WO2015041366A1 - Operation plan creation device and operation plan creation method - Google Patents

Operation plan creation device and operation plan creation method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015041366A1
WO2015041366A1 PCT/JP2014/075757 JP2014075757W WO2015041366A1 WO 2015041366 A1 WO2015041366 A1 WO 2015041366A1 JP 2014075757 W JP2014075757 W JP 2014075757W WO 2015041366 A1 WO2015041366 A1 WO 2015041366A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
operation plan
charging
electric
power
powered vehicles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/075757
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hideyuki Aisu
Hisashi Yamada
Original Assignee
Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba filed Critical Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
Priority to CN201480050087.1A priority Critical patent/CN105555587A/en
Publication of WO2015041366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015041366A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/68—Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
    • G01C21/34—Route searching; Route guidance
    • G01C21/3453—Special cost functions, i.e. other than distance or default speed limit of road segments
    • G01C21/3469—Fuel consumption; Energy use; Emission aspects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/70—Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/70—Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
    • B60L2240/72—Charging station selection relying on external data
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/80—Time limits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/52—Control modes by future state prediction drive range estimation, e.g. of estimation of available travel distance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/54—Energy consumption estimation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein relate generally to an operation plan creation device, and an operation plan creation method.
  • the charge timing of each electric-powered vehicle has to be appropriately managed, and peak-shifting has to be performed in a systematic manner.
  • a method of stabilizing the electricity distribution system of a region by controlling the charge timing of an electric-powered vehicle already connected to charging equipment is being proposed.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1C are block diagrams showing a schematic configuration of an operation plan management system provided with an operation plan creation device.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an entire operation route of a registered vehicle registered in the operation plan management system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of a basic operation diagram specified for the entire operation route of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4A and 4B are activity diagrams showing the flow of an overall action of the operation plan creation device.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of a basic operation plan creation method.
  • FIGS. 6A to 6D are diagrams showing examples of a temporary operation plan created based on the basic operation diagram of FIG. 3, and charging loads predicted for the temporary operation plan.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an operation plan created by locally changing the temporary operation plan of FIG. 6.
  • an operation plan creation device includes a prediction unit and creation unit, the prediction unit predicts, in a case where a plurality of electric-powered vehicles are to be operated based on an operation plan, charging power needed by a plurality of charging stations at respective time points to charge batteries mounted on respective electric-powered vehicles at the charging stations.
  • the charging stations are provided on an operation route of the electric-powered vehicles.
  • the creation unit creates the operation plan for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles by using the prediction unit, in such a way that a predetermined constraint of at least one of the charging station and the battery is satisfied.
  • an operation plan creation method predict, in a case where a plurality of electric-powered vehicles are to be operated based on an operation plan, charging power needed by a plurality of charging stations at respective time points to charge batteries mounted on respective electric- powered vehicles at the charging stations.
  • the charging stations are provided on an operation route of the electric-powered vehicles.
  • the method creates an operation plan for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles based on the predicted charging power in such a way that a predetermined constraint of at least one of the charging station and the battery is satisfied.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1C are block diagrams showing a schematic configuration of an operation plan management system provided with the operation plan creation device.
  • the operation plan management system is a system for creating an operation plan for a plurality of electric-powered vehicles 1 to N registered in the system, and for managing the operation of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, and may be used for creation of an operation plan for buses or electric-powered vehicles for BRT or the like whose operation plan (diagram) is made available to users or for management of the operation, for example.
  • the operation plan management system includes a plurality of electric-powered vehicles 1 to N (electric-powered vehicles 100 are indicated as examples) registered in the system, charging equipment (charging equipment 118 is indicated as an example) capable of charging a battery mounted on each of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, and an operation plan creation device 104 for creating an operation plan for the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N.
  • the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, the charging equipment 118, and the operation plan creation device 104 may be interconnected by an internet connection, a dedicated wireless connection or the like.
  • the electric-powered vehicle 100 is registered in the operation plan management system, and operates along an operation route that is specified by an operation plan created by the operation plan creation device 104.
  • an operation plan is an operation route along which each of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N is to operate, the operation plan being specified by a basic operation diagram described below.
  • Electric-powered vehicles to be registered in the operation plan management system include electric vehicles (EV), electric buses for BRT or the like, electric motorcycles, trains that are driven by batteries, and the like.
  • the electric-powered vehicle 100 registered in the operation plan management system includes communication unit which is to be notified of the operation plan created by the operation plan creation device 104. When the communication unit is notified of the operation plan, the driver of each electric-powered vehicle may grasp the operation route of his vehicle, and may operate the electric-powered vehicle according to the operation plan.
  • a vehicle-mounted terminal 101, a mobile phone or the like provided with plan storage unit 102 may be used as the communication unit.
  • one or more non-electric-powered vehicles such as gasoline-power vehicles
  • the operation plan creation device 104 creates an operation plan in which the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N and the non-electric-powered vehicles 103 are present in a mixed manner, and notifies communication unit (the vehicle-mounted terminals 101, mobile phones, or the like) of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N and of the non-electric-powered vehicles 103 of the operation plan.
  • the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N and the non-electric-powered vehicles 103 registered in the operation plan management system will be collectively referred to as registered vehicles.
  • the charging equipment 118 is installed at each of a plurality of charging stations 1 to M provided on the operation route of the registered vehicles. Batteries mounted on the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N are charged by being supplied with power by the charging equipment.
  • the charging equipment 118 includes charge/discharge management device 119, and chargers 1 to L.
  • the charge/discharge management device 119 is a controller device for managing the charging equipment 118, and includes communication unit 117 for communicating with the operation plan creation device 104, plan storage unit 120 for storing an equipment use plan (a charge plan) notified by the operation plan creation device 104 via the communication unit 117, electricity storage equipment 121 for accumulating power for charging the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, and a PCS (power conditioning system) 124.
  • the charging equipment 118 is supplied with externally supplied power from an external power source 122 via the PCS 124, and accumulates the supplied power in the electricity storage equipment 121.
  • the external power source 122 supply unit for supplying power purchased from a system, or power generating equipment (for example, photovoltaic equipment, or a gas turbine) provided to each charging station may be used. Also, the charging equipment 118 may be configured to directly transmit power to the chargers 1 to L from the external power source 122 instead of being provided with the electricity storage equipment 121.
  • the operation plan creation device 104 is realized as a program on the computer of a server installed at a management center and storage unit.
  • the operation plan creation device 104 includes communication unit 105, plan update determination unit 106, constraint condition determination unit 107, operation plan creation unit 108, plan changed part extraction unit 109, notification information generation unit 110, operation diagram storage unit 111, vehicle information storage unit 112, equipment information storage unit 113, notification information storage unit 114, operation plan storage unit 115, and running condition storage unit 116.
  • the communication unit 105 communicates with the communication unit (the vehicle-mounted terminal 101, the mobile phone, etc.) provided to the registered vehicle, and communicates with the communication unit 117 of each charging equipment 118 provided at charging stations 1 to M, and transmits information about an operation plan and the like.
  • the plan update determination unit 106 determines, after operation of the registered vehicle is started according to the operation plan created by the operation plan creation device 104, whether or not to update (re-plan) the operation plan or the like, at regular intervals or at predetermined timings.
  • the plan update determination unit 106 receives vehicle information from the vehicle information storage unit 112, receives equipment information from the equipment information storage unit 113, receives a running condition from the running condition storage unit, and performs determination regarding a re-planning level based on the received pieces of information. That is, determination of whether or not to update any of various plans such as an operation plan and vehicle operation plan is performed by comparing the received information and a determination criterion of whether or not update (re-planning) of an operation plan or the like is necessary.
  • the estimated amount of the remaining power of each electric-powered vehicle according to the current operation plan may be used as the determination criterion, and the estimated value of the remaining power of each electric-powered vehicle according to the current operation plan and the estimated value of the remaining power of each electric-powered vehicle according to the received information may be compared, and the operation plan may be determined to be updated (re-planned) in the case where the estimated value according to the received information is smaller than the estimated value according to the operation plan.
