WO2015044403A1 - Utilisation de la chaleur perdue - Google Patents

Utilisation de la chaleur perdue Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015044403A1
WO2015044403A1 PCT/EP2014/070735 EP2014070735W WO2015044403A1 WO 2015044403 A1 WO2015044403 A1 WO 2015044403A1 EP 2014070735 W EP2014070735 W EP 2014070735W WO 2015044403 A1 WO2015044403 A1 WO 2015044403A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
temperature process
low
htp
ntp2
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PCT/EP2014/070735
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Wacker
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2015044403A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015044403A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
    • B01J6/001—Calcining
    • B01J6/004—Calcining using hot gas streams in which the material is moved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/001—Controlling catalytic processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K5/00—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type
    • F01K5/02—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type used in regenerative installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/001—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for thermal power plants or industrial processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00026—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2208/00044—Temperature measurement
    • B01J2208/00053—Temperature measurement of the heat exchange medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00026—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2208/0007—Pressure measurement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00176—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles outside the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
    • B01J2219/00006—Large-scale industrial plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
    • B01J2219/00204—Sensing a parameter of the heat exchange system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
    • B01J2219/00207—Sensing a parameter other than of the reactor heat exchange system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00211—Control algorithm comparing a sensed parameter with a pre-set value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00222—Control algorithm taking actions
    • B01J2219/00227—Control algorithm taking actions modifying the operating conditions
    • B01J2219/00238—Control algorithm taking actions modifying the operating conditions of the heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0026—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for combustion engines, e.g. for gas turbines or for Stirling engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for using waste heat, in particular in the production of aluminum, and to an apparatus for carrying out such a method. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device and a system.
  • the production of aluminum from bauxite is a very energy intensive process.
  • the production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer process and aluminum from alumina by fused-salt electrolysis requires a great deal of electrical energy and heat energy.
  • much heat energy is required in the hydrochemical treatment of the bauxite by the Bayer process.
  • the last step of the Bayer process the calcination of the aluminum hydroxide obtained to alumina, requires a lot of heat energy, with a portion of the heat energy through
  • the Bayer process is used to produce aluminum oxide from the mineral bauxite.
  • the bauxite is ground and mixed with an alkali, in particular sodium hydroxide, and reacted at an elevated temperature and elevated pressure.
  • the insoluble constituents red mud
  • the insoluble constituents red mud
  • aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3 is crystallized out.
  • the liquor is reused after increasing the concentration.
  • CN 201803598 U describes the use of waste heat from hot combustion exhaust gases in the production of aluminum. It is an object of the invention to save energy through an improved use of waste heat, especially in the production of aluminum or aluminum oxide.
  • the object is achieved by a method for utilizing waste heat, in particular in the production of aluminum oxide, wherein the waste heat from at least one source is provided, wherein the waste heat to support at least one high-temperature process and / or at least one low-temperature process is used in which, after the support of a high-temperature process, the support of at least one further high-temperature process and / or the support of at least one further low-temperature process, and wherein the respective further high-temperature process and / or the respective further low-temperature process with the remaining waste heat of the preceding High-temperature process or low-temperature process is supported.
  • the object is further achieved by a device for utilizing waste heat, in particular in the production of aluminum oxide, wherein a source is provided to provide the waste heat, wherein the waste heat to support at least one high-temperature process and / or provided at least one low-temperature process is, after supporting a high-temperature process, the support of at least one further high-temperature process and / or at least one further low-temperature process is provided, and wherein the respective further high-temperature process and / or the respective further low-temperature process with the remaining waste heat of each preceding high-temperature process or low-temperature process is provided for assistance.
  • control device wherein the control device is provided for controlling and / or regulating and / or monitoring a device according to one of claims 8 to 11.
  • control device is further achieved with a system according to claim 13.
  • a plant for the production of at least one base material.
  • Basic substances are, for example, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and / or aluminum.
  • Such a plant, as well as a device described above, can also be used for the production of other basic materials such as non-ferrous metals, metal oxides or mineral products.
  • a control device advantageously serves to control processes and method steps, in particular the temperatures of individual processes or individual process steps, and can be integrated in a control system of a system.
  • a control device possibly together with sensors and control valves for retrofitting an existing system and / or for extending the control of the system, is advantageous.
  • Waste heat occurs in the form of hot exhaust gases, hot pipes that release heat in and / or outside, and cooling processes.
  • the process of calcination is advantageous as a rich source of waste heat.
