passage of the crushabie material and the forces resultant from the crushing action.
• a gyratory crusher comprising: an upper shell; a spider supported at the shel l, the spider hav ing a plurality of spider arms extending radially outward from a hub; a plural ity of arm shields mounted at the respective arms, each shield having a first end for positioning at or towards the hub and a second end positioned radially outward from the hub; characterised by: at least one lug projecting from each arm and a locking flange secured to the hub; each of the shields comprising at least one notch to engage each respective lug to inhibit radially outward movement of the shield relative to the arm; wherein at least a portion of the flange is seated on top of the first end of the shield that in combination with the lug and notch locks each of the shields axial ly and radially at each of the respective arms.
• the lug is positioned at a radially outer region of the arm and the notch is positioned towards the second end relative to the fi st end of the shield.
• This configuration is advantageous to radially separate the respective contact of the locking flange and lug at the respect radially inner and outer ends of the shield to maximise the strength of attachment and to allow convenient mounting and dismounting via a hinge l ike rotation of the shield about the lug.
• the notch is formed as a hooked portion such that a mouth of the hooked portion is orientated towards the radially outer region of the arm away from the hub.
• the shield may be conveniently mounted at the lug as it is lowered
• the flange comprises an annular disc- 1 ike configuration and the crusher comprises a spider cap secured on top of the hub and the flange.
• a substantially plana flange is advantageous for convenient positioning at the hub to provide a compact arrangement that minimises the axial height of the hub, flange and spider cap assembly within the input hopper.
• An annular flange is also advantageous to provide multiple regions of attachment distributed circumferential ly around the crusher axis.
• the flange is secured to the hub v ia a plurality of fastenings that are independent of an attachment of the spider cap to the hub to allow the cap to be attached and removed at the hub independently of the flange. Such an arrangement is advantageous to al low the spider cap to be removed and interchanged without affecting attachment of the spider shield.
• the attachment strength of the flange at the hub may also be selectively different from the respective attachment of the cap at the hub.
• the shield comprises a step at the fi st end to engage the flange.
• the first end of the shield may comprise any configuration suitable for abutment by the flange to al low the flange to be pressed downwardly onto the first end of the shield. This step is advantageous to allow an operator to determine if the shield has been engaged correctly by secure mating of the flange within the step.
• the lug is formed as a cylindrical peg projecting outwardly from a side surface of the arm.
• the lug is al igned perpendicular to the radial length of the shield and in particular, a first part of the spider arm that projects radially outward from the hub.
• the crusher is devoid of screws, bolts and/or elding to secure the shields to the respective arms. Accordingly, the present arrangement is advantageous as each shield is releasably attached at each respective arm exclusively by the cooperative contact between i) the flange and the first end of the shield and ii) the lug and the respective notch.
• the shield further comprises a lifting hole to allow the shield to be engaged and raised and lowered relative to the arm wherein the hole is positioned eccentrically with respect to a mass centre of the shield such that when the shield is suspended by the hole the shield is configured to hang at a declined angle with the second end lower than the first end such that the notch is orientated to engage the lug.
• the shield may further comprise any means of attachment to a lifting rig or crane including for example an eyelet, hook or other component engageable by a chain or lifting belt.
• each arm comprises two lugs projecting laterally from side surfaces of the arm and each shield comprises two respective notches provided at respective sides of the shield to engage each of the two respective lugs.
• the lugs are aligned coaxial I y to extend laterally from the opposed sides of the arm at a radial ly outw ard region and at an axial I y upper region.
• the shield comprises a main body having an underside foot for positioning on top of the arm and a pair of sidewal ls extending downwardly from the main body at each lengthw ise side of the underside foot, the sidewalls positionablc over a part of side faces of the arm; wherein the notches are provided in each respective sidewaii.
• the shield further comprises a plural ity of ax ial I y extending walls or ridges that project upwardly from an upward facing side of the shield to create radially extending channels intended to col lect the crushable material as it flows downwardly passed the arms.
• the flange projects radially outw ard beyond the hub to extend over a part of the shield at the first end.
• the flange may comprise an oval or el liptical configuration arranged lengthwise with the pair of diametrically opposed spider arms to extend outwardly and onto the radially inner regions of each shield located at each respective arm.