  • the estimated value of the remaining power of each electric-powered vehicle according to the received information may be used as the determination criterion, and the operation plan may be determined to be updated in the case where the estimated remaining power is such that a predetermined amount of power cannot be charged in the electric-powered vehicle by the departure time even if charging is performed with the maximum charging power at a charging station.
  • the constraint condition determination unit 107 receives vehicle information from the vehicle information storage unit 112, equipment information from the equipment information storage unit 113, receives notification information from the notification information storage unit 114, receives a running condition from the running condition storage unit 116, and determines, based on the received pieces of information, a predetermined constraint condition for determining an operation plan.
  • the constraint condition may be determined for each charging station, or may be determined for a plurality of charging stations.
  • the upper limit of charging power at each time point at a charging station (the maximum charging load), the upper limit of the amount of power that can be charged at the charging station (the maximum amount of power), the upper limit of the charging time for charging a battery at the charging station (the maximum charging time), the upper limit of the electricity price at the time of charging the battery (the maximum electricity price), and the like may be used, for example.
  • the maximum charging load is set for each charging station or for all the charging stations, and is determined according to the power supply capacity of the entire area where the charging stations are provided, the contracted power of each charging station, or the like. Also, the maximum charging load may be determined according to DR information in the case where a demand response (DR) is issued by a power supplier (an electricity company or the like). These constraint conditions may be used to determine an operation plan.
  • DR demand response
  • fixation of a part of an existing operation plan may be used as the constraint condition.
  • the operation plan may be updated with the smallest correction as possible.
  • This constraint condition may be used to create an operation plan.
  • a constraint condition set in advance may be stored in the constraint condition determination unit 107.
  • the operation plan creation unit 108 receives a constraint condition from the constraint condition determination unit 107, receives vehicle information from the vehicle information storage unit 112, receives equipment information from the equipment information storage unit 113, receives a running condition from the running condition storage unit 116, and creates an operation plan based on the received pieces of information.
  • the operation plan creation unit 108 creates a first operation plan for starting operation of the registered vehicles (a basic operation plan), and after operation of the registered vehicles is started, the operation plan creation unit 108 creates a new operation plan which is obtained by at least partially changing the current operation plan (an updated operation plan). Creation of an updated operation plan is performed when the plan update determination unit 106 determines that an operation plan is to be updated.
  • An operation plan created by the operation plan creation unit 108 is stored in the operation plan storage unit 115.
  • the operation plan creation unit 108 includes temporary plan creation unit 125, charging load prediction unit 126, and operation plan determination unit 127.
  • the temporary plan creation unit 125 creates a temporary operation plan based on a basic operation diagram described below.
  • the charging load prediction unit predicts, with respect to the temporary operation plan created by the temporary plan creation unit 125, the charging load (the charging power) of the charging equipment 118 at a charging station at each time point.
  • the operation plan determination unit 127 determines an operation plan based on the charging load predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126 and the constraint condition determined by the constraint condition determination unit 107.
  • the plan changed part extraction unit 109 compares, in the case where the plan update determination unit 106 determines that an operation plan is to be updated, an updated operation plan created by the operation plan creation unit 108 and the current operation plan received from the operation plan storage unit 115, extracts a changed part of the operation plan, and transmits the same to the notification information generation unit 110.
  • the notification information generation unit 110 generates notification information to be notified to each registered vehicle and each of charging stations 1 to M, based on the information received from the plan changed part extraction unit 109.
  • the notification information generation unit 110 may also be configured to directly receive the updated operation plan from the operation plan creation unit 108.
  • the generated notification information is notified to the communication unit (the vehicle-mounted terminal 101, the mobile phone) of each registered vehicle and the communication unit 117 of each of the charging stations 1 to M via the communication unit 105.
  • the notification information generation unit 110 transmits the generated notification information to the notification information storage unit 114.
  • Information such as a basic operation diagram that is set in advance according to the traffic demand is stored in the operation diagram storage unit 111.
  • the basic operation diagram will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of whole of the operation route (hereinafter referred to as "entire operation route") of a registered vehicle.
  • the entire operation route of the present embodiment is configured from stop locations (charging stations) Al, Bl, and CI, stop locations (stops) A2, B2, and C2 where users get on or off a registered vehicle, and operation routes set in advance between the stop locations.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of the basic operation diagram that is set for the entire operation route of FIG. 2.
  • a plurality of partial operation routes (hereinafter referred to as "partial route(s)") along which the same registered vehicle is to operate are set in the basic operation diagram .
  • a partial route is configured based on the order of stop locations where the same registered vehicle is to stop, and the departure time or the arrival time of each stop location .
  • the time at the start point of the partial route is the departure time
  • the time at the end point is the arrival time
  • the time at a stop location along the way from the start point to the end point is the arrival time at the stop location .
  • a registered vehicle is set to leave the charging station CI at a time ti, to arrive at the charging station Bl at a time t 2 , and to arrive at the charging station Al at a time t 3 .
  • the time at a stop location along the way in FIG. 3 may be the departure time.
  • both the departure time and the arrival time may be set as the time at a stop location along the way.
  • the basic operation diagram does not specify which registered vehicle operates along which partial route, or how the partial routes are to be connected.
  • the operation plan creation device 104 creates an operation route for each registered vehicle by connecting the partial routes set by the basic operation diagram, and determines an operation route that satisfies the constraint condition as the operation plan .
  • the operation diagram storage unit 111 transmits stored information such as the basic operation diagram to the vehicle information storage unit 112.
  • Pieces of information such as the vehicle information of each of the registered vehicles 1 to N received via the communication unit 105, and the basic operation diagram received from the operation diagram storage unit 111 are stored in the vehicle information storage unit 112.
  • the pieces of vehicle information include information such as the locations of the registered vehicles, the operation distances, the operation speeds, the SoCs (State of Charge) of the batteries mounted on the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, and the like.
  • the SoC indicates the range of the accumulation amount of power (the charge level) of a battery set in advance to suppress the deterioration of the battery due to repetition of charging and discharging, and SoC information includes information about the upper limit of the amount of power (kWh) and the lower limit of the amount of power (kWh) to be charged in the battery.
  • Equipment information of each of the charging stations 1 to M received via the communication unit 105 is stored in the equipment information storage unit 113.
  • the equipment information includes information such as the received power information of power received from the external power source 122, the accumulation amount of power of the electricity storage equipment 121, a DR plan, and the like.
  • Information about a DR plan includes information such as the time and date of DR execution, the adjustment amount of power for each time slot, the electricity price for each time slot, and the like.
  • the notification information generated by the notification information generation unit 110 is stored in the notification information storage unit 114.
  • the notification information includes an operation plan created by the operation plan creation unit 108, a vehicle operation plan specifying the allocation of each registered vehicle to an operation route set by the operation plan, an attendant plan specifying the allocation of an attendant to board on each registered vehicle, a charge plan to be notified to the manager of each of the charging stations 1 to M, and the like.
  • the operation plan stored in the notification information storage unit 114 includes the basic operation plan and the changed part of the updated operation plan. Also, in the case where the notification information generation unit 110 is to directly receive the updated operation plan from the operation plan creation unit 108, the updated operation plan itself may be stored.
  • Pieces of information such as the estimated value of the average operation time between stop locations (the estimated operation time), the estimated value of the amount of power that is consumed at the time of operation between stop locations (the estimated amount of power consumption), and the like are stored in the running condition storage unit 116.
  • the estimated amount of power consumption is the amount of power consumption for which the average amount of power that is to be consumed at the time of an electric-powered vehicle operating between stop locations is estimated in advance, and the amount changes according to parameters such as the traffic state between the stop locations at the time of creation of an operation plan, the average speed that is estimated based on the traffic state, the weather, the temperature, and the like.
  • a plurality of estimated amounts of power consumption according to these parameters may be stored in the running condition storage unit 116.
  • the running condition estimation unit 123 may be provided by a provider of an existing traffic jam information service, or may be provided by an administrator of an operation route management system, for example.
