WO2015044016A1 - Procédé et système d'estimation d'exposition à un rayonnement et agencement comprenant une source de rayonnement et le système - Google Patents

Procédé et système d'estimation d'exposition à un rayonnement et agencement comprenant une source de rayonnement et le système Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015044016A1
WO2015044016A1 PCT/EP2014/069848 EP2014069848W WO2015044016A1 WO 2015044016 A1 WO2015044016 A1 WO 2015044016A1 EP 2014069848 W EP2014069848 W EP 2014069848W WO 2015044016 A1 WO2015044016 A1 WO 2015044016A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation
person
exposure
intensity distribution
radiation exposure
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PCT/EP2014/069848
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English (en)
Inventor
Njin-Zu Chen
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips N.V.
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Publication of WO2015044016A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015044016A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/02—Dosimeters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
    • A61B6/4441—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/542—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving control of exposure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments

Definitions

  • a method and system for estimating radiation exposure and arrangement including a radiation source and the system
  • the present invention relates to a system for estimating radiation exposure.
  • the present invention further relates to an arrangement comprising a radiation source and a system for estimating radiation exposure.
  • the present invention still further relates to a method for estimating radiation exposure.
  • the present invention still further relates to a computer program product.
  • x-rays People working in places where x-rays are used (e.g. in a catheterization laboratory, an airport scanning system or a manufacturing environment) need to be constantly aware of the radiation sources and levels in the room, and also need to track their exposure. In most countries this is specified by legal requirements. This is typically done with a radiation badge. This is a small device measuring the accumulated exposure on that particular device. The device is worn on the body. A comparable real-time measurement system is the Philips Dose- Aware. This is a pendant that continuously transmits information on the dose exposure, enabling real-time feedback.
  • WO86/04153 discloses an example of a personal radiation monitor that comprises a radiation detector producing rate information related to real time radiation exposure rate to which said radiation detector is exposed, a digital processor responsive to said radiation detector for integrating said rate information to maintain total dose information, and output means responsive to information provided by said digital processor for providing a manifestation of at least said rate and total dose information.
  • US2013-062527 discloses an implantable radiation sensing device, comprising an x-ray radiation sensor device operable to detect, in vivo, one or more x-ray radiation stimuli associated with an x-ray radiation exposure event, the x-ray radiation sensor device including at least a first direction-selective sensor for detecting, in vivo, one or more x-ray radiation stimuli propagating in a first direction, and a second direction-selective sensor for detecting, in vivo, one or more x-ray radiation stimuli propagating in a second direction, the second direction different from the first direction; and an x-ray radiation direction-determination device operable to determine at least one of an x- ray radiation source location or an x-ray radiation propagation direction based on one or more measurement outputs from at least one of the first direction-selective sensor or the second direction-selective sensor.
  • a system for estimating radiation exposure of a person to radiation generated by a radiation source external to said person.
  • the system comprises an intensity distribution calculation unit, a person tracking unit and a radiation exposure estimation unit.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit is provided to estimate a spatial radiation intensity distribution of radiation generated by the radiation source using a model of the radiation source. I.e. the spatial radiation intensity distribution specifies the radiation intensity as a function of position.
  • the spatial radiation intensity distribution will also be denoted herein as radiation intensity distribution or intensity distribution.
  • the model may also include other entities present in the neighborhood of the radiation source that could change the radiation intensity distribution, such as reflective surfaces and protective elements, e.g. glasses, shields.
  • the person tracking unit is provided to determine an instantaneous position and posture of at least one person.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit is provided to estimate a radiation exposure of the at least one person based on said estimated radiation intensity distribution and said determined instantaneous position and posture and a model of the person's body.
  • a position may be expressed as a relative position with respect to the radiation source, or as a relative position with respect to a reference point in a room wherein the radiation source is arranged for example.
  • the system according to the first aspect of the present invention is improved in that it provides for a global estimation of the radiation exposure. Therewith it can be determined with more accuracy whether the exposure for the operator involved is within acceptable limits.