• Figure 1 is a cross sect ional side view of a gyratory crusher hav ing an upper frame part, a low er frame part and rotatable main shaft and a spider assembly mounted at the upper frame part to support and stabilise the main shaft according to a specific implementation of the present invention
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of the spider assembly of figure 1 with arm shields secured in position over each respective spider arm according to a specific implementation of the present invention
• Figure 3 is a side elevation view of one of the spider arms and shields of figure 2
• Figure 4 is an end view of the shield and arm of figure 3;
• Figure 5 is a side elevation view of the arm and shield of figure 3 with the spider cap removed;
• Figure 6 is a perspective view of the arm shield of figures 1 to 5. Detailed description of preferred embodiment of the invention
• a crusher comprises a frame 100 having an upper frame 101 and a lower frame 102.
• a crushing head 103 is mounted upon an elongate shaft 107.
• a first (inner) crushing shell 105 is fix ably mounted on crushing head 103 and a second (outer) crushing shell 1 06 is fix ably mounted at upper frame 101 .
• a crashing zone 104 is formed between the opposed crushing shells 105, 106.
• a discharge zone 109 is positioned immediately below crushing zone 104 and is defined, in part, by lower frame 102.
• a drive (not shown) is coupled to main shaft 1 07 via a drive shaft 108 and suitable gearing
• shaft 107 is rotated eccentrically about longitudinal axis 1 15 and to cause head 103 to perform a gyratory pendulum movement and crush material introduced into crushing chamber 104.
• An upper end region of shaft 107 is maintained in an axially rotatabic position by a top-end bearing assembly 1 12 positioned intermediate between main shaft 107 and a central hub 1 1 7.
• a bottom end 1 18 of shaft 107 is supported by a bottom-end bearing assembly 1 19.
• Upper frame 1 01 is divided into a topshel l 1 1 1 , mounted upon lower frame 102
• the spider 1 14 comprises two diametrical ly opposed arms 1 10 that extend radial ly outward (in direction B) from a central hub 1 1 7 positioned on a longitudinal axis 1 1 5 extending through frame 1 00 and the gyratory crusher generally (indirection A). Arms 1 10 are attached to an upper region of topshell 1 1 1 via an intermediate annular flange (or rim) 1 13 that is centred around longitudinal axis 1 1 5. Typical ly, arms 1 10 and topshell 1 1 1 1 form a unitary structure and are formed integral ly.
• a cap 1 23 extends over an upper region of shaft 107 and central hub
• an arm shield 120 is mated onto and around each arm 1 10.
• Each shield 120 comprises a main body 1 2 1 with an underside surface 124 that is configured to sit on top of an upper facing surface 125 of each arm 1 10.
• Each shield 120 also comprises a pair of sidewaiis 122 that extend downwardly over the respective sides of each arm 1 1 0.
• each arm comprises a generally radial ly extending part 200 (aligned substantially with direction B) and a generally axial ly extending part 201 projecting substantially downward (in direction A) from a radially outermost end of part 200.
• Arm part 201 terminates at an upper surface of rim 1 13.
• a shoulder 208 is located at the junction between part 200 and part 201.
• a pair of substantially cylindrical lugs extend laterally from each side surface 209 of arm 1 10 at the region of shoulder 208.
• Each lug of the pair is aligned coaxial I y and extends perpendicular to the radial len th of shield 1 20 and the first arm part 200.
• Each shield 1 20 comprises a pair of notches 202 formed in each respective sidewall 1 22.
• Each notch 202 is formed as a hooked portion of sidewal l 122 with a mouth that is orientated radial ly outw ard towards second end 206 and away from hub 1 1 7. Accordingly, the shield second end 206 is secured at arm shoulder 208 via a cooperative engagement of each lug 203 within each respective notch 202.
• Each shield 1 20 is therefore locked radially by engagement of lugs 203 within notches 202.
• An annular disc- 1 ike flange 2 10 is mounted at hub 1 1 7 and is positioned axial ly below cap 1 23.
• Flange 2 10 comprises a generally ci cular configuration hav ing a diameter corresponding to that of cap 123.
• Flange 2 10 further comprises a pai of radial extensions 2 1 1 that project radially outward from the cap outer surface 207 so as to extend a short radial distance above arm section 200.