  • the running condition may be estimated by an arbitrary existing method.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are activity diagrams showing the flow of an overall action of the operation plan creation device 104. Additionally, it is assumed that operation of a registered vehicle is not yet started at the time of start of the activity diagram.
  • a basic operation diagram is input to the operation plan creation unit 108 (step SI).
  • the basic operation diagram the basic operation diagram
  • operation diagram stored in advance in the operation diagram storage unit 111 may be input, or the diagram may be
  • the operation plan creation unit 108 determines a basic operation plan specifying the operation route along which each electric-powered vehicle is to operate, based on the input basic operation diagram (step S2). The method of determining the basic operation plan by the operation plan creation unit 108 will be described below.
  • the operation plan creation device 104 determines a vehicle operation plan by allocating registered vehicles to operate along each operation route specified by the basic operation plan (step S3), and determines an attendant plan by allocating an attendant such as a driver, a guide or the like to each registered vehicle (step S4).
  • An attendant may stay on the same registered vehicle, or may change to another
  • the operation plan creation device 104 sets the operation start location of each registered vehicle (step S8), and sets the estimated value of the remaining power of each of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N at the start of the operation (step S9).
  • the operation start location and the estimated value of the remaining power that are set are stored in the vehicle information storage unit 112.
  • the running condition estimation unit 123 receives information such as weather forecast, temperature, day of the week, information about events on the day, traffic information, and the like (steps S5, S6), and sets, and transmits to the running condition storage unit 116, the estimated amount of power consumption and the estimated operation time based on the received pieces of information (steps S10, Sl l).
  • the operation plan creation device 104 receives information about a DR plan from the charging equipment 118 (step S7), and sets, and stores in the equipment information storage unit 113, received power information of each of charging stations 1 to M (step S12).
  • the operation plan creation unit 108 updates the operation plan based on various pieces of information set in steps S5 to S12 in such a way that a constraint condition input from the constraint condition determination unit 107 is satisfied (step S13). Additionally, the method of updating the operation plan by the operation plan creation unit 108 will be described below.
  • the operation plan creation device 104 updates the vehicle operation plan and the attendant plan (step S14). Also, a charge plan is determined by determining the scheduled amount of charging power at each charging station (step S15), and determining the charging start/end times of each electric-powered vehicle at each charging station (step S16). Various plans, such as the operation plan, the vehicle operation plan, the attendant plan, and the charge plan, determined in this manner are notified to each registered vehicle and each charging station (steps S17, S25), and the operation of the registered vehicles is started.
  • the operation plan creation device 104 measures the current location of the registered vehicle in real time by receiving location information input to the vehicle-mounted terminal 101 by an attendant or the GPS mounted on the registered vehicle (step S21), and stores the location information in the vehicle information storage unit 112. Also, the running condition estimation unit 123 receives information such as weather forecast, temperature, day of the week, information about events on the day, traffic information, and the like (steps S18, S19), and updates the estimated amount of power consumption and the estimated operation time based on the received pieces of information (steps S22, S23).
  • information such as weather forecast, temperature, day of the week, information about events on the day, traffic information, and the like
  • the operation plan creation device 104 receives information about a DR plan from the charging equipment 118 (step S20), and updates the received power information stored in the equipment information storage unit 113 (step S24).
  • the operation plan creation device 104 predicts the time of arrival of the electric-powered vehicle in operation at the next charging station based on the location information of the electric-powered vehicle and the updated estimated operation time and the updated estimated amount of power consumption (step S26), updates the estimated value of the remaining power on arrival (step S27), and stores the same in the vehicle information storage unit 112.
  • the plan update determination unit 106 receives the updated received power information from the equipment information storage unit 113, and determines the balance of supply and demand of power at each charging station at each time point (step S28), and determines the re-planning level based on the determination result, and the information received from the vehicle information storage unit 112 and the running condition storage unit 116 (step S29).
  • the plan update determination unit 106 determines the re-planning level in three stages of maintenance of all the current plans (operation plan, etc.), update of the charge plan, and update of the operation plan (steps S30, S31, S32).
  • the plan update determination unit 106 may also perform the determination of whether to perform update or not with respect to the vehicle operation plan and the attendant plan.
  • the process returns to step S15, and in the case where the operation plan is determined to be updated, the process returns to step S13. Thereafter, the operation plan creation device 104 repeats the processes from step S13 to step S32, and manages the operation of the registered vehicle to be performed appropriately.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of a basic operation plan creation method of the operation plan creation unit 108. Additionally, the description below assumes that the registered vehicles are all electric-powered vehicles, and the determination method of the basic operation plan where a non-electric-powered vehicle 103 is included in the registered vehicles will be described below.
  • the temporary plan creation unit 125 creates a temporary operation plan for each registered vehicle (step S102).
  • a temporary operation plan temporarily specifies the operation route of each registered vehicle based on the basic operation diagram, and is created by connecting partial routes of the basic operation diagram. Additionally, in the case of updating the operation plan, a temporary operation plan may be created based on the current operation plan.
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram showing an example of the temporary operation plan created based on the basic operation diagram of FIG. 3.
  • an operation route specified by the temporary operation plan includes one or more partial routes specified by the basic operation diagram.
  • An operation route including a plurality of partial routes is created by connecting a start point and an end point of partial routes.
  • an operation route may be created by connecting the end point of an arbitrary partial route s and the start point of a partial route t whose stop location at the start point is the same as the stop location at the end point of the partial route s and whose departure time from the start point is later than the arrival time at the end point of the partial route s.
  • An operation route may also be created by connecting the start point of an arbitrary partial route s and the end point of a partial route t whose stop location at the end point is the same as the stop location at the start point of the partial route s and whose arrival time at the end point is earlier than the departure time from the start point of the partial route s.
  • the number of partial routes to be connected may be arbitrarily determined.
  • the operation time slot of each operation route created by the temporary plan creation unit may be the same as the entire time slot where the basic operation diagram is specified, or may be a part of the entire time slot.
  • the operation time slot of an operation route here means the time slot from the departure time from the start point of the first of the connected partial routes to the arrival time at the end point of the last of the partial routes.
  • connection portions of partial routes are shown by dotted lines.
  • a registered vehicle is stopped at the stop location of the end point of the previous partial route.
  • the time when a registered vehicle is stopped at the stop location of the connection portion of partial routes that is, the time from the arrival time at the end point of the previous partial route to the departure time from the next partial route, will be referred to as a stop time T.
  • An electric-powered vehicle arriving at a charging station has its battery charged during the stop time T.
  • the charging load prediction unit 126 predicts the charging load (the charging power) of a charging station at each time point (step S103).
  • the charging load on a charging station at each time point is calculated as the total of the charging load for each registered vehicle stopped at the charging station at the time point. That is, the charging load at a time point when no registered vehicle is stopped at the charging station is predicted to be zero, and the charging load at a time point when a plurality of registered vehicles are simultaneously stopped at the charging station is calculated as the total charging load for the registered vehicles that are stopped.
  • the charging load prediction unit 126 receives SoC information from the vehicle information storage unit 112.
  • the charging load for each registered vehicle is calculated as the average charging load (kW) where the registered vehicle is uniformly charged during the stop time T from the lower limit of the amount of power (kWh) of the range of the SoC to the upper limit of the amount of power (kWh). That is, the charging load prediction unit 126 calculates the charging load for each registered vehicle assuming that the estimated value of the remaining power of the registered vehicle on arrival at the charging station is the lower limit of the amount of power, and charging is performed at the same power rate (kW) up to the upper limit of the amount of power by the time of departure of the registered vehicle from the charging station.
  • the charging load (kW) for each registered vehicle may be obtained by (upper limit of amount of power (kWh) - lower limit of amount of power (kWh))/stop time T (h), for example. Additionally, in the case of updating the operation plan, the charging load for each registered vehicle may be calculated by using the estimated value of the remaining amount of power instead of the lower limit of the amount of power of the SoC.