  • the combustion gases which are produced during the production of steam are advantageously used as another source, whereby heat is withdrawn from the combustion exhaust gases and this again serves as waste heat to support further processes described below (high-temperature processes and low-temperature processes).
  • Another advantageous source is the waste heat in the fused-salt electrolysis of the aluminum oxide. In fused-salt electrolysis, a large amount of heat energy is lost by emission to the environment.
  • the waste heat is advantageously received by means of a heat exchanger.
  • a heat transport medium is passed through the heat exchanger, wherein the heat transport medium absorbs the waste heat via the heat exchanger.
  • the heat transfer medium is transferred through pipelines to a high temperature process or a low temperature process.
  • a heat transport medium is water or water vapor and possibly a liquid metal or a mineral oil product.
  • Water vapor, especially under high pressure, is particularly advantageous because the water vapor can be used directly for the high-temperature processes and low-temperature processes.
  • the pipes are thermally insulated, so that emission of waste heat through the walls of the pipes during transport of the heat transfer medium is reduced.
  • process steps are in particular process steps of the Bayer process for recovering aluminum from bauxite.
  • the treatment of the red mud extends through the filtration until the removal of the remaining liquor, so that the red mud requires less landfill space in subsequent landfill.
  • Caustic soda is used in particular as the lye.
  • potassium hydroxide or another caustic solution is also to be subsumed under the term caustic.
  • a high temperature process is power generation with a turbine and / or use of the steam to assist in a process step, where the steam is also the heat transport medium.
  • the steam is also the heat transport medium.
  • High-temperature processes are processes in a temperature range between about 400 ° C and 2,000 ° C.
  • Low temperature processes are processes and / or process steps that take place at temperatures below about 500 ° C.
  • Low-temperature processes are, for example, the heating of liquor and / or the heating of a lye / bauxite mixture.
  • the filtration of red mud which is obtained in the production of alumina and must be separated from the liquor and the covering of the liquor (the evaporation of water to increase the concentration of the liquor) are also low-temperature processes.
  • the waste heat is first fed to a process, thereby partially consumed and subsequently the remaining waste heat, in particular in the form of the cooled heat transfer medium, fed to at least one further process.
  • an electric energy is generated by means of a turbine.
  • the incoming into the turbine heat transport medium in particular water vapor, has a temperature of at least 1,000 ° C and a pressure of several bar.
  • the steam is called saturated steam.
  • the heat transport medium still has a temperature of at least 450 ° C and is occasionally referred to as wet steam due to the possibly existing water droplets / moisture.
  • the water vapor still has one, for the generation of electrical energy too low temperature or too low pressure.
  • the heat transport medium can be supplied to a further process, in particular a low-temperature process.
  • a low-temperature process serves as a process Step of the Bayer process for the production of aluminum oxide.
  • Another beneficial process after a high temperature process is the support in the production of water vapor.
  • a heat transfer medium of a low pressure and with a temperature below 400 ° C can be used. Additional advantages are provided by the successive supply of the heat transfer medium to a high-temperature process and a low-temperature process, in particular if the subsequent low-temperature process can be assisted by means of a heat transfer medium of a lower temperature / lower pressure.
  • the waste heat is used to support the high-temperature process, the remaining waste heat is split to support another high-temperature process and another low-temperature process, and wherein the remaining waste heat of the further high-temperature process is used to support a further low-temperature process.
  • the generation of electrical energy from water vapor advantageously takes place with two turbines connected in series.
  • the heat transport medium in particular the steam, passes through the first turbine.
  • kinetic and potential energy is removed from the heat transport medium.
  • the second turbine also removes thermal and potential energy from the heat transfer medium and converts the thermal and potential energy into kinetic energy, whereby the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by means of a generator.
  • the first and the second turbine are advantageously operated with steam, wherein the steam has a temperature of about 1,000 ° C in the first turbine and above 500 ° C in the second turbine.
  • both processes of energy production from water vapor are referred to as high-temperature processes.
  • the heat transport medium can also be partially fed to another process, in particular a low-temperature process.
  • At least one low-temperature process is supported with a heat transfer medium of a temperature of> 500 ° C.
  • An example of such a low-temperature process between the two high-temperature processes is the generation of water vapor, wherein either the heat transport medium is provided as water vapor for a process or by means of a heat exchanger, the thermal energy of the heat transport medium is used to generate water vapor.