  • an identification module is included to allow identification of the at least one person as well as a personal history storage module maintained by the radiation exposure estimation unit to store an exposure history of the at least one person. Therein the radiation exposure estimation unit further bases the estimated radiation exposure of the at least one person on said exposure history. Identification of the at least one person may be realized by that person entering his/hers name with a keyboard or other input means. Alternatively the identification module may use biometric characteristics to determine the person's identity, or may identify the at least one person by an identification card carried by the at least one person.
  • the personal history storage module may store therein for example a global exposure dose received for the at least one person, or local exposure doses for the at least one person, e.g. for sensitive body parts, such as the head.
  • the model of the person's body used by the radiation exposure estimation unit includes a sensitivity distribution of the person's body to the radiation.
  • the sensitivity distribution of the person's body is taken into account when calculating an effective radiation intensity.
  • the effective radiation intensity can be integrated over time and space to determine an effective dose to which the body is exposed.
  • the sensitivity distribution of the person's body may taken into account after one of these integration steps or after both integration steps. It is further noted that these integration steps may be performed in inverse order.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit may use more or less advanced radiation models. For example in less complex situations, a model may be used that is only based on the radiation distribution profile associated with the source. In a more complex environment the effect of objects (reflection, absorption) present in the room may be taken into account, e.g. by application of a ray-tracing model or using a scattering model.
  • the system according to the first aspect further comprises at least one radiation sensor to provide an indication for a locally sensed value of the radiation intensity, and the intensity distribution calculation unit uses the indication to improve the calculated intensity distribution. In this way independent information is obtained about the radiation intensity level, that can be used to improve the predicted outcome. Also a warning signal may issued indicative of an error condition if the predicted outcome and the measured value differ more than a predetermined threshold value.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit has at least a first warning module to detect whether a radiation dose to which the person's body is exposed exceeds a predetermined value and to issue a first warning signal in response to said detection.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit has at least a second warning module to detect whether an instantaneous exposure of the persons body exceeds a predetermined value and to issue a second warning signal in response to said detection.
  • the second warning signal is in particular suitable to be used for preventing that a situation occurs wherein an allowed radiation dose is exceeded.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit has at least a third warning module to detect whether a radiation intensity locally and instantaneously exceeds a predetermined value, and to issue a third warning signal in response to said detection.
  • a third warning module to detect whether a radiation intensity locally and instantaneously exceeds a predetermined value, and to issue a third warning signal in response to said detection.
  • local overexposure of the body e.g. of sensitive tissues can be signaled, allowing prevention thereof.
  • this is relevant for the head as this body part is relatively sensitive to radiation.
  • the head of the operator tends to receive a relatively large amount of radiation, as it is typically not shielded (except by protective glasses).
  • the head is almost always in a line-of-sight to the patient, and radiation source, and with that in a direct exposure line.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit has at least a fourth warning module to detect whether a radiation dose locally exceeds a predetermined value, and to issue a fourth warning signal in response to said detection.
  • system further includes at least one optical marker attached to at least one object worn by the at least one person.
  • Optical markers may be used to facilitate tracking, so that a more simple implementation of the tracking unit is possible.
  • An arrangement according to the second aspect of the present invention comprises a radiation source and an embodiment of a system according to the first aspect.
  • a method is provided for estimating radiation exposure of a person to radiation generated by a radiation source external to said person. The method comprises at least the following steps.
  • the model for carrying out the estimation may further include other relevant information, e.g. information about entities in the room that could effect the radiation intensity distribution, such as reflecting surfaces, and absorbing objects, e.g. safety clothing.
  • an improved computer program product comprising a computer program which when executed causes a programmable processor to perform the steps of estimating a radiation intensity distribution, determining an instantaneous position and posture and estimating a radiation exposure of the method according to the third aspect.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an arrangement comprising a radiation source and a system according to the present invention for estimating radiation exposure of a person to radiation generated by the radiation source
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a system according to the present invention in more detail
  • FIG. 3 shows part of an embodiment of a system according to the present invention in more detail
  • FIG. 4 shows another part of an embodiment of a system according to the present invention in more detail
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows exemplary data as a function of time
  • FIG. 6 schematically show a method according to the present invention.