  • FIGS. 6B to 6D are diagrams showing examples of the charging load predicted based on the temporary operation plan shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the charging load prediction unit 126 may predict the charging load on each of the charging stations 1 to M.
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram showing an example of the charging load on the charging station Al at each time point predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126.
  • the charging load prediction unit 126 may predict the charging load on each of the charging stations Bl and CI in the same manner as for the charging station Al. By predicting the charging load on each charging station in this manner, an operation plan where each charging station satisfies the constraint condition may be created.
  • the charging load prediction unit 126 may also predict the total of the charging load on a plurality of charging stations.
  • FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an example of the total of the charging load on the charging stations Bl and CI at each time point predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126.
  • the charging load prediction unit 126 may predict the total of the charging load on the charging stations Bl and CI by predicting the charging load of each of the charging stations Bl and CI and adding up the charging loads. Accordingly, the total of the charging load on a plurality of charging stations to which power is supplied by the same system may be predicted, and an operation plan may be created in such a way that a constraint condition (a DR plan, or the like) regarding the system is satisfied, for example.
  • a constraint condition a DR plan, or the like
  • the charging load prediction unit 126 may predict the total of the charging load on all the charging stations. Then, an operation plan according to which the entire operation route satisfies the constraint condition may be created.
  • the charging load prediction unit 126 may also predict the total of the charging load on a plurality of charging stations in addition to predicting the charging load on each charging station. Then, an operation plan that satisfies the constraint condition determined for each charging station and the constraint condition determined for all the charging stations at the same time may be created.
  • the operation plan determination unit 127 determines whether or not the temporary operation plan satisfies the constraint condition(s), based on the charging load predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126 and one or more constraint conditions received from the constraint condition determination unit 107 (step S104).
  • the upper limit of the charging load (the maximum charging load) on a charging station at each time point may be used, for example.
  • the operation plan determination unit 127 determines, in the case where the highest value of the charging load predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126 is greater than the maximum charging load, that the temporary operation plan does not satisfy the constraint condition, and determines, in the case where the highest value of the charging load is at or below the maximum charging load, that the temporary operation plan satisfies the constraint condition. In the case where it is determined that the temporary operation plan satisfies the constraint condition, this temporary operation plan is determined to be the basic operation plan (step S105).
  • an operation plan according to which a constraint of the maximum charging load determined according to the power supply capacity of the entire area where the charging stations are provided, the contracted power of each charging station, a DR issued by the power supplier, and the like is met, and according to which the charging load on the charging equipment is suppressed may be determined.
  • the operation plan creation process returns to step S102, and the temporary plan creation unit 125 re-creates the temporary operation plan.
  • a new operation route may be created with the fixation of a part of an already created operation route as a constraint condition. For example, in the case where the charging load at a time t 4 in FIG. 6D is exceeding the maximum charging load, a temporary operation plan may be created by locally changing the operation route at the time t 4 , as shown in FIG. 7.
  • an operation plan satisfying the constraint of the maximum charging load may be automatically determined. It is also possible to search for an operation plan according to which the predicted maximum value of the charging load (the peak power) at each time point is minimized, by repeating such a repetition process over a predetermined period of time or a predetermined number of times.
  • the process described above of performing re-evaluation while changing a temporary operation plan and searching for an operation plan that satisfies a constraint condition is a type of a heuristic search process, and comes down to the a multiple-route search problem that is used in automatic planning of railway vehicle operation, for example, and by using an existing search method or a method such as a genetic algorithm, a solution that satisfies a constraint may be efficiently found.
  • an arbitrary approximation algorithm or heuristics may be used as the method of solving the problem described above.
  • an operation plan may be determined by the method described above also in a case where a non-electric-powered vehicle 103 is included in the registered vehicles. That is, a basic operation plan may be determined by predicting the charging load in step S103 while assuming that all the registered vehicles are electric-powered vehicles, and performing the determination in step S104. Also, an operation plan may be determined by creating an operation route for non-electric-powered vehicles in advance, and by repeating the processes from steps S102 to S105 only with respect to the operation route for the electric-powered vehicles.
  • an operation plan may be created without specifically deciding the charging start/end times (charge plan) of each vehicle, by creating an operation plan that satisfies a predetermined constraint that is based on the charging load on the charging equipment at the time of creation of the operation plan.
  • the maximum amount of charge may be used as another constraint condition for determining the operation plan used in step S104.
  • the maximum amount of charge may be set as the upper limit of the amount of power that can be charged in an arbitrary time slot at each charging station or at a plurality of charging stations.
  • the amount of charging power for a temporary operation route may be predicted as the areas of the charging load in FIGS. 6B to 6D.
  • the operation plan determination unit 127 may determine whether or not a temporary operation route satisfies the constraint condition, by comparing the amount of charging power (the area of the charging load) in a time slot where the maximum amount of charge is set and the maximum amount of charge, for example. As the maximum amount of charge, a value that is different for each charging station or for each time slot may be set.
  • the maximum charging time may be used as another constraint condition.
  • the maximum charging time may be set as the upper limit of the total value of the charging time (the stop time T) of each electric-powered vehicle at a charging station.
  • the operation plan determination unit 127 may determine whether or not a temporary operation route satisfies the constraint condition, by comparing the total value of the stop time T of FIGS. 6A to 6D and the maximum charging time.
  • the maximum charging time may be set to be different for each charging station.
  • the maximum electricity price may be used as another constraint condition.
  • the maximum electricity price may be set as the upper limit of the total of the electricity price at the time of charging the battery of the electric-powered vehicle at each charging station or at a plurality of charging stations.
  • the electricity price at each charging station may be calculated as the total of the unit price of electricity ⁇ the charging time of the electric-powered vehicle (the stop time T in FIGS. 6A to 6D) stopped at the charging station.
  • the operation plan determination unit 127 may determine whether or not a temporary operation route satisfies the constraint condition, by comparing the electricity price at a charging station calculated in the above manner and the maximum charge price.
  • the unit price of electricity is determined according to the external power source 122 or a DR that is issued.

Abstract

In one embodiment, an operation plan creation device includes a prediction unit and creation unit. the prediction unit predicts, in a case where a plurality of electric-powered vehicles are to be operated based on an operation plan, charging power needed by a plurality of charging stations at respective time points to charge batteries mounted on respective electric-powered vehicles at the charging stations. The charging stations are provided on an operation route of the electric-powered vehicles. The creation unit creates the operation plan for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles by using the prediction unit, in such a way that a predetermined constraint of at least one of the charging station and the battery is satisfied.

Description

DESCRIPTION
OPERATION PLAN CREATION DEVICE AND OPERATION PLAN
CREATION METHOD
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-196114, filed on September 20, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD
Embodiments described herein relate generally to an operation plan creation device, and an operation plan creation method.
BACKGROUND
In recent years, more and more institutional vehicles such as buses and vehicles for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are getting electrified. Such an institutional electric-powered vehicle operates according to an operation plan (diagram) set in advance, and thus, may have to be charged in a short time. However, mid-rate/quick charging for charging an electric-powered vehicle in a short time instantly consumes a large amount of power, and if a large number of electric-powered vehicles are charged at the same time, the balance of supply and demand of power in an entire regional system may be lost, or a serious damage may be inflicted to the charging equipment, or electricity shortage may occur due to a planned charging service not being provided.
Accordingly, to prevent concentration of charge timings of a large number of electric-powered vehicles at specific station/area/time slot, the charge timing of each electric-powered vehicle has to be appropriately managed, and peak-shifting has to be performed in a systematic manner. To achieve this object, a method of stabilizing the electricity distribution system of a region by controlling the charge timing of an electric-powered vehicle already connected to charging equipment is being proposed.
Also, as a technique for creating an efficient operation plan for an electric-powered vehicle, a method of sequentially determining an operation route so that a fully charged electric-powered vehicle would not have to stay at a charging station for a long time, to reduce the number of times of charging of the electric-powered vehicle is being proposed.