  • the heat transport medium can serve to preheat water, wherein the preheated water is used to generate water vapor.
  • Heating of the water in particular by means of a tube-in-tube heat exchanger, is also referred to as feedwater pre-heating.
  • the water vapor after the passage of the second turbine regularly has a temperature of just about 300 ° C. Water vapor of such a low temperature is not suitable for the effective generation of electrical energy. However, steam at a temperature of about 300 ° C is well-suited for supporting steps of the Bayer process and / or for treating red mud and / or heating purposes of buildings.
  • the waste heat is used to support a high-temperature process, wherein the remaining waste heat of the high-temperature process supports at least one low-temperature process.
  • the heat transport medium is made available to a low temperature process.
  • the temperature and / or the pressure of the heat transfer medium after the support of a high-temperature process is no longer sufficient for another high-temperature process.
  • the steam serving to treat red mud may be fed to further low temperature processes.
  • a treatment of red mud with a heat transport medium relates in particular to the support of the filtering of the red mud or the removal of the remaining water / the residual liquor from the red mud with the aid of the heat transport medium.
  • the heating of the liquor and / or the lye-bauxite mixture can be supported with the aid of the heat transport medium.
  • the essential steps of the Bayer process are carried out at temperatures below 100 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the steps of the Bayer process in principle by means of the heat transfer medium at a temperature of ⁇ 300 ° C can be supported.
  • the high-temperature process and / or a further high-temperature process is a generation of steam or a generation of electricity.
  • High temperature processes are processes that take place at temperatures above 400 ° C. Such processes are either the production of water vapor, the generation of electrical energy by means of a turbine connected to a generator and / or heating of a reaction mixture or raw material in the production of aluminum.
  • the generation of water vapor is advantageously carried out either by the direct use of the heat transport medium, if the heat transport medium is water vapor, or indirectly by the heating of water and / or water vapor by means of another heat exchanger, through which the heat transport medium is passed.
  • the low-temperature process and / or a further low-temperature process are a process step of the Bayer process and / or support steam generation.
  • Fields of application for the waste heat in the Bayer process are the heating of the reaction mixture, consisting of the lye, the bauxite, the heating of the liquor to increase the concentration of the liquor and to support the filtering of the reaction mixture for the separation of the red mud.
  • the reaction steps of the Bayer process are regularly found at Tempe- temperatures below 300 ° C and are therefore well suited for the use of waste heat.
  • water is preheated by the heat transfer medium in another heat exchanger.
  • the water can be heated from a temperature T equal to 15 ° C to a temperature T equal to 60 ° C and the 60 ° C warm water in a further step to the required temperature of the water vapor.
  • waste heat of a temperature up to 300 ° C can advantageously be used to support the processes of the Bayer process, the heat transport medium, which is no longer suitable for power generation. This saves energy by 4%.
  • the process step of the Bayer process is the filtering of red mud and / or the heating of a mixture of liquor and bauxite and / or to support a filtering and / or treatment of red mud and / or the heating of a liquor ,
  • red mud When filtering red mud, steam is used regularly to separate off the remaining water / to separate off the existing liquor. Furthermore, the steam can be used to dry the red mud. Advantageously, this reduces the volume of the red mud, removes sodium hydroxide or another base material from the red mud and thereby saves landfill space.
  • the heating of the reaction mixture, in particular the lye or the lye / bauxite mixture by the waste heat is advantageous, in particular in an autoclave, advantageous.
  • waste heat especially waste heat
  • the unwanted waste heat is stored in a heat storage.
  • the storage of the waste heat which is not required is possible in an insulated collecting container, the insulated collecting container being provided for receiving heated heat transport medium and / or for storing water vapor.
  • the stored waste heat can be used at a later time to support individual processes of the Bayer process or to generate electricity and / or to heat premises.
  • a step of the Bayer process is provided for utilizing the waste heat.
  • the Bayer process is used, as stated above, for the production of aluminum oxide from bauxite with the aid of lye, in particular of sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the waste heat is conducted from the source by means of pipelines to the reaction steps or reaction vessels, which require heat energy.
  • waste heat of a temperature of below 500 ° C can be used advantageously and thus reduces the use of conventional heat sources, such as a combustion furnace or an electric heater.
  • conventional heat sources such as a combustion furnace or an electric heater.
  • energy is advantageously saved and the manufacturing costs are reduced.
  • generation of electric current by means of a turbine and / or the generation of water vapor as a low-temperature process a step in the Bayer process or support for the production of steam is provided.