  • the disclosure is particularly applicable to a system used to inspect, treat and or diagnose a patient in which it is desired to minimize exposure to radiation as far as possible for an operator of the system and it is in this context that the disclosure will be described.
  • the system and method for reducing radiation exposure has greater utility since it can be used in any application in which it is desirable to minimize the radiation exposure of an object or a person, such as a patient or operator, that can be harmed by that exposure and those applications may include systems that inspect an object in which the operator may be exposed to radiation (such as airports scanning systems, different security setups, manufacturing and process controls, etc.) or systems to inspect a patient (such as in a clinic or a hospital, e.g. cathetherization laboratory, where a
  • the radiation minimization can be used with any type of radiation including ionizing radiation sources (x-ray, gamma, alpha and beta) and nonionizing radiation sources (electromagnetic, US).
  • the radiation minimization may also be used with 3D systems such as CT, MRI, Bi-Plane and others.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an arrangement 100 wherein a system according to the present invention is applicable.
  • the reference numeral 10 represents a radiation source, for example in use in a diagnostic or treatment apparatus arranged in a room.
  • a patient 1 is arranged on the bed 2 for diagnosis or treatment with the diagnostic or treatment apparatus.
  • the radiation source 10 may be provided with beam shaping components such as diaphragms, lenses and mirrors.
  • An operator 3, e.g. a physician is present in the room to operate the apparatus and observe the patient 1.
  • the radiation dose typically received by the persons involved, i.e. the patient and the operator during a single diagnostic session is considered safe.
  • the operator however receives a multitude of doses due to the daily work with the radiation source 10, and has a higher risk as the accumulated amount of the received doses is higher. In most countries a legal maximum value is set to the accumulated dose to mitigate detrimental effects for the operator.
  • An embodiment of a system according to the second aspect of the invention is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.
  • the system for estimating radiation exposure of a person to radiation generated by a radiation source 10 comprises an intensity distribution calculation unit 20, a person tracking unit 30 coupled to a camera 32 and a radiation exposure estimation unit 40.
  • the system 20, 30, 40 in combination with the radiation source 10 forms a medical arrangement 100.
  • the person tracking unit 30 Based on visual input data Dvi received from at least one camera 32, the person tracking unit 30 provides data Dpp indicative of the instantaneous position and posture of at least one person present in the room.
  • Tracking units are known as such to the skilled person. Examples of commercially available tracking units are the Kinect camera for the X-Box and Intel's Perceptual Computing SDK. Typically these systems employ a time of flight (ToF) sensor, however also other implementations are possible e.g. by using a stereo camera, or a structured light camera, such as is used for example in the first generation Kinect sensor.
  • the tracking unit 30 may be capable of tracking a plurality of persons at the same time.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit 20 is arranged for calculating a spatial radiation intensity distribution, i.e. an intensity of radiation as a function of a position in a room, on the basis of a model of the radiation source 10 and entities present in the room.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit 20 may calculate the spatial radiation intensity distribution on the basis of the specifications of the radiation source and its present settings.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit 20 may use a ray tracing and scattering model that simulates the course of the radiation emitted by the radiation source.
  • Such algorithms are well known as such for computer graphics to generate a (pseudo) 3D image on the basis of a model of light sources and objects.
  • the model used by the intensity distribution calculation unit 20 may include the following:
  • a specification Ds of the properties of the radiation source 10 such as information about the current operational state and position of the radiation source, and its radiation profile, Also optionally information may be included about beam-shaping components used by the radiation source.
  • the specification of the properties of the radiation source 10 are provided by the radiation source itself.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit 20 may have this information stored in an internal memory or receive this from another information source.
  • the specification Do specifies which entities are present in the room and further specifies their positions and orientations, as well as their properties for the radiation emitted by the radiation source 10, such as reflectance, absorption and transmission.
  • displacements of furniture commonly occurs in operating rooms. Even if this furniture does not significantly affect the propagation of the radiation emitted by the radiation source, it may effect the tracking of persons.