However, these conventional techniques do not simultaneously take into account a constraint of the charging load on charging equipment and creation of an operation plan, and thus, it is difficult to create an operation plan that satisfies the constraint of the charging load on charging equipment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. 1A to 1C are block diagrams showing a schematic configuration of an operation plan management system provided with an operation plan creation device.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an entire operation route of a registered vehicle registered in the operation plan management system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an example of a basic operation diagram specified for the entire operation route of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4A and 4B are activity diagrams showing the flow of an overall action of the operation plan creation device.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of a basic operation plan creation method.
FIGS. 6A to 6D are diagrams showing examples of a temporary operation plan created based on the basic operation diagram of FIG. 3, and charging loads predicted for the temporary operation plan.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an operation plan created by locally changing the temporary operation plan of FIG. 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In one embodiment, an operation plan creation device includes a prediction unit and creation unit, the prediction unit predicts, in a case where a plurality of electric-powered vehicles are to be operated based on an operation plan, charging power needed by a plurality of charging stations at respective time points to charge batteries mounted on respective electric-powered vehicles at the charging stations. The charging stations are provided on an operation route of the electric-powered vehicles. The creation unit creates the operation plan for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles by using the prediction unit, in such a way that a predetermined constraint of at least one of the charging station and the battery is satisfied.
Also, in an embodiment, an operation plan creation method, predict, in a case where a plurality of electric-powered vehicles are to be operated based on an operation plan, charging power needed by a plurality of charging stations at respective time points to charge batteries mounted on respective electric- powered vehicles at the charging stations. The charging stations are provided on an operation route of the electric-powered vehicles. And the method creates an operation plan for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles based on the predicted charging power in such a way that a predetermined constraint of at least one of the charging station and the battery is satisfied.
(Configuration of Operation Plan Management System)
In the following, the operation plan creation device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, FIGS. 1A to 1C are block diagrams showing a schematic configuration of an operation plan management system provided with the operation plan creation device.
The operation plan management system is a system for creating an operation plan for a plurality of electric-powered vehicles 1 to N registered in the system, and for managing the operation of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, and may be used for creation of an operation plan for buses or electric-powered vehicles for BRT or the like whose operation plan (diagram) is made available to users or for management of the operation, for example. The operation plan management system includes a plurality of electric-powered vehicles 1 to N (electric-powered vehicles 100 are indicated as examples) registered in the system, charging equipment (charging equipment 118 is indicated as an example) capable of charging a battery mounted on each of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, and an operation plan creation device 104 for creating an operation plan for the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N. The electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, the charging equipment 118, and the operation plan creation device 104 may be interconnected by an internet connection, a dedicated wireless connection or the like.
The electric-powered vehicle 100 is registered in the operation plan management system, and operates along an operation route that is specified by an operation plan created by the operation plan creation device 104. Here, an operation plan is an operation route along which each of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N is to operate, the operation plan being specified by a basic operation diagram described below.
Electric-powered vehicles to be registered in the operation plan management system include electric vehicles (EV), electric buses for BRT or the like, electric motorcycles, trains that are driven by batteries, and the like. The electric-powered vehicle 100 registered in the operation plan management system includes communication unit which is to be notified of the operation plan created by the operation plan creation device 104. When the communication unit is notified of the operation plan, the driver of each electric-powered vehicle may grasp the operation route of his vehicle, and may operate the electric-powered vehicle according to the operation plan. As the communication unit, a vehicle-mounted terminal 101, a mobile phone or the like provided with plan storage unit 102 may be used.
Additionally, in addition to the electric-powered vehicles, one or more non-electric-powered vehicles (such as gasoline-power vehicles) 103 may be registered in the operation plan management system. In this case, the operation plan creation device 104 creates an operation plan in which the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N and the non-electric-powered vehicles 103 are present in a mixed manner, and notifies communication unit (the vehicle-mounted terminals 101, mobile phones, or the like) of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N and of the non-electric-powered vehicles 103 of the operation plan. In the following, the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N and the non-electric-powered vehicles 103 registered in the operation plan management system will be collectively referred to as registered vehicles.
The charging equipment 118 is installed at each of a plurality of charging stations 1 to M provided on the operation route of the registered vehicles. Batteries mounted on the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N are charged by being supplied with power by the charging equipment. The charging equipment 118 includes charge/discharge management device 119, and chargers 1 to L.
The charge/discharge management device 119 is a controller device for managing the charging equipment 118, and includes communication unit 117 for communicating with the operation plan creation device 104, plan storage unit 120 for storing an equipment use plan (a charge plan) notified by the operation plan creation device 104 via the communication unit 117, electricity storage equipment 121 for accumulating power for charging the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, and a PCS (power conditioning system) 124. The charging equipment 118 is supplied with externally supplied power from an external power source 122 via the PCS 124, and accumulates the supplied power in the electricity storage equipment 121. As the external power source 122, supply unit for supplying power purchased from a system, or power generating equipment (for example, photovoltaic equipment, or a gas turbine) provided to each charging station may be used. Also, the charging equipment 118 may be configured to directly transmit power to the chargers 1 to L from the external power source 122 instead of being provided with the electricity storage equipment 121.
The operation plan creation device 104 is realized as a program on the computer of a server installed at a management center and storage unit. The operation plan creation device 104 includes communication unit 105, plan update determination unit 106, constraint condition determination unit 107, operation plan creation unit 108, plan changed part extraction unit 109, notification information generation unit 110, operation diagram storage unit 111, vehicle information storage unit 112, equipment information storage unit 113, notification information storage unit 114, operation plan storage unit 115, and running condition storage unit 116.
The communication unit 105 communicates with the communication unit (the vehicle-mounted terminal 101, the mobile phone, etc.) provided to the registered vehicle, and communicates with the communication unit 117 of each charging equipment 118 provided at charging stations 1 to M, and transmits information about an operation plan and the like.
The plan update determination unit 106 determines, after operation of the registered vehicle is started according to the operation plan created by the operation plan creation device 104, whether or not to update (re-plan) the operation plan or the like, at regular intervals or at predetermined timings. The plan update determination unit 106 receives vehicle information from the vehicle information storage unit 112, receives equipment information from the equipment information storage unit 113, receives a running condition from the running condition storage unit, and performs determination regarding a re-planning level based on the received pieces of information. That is, determination of whether or not to update any of various plans such as an operation plan and vehicle operation plan is performed by comparing the received information and a determination criterion of whether or not update (re-planning) of an operation plan or the like is necessary.
For example, the estimated amount of the remaining power of each electric-powered vehicle according to the current operation plan may be used as the determination criterion, and the estimated value of the remaining power of each electric-powered vehicle according to the current operation plan and the estimated value of the remaining power of each electric-powered vehicle according to the received information may be compared, and the operation plan may be determined to be updated (re-planned) in the case where the estimated value according to the received information is smaller than the estimated value according to the operation plan. Also, the estimated value of the remaining power of each electric-powered vehicle according to the received information may be used as the determination criterion, and the operation plan may be determined to be updated in the case where the estimated remaining power is such that a predetermined amount of power cannot be charged in the electric-powered vehicle by the departure time even if charging is performed with the maximum charging power at a charging station.
The constraint condition determination unit 107 receives vehicle information from the vehicle information storage unit 112, equipment information from the equipment information storage unit 113, receives notification information from the notification information storage unit 114, receives a running condition from the running condition storage unit 116, and determines, based on the received pieces of information, a predetermined constraint condition for determining an operation plan. The constraint condition may be determined for each charging station, or may be determined for a plurality of charging stations.
As the constraint condition, the upper limit of charging power at each time point at a charging station (the maximum charging load), the upper limit of the amount of power that can be charged at the charging station (the maximum amount of power), the upper limit of the charging time for charging a battery at the charging station (the maximum charging time), the upper limit of the electricity price at the time of charging the battery (the maximum electricity price), and the like may be used, for example. The maximum charging load is set for each charging station or for all the charging stations, and is determined according to the power supply capacity of the entire area where the charging stations are provided, the contracted power of each charging station, or the like. Also, the maximum charging load may be determined according to DR information in the case where a demand response (DR) is issued by a power supplier (an electricity company or the like). These constraint conditions may be used to determine an operation plan.