  • Power is generated regularly by a generator driven by a turbine.
  • the turbine is by means of the heat transfer medium, wherein the heat transport medium in particular steam at a temperature of up to 1,600 ° C and a pressure of up to 100 bar and possibly even more.
  • the heat transport medium can be used either directly as water vapor for further processes, if the heat transport medium medium water or water vapor. If the transport medium consists, for example, of a petroleum product, the heat transport medium can be used for heating or for evaporating water and thus for generating steam.
  • the device has a control device and optionally further control and regulating devices and control valves and optional sensors, wherein the control valves control the flow of a heat transfer medium, the sensors determine temperatures and / or pressure values, wherein a division of the heat transport medium WTM basis the temperatures and / or pressure values of the heat transfer medium to the high-temperature processes and / or the low-temperature processes is provided, and wherein a control and / or regulation of the distribution of the heat transfer medium WTM using the control device and / or the at least one optional control and Control device is provided.
  • the heat transport medium is routed regularly through pipelines from the source or the sources to the at least one high-temperature process and / or to the at least one low-temperature process.
  • the sensors are used to determine the temperature, the pressure values, and / or the flow velocity. the heat transfer medium within certain areas of the piping.
  • the determined temperatures, pressure values or flow velocities of the heat transport medium at the at least one point are transmitted by the sensors to a control device.
  • the control device controls the control valves which serve to distribute the heat transfer medium to the high-temperature processes or low-temperature processes.
  • control device also serves to log the use of waste heat and can thus advantageously determine the saving of energy.
  • FIG 5 shows an embodiment of the use of waste heat
  • FIG 6 shows a further embodiment of the use of waste heat.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simple scheme of the use of waste heat.
  • the waste heat in a source Ql is transferred to a first high temperature process HTP.
  • a heat transfer medium WTM serves to transport the waste heat.
  • the heat transfer medium WTM has a temperature Tl and a pressure value pl after the output of the source Ql.
  • the waste heat remaining from the high-temperature process HTP is transferred to a first low-temperature process NTP1 and transferred to a second low-temperature process NTP2.
  • the heat transport medium WTM has a temperature T2 and a pressure value p2.
  • Between the high temperature process HTP and the second low temperature process NTP2 is a control valve Sl.
  • the control valve Sl is used to divide the remaining waste heat of the high-temperature process HTP on the first low-temperature process NTP1 and the second low-temperature process NTP2.
  • the control valve Sl is advantageously operated by means of a control device 100, or manually.
  • the source Q 1 is advantageously the calcination or the waste heat of the fused-salt electrolysis in the production of aluminum or aluminum oxide.
  • the high-temperature process HTP is, for example, the generation of electrical energy with at least one turbine and one generator.
  • the kinetic energy that has been provided by means of a turbine can also be used for comminution of the bauxite by means of a turbine-driven mill.
  • the turbine can be designed as a so-called back pressure extraction turbine or as a removal condensation turbine.
  • at an outlet of the turbine steam is taken off via a valve Sl and fed to a low-temperature process NTP1, NTP2.
  • FIG 2 shows another scheme of the use of waste heat.
  • a high-temperature process HTP and a second low-temperature process NTP2 supplied with waste heat from a source Ql.
  • the remaining waste heat of the HTP high-temperature process is used to support the first low-temperature NTP2 process.
  • the heat transport medium WTM which for
  • High-temperature process HPT is passed, has a temperature Tl and a pressure value of pl.
  • the heat transfer medium WTM After the high-temperature process HTP, the heat transfer medium WTM still has a temperature T2 and a pressure value p2 on.
  • the heat transport medium WTM is fed to a first low-temperature process NTP1 after the support of the high-temperature process HTP. After the high-temperature process HTP, the heat transport medium has a temperature T2 and a pressure value of p2.
  • the second low-temperature process NTP2 is, for example, a treatment, in particular a filtering, of red mud.
  • Another option for the use of waste heat is the use of waste heat in a second low-temperature NTP2 process.
  • the second low-temperature process NTP2 is assisted by means of a heat transfer medium WTM of a high temperature, so that rapid heat transfer to another substance, for example the bauxite and / or a bauxite-liquor mixture, advantageously with a further heat exchanger 3 'is made possible ,
  • WTM heat transfer medium
  • the heat transport medium WTM can be condensed again after passing through the low-temperature processes NTP1, NTP2 and reheated in the source.