  • the tracking unit 30 may be arranged to determine an instantaneous position of furniture present in the neighborhood of the radiation source at a point in time when nobody is present in e.g. a kind of 0-point measurement. Such a 0-point measurement is preferably conducted short before actual use of the system to determine radiation exposure, so that recent information is available about said furniture.
  • the person tracking unit 30 may be arranged to ignore any non human- like entities.
  • position information may be provided by the tracking unit 30.
  • This position formation may be used in conjunction with stored static information, such as a three-dimensional model of these entities and a specification defining how they effect the propagation.
  • static information such as a three-dimensional model of these entities and a specification defining how they effect the propagation.
  • 3D scanner that provides for a transformation of the scanned objects to explicitly modeled elements, so that it is only necessary to store the above-mentioned specification.
  • the entities may include the boundaries of the room, i.e. floor, ceiling and walls and may further include the main scattering and shielding objects in the room (e.g.
  • the entity information unit Based on the data Dpp indicative of the instantaneous position and posture, the entity information unit maintains the correct data for instantaneous position and orientation of the persons as well as the attributes carried by these persons, such as protecting clothing, protecting glasses etc.
  • Position and orientation information of non-moving objects may be stored in a permanent memory associated with the entity information unit.
  • the non-moving objects may be provided with optical markers.
  • the unit 30 may be extended to report also the position of such non-moving objects to the entity information unit 22.
  • entities may report their own position and orientation data to the intensity distribution calculation unit 20. For example this data may be included in the data Ds provided by the radiation source 10 to the intensity distribution calculation unit 20.
  • the system for estimating radiation exposure further includes a radiation exposure estimation unit 40 that is arranged for estimating a radiation exposure of the at least one person in said room based on said estimated radiation intensity distribution and said detected instantaneous position and posture and a model of the persons body.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 can use this identification Ip to maintain a personal history storage module as described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.1n case the tracking unit 30 is capable of tracking a plurality of persons at the same time, the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 can separately calculate the radiation exposure for each of these persons.
  • the system further includes one or more radiation sensors 60.
  • Each radiation sensor 60 provides a radiation intensity signal Drs indicative for a locally sensed value of the radiation intensity.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit 20 uses the radiation intensity signal to improve the calculated intensity distribution.
  • Radiation sensors 60 may be mounted at fixed positions in the room or alternatively be attached to attributes present in the room, for example attributes worn by the persons present in the room, e.g. attached to protecting clothing, protecting glasses etc.
  • the radiation intensity signal Drs for a position xi indicates a measured radiation intensity S 1 ( xi )
  • the radiation intensity estimated for that position on the basis of the model is S2( xi )
  • a corrected value Sc( x ) for all positions x can be determined from the value S2(x ) calculated on the basis of the model as follows:
  • a is a parameter having a value selected in the range between 0 and 1 depending on the reliability of the model and of the radiation sensor used.
  • the value for a is closer to 1 if the reliability of the value S2(xi ), calculated on the basis of the model is considered higher than that indicated by the radiation sensor 60 and the value for a is closer to 0 if the radiation intensity value indicated by the radiation sensor is considered more reliable.
  • the output signal Drc indicates the corrected intensity distribution Sc(x ). In case no radiation sensor 60 is used, the output signal Drc indicates the radiation intensity distribution
  • this sensed data is used by an interpolation module 62 to calculate an interpolated radiation intensity field S 1 ( x ) indicated by signal Drs.
  • the interpolated radiation intensity field is calculated for example by a polynomial interpolation with a polynomial of degree m, wherein m ⁇ n.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit 20 includes a first module 24 that estimates the radiation intensity distribution S2( x ) indicated by signal Drm on the basis of the model.
  • the intensity distribution calculation unit 20 further includes a second module 25 that calculates a corrected estimation Sc( x ) for the radiation intensity distribution, indicated by signal Drc as follows. (l - a).Sl(x), wherein the parameter a has same function as described above for a system having a single radiation intensity sensor.