Furthermore, fixation of a part of an existing operation plan may be used as the constraint condition. By fixating a part of an operation plan, the operation plan may be updated with the smallest correction as possible. This constraint condition may be used to create an operation plan. Additionally, a constraint condition set in advance may be stored in the constraint condition determination unit 107.
The operation plan creation unit 108 receives a constraint condition from the constraint condition determination unit 107, receives vehicle information from the vehicle information storage unit 112, receives equipment information from the equipment information storage unit 113, receives a running condition from the running condition storage unit 116, and creates an operation plan based on the received pieces of information. Before operation of registered vehicles is started, the operation plan creation unit 108 creates a first operation plan for starting operation of the registered vehicles (a basic operation plan), and after operation of the registered vehicles is started, the operation plan creation unit 108 creates a new operation plan which is obtained by at least partially changing the current operation plan (an updated operation plan). Creation of an updated operation plan is performed when the plan update determination unit 106 determines that an operation plan is to be updated. An operation plan created by the operation plan creation unit 108 is stored in the operation plan storage unit 115.
The operation plan creation unit 108 includes temporary plan creation unit 125, charging load prediction unit 126, and operation plan determination unit 127. The temporary plan creation unit 125 creates a temporary operation plan based on a basic operation diagram described below. The charging load prediction unit predicts, with respect to the temporary operation plan created by the temporary plan creation unit 125, the charging load (the charging power) of the charging equipment 118 at a charging station at each time point. The operation plan determination unit 127 determines an operation plan based on the charging load predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126 and the constraint condition determined by the constraint condition determination unit 107.
The plan changed part extraction unit 109 compares, in the case where the plan update determination unit 106 determines that an operation plan is to be updated, an updated operation plan created by the operation plan creation unit 108 and the current operation plan received from the operation plan storage unit 115, extracts a changed part of the operation plan, and transmits the same to the notification information generation unit 110.
The notification information generation unit 110 generates notification information to be notified to each registered vehicle and each of charging stations 1 to M, based on the information received from the plan changed part extraction unit 109. The notification information generation unit 110 may also be configured to directly receive the updated operation plan from the operation plan creation unit 108. The generated notification information is notified to the communication unit (the vehicle-mounted terminal 101, the mobile phone) of each registered vehicle and the communication unit 117 of each of the charging stations 1 to M via the communication unit 105. The notification information generation unit 110 transmits the generated notification information to the notification information storage unit 114.
Information such as a basic operation diagram that is set in advance according to the traffic demand is stored in the operation diagram storage unit 111. In the following, the basic operation diagram will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of whole of the operation route (hereinafter referred to as "entire operation route") of a registered vehicle. As shown in FIG. 2, the entire operation route of the present embodiment is configured from stop locations (charging stations) Al, Bl, and CI, stop locations (stops) A2, B2, and C2 where users get on or off a registered vehicle, and operation routes set in advance between the stop locations.
FIG. 3 is an example of the basic operation diagram that is set for the entire operation route of FIG. 2. A plurality of partial operation routes (hereinafter referred to as "partial route(s)") along which the same registered vehicle is to operate are set in the basic operation diagram . A partial route is configured based on the order of stop locations where the same registered vehicle is to stop, and the departure time or the arrival time of each stop location . In FIG. 3, the time at the start point of the partial route is the departure time, and the time at the end point is the arrival time, and the time at a stop location along the way from the start point to the end point is the arrival time at the stop location . For example, according to a partial route r, a registered vehicle is set to leave the charging station CI at a time ti, to arrive at the charging station Bl at a time t2, and to arrive at the charging station Al at a time t3. Additionally, the time at a stop location along the way in FIG. 3 may be the departure time. Also, both the departure time and the arrival time may be set as the time at a stop location along the way.
The basic operation diagram does not specify which registered vehicle operates along which partial route, or how the partial routes are to be connected. The operation plan creation device 104 creates an operation route for each registered vehicle by connecting the partial routes set by the basic operation diagram, and determines an operation route that satisfies the constraint condition as the operation plan . The operation diagram storage unit 111 transmits stored information such as the basic operation diagram to the vehicle information storage unit 112.
Pieces of information such as the vehicle information of each of the registered vehicles 1 to N received via the communication unit 105, and the basic operation diagram received from the operation diagram storage unit 111 are stored in the vehicle information storage unit 112. The pieces of vehicle information include information such as the locations of the registered vehicles, the operation distances, the operation speeds, the SoCs (State of Charge) of the batteries mounted on the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N, and the like. The SoC indicates the range of the accumulation amount of power (the charge level) of a battery set in advance to suppress the deterioration of the battery due to repetition of charging and discharging, and SoC information includes information about the upper limit of the amount of power (kWh) and the lower limit of the amount of power (kWh) to be charged in the battery.
Equipment information of each of the charging stations 1 to M received via the communication unit 105 is stored in the equipment information storage unit 113. The equipment information includes information such as the received power information of power received from the external power source 122, the accumulation amount of power of the electricity storage equipment 121, a DR plan, and the like. Information about a DR plan includes information such as the time and date of DR execution, the adjustment amount of power for each time slot, the electricity price for each time slot, and the like.
The notification information generated by the notification information generation unit 110 is stored in the notification information storage unit 114. The notification information includes an operation plan created by the operation plan creation unit 108, a vehicle operation plan specifying the allocation of each registered vehicle to an operation route set by the operation plan, an attendant plan specifying the allocation of an attendant to board on each registered vehicle, a charge plan to be notified to the manager of each of the charging stations 1 to M, and the like. The operation plan stored in the notification information storage unit 114 includes the basic operation plan and the changed part of the updated operation plan. Also, in the case where the notification information generation unit 110 is to directly receive the updated operation plan from the operation plan creation unit 108, the updated operation plan itself may be stored.
Pieces of information (running conditions) such as the estimated value of the average operation time between stop locations (the estimated operation time), the estimated value of the amount of power that is consumed at the time of operation between stop locations (the estimated amount of power consumption), and the like are stored in the running condition storage unit 116. The estimated amount of power consumption is the amount of power consumption for which the average amount of power that is to be consumed at the time of an electric-powered vehicle operating between stop locations is estimated in advance, and the amount changes according to parameters such as the traffic state between the stop locations at the time of creation of an operation plan, the average speed that is estimated based on the traffic state, the weather, the temperature, and the like. A plurality of estimated amounts of power consumption according to these parameters may be stored in the running condition storage unit 116. Then, the amount of power consumption may be accurately estimated, and a more appropriate operation plan may be created. These pieces of information that are stored in the running condition storage unit 116 may be changed as appropriate by receiving information estimated by external running condition estimation unit 123 via the communication unit 105. The running condition estimation unit 123 may be provided by a provider of an existing traffic jam information service, or may be provided by an administrator of an operation route management system, for example. The running condition may be estimated by an arbitrary existing method.
(Action of Operation Plan Creation Device)
Next, the outline of an action of the operation plan creation device 104 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B. Here, FIGS. 4A and 4B are activity diagrams showing the flow of an overall action of the operation plan creation device 104. Additionally, it is assumed that operation of a registered vehicle is not yet started at the time of start of the activity diagram.
First, to create a basic operation plan, a basic operation diagram is input to the operation plan creation unit 108 (step SI). Regarding the basic operation diagram, the basic
operation diagram stored in advance in the operation diagram storage unit 111 may be input, or the diagram may be
externally input via the communication unit 105.
The operation plan creation unit 108 determines a basic operation plan specifying the operation route along which each electric-powered vehicle is to operate, based on the input basic operation diagram (step S2). The method of determining the basic operation plan by the operation plan creation unit 108 will be described below.
The operation plan creation device 104 determines a vehicle operation plan by allocating registered vehicles to operate along each operation route specified by the basic operation plan (step S3), and determines an attendant plan by allocating an attendant such as a driver, a guide or the like to each registered vehicle (step S4). An attendant may stay on the same registered vehicle, or may change to another
registered vehicle along the way.