  • 3 shows a schematic with two sources Q1, Q2.
  • the first source Ql serves to support the high-temperature process HTP and a low-temperature process NTP.
  • the second source Q2, together with the first source Ql, serves to support the low temperature process NTP.
  • the heat transport medium WTM for supporting the high-temperature process HTP has a temperature Tl and a pressure value pl.
  • the waste heat of the first source Ql and the second source Q2 is through a heat transport medium WTM from the sources through, preferably separate, pipelines to the
  • the heat transfer medium WTM which transfers the waste heat from the first source Ql in support of the high-temperature process HTP, has a temperature Tl and a pressure pl.
  • the heat transport medium WTM which transmits the waste heat from the first source Ql to support the low-temperature process NTP, has a temperature Tl 1 and a pressure value pl ⁇ .
  • the heat transfer medium WTM which transmits the waste heat from the second source Q2 in support of the low-temperature process NTP, has a temperature ⁇ 1 and a pressure value pl ⁇ .
  • the remaining waste heat of the high-temperature process HTP serves to support another process HTP, NTPl, either a high-temperature process HTP or a low-temperature process NTPl.
  • the remaining waste heat of the low temperature process NTP serves to support at least one further low temperature process NTP2.
  • the heat transport medium WTM still has a temperature T2 and a pressure value p2, wherein the temperature T2 is regularly smaller than T1.
  • the heat transport medium has a temperature T3 and a pressure value p3.
  • waste heat which is released in the context of the high-temperature process HTP, also serve to support at least one low-temperature process NTP.
  • the high temperature process HTP acts as a source for at least one low temperature process.
  • the waste heat in the power generation by a generator G can be used to heat rooms.
  • waste heat is transferred from a first source Ql to a heat transport medium WTM and sent to a first high-temperature process HTP1.
  • the remaining waste heat of the first high-temperature process HTPl is transferred to a first low-temperature process NTP1 and supports the first low-temperature process NTPl.
  • Waste heat is supplied in the form of the heat transfer medium WTM a second source Q2.
  • the second source Q2 heats the heat transport medium WTM again to a sufficient temperature Tl ⁇ and densifies the heat transport medium if necessary. again to a sufficient pressure value pl ⁇ , so that the heated and possibly.
  • compressed heat transfer medium WTM is again suitable for supporting high-temperature processes HTP1, HTP2 and / or the low-temperature NTP2 process.
  • the heated and possibly compressed heat transport medium WTM is then passed either to support the first high-temperature process HTP1 and / or to support a second high-temperature process HTP2 and / or to the second low-temperature process NTP2.
  • the heat transport medium WTM has after the first source Ql a temperature Tl and a pressure value pl. After the support of the first high temperature process HTP1, the heat transport medium WTM has a temperature of T2 and a pressure value p2.
  • the temperature value Tl or the pressure value pl is regularly lower than the temperature value T2 and / or the pressure value p2.
  • the heat transport medium WTM After the support of the first low temperature process NTP1, the heat transport medium WTM has a temperature T3 and a pressure value p3.
  • the temperature T3 is regularly lower than the temperature Tl and the temperature T2.
  • the heat transport medium After a second source Q2, the heat transport medium has a temperature Tl ⁇ and a pressure value pl ⁇ .
  • the temperature T and optionally the pressure value p increase in the second source Q2.
  • the second source Q2 may be a conventional source of Q2, in which the heat transport medium WTM is heated for example by means of a combustion furnace from the temperature T3 to the temperature Tl. 1
  • the waste heat from another process such as the melt electrolysis, as a source Q2 for heating the heat transfer medium from the temperature T3 to a temperature Tl ⁇ used. If necessary, compression of the heat metransportmediums WTM between the individual processes HTPl, NTP1, HTP2, NTP2 instead.
  • a control device 100 controls the distribution of the heat transport medium WTM to the high-temperature processes HTPl, HTP2 and / or the low-temperature processes NTP1, NTP2 by means of control valves S1.
  • the allocation is based on the (Ab) - heat demand of the individual processes NTP1, HTPL, NTP2, NTP2 and the temperature Tl, Tl 1 and / or the pressure value pl, pl ⁇ of the heat transport medium WTM instead.
  • the control device 100 advantageously serves to monitor the processes NTP1, HTPL, NTP2, NTP2, so that the heat transport medium WTM is used as efficiently as possible. This monitoring is indicated by the hatched double arrows.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the device for utilizing waste heat in the production of aluminum oxide A1 2 0 3 .