  • the exposure dose D received by a person may be calculated by radiation exposure estimation unit 40 as follows:
  • the function B x, t is a binary function indicating the presence of the person's body at a position x at time t indicating by signal Dpp of tracking unit 30.
  • a value of s(x,i) equal to 1 indicates that the person's body is present at position x at time t.
  • equal to 0 indicates that the person's body is not present at that position at that time.
  • the accumulated absorbed dose can be calculated, i.e. the energy deposited in the tissue.
  • the dose is substantially proportional to the radiation intensity integrated over body volume and time as the absorption of radiation is substantially the same for all body tissues, i.e. comparable to absorption of radiation by water.
  • an effective dose (also denoted as equivalent dose) may be calculated by taking into account that different parts of the body have a mutually different sensitivity for radiation.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 is arranged to estimate the radiation exposure using a model 50 of the person's body including a sensitivity distribution of the person's body to the radiation.
  • the function is a function indicating a relative sensitivity for the body tissue present at position x at time t.
  • the coordinates may indicate a position relative to the sensor, or a position relative to the radiation source 10 for example.
  • a coordinate system ( y ) may be defined by the human body.
  • the calculated intensity distribution Sc ⁇ x, t) has to be transformed to the space defined by these coordinates.
  • a practical implementation of the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the unit 40 includes a first module 41 that calculates the relative sensitivity of the body tissue present at position x at time t using the input Dpp indicative of the instantaneous position x (t) and posture of at least one person present in the room and using information Bm representing the persons body from model 50.
  • Multiplier 42 calculates the product of the relative sensitivity and the radiation intensity distribution Sc ⁇ x, t) as indicated by signal Drc.
  • volume integrator 43 therewith obtaining a spatially integrated exposure I.
  • this result I is integrated over time with time integrator 44, to determine the effective dose D received by the at least one person.
  • the integration steps may be interchanged. I.e. first an accumulated dose per volume is calculated as function of position, and that is then integrated over the person's body.
  • the integration over time by integrator 44 and the multiplication are commutative. I.e. in the alternative arrangement, wherein the integrator 44 precedes the integrator 43, the multiplier 42 maybe arranged at the output of the time integrator.
  • a personal history storage module 401 is provided that is maintained by the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 to store an exposure history of the at least one person.
  • the radiation exposure unit further bases the estimated radiation exposure of the at least one person on said exposure history.
  • the personal history storage module 401 stores the effective dose D calculated for the identified person, and in a next session with the same person takes the earlier received dose D into account when calculating the received dose for that next session, e.g. by adding the earlier received doses and the dose received in that next session.
  • the earlier received dose may be weighted by an attenuation factor depending on the elapsed time between the earlier sessions and the next session.
  • FIG. 5 shows by way of example the integrated exposure intensity I and the effective dose D over time t.
  • the left vertical axis represents the intensity I for an exemplary output signal of integrator 43 (See curve i) and the right vertical axis represents the dose D for an exemplary output signal of the integrator 44 (See curve a).
  • may be calculated from a first function Tt[x, t ⁇ indicating a tissue type present at position x at time t and a second function St(Tt) that indicates the sensitivity of tissue types.
  • the overall radiation exposure can be accurately determined.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 has a first warning module 45 for detecting whether a radiation dose D to which the persons body is exposed exceeds a predetermined value and in response to said detection issuing a first warning signal, e.g. a light or sound signal.
  • the predetermined value may be a maximum allowed level (Dmax).
  • Dmax maximum allowed level
  • issuance of the alert signal implies that the operator should be replaced by a collegue as soon as possible to prevent overexposure.
  • measures may be taken to anticipate this situation and to take preventive measures.
  • the predetermined level for detection by the warning module 45 is a level (Dwarn) lower than the maximum allowed dose, for example 2/3 of the maximum allowed dose (Dmax).
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 has at least a second warning module 46 for detecting whether an instantaneous exposure, i.e. the spatially integrated exposure intensity I, of the persons body exceeds a predetermined value It and in response to said detection issuing a second warning signal.