• a step 2 1 2 is formed at each shield first end 205 and is configured and dimensioned to receive and engage with the flange radial extension 2 1 1 . Accordingly, when seated in position as illustrated in figure 2, extension 21 1 abuts downwardly onto a radially innermost region of shield 1 22 to both axial I y and radially lock each shield 122 at each respective arm 1 10 via the engagement between flange extension 2 1 1 , step 2 12 and lugs 203 received within notches 202.
• notch 202 is formed in each respective sidewal l 1 22 (that projects axial I y dow nward to at least partial ly cover a part of arm side surface 209) as a recess or slot and is positioned at an axial ly low er and radial ly outer region of sidewall 1 22.
• the slot is defined by a curved edge 302 having a part or semi-circular profile at an innermost region of the recess.
• One end of the curved edge 302 continues into shield edge 303 that extends radial ly between notch 202 and the second radial ly outermost end 206.
• a second end of the curved edge 302 extends into a further shield edge 304 representing a lowermost region of the shield 120 that extends radially between notch 202 and the radially inner first end 205.
• a lowermost part of wall 122 positioned immediately below notch 202 is formed as a foot 301 to hook a ial ly under l ug 203 that is received within the notch (or recess) 202.
• the outer cyl indrical surface of each lug 203 is positioned in contact or near touching contact with the semi-circular innermost notch edge 302.
• the axial separation of foot 301 from shield edge 303 is formed as a notch mouth 300 to allow the lug 203 to be inserted and removed at the hooked notch 202.
• each shield 1 20 comprises a pai of outer channel walls 400 that project axially upward form main body 1 2 1 and are formed as axial upward extensions of sidewaiis 122.
• a central channel wal l 401 is positioned intermediate outer walls 400 with al l channel walls 400, 401 extending the radial length of shield 1 20 between first and second ends 205, 206. Accordingly, the region between walls 400, 401 define channels 402 to collect crushable material to form a domed stockpile that acts to protect the shield 1 20 and arm 1 10 during use.
• Lifting hole 204 is formed through an axial ly upper region of central channel wall 401 and is positioned eccentrically with respect to a mass centre of shield 1 20 in a radial direction between ends 205, 206. Accordingly, when shield 1 20 is suspended by a l ifting crane or belt, via hole 204, shield 1 20 is incl ined with second end 206 axially lower than first end 205. This is advantageous to orientate mouth 300 towards lug 203 so as to facil itate engagement of each lug 203 within the hooked recess or notch 202. Shield first end 205 may then be pivoted or hinged about the coaxial lugs 203 during a final lowering stage (or as an initial dismounting stage).
• the disc-like flange 2 10 comprises a plurality of bores 501 al igned axially with axis 1 1 5 to receive anchorage bolts 305 ( il lustrated in figures 3 and 4). Bolts 305 are further received within suitable threaded bores (not show n ) extending axial ly into hub 1 1 7 immediately below flange 2 1 0. As il lustrated in figure 5, each radial flange extension 2 1 1 projects radially outward from central hub 1 1 7 so as to overhand hub 1 1 7 to create a pair of diametrical ly opposed l ips 500, each lip 500 positioned vertically above a radially innermost region of each respective arm part 200.
• Each l ip 500 is configured to contact step 212 such that a radially innermost region of shield 120 at first end 205 is trapped ax ial ly between l ip 500 and the radial ly innermost region of arm part 200.
• step 2 1 2 is formed within the radially innermost ends of the respective channel side walls 400.
• the shield first end 205 comprises an end face 600 that terminates at each channel wall 400 in a step edge 603.
• a first step surface 602 is al igned substantially horizontally and coplanar with the main downward facing surface of flange 2 1 0.
• Step 2 12 is further defined by a second step surfaces 601 al igned perpendicular to first surface 602 with second surfaces 601 aligned substantially with axis 115.
• the first and second step surfaces 602, 601 are configured to abut the radially outermost region of flange extension 21 1 when shield 120 is located in full mated position at each arm 1 10.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

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Citations (4)

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• 2013
  • 2013-10-11 EP EP13188205.2A patent/EP2859951B1/de not_active Not-in-force
• 2014
  • 2014-09-19 RU RU2016118000A patent/RU2652145C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2014-09-19 CA CA2925014A patent/CA2925014C/en active Active
  • 2014-09-19 US US15/028,326 patent/US9592512B2/en active Active
  • 2014-09-19 WO PCT/EP2014/069948 patent/WO2015051980A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2014-09-19 AU AU2014334132A patent/AU2014334132B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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• 2016
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