  • the first source Q1 is a calcining furnace, the calcining furnace for converting aluminum hydroxide
  • Al (OH) 3 to alumina A1 2 0 3 is used.
  • the conversion of aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3 to alumina A1 2 0 3 is carried out by heating the aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3rd
  • the aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3 is the product of the preceding steps of the Bayer process, with individual steps of the Bayer process involving waste heat, in particular as low-temperature processes NTP1,
  • NTP2 can be supported.
  • the heating of the aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3 is carried out by means of a combustion furnace 5, which is arranged in the calcination furnace.
  • the unused heat of the calcination ie the waste heat, is transferred to the heat transfer medium WTM with a first heat exchanger 3.
  • heat transfer medium WTM advantageously serves water or water vapor.
  • the calcination furnace serves as the source Ql of the waste heat.
  • the heat transport medium WTM is preheated in another source Q2, by means of combustion exhaust gases.
  • the heat transport medium WTM After passing through the heat exchanger 3 in the calcining furnace, the heat transport medium WTM has a temperature of temperature Tl and a pressure value pl.
  • the heated heat transport medium WTM is passed to a first turbine Rl.
  • the drive of the first turbine Rl by means of the heat transport medium WTM is the first high-temperature process HTP1.
  • the heat transport medium WTM usually water vapor or water, is referred to as saturated steam in front of the entrance to the turbine Rl.
  • saturated steam in front of the entrance to the turbine Rl.
  • the turbine Rl serves the
  • Saturated steam for moving the turbine Rl wherein kinetic energy is transmitted to a generator G and wherein the generator G generates electrical energy from the kinetic energy.
  • the remaining waste heat from the first turbine Rl manifested by the heat transport medium WTM, has a temperature T2 of at least 500 ° C and a pressure p2 of several bar.
  • the heat transport medium is partially transferred to a second turbine R 2 or a first low-temperature process NTP 1.
  • the proportion of the heat transport medium WTM that is transmitted to the first low-temperature process NTP1 is determined by the control valve S1 based on the temperature T2 and / or the pressure value T2 of the control device 100 and / or by a control and regulating device 10.
  • a sensor 9 serves to determine the temperature T2 of the heat transport medium WTM.
  • the sensor 9 is advantageously provided close to the outlet of the first turbine R1 for determining the temperature T2 and / or the pressure value p2 and / or the flow speed of the outgoing heat transfer medium WTM.
  • the sensor 9 and the control valve Sl are connected to the control device 100 and / or a control and regulating device 10.
  • the control device 100 determines the advantageous fraction of the heat transport medium WTM in support of the low-temperature process NTP1, which contributes to the further heat exchange process. Shear 3 'is transferred to the low temperature process NTP1.
  • the heat transport medium After passing through the further heat exchanger 3 ', the heat transport medium has a temperature T3 and a pressure value p3.
  • the temperature T3, pressure value p3 and / or the flow velocity of the heat transport medium WTM is also determined with a sensor 9.
  • the outgoing heat transport medium WTM is used after the first low-temperature process NTP1, if appropriate, for the provision of water vapor and possibly heated once again and / or compressed.
  • the part of the heat transport medium WTM from the first turbine Rl, which does not support the low-temperature process NTP1, is directed into a second turbine R2.
  • the second turbine R2 is advantageously a turbine R2, which is suitable for a wet steam.
  • Wet steam ie steam at a temperature of 400 ° C to 1,000 ° C and a pressure of several bar usually requires a different type of turbine R2 than the first turbine Rl for conversion into kinetic energy.
  • the kinetic energy generated at the turbine R2 is transmitted to a generator G and serves in conjunction with the generator G for generating electrical energy.
  • the power generation by the wet steam is classified as the second high-temperature process HTP2.
  • the remaining waste heat that is to say the heat transport medium WTM which leaves the second turbine R2, advantageously serves to support a second low-temperature process NTP2.
  • the heat transport medium WTM has, after the second turbine R2, a temperature T4 and a pressure value p4.
  • the remaining waste heat is discharged through the further heat exchanger 3 ⁇ to be supported second low-temperature process NTP2 by the heat transfer medium WTM flows through the other heat exchanger 3 '.
  • the heat Transport medium itself be used to support the Bayer process or a treatment of red mud.
  • the heat transport medium After supporting the second low-temperature process NTP2, the heat transport medium still has a temperature of T5 and a pressure value of p5.