  • an exceeding of the predetermined level may not impose a direct risk, it may have the effect that the maximum dose Dmax is relatively rapidly reached as is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that the operator becomes well aware of situations and locations resulting in a high exposure so that s/he can better avoid these situations and locations where possible.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 also has a warning module 47 for detecting whether a radiation intensity locally and instantaneously exceeds a predetermined value. This warning module 47 can for example issue a warning signal if certain parts of the body, are exposed to a high radiation intensity.
  • the radiation exposure estimation unit 40 in this embodiment further has a time-integrator 48 that integrates the signal provided by multiplier 42 to obtain a signal Dl, indicative for the local radiation dose.
  • the time-integrator 48 is coupled to the personal history storage module 401.
  • the personal history storage module 401 stores in addition to information about a global radiation dose also information about local radiation doses for each person. This latter information is maintained by the time-integrator 48 and is taken into account by the time-integrator 48 when determining local radiation doses in next sessions, in a manner analogous as described for the time-integrator 44.
  • the unit has at least a fourth warning module 49 to detect whether a radiation dose locally exceeds a predetermined value, and to issue a fourth warning signal in response to said detection.
  • Warning signals may be issued that are perceivable to the operator and/or to a controller for guarding a safe course of the procedure. Also other warning mechanisms may be present to warn the operator to avoid certain situations where possible.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a method for estimating radiation exposure of a person to radiation generated by a radiation source. The method comprising at least the following steps.
  • Radiation is provided (SI) with a radiation source, e.g. a radiation source (10) for diagnostic purposes, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a radiation source e.g. a radiation source (10) for diagnostic purposes, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a spatial radiation intensity distribution is estimated (S2) of said radiation, i.e. the radiation intensity as a function of the position in a room, based on a calculation using a model of the radiation source and of entities present in the room.
  • an instantaneous position and posture of at least one person in said room is determined (S3). Based on the estimated radiation intensity distribution obtained in step S2, and the information obtained in step S3 on said determined instantaneous position and posture taking into account a model of the persons body a radiation exposure of the at least one person in said room is estimated in step S4.
  • the elements listed in the system and arrangement claims are meant to include any hardware (such as separate or integrated circuits or electronic elements) or software (such as programs or parts of programs) which reproduce in operation or are designed to reproduce a specified function, be it solely or in conjunction with other functions, be it in isolation or in co-operation with other elements.
  • the invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer.
  • 'Computer program product is to be understood to mean any software product stored on a computer-readable medium, such as a floppy disk, downloadable via a network, such as the Internet, or marketable in any other manner.
  • first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, modules and/or units, these elements, components, modules and/or units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, module and/or unit from another element, component, module and/or unit. Thus, a first element, component, module and/or unit discussed herein could be termed a second element, component, module and/or unit without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
  • the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
  • a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
  • “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système d'estimation d'exposition à un rayonnement d'une personne à un rayonnement généré par une source de rayonnement (10) externe à ladite personne. Le système comprend une unité de calcul de répartition d'intensité (20) servant à estimer une répartition spatiale d'intensité de rayonnement du rayonnement généré par la source de rayonnement au moyen d'un modèle de la source de rayonnement. Le système comprend en outre une unité de localisation de personne (30) servant à déterminer une position et une posture instantanées d'au moins une personne. Le système comprend en outre une unité d'estimation d'exposition à un rayonnement (40) servant à estimer une exposition à un rayonnement de ladite personne sur la base de ladite répartition spatiale d'intensité de rayonnement estimée et desdites position et posture instantanées détectées et d'un modèle du corps de la personne.
PCT/EP2014/069848 2013-09-30 2014-09-18 Procédé et système d'estimation d'exposition à un rayonnement et agencement comprenant une source de rayonnement et le système WO2015044016A1 (fr)

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EP13186606 2013-09-30
EP13186606.3 2013-09-30
EP13187231 2013-10-03
EP13187231.9 2013-10-03

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP3134001B1 (fr) * 2014-04-24 2018-01-24 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dispositif de reconnaissance de parties corporelles du personnel ou de patients utilisant des marqueurs destiné à empêcher ou réduire toute exposition indésirable
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