Before the operation of the registered vehicles is started, the operation plan creation device 104 sets the operation start location of each registered vehicle (step S8), and sets the estimated value of the remaining power of each of the electric-powered vehicles 1 to N at the start of the operation (step S9). The operation start location and the estimated value of the remaining power that are set are stored in the vehicle information storage unit 112. Furthermore, the running condition estimation unit 123 receives information such as weather forecast, temperature, day of the week, information about events on the day, traffic information, and the like (steps S5, S6), and sets, and transmits to the running condition storage unit 116, the estimated amount of power consumption and the estimated operation time based on the received pieces of information (steps S10, Sl l). Moreover, the operation plan creation device 104 receives information about a DR plan from the charging equipment 118 (step S7), and sets, and stores in the equipment information storage unit 113, received power information of each of charging stations 1 to M (step S12).
The operation plan creation unit 108 updates the operation plan based on various pieces of information set in steps S5 to S12 in such a way that a constraint condition input from the constraint condition determination unit 107 is satisfied (step S13). Additionally, the method of updating the operation plan by the operation plan creation unit 108 will be described below.
According to the update of the operation plan, the operation plan creation device 104 updates the vehicle operation plan and the attendant plan (step S14). Also, a charge plan is determined by determining the scheduled amount of charging power at each charging station (step S15), and determining the charging start/end times of each electric-powered vehicle at each charging station (step S16). Various plans, such as the operation plan, the vehicle operation plan, the attendant plan, and the charge plan, determined in this manner are notified to each registered vehicle and each charging station (steps S17, S25), and the operation of the registered vehicles is started.
After the operation of a registered vehicle is started, the operation plan creation device 104 measures the current location of the registered vehicle in real time by receiving location information input to the vehicle-mounted terminal 101 by an attendant or the GPS mounted on the registered vehicle (step S21), and stores the location information in the vehicle information storage unit 112. Also, the running condition estimation unit 123 receives information such as weather forecast, temperature, day of the week, information about events on the day, traffic information, and the like (steps S18, S19), and updates the estimated amount of power consumption and the estimated operation time based on the received pieces of information (steps S22, S23). Furthermore, the operation plan creation device 104 receives information about a DR plan from the charging equipment 118 (step S20), and updates the received power information stored in the equipment information storage unit 113 (step S24). The operation plan creation device 104 predicts the time of arrival of the electric-powered vehicle in operation at the next charging station based on the location information of the electric-powered vehicle and the updated estimated operation time and the updated estimated amount of power consumption (step S26), updates the estimated value of the remaining power on arrival (step S27), and stores the same in the vehicle information storage unit 112.
The plan update determination unit 106 receives the updated received power information from the equipment information storage unit 113, and determines the balance of supply and demand of power at each charging station at each time point (step S28), and determines the re-planning level based on the determination result, and the information received from the vehicle information storage unit 112 and the running condition storage unit 116 (step S29). The plan update determination unit 106 determines the re-planning level in three stages of maintenance of all the current plans (operation plan, etc.), update of the charge plan, and update of the operation plan (steps S30, S31, S32). The plan update determination unit 106 may also perform the determination of whether to perform update or not with respect to the vehicle operation plan and the attendant plan. In the case where the charge plan is determined by the plan update determination unit 106 to be updated, the process returns to step S15, and in the case where the operation plan is determined to be updated, the process returns to step S13. Thereafter, the operation plan creation device 104 repeats the processes from step S13 to step S32, and manages the operation of the registered vehicle to be performed appropriately.
(Creation Method of Basic Operation Plan)
Furthermore, the creation method of a basic operation plan by the operation plan creation unit 108 will be described with reference to FIG. 5. Here, FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of a basic operation plan creation method of the operation plan creation unit 108. Additionally, the description below assumes that the registered vehicles are all electric-powered vehicles, and the determination method of the basic operation plan where a non-electric-powered vehicle 103 is included in the registered vehicles will be described below.
When a basic operation diagram is input to the operation plan creation unit 108 (step S101, step SI in FIG. 4A), the temporary plan creation unit 125 creates a temporary operation plan for each registered vehicle (step S102). A temporary operation plan temporarily specifies the operation route of each registered vehicle based on the basic operation diagram, and is created by connecting partial routes of the basic operation diagram. Additionally, in the case of updating the operation plan, a temporary operation plan may be created based on the current operation plan.
FIG. 6A is a diagram showing an example of the temporary operation plan created based on the basic operation diagram of FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 6A, an operation route specified by the temporary operation plan includes one or more partial routes specified by the basic operation diagram. An operation route including a plurality of partial routes is created by connecting a start point and an end point of partial routes. Specifically, an operation route may be created by connecting the end point of an arbitrary partial route s and the start point of a partial route t whose stop location at the start point is the same as the stop location at the end point of the partial route s and whose departure time from the start point is later than the arrival time at the end point of the partial route s. An operation route may also be created by connecting the start point of an arbitrary partial route s and the end point of a partial route t whose stop location at the end point is the same as the stop location at the start point of the partial route s and whose arrival time at the end point is earlier than the departure time from the start point of the partial route s. The number of partial routes to be connected may be arbitrarily determined.
The operation time slot of each operation route created by the temporary plan creation unit may be the same as the entire time slot where the basic operation diagram is specified, or may be a part of the entire time slot. The operation time slot of an operation route here means the time slot from the departure time from the start point of the first of the connected partial routes to the arrival time at the end point of the last of the partial routes.
In FIG. 6A, the connection portions of partial routes are shown by dotted lines. At the connection portion of partial routes, a registered vehicle is stopped at the stop location of the end point of the previous partial route. In the following, the time when a registered vehicle is stopped at the stop location of the connection portion of partial routes, that is, the time from the arrival time at the end point of the previous partial route to the departure time from the next partial route, will be referred to as a stop time T. An electric-powered vehicle arriving at a charging station has its battery charged during the stop time T.
When a temporary operation plan is created, the charging load prediction unit 126 predicts the charging load (the charging power) of a charging station at each time point (step S103). The charging load on a charging station at each time point is calculated as the total of the charging load for each registered vehicle stopped at the charging station at the time point. That is, the charging load at a time point when no registered vehicle is stopped at the charging station is predicted to be zero, and the charging load at a time point when a plurality of registered vehicles are simultaneously stopped at the charging station is calculated as the total charging load for the registered vehicles that are stopped.
To calculate the charging load for each registered vehicle, the charging load prediction unit 126 receives SoC information from the vehicle information storage unit 112. The charging load for each registered vehicle is calculated as the average charging load (kW) where the registered vehicle is uniformly charged during the stop time T from the lower limit of the amount of power (kWh) of the range of the SoC to the upper limit of the amount of power (kWh). That is, the charging load prediction unit 126 calculates the charging load for each registered vehicle assuming that the estimated value of the remaining power of the registered vehicle on arrival at the charging station is the lower limit of the amount of power, and charging is performed at the same power rate (kW) up to the upper limit of the amount of power by the time of departure of the registered vehicle from the charging station. The charging load (kW) for each registered vehicle may be obtained by (upper limit of amount of power (kWh) - lower limit of amount of power (kWh))/stop time T (h), for example. Additionally, in the case of updating the operation plan, the charging load for each registered vehicle may be calculated by using the estimated value of the remaining amount of power instead of the lower limit of the amount of power of the SoC.
Here, FIGS. 6B to 6D are diagrams showing examples of the charging load predicted based on the temporary operation plan shown in FIG. 6A. The charging load prediction unit 126 may predict the charging load on each of the charging stations 1 to M. FIG. 6B is a diagram showing an example of the charging load on the charging station Al at each time point predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126. The charging load prediction unit 126 may predict the charging load on each of the charging stations Bl and CI in the same manner as for the charging station Al. By predicting the charging load on each charging station in this manner, an operation plan where each charging station satisfies the constraint condition may be created.