  • the heat transport medium WTM is transferred to the high-temperature processes HTP1 , HTP2 and / or the low-temperature processes NTP1, NTP2 distributed.
  • the distribution also depends advantageously on the needs of the process steps to be supported and / or on the (temporal) demand for electrical and / or kinetic energy. The distribution is thereby by a
  • the sensors 9 and the control valve Sl are connected to the control and regulating device 10 and / or the control device 100.
  • the heat transport medium WTM in particular in the case of water vapor, is advantageously fed to a condenser and / or compressor (not shown). After condensation / compression, the heat transport medium WTM is again in liquid form and can be reheated in the source. This closes a cycle of the heat transfer medium WTM.
  • the turbines R1, R2 can be different turbines.
  • the heat transport medium WTM first passes through a high-pressure turbine which is suitable for saturated steam.
  • a medium-pressure turbine R2 which is suitable for wet steam, a further use of the heat transfer medium WTM, which is present after passing through the first turbine Rl usually as wet steam.
  • Some turbines have an outlet opening from which heat transfer medium WTM different temperature T and pressure p can be removed.
  • the removed heat transport medium WTM can then serve to support further processes HTP, NTP, in particular low-temperature processes NTP, NTP1, NTP2. 6 shows a further embodiment of the use of waste heat.
  • a first source Ql is used to absorb the waste heat of exhaust gases, wherein the exhaust gases are generated in the calcination furnace.
  • the waste heat is transferred by means of a heat exchanger 3 to the heat transfer medium WTM.
  • the heat transport medium is then brought to a temperature Tl and a pressure value pl in a heat exchanger 3 of the second source Q2.
  • the second source Ql is the calcination furnace, wherein unused heat is transferred from a heat exchanger 3 to a heat transfer medium WTM.
  • the first source Q1 is advantageously a tube-in-tube heat exchanger 3. Through the tube-in-tube heat exchanger 3, some of the waste heat is removed from the exhaust gases of the incinerator of the calcination furnace.
  • the cooled exhaust gases are then released through a chimney to the environment.
  • the heat transport medium WTM is conducted through pipelines to the high-temperature process HTP and to a first low-temperature process NTP1 and to a second low-temperature process NTP2.
  • the distribution of the heat transport medium WTM to the processes NTP1, HTP1, HTP2 is carried out by control valves Sl.
  • the distribution of the heat transport medium WTM is based on the temperature of the heat transport medium Tl, T2, the pressure values pl, p2 and possibly the flow velocities of the heat transport medium WTM, wherein the temperatures Tl, T2, the pressure values pl, p2, and possibly the flow rates by sensors be determined. Further, the waste heat can also be stored in the form of the heated heat transport medium WTM the temperature Tl and the pressure value pl in a heat storage WS.
  • control valves Sl are controlled by a control device 100, wherein the control means control and
  • Control devices 10 has.
  • the control and regulating devices 10 are advantageously used as interfaces between the control device 100 and the control valves Sl and / or the sensors 9.
  • the sensors 9 are also connected to the control valves S1 and / or to the control and regulating device 10.
  • the control device 100 and / or the control and regulating devices 10 advantageously receive process data from the high-temperature processes HTP1, HTP2, the low-temperature processes NTP 1, NTP2 and / or the heat storage WS. This should be symbolized by the dashed connecting lines.
  • the control unit can also serve to control and / or regulate further processes of the plant, in particular procedural steps of the Bayer process.
  • Low-temperature processes NTP1, NTP2 are understood to mean reaction steps, in particular of the Bayer process, which can be assisted with a heat transfer medium at a temperature below 500 ° C.
  • process steps of the Bayer process and / or the treatment of red mud are advantageously supported with a heat transport medium WTM a temperature of up to 300 ° C.
  • high-temperature processes HTP1, HTP2 is the generation of kinetic energy, for example, to drive a Umisselzmechanismus or for the treatment of bauxite and for converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy with a generator G understood.
  • the heat transfer medium WTM can be used to generate steam or, if the heat transfer medium is water or water vapor, the heat transfer medium can itself also serve to support the processes that require water vapor.
  • the invention relates to the use of waste heat, in particular in the production of aluminum oxide, for supporting at least one first high-temperature process HTP, HTP1, HTP2 and at least one low-temperature process NTP, NTP1,
  • NTP2 wherein the low-temperature process NTP, NTP1, NTP2 allows a support with a heat transport medium WTM, which has a lower temperature than that of the temperature of a heat transfer medium WTM, which is provided to support a high-temperature process HTP.
  • the waste heat is thereby transferred from at least one source Q, Q1, Q2 with the aid of a heat transport medium WTM to the high-temperature processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2 and / or the low-temperature processes NTP, NTP1, NTP2.
  • heat transfer medium WTM advantageously serves water vapor.
  • the process steps of the Bayer process are advantageously supported as low-temperature processes NTP, NTP1, NTP2.
  • a control device 100 and at least one control valve S1 supports the distribution of the heat transport medium WTM to the processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2 on the basis of temperatures T1, T2, T3, T4 and / or pressure values pl, p2, p3, p and / or flow velocities of the heat transfer medium WTM and based on the needs of the individual processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2.
  • Low-temperature processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2 are in particular the provision and / or support in the provision of steam and / or the heating of a substance such as the red mud and / or a reaction mixture.
  • High-temperature processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2 are in particular the drive of a turbine Rl, R2 and / or the generation and / or provision of steam.
  • the invention relates to the use of waste heat, in particular in the production of aluminum oxide, to support at least a first high-temperature process HTP, HTP1, HTP2 and at least one low-temperature process NTP, NTP1, NTP2, wherein the low-temperature process support with a heat transport medium WTM allowed, which has a lower temperature T2, T3, T4, than the temperature Tl, ⁇ , T2 of a heat transfer medium WTM, which is provided to support a high-temperature process HTP, HTP1, HTP2.
  • the waste heat is thereby transferred from at least one source Q, Q1, Q2 with the aid of a heat transport medium WTM to the high-temperature processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2 and / or the low-temperature processes NTP, NTP1, NTP2.
  • heat transfer medium WTM advantageously serves water vapor.
  • the process steps of the Bayer process are advantageously supported as low-temperature processes NTP, NTP1, NTP2.
  • a control device 100 and at least one control valve S1 supports the distribution of the heat transport medium WTM to the processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2.
  • the distribution takes place on the basis of temperatures T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 and / or pressure values p 1, p 2, p 3, p 4 and / or flow velocities of the heat transport medium WTM.
  • the support of the processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2 also depends on the current need for heat of the individual processes HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une utilisation de la chaleur perdue, en particulier lors de la production d'oxyde d'aluminium, pour assister au moins un premier processus à haute température (HTP, HTP1, HTP2) et au moins un processus à basse température (NTP, NTP1, NTP2), le processus à basse température permettant d'assister un moyen de transport de chaleur (WTM) dont la température (T2, T3, T4) est inférieure à la température (T1, T1', T2) d'un moyen de transport de chaleur (WTM) prévu pour assister un processus à haute température (HTP, HTP1, HTP2). La chaleur perdue est transmise à l'aide d'un moyen de transport de chaleur (WTM) par au moins une source (Q, Q1, Q2) jusqu'aux processus à haute température (HTP, HTP1, HTP2) et/ou aux processus à basse température (NTP, NTP1, NTP2). La vapeur d'eau sert avantageusement de moyen de transport de chaleur (WTM). Les étapes du procédé Bayer sous la forme des processus à basse température (NTP, NTP1, NTP2) sont avantageusement assistées en particulier pour la production d'oxyde d'aluminium à partir de bauxite. Un système de contrôle (100) et au moins une soupape de commande (S1) assistent la distribution du moyen de transport de chaleur (WTM) sur les processus (HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2). La distribution se fait à l'aide des températures (T1, T2, T3, T4) et/ou des valeurs de pression (p1, p2, p3, p4) et/ou des vitesses d'écoulement du moyen de transport de chaleur (WTM). L'assistance aux processus (HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2) est également fonction du besoin de chaleur (momentané) des processus individuels (HTP, HTP1, HTP2, NTP, NTP1, NTP2).
PCT/EP2014/070735 2013-09-30 2014-09-29 Utilisation de la chaleur perdue WO2015044403A1 (fr)

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US3966537A (en) * 1971-02-24 1976-06-29 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Device for waste heat recovery and sand removal in the Bayer process
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US3966537A (en) * 1971-02-24 1976-06-29 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Device for waste heat recovery and sand removal in the Bayer process
DE102009041659A1 (de) * 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nutzung der Abwärme flüssiger Schlacke
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CN108020114A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-05-11 安徽内售网络科技有限公司 一种可过滤且能检测介质温度的换热器

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