Furthermore, the charging load prediction unit 126 may also predict the total of the charging load on a plurality of charging stations. FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an example of the total of the charging load on the charging stations Bl and CI at each time point predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126. The charging load prediction unit 126 may predict the total of the charging load on the charging stations Bl and CI by predicting the charging load of each of the charging stations Bl and CI and adding up the charging loads. Accordingly, the total of the charging load on a plurality of charging stations to which power is supplied by the same system may be predicted, and an operation plan may be created in such a way that a constraint condition (a DR plan, or the like) regarding the system is satisfied, for example.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6D, the charging load prediction unit 126 may predict the total of the charging load on all the charging stations. Then, an operation plan according to which the entire operation route satisfies the constraint condition may be created.
Additionally, the charging load prediction unit 126 may also predict the total of the charging load on a plurality of charging stations in addition to predicting the charging load on each charging station. Then, an operation plan that satisfies the constraint condition determined for each charging station and the constraint condition determined for all the charging stations at the same time may be created.
The operation plan determination unit 127 determines whether or not the temporary operation plan satisfies the constraint condition(s), based on the charging load predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126 and one or more constraint conditions received from the constraint condition determination unit 107 (step S104).
As the constraint condition, the upper limit of the charging load (the maximum charging load) on a charging station at each time point may be used, for example. In this case, the operation plan determination unit 127 determines, in the case where the highest value of the charging load predicted by the charging load prediction unit 126 is greater than the maximum charging load, that the temporary operation plan does not satisfy the constraint condition, and determines, in the case where the highest value of the charging load is at or below the maximum charging load, that the temporary operation plan satisfies the constraint condition. In the case where it is determined that the temporary operation plan satisfies the constraint condition, this temporary operation plan is determined to be the basic operation plan (step S105). Accordingly, an operation plan according to which a constraint of the maximum charging load determined according to the power supply capacity of the entire area where the charging stations are provided, the contracted power of each charging station, a DR issued by the power supplier, and the like is met, and according to which the charging load on the charging equipment is suppressed may be determined.
On the other hand, in the case where it is determined that the temporary operation plan does not satisfy the constraint condition, the operation plan creation process returns to step S102, and the temporary plan creation unit 125 re-creates the temporary operation plan. At this time, a new operation route may be created with the fixation of a part of an already created operation route as a constraint condition. For example, in the case where the charging load at a time t4 in FIG. 6D is exceeding the maximum charging load, a temporary operation plan may be created by locally changing the operation route at the time t4, as shown in FIG. 7.
Thereafter, by repeating the processes of steps S102 to S104, an operation plan satisfying the constraint of the maximum charging load may be automatically determined. It is also possible to search for an operation plan according to which the predicted maximum value of the charging load (the peak power) at each time point is minimized, by repeating such a repetition process over a predetermined period of time or a predetermined number of times.
The process described above of performing re-evaluation while changing a temporary operation plan and searching for an operation plan that satisfies a constraint condition is a type of a heuristic search process, and comes down to the a multiple-route search problem that is used in automatic planning of railway vehicle operation, for example, and by using an existing search method or a method such as a genetic algorithm, a solution that satisfies a constraint may be efficiently found. As the method of solving the problem described above, an arbitrary approximation algorithm or heuristics may be used.
Additionally, an operation plan may be determined by the method described above also in a case where a non-electric-powered vehicle 103 is included in the registered vehicles. That is, a basic operation plan may be determined by predicting the charging load in step S103 while assuming that all the registered vehicles are electric-powered vehicles, and performing the determination in step S104. Also, an operation plan may be determined by creating an operation route for non-electric-powered vehicles in advance, and by repeating the processes from steps S102 to S105 only with respect to the operation route for the electric-powered vehicles.
As described above, according to the operation plan creation device of the embodiment of the present invention, an operation plan may be created without specifically deciding the charging start/end times (charge plan) of each vehicle, by creating an operation plan that satisfies a predetermined constraint that is based on the charging load on the charging equipment at the time of creation of the operation plan. Additionally, as another constraint condition for determining the operation plan used in step S104, the maximum amount of charge may be used. The maximum amount of charge may be set as the upper limit of the amount of power that can be charged in an arbitrary time slot at each charging station or at a plurality of charging stations. The amount of charging power for a temporary operation route may be predicted as the areas of the charging load in FIGS. 6B to 6D. The operation plan determination unit 127 may determine whether or not a temporary operation route satisfies the constraint condition, by comparing the amount of charging power (the area of the charging load) in a time slot where the maximum amount of charge is set and the maximum amount of charge, for example. As the maximum amount of charge, a value that is different for each charging station or for each time slot may be set.
Furthermore, the maximum charging time may be used as another constraint condition. The maximum charging time may be set as the upper limit of the total value of the charging time (the stop time T) of each electric-powered vehicle at a charging station. The operation plan determination unit 127 may determine whether or not a temporary operation route satisfies the constraint condition, by comparing the total value of the stop time T of FIGS. 6A to 6D and the maximum charging time. The maximum charging time may be set to be different for each charging station.
Still further, the maximum electricity price may be used as another constraint condition. The maximum electricity price may be set as the upper limit of the total of the electricity price at the time of charging the battery of the electric-powered vehicle at each charging station or at a plurality of charging stations. The electricity price at each charging station may be calculated as the total of the unit price of electricity χ the charging time of the electric-powered vehicle (the stop time T in FIGS. 6A to 6D) stopped at the charging station. The operation plan determination unit 127 may determine whether or not a temporary operation route satisfies the constraint condition, by comparing the electricity price at a charging station calculated in the above manner and the maximum charge price. The unit price of electricity is determined according to the external power source 122 or a DR that is issued.
While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.

Claims

1. An operation plan creation device comprising:
prediction unit predicting, in a case where a plurality of electric-powered vehicles are to be operated based on an operation plan, charging power needed by a plurality of charging stations at respective time points to charge batteries mounted on respective electric-powered vehicles at the charging stations, the charging stations are provided on an operation route of the electric-powered vehicles,; and
creation unit creating an operation plan for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles by using the prediction unit, in such a way that a predetermined constraint of at least one of the charging station and the battery is satisfied.
2. The operation plan creation device according to claim 1, wherein the creation unit creates the operation plan for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles based on the charging power predicted by the prediction unit.
3. The operation plan creation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined constraint is a constraint of at least one of an upper limit of the charging power predicted by the prediction unit, an upper limit of an amount of power to be charged in the battery, an upper limit of charging time for charging the battery, and an upper limit of electricity price for charging the battery.
4. The operation plan creation device according to claim 1 or 2, the operation plan including an operation route for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles and an operation route for at least one non-electric-powered vehicle is created.
5. The operation plan creation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
wherein the prediction unit predicts the charging power of each charging station provided on the operation route, and wherein the creation unit creates an operation plan based on the charging power of each charging station predicted by the prediction unit.
6. The operation plan creation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
wherein the prediction unit predicts a total of the charging power of the plurality of charging stations provided on the operation route, and
wherein the creation unit creates an operation plan based on the total of the charging power of the plurality of charging stations predicted by the prediction unit.
7. The operation plan creation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the prediction unit predicts the charging power of the charging station at each time point based on charging power of a case where the electric-powered vehicle is uniformly charged while the electric-powered vehicle is stopped at the charging station, from a predetermined lower limit of a range of an accumulation amount of power of the battery or an estimated value of remaining power on arrival at the charging station to a predetermined amount.
8. The operation plan creation device according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined amount is a predetermined upper limit of the range of the accumulation amount of power of the battery.
9. An operation plan creation method comprising :
predicting, in a case where a plurality of electric-powered vehicles are to be operated based on an operation plan, charging power needed by a plurality of charging stations at respective time points to charge batteries mounted on respective electric-powered vehicles at the charging stations, the charging stations are provided on an operation route of the electric-powered vehicles; and
creating an operation plan for the plurality of electric-powered vehicles based on the predicted charging power in such a way that a predeternnined constraint of at least one of the charging station and the battery is satisfied.
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